Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.009
Michael Ehrlich
This article’s aim is to explore the interplay between the Muslim occupation of cities and those cities’ urban development during this period. How did the Muslims manage to integrate themselves as a new ruling class in functioning urban tissues with almost no destruction of churches and synagogues? I suggest that the Muslims employed a uniform, premeditated policy, whose surviving physical manifestation is the proximity between churches and mosques, mostly in cities’ centers. I further suggest that this proximity transformed the cities’ markets from fora and cardisnes into aswāq.
{"title":"De la iglesia y el foro a la mezquita y el sūq: la evolución de las ciudades mediterráneas durante el periodo omeya","authors":"Michael Ehrlich","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.009","url":null,"abstract":"This article’s aim is to explore the interplay between the Muslim occupation of cities and those cities’ urban development during this period. How did the Muslims manage to integrate themselves as a new ruling class in functioning urban tissues with almost no destruction of churches and synagogues? I suggest that the Muslims employed a uniform, premeditated policy, whose surviving physical manifestation is the proximity between churches and mosques, mostly in cities’ centers. I further suggest that this proximity transformed the cities’ markets from fora and cardisnes into aswāq.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76605051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.012
Jean-Pierre Molénat
During four centuries Christians (of Roman and Visigothic rite), Muslims and Jews coexisted in the city of Toledo. But such coexistence, before its tragical end, went through many changes and vicissitudes. While Mozarabs (arabized Christians of Visigothic rite), who had been dominant in the city for a long period of time, mingled with Spanishspeaking and Roman Christians, Muslims (Mudejars), who were always scarce, experienced a climax in the 14th Century, before losing ground and being marginalized in the 15th Century. As regards Jews, their high position in money trade made them the perfect focus for popular disgrace and anger, especially in the 14th and 15th Century, after they converted to Christianism, frankly or in simulated manner.
{"title":"Toledo, siglos XII-XV. La coexistencia de cristianos (latinos y mozárabes), musulmanes y judíos. Una síntesis","authors":"Jean-Pierre Molénat","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.012","url":null,"abstract":"During four centuries Christians (of Roman and Visigothic rite), Muslims and Jews coexisted in the city of Toledo. But such coexistence, before its tragical end, went through many changes and vicissitudes. While Mozarabs (arabized Christians of Visigothic rite), who had been dominant in the city for a long period of time, mingled with Spanishspeaking and Roman Christians, Muslims (Mudejars), who were always scarce, experienced a climax in the 14th Century, before losing ground and being marginalized in the 15th Century. As regards Jews, their high position in money trade made them the perfect focus for popular disgrace and anger, especially in the 14th and 15th Century, after they converted to Christianism, frankly or in simulated manner.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85545150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.013
Isabel Molero-Rodrigo
All the osteological data analyzed in this article belongs to two muslim necropolis of Toledo. This study has enabled us to make inferences about the physical characteristics of the Andalusian population who lived in the city in the 8th-11th centuries. We have to keep in mind that Toledo has been a city open to the mixing of cultures and therefore, has received a great weight of external influences during Antiquity and the Middle Ages. For this reason, archaeologists must examine in great detail characteristics such as the extension of the cemetery areas, the proportions of the graves and the placement of the bodies. However, the simplicity of the Muslim ritual, makes the skeletal remains one of the main subject of study. However, the special relevance that these maqābir have had for centuries, contrasts with the absence of scientific publications in relation to its anthropological study. In this sense, this work offers consistent and unpublished documentation of a society, whose strong indigenous component, has maintained its own impact during the process of Islamization.
{"title":"Estudio bioantropológico de dos maqābir en Toledo: apuntes sobre indigenismo en al-Andalus","authors":"Isabel Molero-Rodrigo","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.013","url":null,"abstract":"All the osteological data analyzed in this article belongs to two muslim necropolis of Toledo. This study has enabled us to make inferences about the physical characteristics of the Andalusian population who lived in the city in the 8th-11th centuries. We have to keep in mind that Toledo has been a city open to the mixing of cultures and therefore, has received a great weight of external influences during Antiquity and the Middle Ages. For this reason, archaeologists must examine in great detail characteristics such as the extension of the cemetery areas, the proportions of the graves and the placement of the bodies. However, the simplicity of the Muslim ritual, makes the skeletal remains one of the main subject of study. However, the special relevance that these maqābir have had for centuries, contrasts with the absence of scientific publications in relation to its anthropological study. In this sense, this work offers consistent and unpublished documentation of a society, whose strong indigenous component, has maintained its own impact during the process of Islamization.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75185981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.014
E. Tornero
The doctrine of shafā‘a, that is to say, the eschatological intercession of the Prophet for his community, is presented in this work from the perspective of the new bonds of social cohesion of the religious society created by Islam that replaced the aṣabiyya tribal, being the shafā‘a the colophon and the final touch of these new links. After studying this doctrine the security of the final salvation that it offers, a most valuable element of social cohesion, is confirmed, and the exclusivity of the shafā‘a for only the Muslims is highlighted through the comparison of The dispute between the animals and the man of the Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ with Turmeda Dispute of the donkey and through the true cause of the death of al-Ḥallāj according to al-Rūmī. There is, however, an exception to this exclusivity since there are Muslims who are excluded from the shafā‘a. These are the heretics who, with the disclosure of their new doctrines, endanger the unity and cohesion of the community. It ends by suggesting the possible influence of this Islamic doctrine in the devotion to the intercession of the Virgin, since the Marian devotion that with such force bursts into the Christian West from the twelfth century and that is reflected in the Alfonso X the Wise Cantigas and in the Berceo Miracles of Our Lady is a phenomenon still in discussion.
{"title":"Šafā‘a. La cohesión de una sociedad","authors":"E. Tornero","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.014","url":null,"abstract":"The doctrine of shafā‘a, that is to say, the eschatological intercession of the Prophet for his community, is presented in this work from the perspective of the new bonds of social cohesion of the religious society created by Islam that replaced the aṣabiyya tribal, being the shafā‘a the colophon and the final touch of these new links. After studying this doctrine the security of the final salvation that it offers, a most valuable element of social cohesion, is confirmed, and the exclusivity of the shafā‘a for only the Muslims is highlighted through the comparison of The dispute between the animals and the man of the Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ with Turmeda Dispute of the donkey and through the true cause of the death of al-Ḥallāj according to al-Rūmī. There is, however, an exception to this exclusivity since there are Muslims who are excluded from the shafā‘a. These are the heretics who, with the disclosure of their new doctrines, endanger the unity and cohesion of the community. It ends by suggesting the possible influence of this Islamic doctrine in the devotion to the intercession of the Virgin, since the Marian devotion that with such force bursts into the Christian West from the twelfth century and that is reflected in the Alfonso X the Wise Cantigas and in the Berceo Miracles of Our Lady is a phenomenon still in discussion.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74293989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.003
Jaime Coullaut Cordero
One of the Spanish Muslim authors that could not be identified until now is Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-‛Āṣ al-Andalusī, to whom two short medical treatises are attributed. A study of the preserved manuscripts of both works, as well as the revision of some sources and recently published studies, will allow us to identify this author as the Granadan Morisco Muḥammad b. Abī l-‛Āṣī (or Muhhemed Bulhac), a physician that in the first half of the 17th century left the Iberian Peninsula to reside in Istanbul, and afterwards in Cairo, where his trace is lost in the year 1637. In this article, we will expose all the available biographical data about this person, and we will make a brief analysis of his two treatises.
直到现在还不能确定的一位西班牙穆斯林作者是Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. abl - ' Āṣ al- andalusi，他写了两篇简短的医学论文。对这两部作品的保存手稿的研究，以及对一些来源和最近发表的研究的修订，将使我们能够确定这位作者是Granadan Morisco Muḥammad b. abl - ' Āṣī(或muhmed Bulhac)，一位医生，在17世纪上半叶离开伊比利亚半岛居住在伊斯坦布尔，后来在开罗，他的痕迹在1637年消失了。在这篇文章中，我们将揭露所有关于这个人的传记资料，我们将简要分析他的两篇论文。
{"title":"Vida y obra de un médico morisco en el exilio: Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-‛Āṣ (ss. XVI-XVII)","authors":"Jaime Coullaut Cordero","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"One of the Spanish Muslim authors that could not be identified until now is Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-‛Āṣ al-Andalusī, to whom two short medical treatises are attributed. A study of the preserved manuscripts of both works, as well as the revision of some sources and recently published studies, will allow us to identify this author as the Granadan Morisco Muḥammad b. Abī l-‛Āṣī (or Muhhemed Bulhac), a physician that in the first half of the 17th century left the Iberian Peninsula to reside in Istanbul, and afterwards in Cairo, where his trace is lost in the year 1637. In this article, we will expose all the available biographical data about this person, and we will make a brief analysis of his two treatises.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76543728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.v40.i1
Francisco Franco-Sánchez
El ámbito de las obras sobre geografía o cartografía árabes medievales o la publicación de textos geográficos ha sufrido ciertos vaivenes a lo largo de los dos últimos siglos. Desde la eclosión de los estudios de André Miquel y su escuela durante los años 1970 y 80, en la última década hemos asistido a un nuevo auge de publicaciones relacionadas con textos y temas geográficos. Hemos escogido una serie de ediciones de obras geográficas diversas que vienen a representar esa eclosión, y seguidamente vamos a hacer una somera presentación y comentario de las mismas con el objetivo de darlas a conocer, para lo cual seguiremos un criterio cronológico de edición.
{"title":"Anotaciones bibliográficas sobre geografía y cartografía de época medieval (I)","authors":"Francisco Franco-Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.v40.i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.v40.i1","url":null,"abstract":"El ámbito de las obras sobre geografía o cartografía árabes medievales o la publicación de textos geográficos ha sufrido ciertos vaivenes a lo largo de los dos últimos siglos. Desde la eclosión de los estudios de André Miquel y su escuela durante los años 1970 y 80, en la última década hemos asistido a un nuevo auge de publicaciones relacionadas con textos y temas geográficos. Hemos escogido una serie de ediciones de obras geográficas diversas que vienen a representar esa eclosión, y seguidamente vamos a hacer una somera presentación y comentario de las mismas con el objetivo de darlas a conocer, para lo cual seguiremos un criterio cronológico de edición.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89064952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.007
David J. Wasserstein
The article discusses an autobiographical passage in the life of al-Ṭurṭūshī (ca. 451/1059-520/1126, or Jumādā I 525/April 1131) contained in the Siyar A‘lām al-Nubalā’ of al-Dhahabī (673/1274-748/1348). The text reports a remarkable set of meteorological phenomena during al-Ṭurṭūshī’s visit to Baghdad in 478/1085-86. Fierro interpreted the story as a description of an eclipse, and as lying at the origin of al-Ṭurṭūshī’s turn to asceticism, paralleling a similar story about the earlier Muḥammad Iḅn Waḍḍāḥ. I show here, based on astronomical records, that there was no eclipse at that time in Baghdad, consequently that what al-Ṭurṭūshī experienced could not have been one. Further, al-Ṭurṭūshī did not understand it as having been one. It could not, therefore, have been the cause of his turn to asceticism. The description points more naturally instead to a dust-storm, or simoom. There is therefore no link, literary or other, between this aspect of the life of al-Ṭurṭūshī and that of Muḥammad Iḅn Waḍḍāḥ.
本文讨论了al- -Ṭurṭūshī(约451/1059-520/1126，或Jumādā I 525/ 1131年4月)在al- dhahab的Siyar A 'lām al- nubalha '(673/1274-748/1348)中的一段自传。本文报道了al-Ṭurṭūshī在478/1085-86年访问巴格达期间的一系列引人注目的气象现象。菲耶罗将这个故事解释为日食的描述，并将其视为al-Ṭurṭūshī转向禁欲主义的起源，与早期Muḥammad Iḅn Waḍḍāḥ的类似故事相对应。我在这里展示，根据天文记录，当时巴格达没有日食，因此al-Ṭurṭūshī所经历的不可能是日食。此外，al-Ṭurṭūshī并不理解它曾经是一个。因此，它不可能是他转向禁欲主义的原因。这一描述更自然地指向沙尘暴或沙尘暴。因此，在al-Ṭurṭūshī和Muḥammad Iḅn Waḍḍāḥ的生活的这一方面之间没有任何联系，无论是文学上的还是其他方面的。
{"title":"Mal tiempo en Bagdad: al-Ṭurṭūšī y el “eclipse” de 478/1085-1086","authors":"David J. Wasserstein","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses an autobiographical passage in the life of al-Ṭurṭūshī (ca. 451/1059-520/1126, or Jumādā I 525/April 1131) contained in the Siyar A‘lām al-Nubalā’ of al-Dhahabī (673/1274-748/1348). The text reports a remarkable set of meteorological phenomena during al-Ṭurṭūshī’s visit to Baghdad in 478/1085-86. Fierro interpreted the story as a description of an eclipse, and as lying at the origin of al-Ṭurṭūshī’s turn to asceticism, paralleling a similar story about the earlier Muḥammad Iḅn Waḍḍāḥ. I show here, based on astronomical records, that there was no eclipse at that time in Baghdad, consequently that what al-Ṭurṭūshī experienced could not have been one. Further, al-Ṭurṭūshī did not understand it as having been one. It could not, therefore, have been the cause of his turn to asceticism. The description points more naturally instead to a dust-storm, or simoom. There is therefore no link, literary or other, between this aspect of the life of al-Ṭurṭūshī and that of Muḥammad Iḅn Waḍḍāḥ.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89275855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.006
José Martínez Delgado
On the basis of the descriptions of the sponsorships and patronage policies applied by the Umayyad caliphs of Cordoba and the educational stages of the time, all the well-known data on the Hebrew philologists and the study of biblical Hebrew in the capital of al-Andalus during the caliphate are reinterpreted, confirming that the Jews participated and benefited from these policies by exploiting them in all their ramifications.
{"title":"Estudio y enseñanza del hebreo bíblico en la Córdoba califal (929-1031)","authors":"José Martínez Delgado","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.006","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the descriptions of the sponsorships and patronage policies applied by the Umayyad caliphs of Cordoba and the educational stages of the time, all the well-known data on the Hebrew philologists and the study of biblical Hebrew in the capital of al-Andalus during the caliphate are reinterpreted, confirming that the Jews participated and benefited from these policies by exploiting them in all their ramifications.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85227360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.004
Rachid El Hour
This article studies the figures of Abū Ya῾za and al-Yuḥānisī taking into consideration their education and intellectual training. The two cases under analysis allow us, not just to understand the characteristics of the so called awliyā’, “friends of God”, but also to suggest the existence of two possible models of sainthood in the Islamic West: a Maghrebi model of sainthood and an Andalusi model. These two models share common elements but also reveal clear differences, particularly regarding education and training. The present study will therefore analyse Abū Ya῾za’s and al-Yuḥānisī’s intellectual development, paying close attention to aspects such as the role of teaching and teachers, the presence of the Berber language in teaching practices and riḥla to the Eastern territories, as an essential part of scholarly training.
{"title":"Reflexiones acerca de la formación intelectual de Abū Ya‛zà y al-Yuḥānisī: dos modelos de santidad en el Occidente Islámico medieval","authors":"Rachid El Hour","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the figures of Abū Ya῾za and al-Yuḥānisī taking into consideration their education and intellectual training. The two cases under analysis allow us, not just to understand the characteristics of the so called awliyā’, “friends of God”, but also to suggest the existence of two possible models of sainthood in the Islamic West: a Maghrebi model of sainthood and an Andalusi model. These two models share common elements but also reveal clear differences, particularly regarding education and training. The present study will therefore analyse Abū Ya῾za’s and al-Yuḥānisī’s intellectual development, paying close attention to aspects such as the role of teaching and teachers, the presence of the Berber language in teaching practices and riḥla to the Eastern territories, as an essential part of scholarly training.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87822020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.2019.008
Manuel Espinar Moreno
The discovery of the plane of the mosque of Granada, dating from 1507, allows us to offer this interesting news. Archaeology, history and art of Granada have new data to study the great mosque and its surroundings. We had works of renowned authors. However, this new contribution raises new approaches in the investigation of the monuments.
{"title":"Noticias para la Arqueología e Historia de Granada: Plano de la Mezquita Mayor de Granada de 1507 en poder de Cisneros","authors":"Manuel Espinar Moreno","doi":"10.3989/alqantara.2019.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.008","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of the plane of the mosque of Granada, dating from 1507, allows us to offer this interesting news. Archaeology, history and art of Granada have new data to study the great mosque and its surroundings. We had works of renowned authors. However, this new contribution raises new approaches in the investigation of the monuments.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75753436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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