Pub Date : 2013-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.009
Lahcen Daaïf
The city of Meknes is identified mainly with a single monument: the gate of Bāb Manṣūr al-‛Ilǧ, which was built by Mawlāy Ismā‛īl and then restored and decorated by his son, Mawlāy ‛Abd Allāh. This article aims to retrace, in their respective historical contexts, the two key stages of the building of this gate, dwelling upon both its architectural presentation and its epigraphic description. It provides a complete deciphering of the engraving found on the upper part of the gate’s exterior facade, followed by a new translation, as well as illustrations.
{"title":"Les inscriptions de Bāb Manṣūr al-‛Ilǧ : déchiffrement et traduction","authors":"Lahcen Daaïf","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.009","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Meknes is identified mainly with a single monument: the gate of Bāb Manṣūr al-‛Ilǧ, which was built by Mawlāy Ismā‛īl and then restored and decorated by his son, Mawlāy ‛Abd Allāh. This article aims to retrace, \u0000in their respective historical contexts, the two key stages of the building of this gate, dwelling upon both its architectural presentation and its epigraphic description. It provides a complete deciphering of the engraving found on the upper part of the gate’s exterior facade, followed by a new translation, as well as illustrations.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78886802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.012
Mercedes García-Arenal
This introduction presents the different contributions included in this monographical section and woves it around two basic tenants: that disimulation and its legitimation are necessarily connected with escathological tension and messianic believes, and that it requires a group which considers itself apart and superior, expecting or planning a different future.
{"title":"Introducción. Taqiyya : disimulo legal","authors":"Mercedes García-Arenal","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.012","url":null,"abstract":"This introduction presents the different contributions included in this monographical section and woves it around two basic tenants: that disimulation and its legitimation are necessarily connected with escathological tension and messianic believes, and that it requires a group which considers itself apart and superior, expecting or planning a different future.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84225280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.011
G. D. Callatay
This article is concerned with the introduction of the Rasa’il Ikhwan al-Safa’ to al-Andalus, and the implication this question has for the history of Arabic science and philosophy. More specifically, it focuses on the impact of the encyclopaedia of the Brethren of Purity on the Rutbat al-Hakim and the Ghayat al- Hakim, two important works of the literature of al-Andalus in the field of occult sciences. The article revisits the issue of authorship and chronology of the three works, highlighting the fact that the corpus of the Rasa’il is the product of a historically long process of composition and confirming with some new clues the identification of the author of the Rutba and the Ghaya with Maslama al-Qurtubi (d. 964). The textual comparison of these three works and, in particular, the study of the still unedited Rutba enables one to identify Maslama al-Qurtubi as the genuine transmitter of the Ikhwanian corpus to al-Andalus.
这篇文章是关于将Rasa ' il Ikhwan al-Safa '介绍给al-Andalus，以及这个问题对阿拉伯科学和哲学史的影响。更具体地说，它侧重于《纯洁兄弟会百科全书》对《Rutbat al-Hakim》和《Ghayat al-Hakim》的影响，这是安达卢斯文学在神秘科学领域的两部重要作品。这篇文章重新讨论了这三部作品的作者和年代问题，强调了《Rasa’il》的语料库是一个历史上漫长的创作过程的产物，并通过一些新的线索确认了《Rutba》和《Ghaya》的作者是Maslama al-Qurtubi(公元964年)。对这三部作品的文本比较，特别是对尚未编辑的Rutba的研究，使人们能够确定Maslama al-Qurtubi是将Ikhwanian语料库传递给al-Andalus的真正传播者。
{"title":"Magia en al-Andalus: Rasā’il ijwān al-Ṣafā’, Rutbat al-ḥakīm y Gāyat al-ḥakīm (Picatrix)","authors":"G. D. Callatay","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.011","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with the introduction of the Rasa’il Ikhwan al-Safa’ to al-Andalus, and the implication this question has for the history of Arabic science and philosophy. More specifically, it focuses on the impact of the encyclopaedia of the Brethren of Purity on the Rutbat al-Hakim and the Ghayat al- Hakim, two important works of the literature of al-Andalus in the field of occult sciences. The article revisits the issue of authorship and chronology of the three works, highlighting the fact that the corpus of the Rasa’il is the product of a historically long process of composition and confirming with some new clues the identification of the author of the Rutba and the Ghaya with Maslama al-Qurtubi (d. 964). The textual comparison of these three works and, in particular, the study of the still unedited Rutba enables one to identify Maslama al-Qurtubi as the genuine transmitter of the Ikhwanian corpus to al-Andalus.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86724538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.013
D. D. Smet
This article explores the concepts of taqiyya and kitmān as they were developed by Ismā‛īli authors of the 10th and 11th centuries. In the present « cycle of occultation » « true knowledge » is veiled under the wordings of revealed texts and laws. Only the imāms and their disciples have access to this knowledge, but they are supposed to keep it secret. This obligation of secrecy is part of the oath of allegiance that every Ismā‛īli has to take prior to his initiation. But even the imāms were forced to act with care and in secret. At certain moments, they had to go into occultation ( satr, istitār ), hiding their true identity and their abode. The practice of taqiyya and kitmān is presented as the hidden sense of the Qur’ānic prescriptions about fasting during Ramadan. Breaking the fast illegally means transgressing the rules of taqiyya , whereas ‘Id al-fiṭr symbolizes the final abolition of taqiyya . Fatimid authors interpret the rise of ‘Abd Allāh al-Mahdī and the foundation of the Fatimid state in Ifrīqiya as a sign announcing Id al-fiṭr ,which will occur with the advent of the Qā’im on the day of the Great Resurrection. By opening a new « cycle of manifestation » he will abrogate all exoteric religions and laws. Knowledge will be directly accessible, without zāhir nor bāṭin . Hence, there will be no longer a need to observe taqiyya or kitmān . As Ismā‛īlism is a messianic movement with strong political aims, it makes no sense to distinguish prudential and esoteric aspects of secrecy in its theory of taqiyya .
{"title":"La taqiyya et le jeûne du Ramadan : quelques réflexions ismaéliennes sur le sens ésotérique de la charia","authors":"D. D. Smet","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.013","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the concepts of taqiyya and kitmān as they were developed by Ismā‛īli authors of the 10th and 11th centuries. In the present « cycle of occultation » « true knowledge » is veiled under the wordings of revealed texts and laws. Only the imāms and their disciples have access to this knowledge, but they are supposed to keep it secret. This obligation of secrecy is part of the oath of allegiance that every Ismā‛īli has to take prior to his initiation. But even the imāms were forced to act with care and in secret. At certain moments, they had to go into occultation ( satr, istitār ), hiding their true identity and their abode. The practice of taqiyya and kitmān is presented as the hidden sense of the Qur’ānic prescriptions about fasting during Ramadan. Breaking the fast illegally means transgressing the rules of taqiyya , whereas ‘Id al-fiṭr symbolizes the final abolition of taqiyya . Fatimid authors interpret the rise of ‘Abd Allāh al-Mahdī and the foundation of the Fatimid state in Ifrīqiya as a sign announcing Id al-fiṭr ,which will occur with the advent of the Qā’im on the day of the Great Resurrection. By opening a new « cycle of manifestation » he will abrogate all exoteric religions and laws. Knowledge will be directly accessible, without zāhir nor bāṭin . Hence, there will be no longer a need to observe taqiyya or kitmān . As Ismā‛īlism is a messianic movement with strong political aims, it makes no sense to distinguish prudential and esoteric aspects of secrecy in its theory of taqiyya .","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82629261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.002
Keren Abbou Hershkovits, Z. Hadromi-Allouche
This paper examines the way authors of three medieval Islamic biographical dictionaries portrayed the lives, behavior and characteristics of three key figures of Greco-Roman medicine, Asclepius, Hippocrates and Galen. Particular attention was given to the vocabulary and phrasing used in the biographies, and associations with other literary genres or figures. An analysis of these biographies demonstrates a significant resemblance between the portrayal of these Greco-Roman physicians and the lives of prophetic figures in Islam, and especially that of the Prophet Muḥammad. In addition, these biographies align with features attributed to pious Muslims. This study demonstrates that Muslim biographers constructed these biographies as part of a general tendency to associate medicine with Islam, and the origins of medical knowledge with prophetic wisdom. This study mantains that the connotations and use of this particular terminology allows for a positive view of the science of medicine in these Islamic compositions in which they were included.
{"title":"Divine Doctors: The Construction of the Image of Three Greek Physicians in Islamic Biographical Dictionaries of Physicians","authors":"Keren Abbou Hershkovits, Z. Hadromi-Allouche","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the way authors of three medieval Islamic biographical dictionaries portrayed the lives, behavior and characteristics of three key figures of Greco-Roman medicine, Asclepius, Hippocrates and Galen. Particular attention was given to the vocabulary and phrasing used in the biographies, and associations with other literary genres or figures. An analysis of these biographies demonstrates a significant resemblance between the portrayal of these Greco-Roman physicians and the lives of prophetic figures in Islam, and especially that of the Prophet Muḥammad. In addition, these biographies align with features attributed to pious Muslims. This study demonstrates that Muslim biographers constructed these biographies as part of a general tendency to associate medicine with Islam, and the origins of medical knowledge with prophetic wisdom. This study mantains that the connotations and use of this particular terminology allows for a positive view of the science of medicine in these Islamic compositions in which they were included.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75263205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.003
E. Tornero
This article explores the postkoranic evolution of the term sakīna . First, it examines what previous research has said about that. It then presents, translates, and analizes five texts—which had not been taken into consideration previously— pertaining to the Islamic and philosophical fields in which this term occurs. The texts have been taken from Ibn Ḥabīb, al-Tawḥīdī, the Arabic translation of the Golden Verses, and the two Commentaries on the Golden Verses attributed respectively to Iamblichus and Proclus. The article shows how the Koranic sakīna has evolved in these texts: it connotes pacification of violent animals in Ibn Habib, in al-Tawhidi it denotes a state close to Divinity of characters similar to Sufis: in the Golden Verses, the term sakīna is used to translate daimōn , thanks to which evils originating from innate discord among humans are eliminated; finally, the Commentaries on the Golden Verses contain explanations of this term that are both religious and rationalist.
{"title":"Sakīna : contribución a su estudio","authors":"E. Tornero","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.003","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the postkoranic evolution of the term sakīna . First, it examines what previous research has said about that. It then presents, translates, and analizes five texts—which had not been taken into consideration previously— pertaining to the Islamic and philosophical fields in which this term occurs. The texts have been taken from Ibn Ḥabīb, al-Tawḥīdī, the Arabic translation of the Golden Verses, and the two Commentaries on the Golden Verses attributed respectively to Iamblichus and Proclus. The article shows how the Koranic sakīna has evolved in these texts: it connotes pacification of violent animals in Ibn Habib, in al-Tawhidi it denotes a state close to Divinity of characters similar to Sufis: in the Golden Verses, the term sakīna is used to translate daimōn , thanks to which evils originating from innate discord among humans are eliminated; finally, the Commentaries on the Golden Verses contain explanations of this term that are both religious and rationalist.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76671302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.005
Virginie Prevost
Besides the secession of the Nukkāriyya and the Ḥalafiyya, the Rustamid imam Aflaḥ (c. 823-871) had to face Naffāṯ b. Naṣr’s dissidence. After he was refused the function of Qanṭrāra’s governor, Naffāṯ publicly slandered Aflaḥ whom he mostly blamed for his expensive tastes and his lack of combativeness towards the Aġlabids. The anti-Rustamid propaganda of Naffāṯ quickly attracted a lot of Ibāḍīs to the Jarīd as well as to the Jabal Nafūsa. That enthusiasm just shows how, already during Aflaḥ’s reign, the Rustamid authority was a subject of controversy among the Ibāḍīs. Although it never caused an armed revolt, that schism really worried the Rustamid leaders. This article gathers all the facts concerning Naffāṯ in the Ibāḍī sources and tries to reconstruct his life and to draw up the list of the new opinions he proposed. The Naffāṯiyya movement is very interesting, on account of both its longevity and its geographical expansion, as well as for the great number of documents dealing with it. Those documents that appear throughout the centuries in the Ibāḍī sources allow to understand better the personality of Naffāṯ b. Naṣr, who was an intellectual rather than the leader of an organized movement.
除了Nukkāriyya和Ḥalafiyya的分裂之外，Rustamid伊玛目aflaama(约823-871)还必须面对Naffāṯ b. Naṣr的异议。在他被拒绝担任Qanṭrāra的州长后，Naffāṯ公开诽谤aflazai，他主要指责aflazai品味昂贵，对Aġlabids缺乏斗志。Naffāṯ的反鲁斯塔德宣传迅速吸引了许多Ibāḍīs到jarjard和Jabal Nafūsa。这种热情恰恰表明，早在阿夫拉罕统治时期，鲁斯塔德王朝的权威就已经成为Ibāḍīs争议的主题。虽然它从未引起武装叛乱，但这种分裂确实让鲁斯塔米德领导人感到担忧。本文收集了Ibāḍī资料中有关Naffāṯ的所有事实，并试图重建他的生活，并列出他提出的新观点清单。Naffāṯiyya运动非常有趣，因为它的持续时间长，地理范围广，还有大量与之相关的文件。几个世纪以来出现在Ibāḍī资料中的那些文件使我们能够更好地了解Naffāṯ b. Naṣr的个性，他是一个知识分子，而不是一个有组织运动的领导人。
{"title":"Les innovations de Naffāṯ b. Naṣr ou le troisième schisme chez les ibadites","authors":"Virginie Prevost","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.005","url":null,"abstract":"Besides the secession of the Nukkāriyya and the Ḥalafiyya, the Rustamid imam Aflaḥ (c. 823-871) had to face Naffāṯ b. Naṣr’s dissidence. After he was refused the function of Qanṭrāra’s governor, Naffāṯ publicly slandered Aflaḥ whom he mostly blamed for his expensive tastes and his lack of combativeness towards the Aġlabids. The anti-Rustamid propaganda of Naffāṯ quickly attracted a lot of Ibāḍīs to the Jarīd as well as to the Jabal Nafūsa. That enthusiasm just shows how, already during Aflaḥ’s reign, the Rustamid authority was a subject of controversy among the Ibāḍīs. Although it never caused an armed revolt, that schism really worried the Rustamid leaders. This article gathers all the facts concerning Naffāṯ in the Ibāḍī sources and tries to reconstruct his life and to draw up the list of the new opinions he proposed. The Naffāṯiyya movement is very interesting, on account of both its longevity and its geographical expansion, as well as for the great number of documents dealing with it. Those documents that appear throughout the centuries in the Ibāḍī sources allow to understand better the personality of Naffāṯ b. Naṣr, who was an intellectual rather than the leader of an organized movement.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87962131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.006
R. Szpiech
Although twelfth-century writers such as Petrus Alfonsi and Peter the Venerable of Cluny attacked Muslim ideas about Jesus and Mary, polemical authors of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries sometimes presented the same ideas in a positive light, describing the Muslim as a “witness” to the Jews of the truth of Christian ideas. In texts by the Dominican Ramon Marti, the Qur ān itself serves as a “proof” of Christian doctrines about Jesus and Mary and in texts such as the Mostrador de justicia of Abner de Burgos/Alfonso de Valladolid, Muslims are described as “Nazarenes.” The study of these images allows us to distinguish between the representation of Muslims in anti-Jewish and anti-Islamic texts. This article proposes that the representation in anti-Jewish texts was more determined by the norms of those texts than by the ideas about Islamic sources contemporary anti-Muslim writing itself.
{"title":"Rhetorical Muslims: Islam as Witness in Western Christian Anti-Jewish Polemic","authors":"R. Szpiech","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2013.006","url":null,"abstract":"Although twelfth-century writers such as Petrus Alfonsi and Peter the Venerable of Cluny attacked Muslim ideas about Jesus and Mary, polemical authors of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries sometimes presented the same ideas in a positive light, describing the Muslim as a “witness” to the Jews of the truth of Christian ideas. In texts by the Dominican Ramon Marti, the Qur ān itself serves as a “proof” of Christian doctrines about Jesus and Mary and in texts such as the Mostrador de justicia of Abner de Burgos/Alfonso de Valladolid, Muslims are described as “Nazarenes.” The study of these images allows us to distinguish between the representation of Muslims in anti-Jewish and anti-Islamic texts. This article proposes that the representation in anti-Jewish texts was more determined by the norms of those texts than by the ideas about Islamic sources contemporary anti-Muslim writing itself.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88220534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-11DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2011.007
A. Carpallo-Bautista, Esther Burgos-Bordonau
In the history of Spanish bookbinding the Mudejar style of the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries stands out, particularly in works produced in cities like Toledo. The Capitular Library of the Cathedral of Toledo contains one of the most important collections in Spain in both size and quality, although many volumes are not in the best state of preservation. The present work will study and analyze the different kinds of Mudejar bookbindings with interlaces, a style of decoration typical of cities like Toledo, Salamanca and Barcelona. We have studied the decorative structures and their artistic elements, the techniques of decoration and construction, and the materials employed; through them we have established the origin or provenance of each bookbinding based on its decorative structure, its individual decorative motifs, the watermarks of its original flyleaves, and the style of its cabezada
{"title":"Las encuadernaciones mudéjares de lacerías, tipo «toledano» y «salmantino», en la Catedral de Toledo","authors":"A. Carpallo-Bautista, Esther Burgos-Bordonau","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2011.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2011.007","url":null,"abstract":"In the history of Spanish bookbinding the Mudejar style of the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries stands out, particularly in works produced in cities like Toledo. The Capitular Library of the Cathedral of Toledo contains one of the most important collections in Spain in both size and quality, although many volumes are not in the best state of preservation. The present work will study and analyze the different kinds of Mudejar bookbindings with interlaces, a style of decoration typical of cities like Toledo, Salamanca and Barcelona. We have studied the decorative structures and their artistic elements, the techniques of decoration and construction, and the materials employed; through them we have established the origin or provenance of each bookbinding based on its decorative structure, its individual decorative motifs, the watermarks of its original flyleaves, and the style of its cabezada","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88750175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-11DOI: 10.3989/ALQANTARA.2012.004
Sidney H. Griffith
The earliest Chalcedonian writers to take notice of the religious ideas of the invading Arabs at the time of the Islamic conquest of the Middle East already highlighted what they viewed as wrong or confused notions about Christ on the part of the invaders. Then in the mid-eighth century, Arabic-speaking Chalcedonians in Syria/Palestine, whose adversaries would soon be calling them ‘Melkites’, were quoting the Qur’ān with a view to exploiting the probative potential of its language for apologetic purposes, especially in Christology. This article traces the continued focus on Christology and the Qur’ān in the development of Chalcedonian theology in Arabic in the works of the major writers in the early ‘Melkite’ tradition, suggesting that the ‘Melkite’ community’s engagement with the religious challenge of Islam over time issued in the emergence of a recognizeable Arab Christian Orthodoxy, which the term ‘Melkite’ came to designate.
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