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How managers and students view public service: The theoretical vs. practical divide 管理者和学生如何看待公共服务:理论与实践的分歧
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.1177/01447394211013068
John R Wood, Kenneth Kickham
This paper examines existing management concepts and practices that make up three contemporary approaches to public policy and public administration. We attempt to understand whether municipal public administrators and public administration graduate students validate these perspectives in “reality” versus “ideally.” Addressing the extent to which practicing public administrators and students identify with theoretical frameworks, which one(s) they deem most prominent, and how closely their preferred frameworks correspond to what they see in practice, we offer an exploratory analysis of results from 176 respondents through descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). We hypothesize significant differences with respect to 1) what is preferred and what is perceived in the workplace, 2) group membership (administrator, graduate student, or undergraduate student), and 3) gender (female or male). This research will help public administration educators bridge the gap between theory and practice and narrow the distance between the “is” and the “ought.”
本文考察了构成当代公共政策和公共行政三种方法的现有管理概念和实践。我们试图了解市政公共行政人员和公共行政研究生是否在“现实”与“理想”中验证了这些观点。解决实践公共行政人员与学生对理论框架的认同程度,他们认为哪一个最突出,以及他们的首选框架与他们在实践中看到的内容有多接近,我们通过描述性统计、配对样本t检验和协方差分析(ANCOVA)对176名受访者的结果进行了探索性分析。我们假设在以下方面存在显著差异:1)工作场所的偏好和感知,2)团队成员(管理员、研究生或本科生),以及3)性别(女性或男性)。这项研究将有助于公共行政教育工作者弥合理论与实践之间的差距,缩小“是”与“应该”之间的距离
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引用次数: 1
Institutional and programmatic determinants for graduate public affairs’ online education: Assessing the influence of faculty workload 研究生公共事务在线教育的制度和计划决定因素:评估教师工作量的影响
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/01447394211017326
Bruce L. Blair, D. Slagle, Adam M. Williams
The research explores why some public affairs graduate programs choose to develop fully online degree offerings while others do not. The study attempts to address questions surrounding how different institutions and programs are pursuing degree offerings and the potential influence of faculty workload. The research utilizes a quantitative, cross-sectional design analyzing results from a survey on institutional and programmatic practices in workload, hiring, and degree offerings administered to primary points of contact within public affairs academic units from all institutions found in the US News World Report Graduate Programs in Public Affairs Rankings from 2019. Survey data is paired with program information from the accrediting body institutional member database. Findings indicate differences from both institutional and programmatic groupings do demonstrate workload measures have unique characteristics depending upon the type of institution and rank of the program. Further analysis discusses the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on future public affairs programming.
这项研究探讨了为什么一些公共事务研究生项目选择开发完全在线的学位课程,而另一些则没有。这项研究试图解决不同机构和项目如何追求学位以及教师工作量的潜在影响等问题。这项研究采用了定量、横断面设计,分析了《美国新闻世界报道》2019年公共事务研究生项目排名中所有机构公共事务学术单位主要接触点在工作量、招聘和学位提供方面的机构和项目实践调查结果。调查数据与认证机构机构成员数据库中的项目信息配对。研究结果表明,机构和项目分组的差异确实表明,工作量指标具有独特的特征,这取决于机构类型和项目级别。进一步分析讨论了新冠肺炎疫情对未来公共事务规划的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Proverbs of administration at 75: Long live proverbs? 75岁的行政格言:格言万岁?
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/01447394211013845
M. Auer
On the 75th anniversary of Herbert A Simon’s “Proverbs of Administration,” it is fitting to consider its place in the public administration canon, with an eye to contemporary realities. In Proverbs, Simon interrogated prevailing mid-century “principles of public administration.” But even as he reduced in rank each “principle,” he preserved a central tenet of earlier pioneers of a “science of administration”—namely that public administration theory should focus, first and foremost, on administrative efficiency. Seven and a half decades after its publication, a clear-eyed examination of Simon’s essay is in order, with attention to both its historical and contemporary contexts. This essay urges that the administrative efficiency tenet was already on unstable ground at the time of Proverbs’ publication, rendering Simon’s reformist agenda less than paradigm-changing. In the contemporary context, the democratic shortcomings of Simon’s agenda are even more apparent. Proverbs is out of synch with the goals for public administration promulgated by respected associations in the field. Simon’s approach also lacks inspiration for students of public service eager to shore up the American democratic project amidst unprecedented challenges.
在赫伯特·西蒙的《行政箴言》出版75周年之际,着眼于当代现实,考虑一下它在公共行政经典中的地位是恰当的。在《箴言》中,西蒙质疑了世纪中期盛行的“公共行政原则”。但即使他降低了每一项“原则”的等级,他也保留了早期“行政科学”先驱的一个核心原则,即公共行政理论应首先关注行政效率。在西蒙的文章发表75年后,人们对其历史和当代背景进行了清醒的审视。本文认为,在《箴言报》出版时,行政效率原则已经处于不稳定的基础上,这使得西蒙的改革议程不如范式的改变。在当代背景下,西蒙议程的民主缺陷更加明显。谚语与该领域受人尊敬的协会颁布的公共管理目标不同步。西蒙的方法也缺乏对渴望在前所未有的挑战中支持美国民主项目的公共服务学生的启发。
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引用次数: 0
Got HIPs? Making student engagement enhancement a core part of program development with high impact practices 有屁股吗?提高学生参与度是高影响力实践项目开发的核心部分
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/01447394211013856
Schnequa N. Diggs
Learning how to engage students in educationally purposeful activities has been a challenge for instructors in higher education. It is often hard to push through institutionalized pedagogical boundaries rooted in traditional “teach-at-you” approaches to learning. The demands of a more diverse student body and more effective measures of student learning outcomes have led to rethinking the delivery of course material to gain greater student engagement. Studies have shown that higher order engagement enhances student learning and helps to narrow achievement gaps across the curriculum. This article focuses on student engagement and the use of high-impact practices (active-learning approaches) in the Alameda County MPA Program at California State University, East Bay. The application of HIPS to this specific MPA program provides a good example of how multiple student engagement enhancement techniques can be incorporated into the core of graduate-level program development. The article concludes with suggestions for future research, one being, examining the impact distant, online education has on student learning and engagement, in light of the recent pandemic.
学习如何让学生参与有教育意义的活动一直是高等教育教师面临的挑战。通常很难突破植根于传统“教你”学习方法的制度化教学界限。更多样化的学生群体和更有效的学生学习成果衡量标准的需求,导致重新思考课程材料的交付,以获得更多的学生参与。研究表明,高阶参与度能提高学生的学习能力,并有助于缩小课程中的成绩差距。本文主要关注东湾加州州立大学阿拉米达县MPA项目中学生的参与度和高影响力实践(主动学习方法)的使用。HIPS在这一特定MPA项目中的应用提供了一个很好的例子,说明如何将多种提高学生参与度的技术纳入研究生水平项目开发的核心。文章最后提出了对未来研究的建议,其中之一是,鉴于最近的大流行,研究远程在线教育对学生学习和参与的影响。
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引用次数: 1
The deep organisation: The organisational view in a public management and leadership development programme 深层组织:公共管理和领导力发展项目中的组织观点
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/01447394211013069
M. Knudsen, M. Larsson
This article studies the organisational view inherent in a public management and leadership development programme. Organisational views are important to study as they guide and frame the actions of the members of the organisation. In the management and leadership development programme under investigation the organisational view was a linguistic-discursive representation that was empirically inept, but which nevertheless was offered as a guide to the managers. Inspired by Clifford Geertz’s notion of religion we suggest conceptualising the presented organisational view as the deep organisation. The analysis contributes to the literature on public management and leadership development programmes by calling attention to the implicit concepts of organisation that on the one hand provide managers with the motivation and authority to carry out their daily ordering of the constantly fluctuating empirical organisation, while to some extent making managers immune to experience-based learning on the other. The notion of the deep organisation expands our understanding of the layered nature of assumptions about organisations, through which seeming contradictions can be handled. In the discussion we outline three important implications of the analysed organisational view.
本文研究了公共管理和领导力发展计划中固有的组织观点。研究组织观点很重要,因为它们指导和框架了组织成员的行动。在被调查的管理和领导力发展项目中,组织观点是一种语言上的话语表达,在经验上是无能的,但它仍然被提供给经理们作为指导。受克利福德·格尔茨(Clifford Geertz)的宗教概念的启发,我们建议将所呈现的组织观点概念化为深层组织。该分析对公共管理和领导力发展计划的文献有所贡献,因为它唤起了人们对组织的隐性概念的关注,这些概念一方面为管理者提供了动力和权威,使他们能够对不断波动的经验组织进行日常排序,另一方面在某种程度上使管理者免受基于经验的学习的影响。深层组织的概念扩展了我们对组织假设的分层本质的理解,通过这种假设,表面上的矛盾可以得到处理。在讨论中,我们概述了分析后的组织观的三个重要含义。
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引用次数: 1
Use of active learning strategies in public affairs education: Advances and lessons from the scholarship and the practice 主动学习策略在公共事务教育中的运用:学术与实践的进展与教训
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1177/01447394211004992
Maite Careaga-Tagüeña, Pablo Sanabria-Pulido
Public affairs education can benefit from the potential of active learning practices in preparing students for the complex surroundings of real public service. This article aims to explore the use of those practices in public affairs education and the extent to which those practices are suitable in a public affairs school in a country in the global South. To do so, it follows a threefold analytical approach. First, from a sample of empirical works in public affairs, it explores the active learning practices portrayed in the literature of public affairs education and identifies patterns and practices. Then, through content analysis of syllabi from a sample of master level courses of schools of public affairs in the US and Europe it identifies the most frequent participant-centered learning practices used in public affairs education. Finally, by means of a case study from a public affairs school in Colombia, it analyzes the adoption of active learning practices to be effectively adopted in such setting and compares them with the two sets of practices previously analyzed. The analysis provided some insights. Both the literature review and the benchmark of practices in public affairs schools, reflect that public affairs education already relies on a wide array of active learning strategies, which, according to some empirical literature, appear to be highly useful in preparing students for public sector practice. Then, the analysis of the use of active learning practices in a Latin American school of public affairs revealed a similarly evident use such practices, something that appears to be instrumental for the faculty, students and alumni of the program, and whose implementation does not appear to differ from other programs abroad.
公共事务教育可以受益于积极的学习实践的潜力,使学生为真正的公共服务的复杂环境做好准备。本文旨在探讨这些做法在公共事务教育中的应用,以及这些做法在多大程度上适合全球南方国家的公共事务学校。为此,它采用了三重分析方法。首先,从公共事务实证作品的样本中,探讨了公共事务教育文献中描绘的积极学习实践,并确定了模式和实践。然后,通过对美国和欧洲公共事务学院硕士级课程样本的教学大纲进行内容分析,确定了公共事务教育中最常见的以参与者为中心的学习实践。最后,通过哥伦比亚一所公共事务学校的案例研究,分析了在这种环境下要有效采用的积极学习实践,并将其与之前分析的两组实践进行了比较。分析提供了一些见解。文献综述和公共事务学校实践基准都反映出,公共事务教育已经依赖于一系列积极的学习策略,根据一些实证文献,这些策略似乎在为学生准备公共部门实践方面非常有用。然后,对拉丁美洲公共事务学院积极学习实践使用情况的分析显示,这种实践的使用同样明显,这似乎对该项目的教职员工、学生和校友有帮助,其实施似乎与国外其他项目没有什么不同。
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引用次数: 1
When heroes moonlight as graduate students: Accommodating those called into public service after the Hurricane Harvey disaster 当英雄们兼职做研究生的时候:在哈维飓风灾难后照顾那些被召唤去公共服务的人
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/0144739421997526
Jacqueline H. Abernathy
This study evaluates faculty efforts to accommodate graduate students in the Tarleton State University Masters of Public Administration and Masters of Criminal Justice programs called away from classes in the first weeks of the 2017 academic year as disaster responders called into duty by Hurricane Harvey. The evaluation employed a theoretical process map to track each case (student class experience) through action steps and corresponding variables related to implementation and intervention. The analysis found that although accommodations (e.g., flexible due dates, condensed content, and self-paced learning) worked in every case, only 77% of cases used them. The omission of use in the other 23% cases was due to implementation error, a lack of awareness regarding student needs, and a bilateral failure of initiative where faculty failed to offer solutions and students to request them. It concludes with ways in which faculty can remedy this by raising awareness and taking the initiative themselves.
这项研究评估了塔尔顿州立大学公共管理硕士和刑事司法硕士项目的教职员工为容纳研究生所做的努力,这些研究生在2017学年的前几周因飓风哈维的灾难响应人员而被取消了课程。评估采用了一个理论过程图,通过行动步骤和与实施和干预相关的相应变量来跟踪每个案例(学生课堂经验)。分析发现,尽管住宿(如灵活的预产期、精简的内容和自定节奏的学习)在所有情况下都有效,但只有77%的情况使用了它们。在其他23%的案例中,遗漏使用是由于实施错误、对学生需求缺乏认识,以及教师未能提供解决方案和学生提出要求的双边倡议失败。它最后提出了教师可以通过提高意识和自己采取主动来弥补这一问题的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Erased: Ending faculty sexual misconduct in academia – An open letter from women of public affairs education 删除:结束学术界教员的不当性行为——公共事务教育女性的公开信
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-14 DOI: 10.1177/01447394211005507
Sarah Young,Kimberly Wiley
The #MeToo movement is descending upon the walls of the ivory tower. The day of reckoning has come for academia to end teaching staff1 sexual misconduct. As women of public2 and third sector3 educa...
#MeToo运动正在向象牙塔的墙壁下降。学术界结束教职员工不当性行为的清算日已经到来。作为公立和第三部门教育的女性……
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引用次数: 0
Training and development model for municipal frontline staff 市政一线员工培训发展模式
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/0144739421997524
R. Wessels
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa states that public servants must deliver services to improve the general welfare of the citizens. The public servants therefore have a duty to the citizens to deliver effective and efficient public services that will be to the satisfaction of the citizens to improve their well-being. However, this is not the case since service delivery protests have become the norm, with citizens regularly protesting about the services received from the various municipalities. Citizens are not happy about the level of service delivery received and therefore take to the streets to render their unhappiness. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality is no exception, as service delivery protests have also plagued the municipality and during 2016, the media referred to the protests as Tshwane burning. The municipal frontline staff are at the coalface of service delivery and are often the only public servants that the citizens come into contact with. The municipal frontline staff deliver services to the public on a daily basis and should possess the necessary knowledge, skills, behaviours, attitudes and competencies to deliver professional services. This article will describe what the Customer Care Consultants think should be included in the design of an essential model for training and development for Customer Care Consultants at the City of Tshwane, as they are at the forefront of service delivery. It does so by drawing on an extensive case study using a qualitative questionnaire toexplore the views and perceptions of the municipal frontline staff. The article seeks to add to the body of knowledge by critically analysing the views provided by the Customer Care Consultants on the content for a training and development modelfor Customer Care Consultants at the City of Tshwane. This study reports on research undertaken for the author’s doctoral research conducted during 2018 and culminates in a training and development model for municipal frontline staff.
《南非共和国宪法》规定,公务员必须提供服务,改善公民的总体福利。因此,公务员有义务为公民提供有效和高效的公共服务,使公民满意,以改善他们的福祉。然而,情况并非如此,因为提供服务的抗议活动已成为常态,公民经常抗议从各个市政当局获得的服务。市民对所获得的服务水平不满意,因此走上街头表达他们的不满。茨瓦内市也不例外,因为提供服务的抗议活动也困扰着该市,2016年,媒体将抗议活动称为茨瓦内焚烧。市政一线工作人员处于提供服务的工作面,通常是市民接触到的唯一公务员。市政一线工作人员每天向公众提供服务,并应具备提供专业服务所需的知识、技能、行为、态度和能力。这篇文章将描述客户服务顾问认为应该包括在茨瓦内市客户服务顾问培训和发展的基本模式设计中的内容,因为他们处于服务提供的最前沿。它利用一个广泛的案例研究,使用定性问卷来了解市政一线工作人员的观点和看法。这篇文章试图通过批判性地分析客户服务顾问对茨瓦内市客户服务顾问培训和发展模式内容的看法来增加知识。本研究报告了作者在2018年进行的博士研究,最终形成了市级一线工作人员的培训和发展模式。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the development of competences in a Brazilian master of public administration 巴西公共管理硕士能力发展分析
IF 1.7 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/0144739421993889
João Augusto de Campos Avaristo, Cristina Lourenço Ubeda
This paper aims to analyze the main competences developed by graduates of a professional master’s degree in Brazilian public administration. For this purpose, the research developed (i) a theoretical framework to present the main competences for public sector professionals, (ii) a bibliometric analysis with the scientific publications about development of competences in public administration between 2009 and 2019, and (iii) an investigation of the graduates’ profile in the Brazilian professional master’s degree surveyed with a standard score. Finally, a map of investigated competences was elaborated, identifying the development levels according to the graduate’s perception acquired along a postgraduate program. These competences were distributed into four categories: high, medium, low and very-low development levels.
本文旨在分析巴西公共管理专业硕士学位毕业生的主要能力。为此,本研究开发了(i)一个理论框架来呈现公共部门专业人员的主要能力,(ii)对2009年至2019年公共管理能力发展的科学出版物进行文献计量分析,以及(iii)对巴西专业硕士学位毕业生的概况进行调查,并采用标准分数进行调查。最后,详细阐述了调查能力的地图,根据毕业生在研究生课程中获得的感知来确定发展水平。这些能力分为四类:高、中、低和极低发展水平。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Teaching Public Administration
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