The intellectual basis for preservation and conservation is formed by the study, record and dissemination of the works of humanity. Due to the negative impacts of exponential city growth, through densification and the impact of climate change, more considered design approaches need to be made for the reuse and adaptation of buildings in historical contexts. The fast pace of project design, and implementation, in the 21 st century, has fostered the need for directly accessible architectural heritage knowledge. Therefore, architectural heritage practice demands access to curated information to ensure considered, and appropriate, design responses. This is important, not only for heritage and other related practitioners, but also for researchers and students. The advent of the Information Age initiated new methodologies for archiving knowledge. These developments provided architectural heritage practice with extended platforms of knowledge, either born-digital or founded on analogue principles. But what are these digital architectural heritage knowledge platforms in South Africa? Where are they located and how is information curated? How accessible is the information and how useful is it for heritage assessment practitioners? This article will describe the development of analogue architectural platforms and their development into digital formats. Thereafter, the nature of architectural heritage practice in South Africa will be defined through an assessment of legislation and professional practice. Then the types of information needed for architectural heritage practice to be effective will be explained. A selection of currently available architecturally related heritage platforms (with a digital bias) will be located and described, followed by a critique of their effectiveness. A number of case studies will then be highlighted to determine the effectiveness of the work of heritage assessment practitioners. The article will conclude by suggesting ways of adding value to current, and future, digital information platforms to cater to the pressing needs of architectural heritage practice in South Africa.
{"title":"Platforms of knowledge: architectural heritage practice and the information age in South Africa","authors":"Arthur Barker, J. Swart","doi":"10.4995/var.2020.12234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12234","url":null,"abstract":"The intellectual basis for preservation and conservation is formed by the study, record and dissemination of the works of humanity. Due to the negative impacts of exponential city growth, through densification and the impact of climate change, more considered design approaches need to be made for the reuse and adaptation of buildings in historical contexts. The fast pace of project design, and implementation, in the 21 st century, has fostered the need for directly accessible architectural heritage knowledge. Therefore, architectural heritage practice demands access to curated information to ensure considered, and appropriate, design responses. This is important, not only for heritage and other related practitioners, but also for researchers and students. The advent of the Information Age initiated new methodologies for archiving knowledge. These developments provided architectural heritage practice with extended platforms of knowledge, either born-digital or founded on analogue principles. But what are these digital architectural heritage knowledge platforms in South Africa? Where are they located and how is information curated? How accessible is the information and how useful is it for heritage assessment practitioners? This article will describe the development of analogue architectural platforms and their development into digital formats. Thereafter, the nature of architectural heritage practice in South Africa will be defined through an assessment of legislation and professional practice. Then the types of information needed for architectural heritage practice to be effective will be explained. A selection of currently available architecturally related heritage platforms (with a digital bias) will be located and described, followed by a critique of their effectiveness. A number of case studies will then be highlighted to determine the effectiveness of the work of heritage assessment practitioners. The article will conclude by suggesting ways of adding value to current, and future, digital information platforms to cater to the pressing needs of architectural heritage practice in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42949286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Stampouloglou, O. Toska, Sevi Tapinaki, Georgia Kontogianni, M. Skamantzari, A. Georgopoulos
Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough study. Archaeologists and conservation experts are very reluctant to proceed to restoration and indeed to reconstruction actions without detailed consultation and thought. Nowadays, anastylosis executed on the real object is practically prohibited. Contemporary technologies have provided archaeologists and other conservation experts with the tools to embark on virtual restorations or anastyloses, thus testing various alternatives without physical intervention on the monument itself. In this way, the values of the monuments are respected according to international conventions. In this paper, two such examples of virtual archaeological anastyloses of two important Macedonian tombs in northern Greece are presented. The anastyloses were performed on three-dimensional (3D) models which have been produced using modern digital 3D documentation techniques, such as image-based modelling and terrestrial laser scanning. The reader is introduced to the history and importance –as well as the peculiarities– of the Macedonian tombs. In addition, the two tombs are described in detail mainly from an archaeological point of view The process of field data acquisition and processing to produce the 3D models are described. Simple and more or less standard methods were employed in acquiring the raw data. Processing was carried out using commercial software. The resulting 3D models and other documentation products are assessed for their accuracy and completeness. The decisions for the virtual anastylosis are explained in detail and the actual process is also described. The restored monuments are presented and evaluated by the conservation experts. Thus, it is shown how important virtual anastylosis of monuments is to archaeological researchers, as it enables them to conduct in-depth studies, without actually tampering with the monuments themselves. Digital 3D models are contributing to many disciplines, especially in archaeology, as they enable a wider audience to easily access both archaeological and geometric information as well as offering a high degree of interaction possibilities.
{"title":"Archaeological anastylosis of two Macedonian tombs in a 3D virtual environment","authors":"M. Stampouloglou, O. Toska, Sevi Tapinaki, Georgia Kontogianni, M. Skamantzari, A. Georgopoulos","doi":"10.4995/VAR.2020.11877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/VAR.2020.11877","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough study. Archaeologists and conservation experts are very reluctant to proceed to restoration and indeed to reconstruction actions without detailed consultation and thought. Nowadays, anastylosis executed on the real object is practically prohibited. Contemporary technologies have provided archaeologists and other conservation experts with the tools to embark on virtual restorations or anastyloses, thus testing various alternatives without physical intervention on the monument itself. In this way, the values of the monuments are respected according to international conventions. In this paper, two such examples of virtual archaeological anastyloses of two important Macedonian tombs in northern Greece are presented. The anastyloses were performed on three-dimensional (3D) models which have been produced using modern digital 3D documentation techniques, such as image-based modelling and terrestrial laser scanning. The reader is introduced to the history and importance –as well as the peculiarities– of the Macedonian tombs. In addition, the two tombs are described in detail mainly from an archaeological point of view The process of field data acquisition and processing to produce the 3D models are described. Simple and more or less standard methods were employed in acquiring the raw data. Processing was carried out using commercial software. The resulting 3D models and other documentation products are assessed for their accuracy and completeness. The decisions for the virtual anastylosis are explained in detail and the actual process is also described. The restored monuments are presented and evaluated by the conservation experts. Thus, it is shown how important virtual anastylosis of monuments is to archaeological researchers, as it enables them to conduct in-depth studies, without actually tampering with the monuments themselves. Digital 3D models are contributing to many disciplines, especially in archaeology, as they enable a wider audience to easily access both archaeological and geometric information as well as offering a high degree of interaction possibilities.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on examining the scope of virtual architectural archaeology in forms of digital geospatial platforms and immersive tools such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) to be used for achieving social cohesion, particularly in a multicultural and multi-ethnic society like Australia’s. In the context of the current global and national concern about Muslims and Islam, as well as for the mistrust towards and distance between Muslims and Non-Muslims in Australia, it is imperative to delve deeper into the contribution of early Muslim pioneers, in this case, the Afghan Cameleers, in the social fabric of colonial Australia. Based on the premise that architecture could be a unique and revealing research frame to gain insight into human values, worldview and material culture, the main aim of this paper is to address two key issues using virtual architectural archaeology. Firstly, to demonstrate the application of 4D capturing and component-based modelling with metadata and paradata regarding the past of the lost architectural heritage sites in remote central and western Australia, also counting on assets such as Linked Open Data (LOD) for further dissemination and use. Secondly, to propose a mode to disseminate new knowledge through digital platforms and VR/AR experiences to the GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums) audiences and schools regarding the Muslims in Australia. Understanding properly them and their contribution to the Australian society would eventually minimise the cultural distance between Muslims and Non-Muslims in Australia. Greater awareness could mitigate the myth of fear and mistrust regarding Muslims and Islam, widely misunderstood for a long time. Highlights: Architectural-archaeological heritage as a tool for achieving social cohesion and to minimise cultural/social differences between Muslims and non-Muslims in Australia. 4D capturing and digital geospatial platforms for contextualising architectural-archaeological heritage in a spatial and chronological way. Gamified and non-gamified Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications to engage the general public with architectural-archaeological heritage from remote, hard-to-access areas.
{"title":"Geospatial platforms and immersive tools for social cohesion: the 4D narrative of architecture of Australia’s Afghan cameleers","authors":"M. Rashid, K. Antlej","doi":"10.4995/var.2020.12230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12230","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on examining the scope of virtual architectural archaeology in forms of digital geospatial platforms and immersive tools such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) to be used for achieving social cohesion, particularly in a multicultural and multi-ethnic society like Australia’s. In the context of the current global and national concern about Muslims and Islam, as well as for the mistrust towards and distance between Muslims and Non-Muslims in Australia, it is imperative to delve deeper into the contribution of early Muslim pioneers, in this case, the Afghan Cameleers, in the social fabric of colonial Australia. Based on the premise that architecture could be a unique and revealing research frame to gain insight into human values, worldview and material culture, the main aim of this paper is to address two key issues using virtual architectural archaeology. Firstly, to demonstrate the application of 4D capturing and component-based modelling with metadata and paradata regarding the past of the lost architectural heritage sites in remote central and western Australia, also counting on assets such as Linked Open Data (LOD) for further dissemination and use. Secondly, to propose a mode to disseminate new knowledge through digital platforms and VR/AR experiences to the GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums) audiences and schools regarding the Muslims in Australia. Understanding properly them and their contribution to the Australian society would eventually minimise the cultural distance between Muslims and Non-Muslims in Australia. Greater awareness could mitigate the myth of fear and mistrust regarding Muslims and Islam, widely misunderstood for a long time. Highlights: Architectural-archaeological heritage as a tool for achieving social cohesion and to minimise cultural/social differences between Muslims and non-Muslims in Australia. 4D capturing and digital geospatial platforms for contextualising architectural-archaeological heritage in a spatial and chronological way. Gamified and non-gamified Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications to engage the general public with architectural-archaeological heritage from remote, hard-to-access areas.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42412099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Antonio Benavides López, José Mª Martín Civantos, Jorge Rouco Collazo
This paper presents an applied methodology for the graphic documentation, analysis and criteria determination for the protection and conservation of built heritage. One of the main risks when restoring medieval rammed earth architecture is the lacking of an optimal graphic base of its structures. This paper’s main objective is the holistic knowledge of the Pinar fortress (Granada), analysis the building sequence from an archaeological perspective, and performing a rigorous 3D survey of its structures as a fundamental procedure. This survey was carried out applying the new technologies in graphic documentation: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based multi-image photogrammetry and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) processing. The new systems of aerial three-dimensional (3D) capture and representation are changing the paradigm in the architectural heritage documentation, being much more efficient and precise. This high-quality documentation is fundamental for the archaeological research of the fortress’ building sequence, remarkably easing research as well as results dissemination. The constructive techniques and building sequence study made with archaeological methodology has revealed the complex historical evolution of Pinar fortress, since it was built in the Almohad period, with important transformations in Nasrid and Castilian periods. These alterations in such a narrow span of time shed light on the importance of this fortification in the border organization in the Late Middle Ages. The experimentation with Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools applied to heritage (HBIM) is showing its great potential in processing data linked to conceptual models, integrating graphic documentation with archaeological and historical interpretation. Nevertheless, the complexity of historical buildings and the hard work of manual modelling are making its wider use in archaeology difficult. The BIM model of Pinar fortress has been enriched with data such as type of material, building technique, chronology, pathologies and modifications, differentiating the historical phases with specific colours to make its identification easier. Its aim is to acquire a better knowledge of the fortress historical evolution, thus allowing the creation of conservation and protection strategies. The holistic knowledge of a building is a complex task that requires the work of different professionals. The ones in charge of the graphic documentation must know the survey objectives and the needs of the rest of the team. The current and future management of heritage requires professionals working on conservation with updated skills in digital technologies. The results of public heritage research with these technologies should be in open access platforms to be used by all researchers and professionals that could need them.
{"title":"Levantamiento arquitectónico y análisis arqueológico del castillo de Píñar como punto de partida para su conservación","authors":"José Antonio Benavides López, José Mª Martín Civantos, Jorge Rouco Collazo","doi":"10.4995/var.2020.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12397","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an applied methodology for the graphic documentation, analysis and criteria determination for the protection and conservation of built heritage. One of the main risks when restoring medieval rammed earth architecture is the lacking of an optimal graphic base of its structures. This paper’s main objective is the holistic knowledge of the Pinar fortress (Granada), analysis the building sequence from an archaeological perspective, and performing a rigorous 3D survey of its structures as a fundamental procedure. This survey was carried out applying the new technologies in graphic documentation: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based multi-image photogrammetry and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) processing. The new systems of aerial three-dimensional (3D) capture and representation are changing the paradigm in the architectural heritage documentation, being much more efficient and precise. This high-quality documentation is fundamental for the archaeological research of the fortress’ building sequence, remarkably easing research as well as results dissemination. The constructive techniques and building sequence study made with archaeological methodology has revealed the complex historical evolution of Pinar fortress, since it was built in the Almohad period, with important transformations in Nasrid and Castilian periods. These alterations in such a narrow span of time shed light on the importance of this fortification in the border organization in the Late Middle Ages. The experimentation with Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools applied to heritage (HBIM) is showing its great potential in processing data linked to conceptual models, integrating graphic documentation with archaeological and historical interpretation. Nevertheless, the complexity of historical buildings and the hard work of manual modelling are making its wider use in archaeology difficult. The BIM model of Pinar fortress has been enriched with data such as type of material, building technique, chronology, pathologies and modifications, differentiating the historical phases with specific colours to make its identification easier. Its aim is to acquire a better knowledge of the fortress historical evolution, thus allowing the creation of conservation and protection strategies. The holistic knowledge of a building is a complex task that requires the work of different professionals. The ones in charge of the graphic documentation must know the survey objectives and the needs of the rest of the team. The current and future management of heritage requires professionals working on conservation with updated skills in digital technologies. The results of public heritage research with these technologies should be in open access platforms to be used by all researchers and professionals that could need them.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preservation of historical weapons requires continual and careful maintenance. Digital three-dimensional (3D) scanning can assist in preservation and analysis by generating a 3D computer model. New Zealand presents a special case for historical preservation, owing to the rapid import of European goods in a culture previously unexposed to metalworking. This, and the subsequent British colonization, led to upheaval and war. The most intense conflict between British and Maori forces was in the New Zealand Land Wars of the mid-19 th century. The primary handheld firearms used in this period were black-powder muzzle-loaders, and the variety of armed factions involved in the war resulted in an eclectic range of weapons used. Two antique muzzle-loading pistols from this period were scanned and analyzed. Insights were gained into the history of double-barreled muzzle-loading pistols and transitional revolvers. The double-barreled pistol was determined to have been a flintlock pistol from a century prior to the Land Wars, later converted to percussion cap ignition. The transitional revolver was an intermediate step between the multi-barrel pepperbox pistol and the “true” revolver, but it remained in use throughout the Victorian era. Both types of firearms were effectively obsolete elsewhere in the world by the time of the Land Wars, but the conflict created a demand for a variety of weapons. While the pistols analyzed in this study are decommissioned and no longer in working order, the 3D models made from the samples afforded a unique glimpse into New Zealand’s history. The methodology detailed over the course of the study can be applied to other historical firearms in order to facilitate preservation, investigation, and experimentation. Highlights: Preservation of historical machines requires continual maintenance, including replacement of worn or missing parts. A combination of 3D scanning and digital models was used to analyze two antique pistols from New Zealand: a converted flintlock pistol and a transitional revolver. The method of making and analyzing digital models detailed in this study offers a way to facilitate historical preservation, experimental archaeology, and functional analysis.
{"title":"A functional analysis of two 3D-scanned antique pistols from New Zealand","authors":"J. LaRocco, D. Paeng","doi":"10.4995/var.2020.12676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12676","url":null,"abstract":"Preservation of historical weapons requires continual and careful maintenance. Digital three-dimensional (3D) scanning can assist in preservation and analysis by generating a 3D computer model. New Zealand presents a special case for historical preservation, owing to the rapid import of European goods in a culture previously unexposed to metalworking. This, and the subsequent British colonization, led to upheaval and war. The most intense conflict between British and Maori forces was in the New Zealand Land Wars of the mid-19 th century. The primary handheld firearms used in this period were black-powder muzzle-loaders, and the variety of armed factions involved in the war resulted in an eclectic range of weapons used. Two antique muzzle-loading pistols from this period were scanned and analyzed. Insights were gained into the history of double-barreled muzzle-loading pistols and transitional revolvers. The double-barreled pistol was determined to have been a flintlock pistol from a century prior to the Land Wars, later converted to percussion cap ignition. The transitional revolver was an intermediate step between the multi-barrel pepperbox pistol and the “true” revolver, but it remained in use throughout the Victorian era. Both types of firearms were effectively obsolete elsewhere in the world by the time of the Land Wars, but the conflict created a demand for a variety of weapons. While the pistols analyzed in this study are decommissioned and no longer in working order, the 3D models made from the samples afforded a unique glimpse into New Zealand’s history. The methodology detailed over the course of the study can be applied to other historical firearms in order to facilitate preservation, investigation, and experimentation. Highlights: Preservation of historical machines requires continual maintenance, including replacement of worn or missing parts. A combination of 3D scanning and digital models was used to analyze two antique pistols from New Zealand: a converted flintlock pistol and a transitional revolver. The method of making and analyzing digital models detailed in this study offers a way to facilitate historical preservation, experimental archaeology, and functional analysis.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolEl actual Palacio del Almirante de Aragon, en Valencia (Espana), monumento historico artistico desde 1944, es el resultado de la suma de varias intervenciones arquitectonicas a lo largo del tiempo. Tradicionalmente y a nivel disciplinar, se ha tomado este edificio como un paradigma de los palacios bajomedievales, construidos en los territorios del antiguo imperio aragones. Los principales elementos arquitectonicos existentes en este monumento, incluso en epoca moderna, se han considerado como originales, o al menos ejecutados durante el siglo XVI. Este extremo tiene su explicacion en que dichas intervenciones se realizaron “en estilo” y con pericia, tal como se solia hacer en aquella epoca en nuestro pais. Este articulo da cuenta de una serie de obras efectuadas en el edificio, todas ellas desconocidas, durante la primera parte del siglo XX (1902-1935). Estas obras, anteriores a una actuacion integral e institucional realizada en 1987, afectaron a su patio, pero tambien alteraron de forma importante el volumen del edificio. El texto, apoyandose en documentacion inedita, identifica y data estas intervenciones, aclarando a los autores y los trabajos acometidos. Se presta especial atencion al patio central del palacio, como elemento claramente singularizador del monumento. La investigacion se ha apoyado, en una busqueda documental en archivos, publicos y privados, asi como en un detenido estudio de los elementos alterados, en visitas al propio edificio. Para comprobar con mayor claridad la evolucion y el alcance de las antedichas intervenciones, se han interpretado con modelados graficos en 3D, tanto en el caso del patio como en el del volumen de todo el edificio. Estos modelados dan una idea bastante exacta de sus distintas fases de transformacion hasta adoptar su aspecto actual.Highlights:En este articulo se aclara documentalmente que elementos del patio del palacio de los Almirantes de Aragon se cambiaron y/o anadieron en la primera mitad del siglo XX.Se realiza un estudio evolutivo del monumento que se centra con detalle en el patio del palacio, pero tambien se acomete un estudio general de la evolucion volumetrica del edificio.El estudio, que se plantea desde un punto de vista cientifico, se basa en un trabajo de archivos exhaustivo, manejando documentacion completamente inedita y visitando el monumento. EnglishThe Palace of the Admirals of Aragon is in the city of Valencia, Spain. It was built in the Gothic style of the Valencian self-governing period, and has always been an “architectonic type” reference of this era. Referring to the building itself, there are two elements to highlight because of their interest. The first is its courtyard, which fits into the developed standards in all states of the old Crown of Aragon, talking about either the ones currently in Spain or those existing in France or Italy. Because of that, researchers came up with the term “Mediterranean Gothic” to define this style, since there are currently different
目前位于西班牙巴伦西亚的阿拉贡海军上将宫(Palacio del Almirante de Aragon)，自1944年以来一直是历史艺术纪念碑，是多年来各种建筑干预的结果。传统上，在学科层面上，这座建筑被视为中世纪晚期宫殿的典范，建于古阿拉贡帝国的领土上。这座纪念碑的主要建筑元素，即使在现代，也被认为是原始的，或至少是在16世纪执行的。这一事实可以解释为，这些干预措施是“有风格的”和专业的，就像当时在我国通常做的那样。这篇文章描述了在20世纪早期(1902-1935)，在这座建筑中进行的一系列不为人知的工作。这些作品，在1987年完成的整体和机构行动之前，影响了它的庭院，但也显著地改变了建筑的体积。本文以文献为基础，对这些干预措施进行了识别和数据收集，澄清了作者和所涉及的工作。特别注意宫殿的中央庭院，作为纪念碑的独特元素。这项研究是基于对公共和私人档案的文献搜索，以及对改变元素的仔细研究，以及对建筑本身的访问。为了更清楚地检查上述干预措施的演变和范围，他们用3D图形建模来解释，无论是在庭院的情况下，还是在整个建筑的体量。这些模型提供了一个相当准确的想法，不同的转换阶段，直到采用它现在的外观。亮点:这篇文章记录了阿拉贡海军上将宫殿庭院的元素在20世纪上半叶被改变和/或增加。对纪念碑进行了进化研究，重点是宫殿庭院的细节，但也对建筑的体量进化进行了一般研究。这项研究从科学的角度提出，是基于详尽的档案工作，处理完全未出版的文件和参观纪念碑。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该镇的土地面积为。It was built in the Gothic style of the Valencian self-governing period, and always得到an“architectonic type of this是参考。具体指的是the building本身,there are two》强调是因为其利益。第一个是它的courtyard，它符合所有国家的标准，旧的皇冠阿拉贡，关于西班牙或法国或意大利的标准。是因为,研究来up with the“地中海Gothic”一词定义这个style, there are目前不同地理区域不同国家应。这个庭院将是本文的主要研究目标;= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。The second element提出了this building unique is its ceilings of carved在我woodwork。直到目前day this宫仅得到11 refurbishment in 1987),根据书面记录。这篇论文的目的是表明，尽管庭院一直被用作展示瓦伦西亚哥特式风格的最佳方式，但它的许多元素在20世纪的前半期被添加了。In this research, it can be deduced是至少三technicians In the period 1902年与30s跳动。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为，其中土地面积为，其中土地面积为。在20世纪20年代后期，建筑师Joaquin Rieta Sister接管了这项工作，他负责修复庭院的原始状态，在Rieta的工作之前，它的地板拱门已经被蒙住了。我opened这些arcs by creating new wall差距和定期installing windows里面。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。最后,我demolished the上floor facade,将发展为balcony using the attic metallic handrails。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。我维持着working on the courtyard、办公室以及the最后storage房间left and making in the east facade三new差距,inspired by existing Neogothic doors。我demolished Rieta balconies,以及在转上floor有用space into that met the requirements of the building to be用作学校。戈麦斯Davo增加了the building ' s height by将发展this为已关闭上floor space and reconstructed the ashlar wall adding bilobed Gothic windows。 从那一刻起，庭院由一层和两层完整的上层组成。无论是Rieta的设计，还是Gomez的设计，都可以被认为是“时髦的”，因为当时修缮历史建筑是主流时尚，至少在西班牙是这样。由于对边缘的处理，突出Gomez的新作品或翻新作品是很有趣的，因此可以将新作品与旧作品区分开来。在Rieta的干预下，阁楼变成了一个阳台，在拆除后，有一个水平连接，清晰地穿过庭院的周边。该部分还展示了其水平的现代干预处理，并在新的阁楼围护结构中使用了新的浅色石材，因此两个区域可以区分开来。戈麦斯进行的干预并不像丽塔那样只关注庭院。在他的档案中，有大量的书面和图形材料可以近似地描述他对这座纪念碑的干预。虽然这项研究的主要目的是展示庭院作为宫殿的单一元素的现代变化，但它试图在附件中简要地反映这些干预。出于这个原因，已经建立了庭院和建筑的3D模型，以最准确地了解随着时间的推移，建筑发生了什么。庭院的造型包括三个历史时刻:Rieta介入之前，Rieta介入之后，Gomez介入之后。建筑的建模包括Gomez介入之前、介入之后、1987年介入之前和完成之后。文章还反映了“时髦”干预的危险，因为这些因素被误认为是原始的，因此可能会引起研究人员的混淆。今天，由于考古学家、修复师和传统的建筑师和测量师团队的参与，在有利于历史真实性方面取得了进展，他们专门致力于这些工作。现在我们可能在某些方面有了不同的，也许更专业的视野，从而保证了更好的工作效果。
{"title":"Las intervenciones arquitectónicas en el Palacio del Almirante de Aragón en Valencia (principios del siglo XX)","authors":"Antonio Miguel Gómez Gil","doi":"10.4995/var.2020.11441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.11441","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl actual Palacio del Almirante de Aragon, en Valencia (Espana), monumento historico artistico desde 1944, es el resultado de la suma de varias intervenciones arquitectonicas a lo largo del tiempo. Tradicionalmente y a nivel disciplinar, se ha tomado este edificio como un paradigma de los palacios bajomedievales, construidos en los territorios del antiguo imperio aragones. Los principales elementos arquitectonicos existentes en este monumento, incluso en epoca moderna, se han considerado como originales, o al menos ejecutados durante el siglo XVI. Este extremo tiene su explicacion en que dichas intervenciones se realizaron “en estilo” y con pericia, tal como se solia hacer en aquella epoca en nuestro pais. Este articulo da cuenta de una serie de obras efectuadas en el edificio, todas ellas desconocidas, durante la primera parte del siglo XX (1902-1935). Estas obras, anteriores a una actuacion integral e institucional realizada en 1987, afectaron a su patio, pero tambien alteraron de forma importante el volumen del edificio. El texto, apoyandose en documentacion inedita, identifica y data estas intervenciones, aclarando a los autores y los trabajos acometidos. Se presta especial atencion al patio central del palacio, como elemento claramente singularizador del monumento. La investigacion se ha apoyado, en una busqueda documental en archivos, publicos y privados, asi como en un detenido estudio de los elementos alterados, en visitas al propio edificio. Para comprobar con mayor claridad la evolucion y el alcance de las antedichas intervenciones, se han interpretado con modelados graficos en 3D, tanto en el caso del patio como en el del volumen de todo el edificio. Estos modelados dan una idea bastante exacta de sus distintas fases de transformacion hasta adoptar su aspecto actual.Highlights:En este articulo se aclara documentalmente que elementos del patio del palacio de los Almirantes de Aragon se cambiaron y/o anadieron en la primera mitad del siglo XX.Se realiza un estudio evolutivo del monumento que se centra con detalle en el patio del palacio, pero tambien se acomete un estudio general de la evolucion volumetrica del edificio.El estudio, que se plantea desde un punto de vista cientifico, se basa en un trabajo de archivos exhaustivo, manejando documentacion completamente inedita y visitando el monumento. EnglishThe Palace of the Admirals of Aragon is in the city of Valencia, Spain. It was built in the Gothic style of the Valencian self-governing period, and has always been an “architectonic type” reference of this era. Referring to the building itself, there are two elements to highlight because of their interest. The first is its courtyard, which fits into the developed standards in all states of the old Crown of Aragon, talking about either the ones currently in Spain or those existing in France or Italy. Because of that, researchers came up with the term “Mediterranean Gothic” to define this style, since there are currently different ","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41696037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last two decades, contemporary society has been conceptualized and discussed around the assumption that digital technologies are its most defining feature. Jean Baudrillard’s take on the Fable of Borges suggests a replacement of the physical world by a virtual experiencing life, setting the tone for a pessimistic and somewhat fearful attitude towards technological development. On the verge of the dissemination of disruptive innovations that can be described under the “umbrella” of Internet of Things (IoT), we observe not a replacement, but a deep and complex intertwining of online and offline experiences, sketching the contours of what can become a phygital society. This alternative conceptualization of our contemporary society, combined with the possibilities of technological development, affords new opportunities for the expression and experiencing of culture, and also for the creative industries. In our research, we explore the impact of one augmented reality (AR) app designed for one of the landmarks of the Portuguese cultural heritage, Quinta da Regaleira. We explored this single-case study using qualitative data collection techniques, aiming to discuss the positive and negative outcomes of this innovation, both for the dynamizing of cultural heritage, and for the visitors. The article provides useful information for heritage spaces that wish to follow this path. It describes the main steps to be taken in the production of content and provides examples of the narrative model that helps people to visit the space and obtain information, knowing stories relevant to the past and present of the cultural heritage. The objective is to clarify, finally, due to the research developed in the Quinta da Regaleira case study, what kind of stories and experiences can be narrated, the strengths of this application, its limitations, and paths for future investigations.
在过去的二十年里，当代社会一直围绕着数字技术是其最具决定性特征的假设进行概念化和讨论。让·鲍德里亚(Jean Baudrillard)对博尔赫斯寓言(Fable of Borges)的诠释表明，虚拟体验生活取代了现实世界，为对技术发展的悲观和有些恐惧的态度奠定了基调。在物联网(IoT)“保护伞”下的颠覆性创新传播的边缘，我们看到的不是替代品，而是线上和线下体验的深刻而复杂的交织，勾勒出可能成为数字社会的轮廓。这种对当代社会的另类概念化与技术发展的可能性相结合，为文化的表达和体验以及创意产业提供了新的机会。在我们的研究中，我们探讨了一款为葡萄牙文化遗产地标之一——金塔达雷加雷亚(Quinta da Regaleira)设计的增强现实(AR)应用程序的影响。我们使用定性数据收集技术探索了这一单一案例研究，旨在讨论这一创新的积极和消极结果，既为文化遗产的活力，也为游客。这篇文章为希望遵循这条道路的遗产空间提供了有用的信息。它描述了在内容生产中要采取的主要步骤，并提供了叙事模式的例子，帮助人们参观空间和获取信息，了解与文化遗产的过去和现在相关的故事。最后，我们的目的是澄清，由于在金塔达雷加莱拉案例研究中发展起来的研究，什么样的故事和经历可以被叙述，这种应用的优势，它的局限性，以及未来调查的路径。
{"title":"A phygital approach to cultural heritage: augmented reality at Regaleira","authors":"José Gabriel Andrade, Patrícia Dias","doi":"10.4995/var.2020.11663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.11663","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, contemporary society has been conceptualized and discussed around the assumption that digital technologies are its most defining feature. Jean Baudrillard’s take on the Fable of Borges suggests a replacement of the physical world by a virtual experiencing life, setting the tone for a pessimistic and somewhat fearful attitude towards technological development. On the verge of the dissemination of disruptive innovations that can be described under the “umbrella” of Internet of Things (IoT), we observe not a replacement, but a deep and complex intertwining of online and offline experiences, sketching the contours of what can become a phygital society. This alternative conceptualization of our contemporary society, combined with the possibilities of technological development, affords new opportunities for the expression and experiencing of culture, and also for the creative industries. In our research, we explore the impact of one augmented reality (AR) app designed for one of the landmarks of the Portuguese cultural heritage, Quinta da Regaleira. We explored this single-case study using qualitative data collection techniques, aiming to discuss the positive and negative outcomes of this innovation, both for the dynamizing of cultural heritage, and for the visitors. The article provides useful information for heritage spaces that wish to follow this path. It describes the main steps to be taken in the production of content and provides examples of the narrative model that helps people to visit the space and obtain information, knowing stories relevant to the past and present of the cultural heritage. The objective is to clarify, finally, due to the research developed in the Quinta da Regaleira case study, what kind of stories and experiences can be narrated, the strengths of this application, its limitations, and paths for future investigations.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48476308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Malinverni, R. Pierdicca, F. Di Stefano, R. Gabrielli, A. Albiero
Umm ar-Rasas is a Jordan archaeological site, located 30 km southeast of the city of Madaba, in the northern part of Wadi Mujib. It preserves findings dating back the period from the end of 3rd to the 9th century AD and, since 2004, it belongs to the world heritage list of UNESCO. In 2015 a multidisciplinary work was undertaken over the archaeological site, mainly focusing on the Church of Saint Stephen, with the main purpose of enhancing the knowledge and documenting the conservation state of the polychrome mosaic floor, which covers the entire surface of the hall and presbytery. A huge amount of data has been collected, coming from archaeological and historical investigations, geophysics and geodetic inspections and geomatics surveying, which produced also a true orthophoto of the mosaic floor. Data has been organized in a geo-database, facilitating the exchange of information between different actors. Moreover, the management of data within a dedicated Geographic Information System (GIS), has allowed in-depth analysis for understanding the evolution of the iconographic repertoire that, over the centuries, has undergone several disfigurements due to the iconoclastic age. The knowledge of the mosaic has also been vital for the implementation of multimedia applications and for the creation of virtual experiences, in which the information can be conveyed and visualized directly on the virtual reconstruction of the whole archaeological site. The innovation of the proposed work, is therefore in the management of a data flow that can be exploited by different actors through different platforms: experts, thanks to the use of GIS, and visitors with the use of multimedia applications (such as Augmented Reality (AR) or highresolution web visualization) for dissemination purposes, in order to preserve this priceless mankind heritage.Highlights:Definition of a complete pipeline ranging from data acquisition to visualization in multi-channel multimedia applications.Management of heterogeneous data in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their exploitation in Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR).GIS applied to the archaeological domain for expert and non-expert users.
Umm ar Rasas是约旦的一个考古遗址，位于瓦迪·穆吉布北部的马达巴市东南30公里处。它保存了可追溯到公元3世纪末至9世纪的发现，自2004年以来，它被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。2015年，对考古遗址进行了一项多学科的工作，主要集中在圣斯蒂芬教堂，主要目的是提高知识并记录多色马赛克地板的保护状态，该地板覆盖了大厅和长老会的整个表面。从考古和历史调查、地球物理和大地测量以及地学测量中收集了大量数据，这些数据还产生了马赛克地板的真实正射照片。数据被组织在一个地理数据库中，促进了不同行为者之间的信息交流。此外，在专门的地理信息系统（GIS）中对数据进行管理，使人们能够深入分析，以了解图像库的演变。几个世纪以来，由于破坏图像的时代，图像库经历了一些缺陷。马赛克的知识对于多媒体应用程序的实施和虚拟体验的创建也至关重要，在虚拟体验中，信息可以直接在整个考古遗址的虚拟重建中传达和可视化。因此，拟议工作的创新之处在于管理数据流，不同的参与者可以通过不同的平台利用数据流：由于使用了地理信息系统，专家和访客可以使用多媒体应用程序（如增强现实或高分辨率网络可视化）进行传播，以保护这一宝贵的人类遗产。亮点：定义了从数据采集到多通道多媒体应用程序可视化的完整管道。地理信息系统（GIS）中异构数据的管理及其在增强现实和虚拟现实（AR/VR）中的开发。GIS应用于考古领域，供专家和非专家用户使用。
{"title":"Virtual museum enriched by GIS data to share science and culture. Church of Saint Stephen in Umm Ar-Rasas (Jordan)","authors":"E. Malinverni, R. Pierdicca, F. Di Stefano, R. Gabrielli, A. Albiero","doi":"10.4995/VAR.2019.11919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/VAR.2019.11919","url":null,"abstract":"Umm ar-Rasas is a Jordan archaeological site, located 30 km southeast of the city of Madaba, in the northern part of Wadi Mujib. It preserves findings dating back the period from the end of 3rd to the 9th century AD and, since 2004, it belongs to the world heritage list of UNESCO. In 2015 a multidisciplinary work was undertaken over the archaeological site, mainly focusing on the Church of Saint Stephen, with the main purpose of enhancing the knowledge and documenting the conservation state of the polychrome mosaic floor, which covers the entire surface of the hall and presbytery. A huge amount of data has been collected, coming from archaeological and historical investigations, geophysics and geodetic inspections and geomatics surveying, which produced also a true orthophoto of the mosaic floor. Data has been organized in a geo-database, facilitating the exchange of information between different actors. Moreover, the management of data within a dedicated Geographic Information System (GIS), has allowed in-depth analysis for understanding the evolution of the iconographic repertoire that, over the centuries, has undergone several disfigurements due to the iconoclastic age. The knowledge of the mosaic has also been vital for the implementation of multimedia applications and for the creation of virtual experiences, in which the information can be conveyed and visualized directly on the virtual reconstruction of the whole archaeological site. The innovation of the proposed work, is therefore in the management of a data flow that can be exploited by different actors through different platforms: experts, thanks to the use of GIS, and visitors with the use of multimedia applications (such as Augmented Reality (AR) or highresolution web visualization) for dissemination purposes, in order to preserve this priceless mankind heritage.Highlights:Definition of a complete pipeline ranging from data acquisition to visualization in multi-channel multimedia applications.Management of heterogeneous data in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their exploitation in Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR).GIS applied to the archaeological domain for expert and non-expert users.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45344449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferdinand Maiwald, J. Bruschke, C. Lehmann, Florian Niebling
This contribution shows the comparison, investigation, and implementation of different access strategies on multimodal data. The first part of the research is structured as a theoretical part opposing and explaining the terms of conventional access, virtual archival access, and virtual museums while additionally referencing related work. Especially, issues that still persist in repositories like the ambiguity or missing of metadata is pointed out. The second part explains the practical implementation of a workflow from a large image repository to various four-dimensional applications. Mainly, the filtering of images and in the following, the orientation of images is explained. Selection of the relevant images is partly done manually but also with the use of deep convolutional neural networks for image classification. In the following, photogrammetric methods are used for finding the relative orientation between image pairs in a projective frame. For this purpose, an adapted Structure from Motion (SfM) workflow is presented, in which the step of feature detection and matching is replaced by the Radiant-Invariant Feature Transform (RIFT) and Matching On Demand with View Synthesis (MODS). Both methods have been evaluated on a benchmark dataset and performed superior than other approaches. Subsequently, the oriented images are placed interactively and in the future automatically in a 4D browser application showing images, maps, and building models Further usage scenarios are presented in several Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. The new representation of the archival data enables spatial and temporal browsing of repositories allowing the research of innovative perspectives and the uncovering of historical details.Highlights:Strategies for a completely automated workflow from image repositories to four-dimensional (4D) access approaches.The orientation of historical images using adapted and evaluated feature matching methods.4D access methods for historical images and 3D models using web technologies and Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR).
{"title":"A 4D information system for the exploration of multitemporal images and maps using photogrammetry, web technologies and VR/AR","authors":"Ferdinand Maiwald, J. Bruschke, C. Lehmann, Florian Niebling","doi":"10.4995/VAR.2019.11867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/VAR.2019.11867","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution shows the comparison, investigation, and implementation of different access strategies on multimodal data. The first part of the research is structured as a theoretical part opposing and explaining the terms of conventional access, virtual archival access, and virtual museums while additionally referencing related work. Especially, issues that still persist in repositories like the ambiguity or missing of metadata is pointed out. The second part explains the practical implementation of a workflow from a large image repository to various four-dimensional applications. Mainly, the filtering of images and in the following, the orientation of images is explained. Selection of the relevant images is partly done manually but also with the use of deep convolutional neural networks for image classification. In the following, photogrammetric methods are used for finding the relative orientation between image pairs in a projective frame. For this purpose, an adapted Structure from Motion (SfM) workflow is presented, in which the step of feature detection and matching is replaced by the Radiant-Invariant Feature Transform (RIFT) and Matching On Demand with View Synthesis (MODS). Both methods have been evaluated on a benchmark dataset and performed superior than other approaches. Subsequently, the oriented images are placed interactively and in the future automatically in a 4D browser application showing images, maps, and building models Further usage scenarios are presented in several Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. The new representation of the archival data enables spatial and temporal browsing of repositories allowing the research of innovative perspectives and the uncovering of historical details.Highlights:Strategies for a completely automated workflow from image repositories to four-dimensional (4D) access approaches.The orientation of historical images using adapted and evaluated feature matching methods.4D access methods for historical images and 3D models using web technologies and Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR). ","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spatial characteristics of museum exhibitions may limit visitors’ experience of the artefacts on display. In the case of large artefacts, limited space may affect their whole visualization, or inhibit the visualization of the details farthest from the observer. In other cases, the storage of artefacts in distant sites (museums or archaeological areas) may influence their knowledge process or the possibility for comparative analysis. Moreover, the precarious state of preservation of some artefacts, with damaged or missing parts, makes it difficult to perceive their original appearance. To overcome these limitations, we propose an integrated approach based on 3D virtual models and Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance the fruition of artefacts, improving their visualization, analysis and personal/shared knowledge, also by overcoming space and time constraints. The final AR application is an easily accessible tool for most users from a mobile device, used both inside and outside museums, opening new perspectives for fruition. The framework encourages the use of free and open source software and standard devices, to maximize their dissemination and exploit the potential of such technologies, which is far greater than current use in the cultural heritage field. Selected case studies to test and validate the integrated framework are proposed, dealing with some Roman artefacts found in the area of Modena (Italy). The first is a Roman floor mosaic, found in Savignano sul Panaro (near Modena) in 2011, of which less than half of its original 4.5 x 6.9 m surface is preserved. The others are two Roman funerary lion sculptures: the first is one of two lions flanking the main door of Modena Cathedral, and the second, well-preserved but damaged, is housed in the Museo Lapidario Estense of Modena. Finally, the application was tested by museum experts and visitors both inside and outside the museum, and positively assessed.Highlights:Digital practice is not understood as a prerogative of a small number of people, but as a tool to guarantee and expand artefact fruition, using standard devices and free and open source software.Experimentation of new settings to re-contextualize artefacts and establish possible links among them, offering engaging and customized experiences to improve their accessibility and enjoyment.Promotion of artefact fruition not only in but also outside museums, such as in a classroom or an open and shared space, opening to new approaches in the fruition of cultural heritage.
博物馆展览的空间特征可能会限制游客对展出文物的体验。在大型伪影的情况下，有限的空间可能会影响它们的整体可视化，或阻碍离观察者最远的细节的可视化。在其他情况下，将文物存放在遥远的地点（博物馆或考古区）可能会影响其知识过程或进行比较分析的可能性。此外，一些文物的保存状态岌岌可危，零件受损或缺失，很难感知其原始外观。为了克服这些限制，我们提出了一种基于3D虚拟模型和增强现实（AR）的集成方法，通过克服空间和时间限制，提高人工制品的成果，改善其可视化、分析和个人/共享知识。最终的AR应用程序是大多数用户通过移动设备轻松访问的工具，可在博物馆内外使用，为成果开辟了新的视角。该框架鼓励使用免费和开放源码软件和标准设备，以最大限度地传播和利用这些技术的潜力，这远远超过目前在文化遗产领域的使用。针对在摩德纳（意大利）地区发现的一些罗马文物，提出了测试和验证综合框架的选定案例研究。第一个是2011年在Savignano sul Panaro（摩德纳附近）发现的罗马地板马赛克，其原始4.5 x 6.9米的表面保留了不到一半。其他是两尊罗马随葬狮子雕塑：第一尊是摩德纳大教堂正门两侧的两尊狮子之一，第二尊保存完好但受损，收藏在摩德纳的拉皮达里奥·埃斯滕塞博物馆。最后，博物馆专家和博物馆内外的游客对该应用程序进行了测试，并对其进行了积极评价。亮点：数字实践并不被理解为少数人的特权，而是一种使用标准设备和免费开源软件来保证和扩大人工制品成果的工具。对新环境进行实验，以重新将艺术品置于情境中，并在它们之间建立可能的联系，提供引人入胜的定制体验，以提高它们的可及性和享受性。不仅在博物馆内，而且在博物馆外，如在教室或开放共享空间，促进文物成果的实现，为文化遗产的实现开辟新的途径。
{"title":"Enhancing heritage fruition through 3D virtual models and augmented reality: an application to Roman artefacts","authors":"F. Gherardini, Mattia Santachiara, F. Leali","doi":"10.4995/VAR.2019.11918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/VAR.2019.11918","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial characteristics of museum exhibitions may limit visitors’ experience of the artefacts on display. In the case of large artefacts, limited space may affect their whole visualization, or inhibit the visualization of the details farthest from the observer. In other cases, the storage of artefacts in distant sites (museums or archaeological areas) may influence their knowledge process or the possibility for comparative analysis. Moreover, the precarious state of preservation of some artefacts, with damaged or missing parts, makes it difficult to perceive their original appearance. To overcome these limitations, we propose an integrated approach based on 3D virtual models and Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance the fruition of artefacts, improving their visualization, analysis and personal/shared knowledge, also by overcoming space and time constraints. The final AR application is an easily accessible tool for most users from a mobile device, used both inside and outside museums, opening new perspectives for fruition. The framework encourages the use of free and open source software and standard devices, to maximize their dissemination and exploit the potential of such technologies, which is far greater than current use in the cultural heritage field. Selected case studies to test and validate the integrated framework are proposed, dealing with some Roman artefacts found in the area of Modena (Italy). The first is a Roman floor mosaic, found in Savignano sul Panaro (near Modena) in 2011, of which less than half of its original 4.5 x 6.9 m surface is preserved. The others are two Roman funerary lion sculptures: the first is one of two lions flanking the main door of Modena Cathedral, and the second, well-preserved but damaged, is housed in the Museo Lapidario Estense of Modena. Finally, the application was tested by museum experts and visitors both inside and outside the museum, and positively assessed.Highlights:Digital practice is not understood as a prerogative of a small number of people, but as a tool to guarantee and expand artefact fruition, using standard devices and free and open source software.Experimentation of new settings to re-contextualize artefacts and establish possible links among them, offering engaging and customized experiences to improve their accessibility and enjoyment.Promotion of artefact fruition not only in but also outside museums, such as in a classroom or an open and shared space, opening to new approaches in the fruition of cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":44206,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Archaeology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49589826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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