Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.025
A. Chursin, A. Yudin, P. Grosheva
The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to strengthen and expand the technological transformation of the Russian economy, which should contribute to the growth of high-tech products production and increase the competitiveness of domestic manufacturers in the world market. The hypothesis of the study is that the component features of the intellectual capital of the industrial region determine the predisposition/absence of predisposition of its economy to make a transition to a new dominant technological structure. The purpose of the scientific research is to identify the types of intellectual capital and which of them form the predisposition of regions to the technological transformation of their economies. During the study, the following tasks were solved: structural elements of intellectual capital that affect the innovative and technological development of the region, namely: education, are justified; innovative competencies; innovative skills; altruism; cognitive and non-cognitive competencies; sensitivity to change and adaptation to technological changes. Extractive, mono-inclusive and multi-inclusive type of intellectual capital of industrial regions, corresponding to the fourth, fifth and sixth technological framework, respectively, is disclosed. A methodology for estimating intellectual capital, which determines the dominant technological structure of the economy of the industrial region, has been developed on the basis of the use of the matrix method and Frobenius norms, which make it possible to conduct research over a long-time interval taking into account the dynamic trends of the main capital elements. The testing of the author's methodology revealed that such territories as Kemerovo Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Perm Territory, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Sverdlovsk Region, Udmurt Republic, Chelyabinsk Region, Chuvash Republic and Yaroslavl Region have intellectual capital for further technological development of the region's economy. The novelty of the obtained results lies in the development of a typology of regions, which enables one to identify the territories most prone to further technological transformation of the economy in the context of types of intellectual capital. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use by authorities as a tool for developing a strategy for industrial development and structural adjustment of the economy of industrial regions.
{"title":"Intellectual Capital of Technological Transformation of Economy of Industrial Region","authors":"A. Chursin, A. Yudin, P. Grosheva","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.025","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to strengthen and expand the technological transformation of the Russian economy, which should contribute to the growth of high-tech products production and increase the competitiveness of domestic manufacturers in the world market. The hypothesis of the study is that the component features of the intellectual capital of the industrial region determine the predisposition/absence of predisposition of its economy to make a transition to a new dominant technological structure. The purpose of the scientific research is to identify the types of intellectual capital and which of them form the predisposition of regions to the technological transformation of their economies. During the study, the following tasks were solved: structural elements of intellectual capital that affect the innovative and technological development of the region, namely: education, are justified; innovative competencies; innovative skills; altruism; cognitive and non-cognitive competencies; sensitivity to change and adaptation to technological changes. Extractive, mono-inclusive and multi-inclusive type of intellectual capital of industrial regions, corresponding to the fourth, fifth and sixth technological framework, respectively, is disclosed. A methodology for estimating intellectual capital, which determines the dominant technological structure of the economy of the industrial region, has been developed on the basis of the use of the matrix method and Frobenius norms, which make it possible to conduct research over a long-time interval taking into account the dynamic trends of the main capital elements. The testing of the author's methodology revealed that such territories as Kemerovo Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Perm Territory, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Sverdlovsk Region, Udmurt Republic, Chelyabinsk Region, Chuvash Republic and Yaroslavl Region have intellectual capital for further technological development of the region's economy. The novelty of the obtained results lies in the development of a typology of regions, which enables one to identify the territories most prone to further technological transformation of the economy in the context of types of intellectual capital. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use by authorities as a tool for developing a strategy for industrial development and structural adjustment of the economy of industrial regions.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77269128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.023
G. Chebotareva, A. A. Dvinayninov
The main trend in energy development is to increase energy efficiency by reducing the use of limited natural resources, the spread of renewable energy, and reducing the negative impact on the environment. An effective response to these challenges is the use of biogas plants that produce clean energy and solve the environmental problems of waste disposal and recycling. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic efficiency of replacing district gas supply with autonomous biogas plants in public utilities. A hypothesis has been put forward that the feasibility of using such technologies depends on climatic features and the specific provisions of state regulation of prices and gas consumption rates. A cost approach was applied that assesses the overall structure of equipment costs, as well as a comparative assessment method according to the principle “with / without a biogas plant”, and a scenario analysis, the criterion of which is the size of the family owning the plant. An auxiliary method for forecasting retail and economically justified prices for natural gas for the population was used. The object of calculations is the “HomeBiogas” installation intended for home use. Three Russian cities were chosen as territorial subjects: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk and Krasnodar. The cities which differ significantly in their natural characteristics and approaches to the formation of retail gas prices. It has been proved that although the average monthly temperatures differ significantly in the cities considered, none of them has a constant temperature exceeding the required standard value of 17°C. In each case, the initial capital investment is driven up by the cost of installing additional insulation and heating systems. This equalizes the costs of warmer and colder areas. Therefore, the climatic features of cities are not significant and do not affect the economic efficiency of using a biogas plant. In turn, state regulation of prices and norms of gas consumption by the population is of decisive importance. The findings are of theoretical and practical importance. The methodology can be applied to assess the efficiency of using biogas plants in industry and gasification projects in the remote areas of Russia.
{"title":"An Economic Alternative to Replacing Centralized Gas Supply with Autonomous Biogas Facilities in Russian Cities","authors":"G. Chebotareva, A. A. Dvinayninov","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.023","url":null,"abstract":"The main trend in energy development is to increase energy efficiency by reducing the use of limited natural resources, the spread of renewable energy, and reducing the negative impact on the environment. An effective response to these challenges is the use of biogas plants that produce clean energy and solve the environmental problems of waste disposal and recycling. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic efficiency of replacing district gas supply with autonomous biogas plants in public utilities. A hypothesis has been put forward that the feasibility of using such technologies depends on climatic features and the specific provisions of state regulation of prices and gas consumption rates. A cost approach was applied that assesses the overall structure of equipment costs, as well as a comparative assessment method according to the principle “with / without a biogas plant”, and a scenario analysis, the criterion of which is the size of the family owning the plant. An auxiliary method for forecasting retail and economically justified prices for natural gas for the population was used. The object of calculations is the “HomeBiogas” installation intended for home use. Three Russian cities were chosen as territorial subjects: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk and Krasnodar. The cities which differ significantly in their natural characteristics and approaches to the formation of retail gas prices. It has been proved that although the average monthly temperatures differ significantly in the cities considered, none of them has a constant temperature exceeding the required standard value of 17°C. In each case, the initial capital investment is driven up by the cost of installing additional insulation and heating systems. This equalizes the costs of warmer and colder areas. Therefore, the climatic features of cities are not significant and do not affect the economic efficiency of using a biogas plant. In turn, state regulation of prices and norms of gas consumption by the population is of decisive importance. The findings are of theoretical and practical importance. The methodology can be applied to assess the efficiency of using biogas plants in industry and gasification projects in the remote areas of Russia.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80428464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.015
A. Ovchinnikova, S. Zimin
Shifts in the economic environment are associated with the transition to a new technological order. The nascent production model is based on the creation of fundamentally new schemes of economic cooperation between economic entities. In addition, the current structural industrial crisis, exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic, leads to a general decline in business activity, and a decrease in the growth of regional economies. One of the forms of organizing and supporting regional entrepreneurship, which can ensure the coordination of the process of interaction of economic entities on the way from general competition to general cooperation, is the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. The aim of the study is to determine the presence of a connection between the level of development of a region's entrepreneurial ecosystem and the general level of its economic development. The research hypotheses are as follows: H1 - the higher the level of development of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, the higher the level and dynamics of development of the regional economy as a whole; H2 - a subject with a more developed entrepreneurial ecosystem "lures" resources and participants of neighboring ecosystems. The objects of the research are the regional economies of 79 regions of the Russian Federation in 2005-2019. To confirm the first hypothesis, a cluster analysis of the studied subjects was carried out, dividing them into four cluster groups according to the concept of the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems. To confirm the second hypothesis, we calculated the paired correlation and covariance coefficients between the deviations of the fertility rates of organizations and the rates of official liquidation by region. It has been established that regions with mature entrepreneurial ecosystems have higher indicators of economic development, as well as other key indicators of the quality of development of the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem. It was not possible to statistically confirm the second of the theses put forward. Fertility rates and the official liquidation of organizations for the subjects under study changed mainly in the same direction, that is, under the influence of the same factors. This idea is confirmed by the calculation of the pair correlation coefficients. Despite the absence of a statistical possibility of substantiating the second hypothesis of the study, the relationship between the level of development of the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem and the general level of regional economic development has been established. The results obtained can be applied in planning and forecasting the economic development of regional economies.
{"title":"Assessment of Relations of Business Ecosystems with the Level of Economic Development of Regions of Russia","authors":"A. Ovchinnikova, S. Zimin","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.015","url":null,"abstract":"Shifts in the economic environment are associated with the transition to a new technological order. The nascent production model is based on the creation of fundamentally new schemes of economic cooperation between economic entities. In addition, the current structural industrial crisis, exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic, leads to a general decline in business activity, and a decrease in the growth of regional economies. One of the forms of organizing and supporting regional entrepreneurship, which can ensure the coordination of the process of interaction of economic entities on the way from general competition to general cooperation, is the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. The aim of the study is to determine the presence of a connection between the level of development of a region's entrepreneurial ecosystem and the general level of its economic development. The research hypotheses are as follows: H1 - the higher the level of development of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, the higher the level and dynamics of development of the regional economy as a whole; H2 - a subject with a more developed entrepreneurial ecosystem \"lures\" resources and participants of neighboring ecosystems. The objects of the research are the regional economies of 79 regions of the Russian Federation in 2005-2019. To confirm the first hypothesis, a cluster analysis of the studied subjects was carried out, dividing them into four cluster groups according to the concept of the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems. To confirm the second hypothesis, we calculated the paired correlation and covariance coefficients between the deviations of the fertility rates of organizations and the rates of official liquidation by region. It has been established that regions with mature entrepreneurial ecosystems have higher indicators of economic development, as well as other key indicators of the quality of development of the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem. It was not possible to statistically confirm the second of the theses put forward. Fertility rates and the official liquidation of organizations for the subjects under study changed mainly in the same direction, that is, under the influence of the same factors. This idea is confirmed by the calculation of the pair correlation coefficients. Despite the absence of a statistical possibility of substantiating the second hypothesis of the study, the relationship between the level of development of the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem and the general level of regional economic development has been established. The results obtained can be applied in planning and forecasting the economic development of regional economies.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90287544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.2.008
E. Balatsky, N. Ekimova
The reform of personal income tax (PIT) that began in 2021, consisting in the introduction of a progressive scale with a rate of 15% on incomes of over 5 million rubles a year instead of the previously established 13%, assumes a preliminary economic assessment. The purpose of the article is to develop and test analytical coefficients for assessing the fiscal and social effectiveness of the income tax reform. For this purpose, global (macroeconomic) and local (industry-level, project-level) performance indicators are introduced. As a global fiscal efficiency measure, it is proposed to use the ratio of additional budget revenue generated by the introduction of a progressive personal income tax scale to public expenditures (the expenditure part of the consolidated budget). If the received amount of additional budget revenue from the introduction of the progressive personal income tax scale is more than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP), then the reform has the property of global fiscal efficiency; otherwise, the fiscal effect of the reform is considered insignificant. Similarly, the concept of a global indicator of social efficiency is introduced in the form of the share of the change in the coefficient of funds before and after the tax reform to the original value of the coefficient of funds. Then the following heuristic rule can be used: if the coefficient of funds after the introduction of the progressive personal income tax scale changes by more than 25% compared to its value before the reform, then the tax reform itself has the property of global social efficiency; otherwise, the social effect of the reform is considered insignificant. If the additional revenue received thanks to the reform makes it possible to multiply the socially significant areas of the national project «Healthсare», then the reform has the property of local social and fiscal efficiency. The calculations carried out using data from the international database World Inequality Database allowed us to make the following conclusions. The initiated personal income tax reform does not have the properties of global fiscal and social efficiency, but it is important for the fundamental acceleration of the national project «Healthсare». This allows us to speak about its local social and fiscal efficiency. The proposed analytical tools can be used in the system of state regulation in the design of tax reforms.
{"title":"Fiscal and Social Effectiveness Assessment of the Personal Income Tax Reform in Russia","authors":"E. Balatsky, N. Ekimova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"The reform of personal income tax (PIT) that began in 2021, consisting in the introduction of a progressive scale with a rate of 15% on incomes of over 5 million rubles a year instead of the previously established 13%, assumes a preliminary economic assessment. The purpose of the article is to develop and test analytical coefficients for assessing the fiscal and social effectiveness of the income tax reform. For this purpose, global (macroeconomic) and local (industry-level, project-level) performance indicators are introduced. As a global fiscal efficiency measure, it is proposed to use the ratio of additional budget revenue generated by the introduction of a progressive personal income tax scale to public expenditures (the expenditure part of the consolidated budget). If the received amount of additional budget revenue from the introduction of the progressive personal income tax scale is more than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP), then the reform has the property of global fiscal efficiency; otherwise, the fiscal effect of the reform is considered insignificant. Similarly, the concept of a global indicator of social efficiency is introduced in the form of the share of the change in the coefficient of funds before and after the tax reform to the original value of the coefficient of funds. Then the following heuristic rule can be used: if the coefficient of funds after the introduction of the progressive personal income tax scale changes by more than 25% compared to its value before the reform, then the tax reform itself has the property of global social efficiency; otherwise, the social effect of the reform is considered insignificant. If the additional revenue received thanks to the reform makes it possible to multiply the socially significant areas of the national project «Healthсare», then the reform has the property of local social and fiscal efficiency. The calculations carried out using data from the international database World Inequality Database allowed us to make the following conclusions. The initiated personal income tax reform does not have the properties of global fiscal and social efficiency, but it is important for the fundamental acceleration of the national project «Healthсare». This allows us to speak about its local social and fiscal efficiency. The proposed analytical tools can be used in the system of state regulation in the design of tax reforms.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87175714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.026
E. V. Orlova
Current technological development amid the fourth industrial revolution inevitably changes the nature and conditions of work. The quality of human capital constitutes a significant contribution not only to labor productivity growth, but also contributes to the growth of social connections, loyalty and trust by employees. It increases the market share and the competitiveness of products. Consequently, the problem associated with improving the quality of human capital as the most important productive resource of a company is relevant, timely, socially and economically significant. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for human capital management based on a new methodology for assessing human capital and a scheme for the formation of individual trajectories of professional development, ensuring an increase in the quality of human capital and an increase in the company's efficiency. The proposed method for assessing human capital is designed to identify the digital twin of an employee and takes into account such traditional characteristics as age, education, professional experience and competencies, as well as additional characteristics - social status, health quality, inter-professional competencies, motivation and involvement, and provides a comprehensive assessment of human capital in enterprises in the course of digital transformation. Based on the results of the assessment of human capital, management decisions are developed for the individual trajectories of professional development design, aimed at increasing labor productivity and contributing to the companies’ operational efficiency growth. Experimental studies have been carried out on the use of the proposed technology for human capital management based on the data of a large oil-producing enterprise in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is shown that the introduction of individual trajectories of professional development makes it possible to increase labor productivity by 6–7 % in the next 2–3 years, the company's revenue by 5–7 % and profit by 2 %. The theoretical significance of the results is concerned with the identified features of the human capital of a company associated with the health quality, the development of interdisciplinary knowledge, skills and abilities, motivation and involvement which should be taken into account during the process of assessment. The developed technology provides support for making managerial decisions for working out individual trajectories of employees’ development. The practical outcome of the study is the methods for human capital assessment and its development, which ensure the labor productivity growth, companies’ revenue and profit increase with minimal cost.
{"title":"Assessment of the Human Capital of an Enterprise and its Management in the Context of the Digital Transformation of the Economy","authors":"E. V. Orlova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.026","url":null,"abstract":"Current technological development amid the fourth industrial revolution inevitably changes the nature and conditions of work. The quality of human capital constitutes a significant contribution not only to labor productivity growth, but also contributes to the growth of social connections, loyalty and trust by employees. It increases the market share and the competitiveness of products. Consequently, the problem associated with improving the quality of human capital as the most important productive resource of a company is relevant, timely, socially and economically significant. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for human capital management based on a new methodology for assessing human capital and a scheme for the formation of individual trajectories of professional development, ensuring an increase in the quality of human capital and an increase in the company's efficiency. The proposed method for assessing human capital is designed to identify the digital twin of an employee and takes into account such traditional characteristics as age, education, professional experience and competencies, as well as additional characteristics - social status, health quality, inter-professional competencies, motivation and involvement, and provides a comprehensive assessment of human capital in enterprises in the course of digital transformation. Based on the results of the assessment of human capital, management decisions are developed for the individual trajectories of professional development design, aimed at increasing labor productivity and contributing to the companies’ operational efficiency growth. Experimental studies have been carried out on the use of the proposed technology for human capital management based on the data of a large oil-producing enterprise in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is shown that the introduction of individual trajectories of professional development makes it possible to increase labor productivity by 6–7 % in the next 2–3 years, the company's revenue by 5–7 % and profit by 2 %. The theoretical significance of the results is concerned with the identified features of the human capital of a company associated with the health quality, the development of interdisciplinary knowledge, skills and abilities, motivation and involvement which should be taken into account during the process of assessment. The developed technology provides support for making managerial decisions for working out individual trajectories of employees’ development. The practical outcome of the study is the methods for human capital assessment and its development, which ensure the labor productivity growth, companies’ revenue and profit increase with minimal cost.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75983707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.2.009
O. Chernova
The stability of the development of the coal industry is largely determined by factor proportions linking its resource potential with production and market opportunities. Therefore, when developing projects for strategic modernization transformations of the coal industry, it is important to identify how their implementation will affect the parameters of sustainable development of the industry. The purpose of the article is to study the prospects for using the relative break-even indicator to ensure sustainable development of the coal industry in Russia in the face of significant external challenges. The hypothesis of the study lies in the assumption that the use of the relative break-even indicator in the development of strategic directions for the development of the coal industry will ensure a dynamic balance of economic and technological aspects under the conditions of significant exogenous shocks. In this work, a parametric model was used that allows one to investigate internal relationships between the economic and technological components of coal mining. The values of the parameters of the parametric model were determined in accordance with the target indicators of the Program for the Development of the Coal Industry of Russia through to 2035. The peculiarity of the proposed methodology for assessing the parameters of the dynamic equilibrium is that it integrates the methods of system dynamics and sustainability, allowing for deep understanding of the relationship between the economic and technological activities of coal mining production. As a result of the study, the conditions for maintaining the relative break-even point of coal-mining industries were determined, taking into account the current trends of changing factor components and the tasks set for the modernization of the coal industry: achieving an increase in coal prices of at least 3%; reduction of the cost of coal mining by at least 14%; an increase in coal production and sales by at least 45%. The conditions for maintaining the parameters of the dynamic equilibrium of the coal industry under various scenarios of changes in world prices for coal have been determined. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using a parametric model of the relative breakeven of production for modeling the parameters of sustainable development of the coal industry. The practical results of this study can be used in the formation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the strategic development of the coal industry and in the development of appropriate planning and management decisions.
{"title":"Relative Break-Even as a Determinant of the Dynamic Balance of the Russian Coal Industry","authors":"O. Chernova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of the development of the coal industry is largely determined by factor proportions linking its resource potential with production and market opportunities. Therefore, when developing projects for strategic modernization transformations of the coal industry, it is important to identify how their implementation will affect the parameters of sustainable development of the industry. The purpose of the article is to study the prospects for using the relative break-even indicator to ensure sustainable development of the coal industry in Russia in the face of significant external challenges. The hypothesis of the study lies in the assumption that the use of the relative break-even indicator in the development of strategic directions for the development of the coal industry will ensure a dynamic balance of economic and technological aspects under the conditions of significant exogenous shocks. In this work, a parametric model was used that allows one to investigate internal relationships between the economic and technological components of coal mining. The values of the parameters of the parametric model were determined in accordance with the target indicators of the Program for the Development of the Coal Industry of Russia through to 2035. The peculiarity of the proposed methodology for assessing the parameters of the dynamic equilibrium is that it integrates the methods of system dynamics and sustainability, allowing for deep understanding of the relationship between the economic and technological activities of coal mining production. As a result of the study, the conditions for maintaining the relative break-even point of coal-mining industries were determined, taking into account the current trends of changing factor components and the tasks set for the modernization of the coal industry: achieving an increase in coal prices of at least 3%; reduction of the cost of coal mining by at least 14%; an increase in coal production and sales by at least 45%. The conditions for maintaining the parameters of the dynamic equilibrium of the coal industry under various scenarios of changes in world prices for coal have been determined. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using a parametric model of the relative breakeven of production for modeling the parameters of sustainable development of the coal industry. The practical results of this study can be used in the formation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the strategic development of the coal industry and in the development of appropriate planning and management decisions.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80947501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.024
E. Balatsky, N. Ekimova, M. Yurevich
The article deals with the problem of weak integration of Russian universities into the real economy. This is one of the most pressing problems of the Russian university system. The purpose of the article is to develop a specialized pilot checklist "Towards business: a model for integrating higher education and the real sector of the economy" and to demonstrate the prospects for its use in regional universities. The general hypothesis of the research is to test the feasibility of creating and using such checklists to help Russian universities in restructuring their organizational models in the direction of strengthening practice orientation. It is shown that at present the market for a new information and analytical product – checklists – is in its infancy and is evolving in several directions. Firstly, it becomes more complicated: the number of constituent documents increases, the number of questions increases, etc. Secondly, the forms of their implementation are being improved: chargeable, bonus, free, by subscription, with an additional package, etc. Thirdly, different algorithms for their application appear: straightforward replication of a standard document, provision of a checklist with subsequent in-depth research and recommendations in relation to a specific customer, the possibility of choosing an additional service for expert assessment, creation and implementation of mobile applications for prompt updating of checklists, and etc. All of this allows the new methodological tool to find application in the higher education system. The article examines some typical examples of the new trend emerging in Spain, Croatia, Great Britain, the USA and Russia, as well as pan-European and Latin American initiatives. The methodology of the author's checklist "Towards business" is based on taking into account the world experience of integrating universities and enterprises in a compact form: an instruction document and a cover note. There have not yet been effective prototypes of the developed checklist in Russia. Cases of using the pilot checklist for reorganizing the model of work of universities in the Kamchatka Territory, the Republic of Dagestan and the Lipetsk Region confirm the general hypothesis of the article.
{"title":"New Tools for Increasing the Practice-Orientedness of Russian Universities: The Market for Checklists","authors":"E. Balatsky, N. Ekimova, M. Yurevich","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.4.024","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of weak integration of Russian universities into the real economy. This is one of the most pressing problems of the Russian university system. The purpose of the article is to develop a specialized pilot checklist \"Towards business: a model for integrating higher education and the real sector of the economy\" and to demonstrate the prospects for its use in regional universities. The general hypothesis of the research is to test the feasibility of creating and using such checklists to help Russian universities in restructuring their organizational models in the direction of strengthening practice orientation. It is shown that at present the market for a new information and analytical product – checklists – is in its infancy and is evolving in several directions. Firstly, it becomes more complicated: the number of constituent documents increases, the number of questions increases, etc. Secondly, the forms of their implementation are being improved: chargeable, bonus, free, by subscription, with an additional package, etc. Thirdly, different algorithms for their application appear: straightforward replication of a standard document, provision of a checklist with subsequent in-depth research and recommendations in relation to a specific customer, the possibility of choosing an additional service for expert assessment, creation and implementation of mobile applications for prompt updating of checklists, and etc. All of this allows the new methodological tool to find application in the higher education system. The article examines some typical examples of the new trend emerging in Spain, Croatia, Great Britain, the USA and Russia, as well as pan-European and Latin American initiatives. The methodology of the author's checklist \"Towards business\" is based on taking into account the world experience of integrating universities and enterprises in a compact form: an instruction document and a cover note. There have not yet been effective prototypes of the developed checklist in Russia. Cases of using the pilot checklist for reorganizing the model of work of universities in the Kamchatka Territory, the Republic of Dagestan and the Lipetsk Region confirm the general hypothesis of the article.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91168290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.4.024
V. Krivorotov, A. Kalina, S. Erypalov, D. I. Kobekina
Innovative development of domestic enterprises and growth of their competitiveness is the most important task at the present stage of development of the country's economy. The purpose of this study is to develop methodological tools that assess the impact of strategic plans for innovative development of an enterprise on the level of its competitiveness. The hypothesis of the study is that the plans for innovative development of the enterprise have a positive impact on the level of competitiveness of the enterprise. The article shows that in modern conditions one of the main directions of increasing the competitiveness of any company is inextricably linked with the formation and use of innovative development systems at enterprises. An analytical review of the existing methods for evaluating the competitiveness of the enterprise is carried out; their advantages and disadvantages are determined. It is shown that there is currently no single universal approach to such evaluation. As a result, a reasonable choice was made in favor of a methodological approach that evaluates competitiveness in dynamics; the main indicators and algorithms used in this approach are presented. The method of assessing the stability of the competitive position of industrial enterprises based on their innovative activity using a number of innovative indicators and taking into account their possible growth in the financing and implementation of innovative projects is proposed. The competitiveness of the largest Russian Pipe Metallurgical Company in comparison with its leading domestic competitors in the period 2017-2019 was evaluated; the main problems and weaknesses in the company's activities that have a negative impact on its competitiveness are identified. An assessment of the innovative activity of the Pipe Metallurgical Company is performed, which shows that the company currently adheres to a strategy based on the introduction of improving innovations. Modeling of the dependence of the level of the competitiveness of the company on the indicators of its innovation activity is performed; the indicators that have the strongest impact are identified, namely: the coefficient of intellectual property security, the coefficient of innovative growth, and the coefficient of development of new products. An example of the implementation of an event aimed at increasing the company's innovation activity indicators and related to the commissioning of unique research equipment for the development of new threaded connections for pipes is given. Based on the projected outcomes of the event, the forecast level of competitiveness of the Pipe Metallurgical Company for the period up to the end of 2020 was determined.
{"title":"Dynamic Assessment of the Company's Competitiveness, Taking into Account the Implementation of Its Innovative Development Strategy","authors":"V. Krivorotov, A. Kalina, S. Erypalov, D. I. Kobekina","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.4.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.4.024","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative development of domestic enterprises and growth of their competitiveness is the most important task at the present stage of development of the country's economy. The purpose of this study is to develop methodological tools that assess the impact of strategic plans for innovative development of an enterprise on the level of its competitiveness. The hypothesis of the study is that the plans for innovative development of the enterprise have a positive impact on the level of competitiveness of the enterprise. The article shows that in modern conditions one of the main directions of increasing the competitiveness of any company is inextricably linked with the formation and use of innovative development systems at enterprises. An analytical review of the existing methods for evaluating the competitiveness of the enterprise is carried out; their advantages and disadvantages are determined. It is shown that there is currently no single universal approach to such evaluation. As a result, a reasonable choice was made in favor of a methodological approach that evaluates competitiveness in dynamics; the main indicators and algorithms used in this approach are presented. The method of assessing the stability of the competitive position of industrial enterprises based on their innovative activity using a number of innovative indicators and taking into account their possible growth in the financing and implementation of innovative projects is proposed. The competitiveness of the largest Russian Pipe Metallurgical Company in comparison with its leading domestic competitors in the period 2017-2019 was evaluated; the main problems and weaknesses in the company's activities that have a negative impact on its competitiveness are identified. An assessment of the innovative activity of the Pipe Metallurgical Company is performed, which shows that the company currently adheres to a strategy based on the introduction of improving innovations. Modeling of the dependence of the level of the competitiveness of the company on the indicators of its innovation activity is performed; the indicators that have the strongest impact are identified, namely: the coefficient of intellectual property security, the coefficient of innovative growth, and the coefficient of development of new products. An example of the implementation of an event aimed at increasing the company's innovation activity indicators and related to the commissioning of unique research equipment for the development of new threaded connections for pipes is given. Based on the projected outcomes of the event, the forecast level of competitiveness of the Pipe Metallurgical Company for the period up to the end of 2020 was determined.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87380356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.2.012
I. Anokhov
. Theorists and practitioners have always focused on property and related re-lationships as they have a decisive effect on all other social processes. The aim of the article is to study the changes in attitudes towards property on the part of entrepreneurs after complete digitalization of economic activity and the implementation of the Harberger system. Based on the analysis of digitalization trends in economic relations, it is stated that maximum transparency of property rights and the income generated by it will be achieved. Encouraging a periodic change of ownership in the Harberger system may lead to a regime of «non-property». The consequence of these processes will be the impossibility of obtaining a positive profit in the long term, relying solely on tan-gible property. To write the article, the methodology of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving was used, with the help of which the consequences of digitalization of property relations and the implementation of the Harberger system are assessed. In accor-dance with this theory, the article identifies the following elements of ownership used in production activities: «engine», «working body», «transmission», «calculator», «energy source». It is stated that digitalization will lead to the autonomy of these elements and the removal of restrictions on access to them for most business entities. Thus, the dif-ferences in the methods of combining resources among various entrepreneurs are rad-ically reduced. The article substantiates the thesis that entrepreneurial activity will be preserved only in those segments of the economy that can operate without the partic-ipation of a computer and where it is possible to use a communal form of ownership using highly specific assets. The consequence of these processes will be the division of to-day’s property owners into administrators and entrepreneurs. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to develop measures to maintain entrepreneurial activity in the new conditions. A radical contraction of the sphere of entrepreneurship and its transition to a communal form of ownership will require fundamentally different qualities from the entrepreneurs themselves: cooperation, non-rivalry; trust, long-term alignment of interests, unselfishness.
{"title":"Digitalization of Property Relations in the Harberger System as a Catalyst for the Development of Communal Ownership","authors":"I. Anokhov","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.2.012","url":null,"abstract":". Theorists and practitioners have always focused on property and related re-lationships as they have a decisive effect on all other social processes. The aim of the article is to study the changes in attitudes towards property on the part of entrepreneurs after complete digitalization of economic activity and the implementation of the Harberger system. Based on the analysis of digitalization trends in economic relations, it is stated that maximum transparency of property rights and the income generated by it will be achieved. Encouraging a periodic change of ownership in the Harberger system may lead to a regime of «non-property». The consequence of these processes will be the impossibility of obtaining a positive profit in the long term, relying solely on tan-gible property. To write the article, the methodology of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving was used, with the help of which the consequences of digitalization of property relations and the implementation of the Harberger system are assessed. In accor-dance with this theory, the article identifies the following elements of ownership used in production activities: «engine», «working body», «transmission», «calculator», «energy source». It is stated that digitalization will lead to the autonomy of these elements and the removal of restrictions on access to them for most business entities. Thus, the dif-ferences in the methods of combining resources among various entrepreneurs are rad-ically reduced. The article substantiates the thesis that entrepreneurial activity will be preserved only in those segments of the economy that can operate without the partic-ipation of a computer and where it is possible to use a communal form of ownership using highly specific assets. The consequence of these processes will be the division of to-day’s property owners into administrators and entrepreneurs. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to develop measures to maintain entrepreneurial activity in the new conditions. A radical contraction of the sphere of entrepreneurship and its transition to a communal form of ownership will require fundamentally different qualities from the entrepreneurs themselves: cooperation, non-rivalry; trust, long-term alignment of interests, unselfishness.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77636228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.2.007
D. Lapov, I. Mayburov
. In the scientific and political circles of Russia, discussions do not stop about the validity of progressive income tax brackets and the need for its application at all. The purpose of the study is to provide economic justification of a progressive income taxation system, which makes it possible to take into account the distribution of the real tax burden among different income groups of the population of modern Russia. The hypothesis of the study is an assumption that in income taxation it will be economical-ly justified and appropriate to use tax rates that would correct imbalances in the inflation of the cost of consumer baskets of different population groups. The methodological framework of the study includes theories describing the impact of progressive income taxation on the economy. The authors’ own data analysis technique was used, taking into account both consumption and household savings, which allowed them to reveal the dependence of consumer and savings behavior of households on their income level. The empirical basis of the study is data of the Federal Statistics Service of Russia and the data of the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population by the Higher School of Economics. The novelty of the results lies in the description of the model of the distribution of the real tax burden with proportional income tax, char-acterized by a four-fold increase in the inflation rate of the consumer basket of the first decile in comparison with the tenth decile. As shown by the empirical data used in the study, taking into account the inequality of decile groups in the inflation of the value of consumer baskets, ensuring an average tax rate of 13 % calls for the introduction of dif-ferentiated tax rates. A progressive model of the distribution of the real tax burden that takes into account the real tax burden should establish a more than four-fold difference of tax rates for higher income groups. The application of such a model in income taxation will require the government to periodically update tax rates and have methods for obtain-ing reliable data on inflation in the value of consumer baskets and the normal amount of savings for each income group.
{"title":"Possibilities of Accounting for the Real Tax Burden When Modeling the Scale of Income Taxation","authors":"D. Lapov, I. Mayburov","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.2.007","url":null,"abstract":". In the scientific and political circles of Russia, discussions do not stop about the validity of progressive income tax brackets and the need for its application at all. The purpose of the study is to provide economic justification of a progressive income taxation system, which makes it possible to take into account the distribution of the real tax burden among different income groups of the population of modern Russia. The hypothesis of the study is an assumption that in income taxation it will be economical-ly justified and appropriate to use tax rates that would correct imbalances in the inflation of the cost of consumer baskets of different population groups. The methodological framework of the study includes theories describing the impact of progressive income taxation on the economy. The authors’ own data analysis technique was used, taking into account both consumption and household savings, which allowed them to reveal the dependence of consumer and savings behavior of households on their income level. The empirical basis of the study is data of the Federal Statistics Service of Russia and the data of the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population by the Higher School of Economics. The novelty of the results lies in the description of the model of the distribution of the real tax burden with proportional income tax, char-acterized by a four-fold increase in the inflation rate of the consumer basket of the first decile in comparison with the tenth decile. As shown by the empirical data used in the study, taking into account the inequality of decile groups in the inflation of the value of consumer baskets, ensuring an average tax rate of 13 % calls for the introduction of dif-ferentiated tax rates. A progressive model of the distribution of the real tax burden that takes into account the real tax burden should establish a more than four-fold difference of tax rates for higher income groups. The application of such a model in income taxation will require the government to periodically update tax rates and have methods for obtain-ing reliable data on inflation in the value of consumer baskets and the normal amount of savings for each income group.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75504391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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