The article describes the behavior of aesthetic adjectives (bonito ‘beautiful’) in the so-called innovative constructions with estar ‘be estar ’, documented in some American varieties of Spanish. These innovative structures (El poema está bonito ‘The poem is beautiful’) do not compare stages of the subject with respect to an aesthetic property (as would be their meaning in general Spanish), but rather express a perspectivized assertion, linked to the subjective judgment of the speaker about a particular quality. The article explains this pattern of variation on the basis of the work by Gumiel-Molina, Moreno-Quibén and Pérez-Jiménez (2020) and Moreno-Quibén (2022), according to which the classes of adjectives that appear in perspectivized estar-sentences have undergone a process of argument augmentation. Aesthetic adjectives in innovative estar-construction have an experiencer in their argument structure in the varieties of Spanish where this construction is possible. This experiencer serves as the basis for establishing the comparison required by estar and ultimately gives rise to the subjective/perspectivized meaning of the copular structure.
本文描述了审美形容词(bonito ' beautiful ')在与estar ' be estar '的所谓创新结构中的行为，这些结构记录在一些美国西班牙语变体中。这些创新的结构(El poema estbonito '诗是美丽的')并没有将主题的各个阶段与审美属性进行比较(就像它们在一般西班牙语中的意思一样)，而是表达了一种透视的断言，与说话者对特定品质的主观判断有关。本文在Gumiel-Molina、moreno - quibsamen和psamez - jimsamnez(2020)和moreno - quibsamez(2022)的研究基础上解释了这种变化模式，根据该模式，出现在角度化星句中的形容词类别经历了一个论点增强的过程。在各种西班牙语中，创新型星形结构中的美学形容词在其论点结构中有一个体验者，在这种结构可能存在的地方。这个经验者是建立estar所需要的比较的基础，并最终产生了copular结构的主观/透视意义。
{"title":"Perspectivized estar-sentences with aesthetic adjectives across American Spanish\u0000 varieties","authors":"Silvia Gumiel-Molina, Norberto Moreno-Quibén, Isabel Pérez-Jiménez","doi":"10.1075/sic.00086.gum","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00086.gum","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article describes the behavior of aesthetic adjectives (bonito ‘beautiful’) in the so-called\u0000 innovative constructions with estar ‘be\u0000 estar\u0000 ’, documented in some American varieties of\u0000 Spanish. These innovative structures (El poema está bonito ‘The poem is beautiful’) do not compare stages of the\u0000 subject with respect to an aesthetic property (as would be their meaning in general Spanish), but rather express a perspectivized\u0000 assertion, linked to the subjective judgment of the speaker about a particular quality. The article explains this pattern of\u0000 variation on the basis of the work by Gumiel-Molina, Moreno-Quibén and Pérez-Jiménez\u0000 (2020) and Moreno-Quibén (2022), according to which the classes of\u0000 adjectives that appear in perspectivized estar-sentences have undergone a process of argument augmentation.\u0000 Aesthetic adjectives in innovative estar-construction have an experiencer in their argument structure in the\u0000 varieties of Spanish where this construction is possible. This experiencer serves as the basis for establishing the comparison\u0000 required by estar and ultimately gives rise to the subjective/perspectivized meaning of the copular\u0000 structure.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47255788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crítica de Loureda, Cruz, Recio & Rudka (2021): Comunicación, partículas discursivas y pragmática experimental","authors":"Silva María Luisa","doi":"10.1075/sic.00088.mar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00088.mar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49298098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports the developmental stages of the acquisition of estar in stage-level predicate constructions in the L2 Spanish grammar of native speakers of French and Portuguese. Copular verbs exist in the L1s of both learner groups; however, only in Portuguese is there an aspectual contrast, with copula selection conditions that partially differ from those of ser and estar in Spanish. The study used data extracted from the Corpus de Aprendices de Español (CAES), made up of written texts produced by L2 Spanish learners from CEFR A1 to C1 levels. We attempt to analyse whether, and to what degree, these L2 learners are sensitive to estar copula restrictions in adjective constructions. Our analysis of the written production of 143 L1 French speakers and 361 L1 Portuguese speakers showed differing acquisitional patterns depending on the L1. We consider that the estar overextension, found in the learners’ productions, is related to the process of developing the ability to identify the specific features that distinguish the use of copular verbs in the interlanguage of our learners. Our findings, thus, provide a more fine-grained description of the semantic representation and access of interpretable features in L2 Spanish with special relevance to current hypotheses on Second Language Acquisition such as the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere 2009).
{"title":"Acquisition of estar + adjective in L2 Spanish by L1 French and Portuguese speakers","authors":"P. Guijarro-Fuentes, José Amenós-Pons, A. Ahern","doi":"10.1075/sic.00085.gui","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00085.gui","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper reports the developmental stages of the acquisition of estar in stage-level predicate\u0000 constructions in the L2 Spanish grammar of native speakers of French and Portuguese. Copular verbs exist in the L1s of both\u0000 learner groups; however, only in Portuguese is there an aspectual contrast, with copula selection conditions that partially differ\u0000 from those of ser and estar in Spanish. The study used data extracted from the Corpus de\u0000 Aprendices de Español (CAES), made up of written texts produced by L2 Spanish learners from CEFR A1 to C1 levels. We attempt to\u0000 analyse whether, and to what degree, these L2 learners are sensitive to estar copula restrictions in adjective\u0000 constructions. Our analysis of the written production of 143 L1 French speakers and 361 L1 Portuguese speakers showed differing\u0000 acquisitional patterns depending on the L1. We consider that the estar overextension, found in the learners’\u0000 productions, is related to the process of developing the ability to identify the specific features that distinguish the use of\u0000 copular verbs in the interlanguage of our learners. Our findings, thus, provide a more fine-grained description of the semantic\u0000 representation and access of interpretable features in L2 Spanish with special relevance to current hypotheses on Second Language\u0000 Acquisition such as the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere\u0000 2009).","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crítica de Martín Rojo & Pujolar (2020): Claves para entender el multilingüismo contemporáneo","authors":"Luci Nussbaum","doi":"10.1075/sic.00087.nus","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00087.nus","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Isabel Medina Soler, María Cecilia Ainciburu
In previous studies of the mitigators that occur when a speaker wants to show disagreement with his or her interlocutor, morphosyntactic markers occupy the most relevant part. In oral communication, however, phonic markers play a central role. This research presents the analysis of these markers in a corpus of interviews with B1 level university exchange students (CEFR). The aim is to check for the presence of phonic attenuation markers when foreign students express a divergent opinion in Spanish from that expressed by the native speaker. The analysis leads to a categorization of these markers and attempts to provide empirical basis for a better understanding of the phonic markers in the academic interlanguage.
{"title":"Phonic mitigation markers for disagreement in interviews of university learners of Spanish as foreign language","authors":"María Isabel Medina Soler, María Cecilia Ainciburu","doi":"10.1075/sic.20022.med","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20022.med","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In previous studies of the mitigators that occur when a speaker wants to show disagreement with his or her interlocutor, morphosyntactic markers occupy the most relevant part. In oral communication, however, phonic markers play a central role. This research presents the analysis of these markers in a corpus of interviews with B1 level university exchange students (CEFR). The aim is to check for the presence of phonic attenuation markers when foreign students express a divergent opinion in Spanish from that expressed by the native speaker. The analysis leads to a categorization of these markers and attempts to provide empirical basis for a better understanding of the phonic markers in the academic interlanguage.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48923322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Michnowicz, R. Ronquest, Bailey Armbrister, N. Chisholm, Rebecca S. Green, Lindsey Bull, A. Elkins
This study examines the perceptions of inclusive language among first- and second-generation Spanish speakers residing in North Carolina, USA, based on survey data collected from 337 speakers by undergraduates. The survey examines familiarity with innovative inclusive language forms (including -@, -x, and -e), as well as opinions about different forms (including standard morphology forms such as masculine default and noun doubling – i.e., chicos y chicas), and reported use of inclusive forms. A majority of participants expressed negative opinions of innovative forms, and very few reported actually using them in their speech. Acceptance varied based not only on participant social characteristics, but also on the morphology and the context in which the form is used. Exceptions to these trends, as well as the possible future development of inclusive language forms, receive additional attention. Research methodologies with undergraduates are also discussed.
这项研究基于对337名本科生的调查数据，调查了居住在美国北卡罗来纳州的第一代和第二代西班牙语使用者对包容性语言的看法。该调查考察了对创新的包容性语言形式（包括-@、-x和-e）的熟悉程度，以及对不同形式（包括标准形态形式，如阳性默认和名词加倍，即chicos y chicas）的看法，并报告了包容性形式的使用情况。大多数参与者对创新形式表示负面看法，很少有人报告在演讲中实际使用了这些形式。接受程度的变化不仅取决于参与者的社会特征，还取决于形态和使用形式的背景。这些趋势的例外情况，以及包容性语言形式未来可能的发展，都受到了额外的关注。还讨论了本科生的研究方法。
{"title":"Perceptions of inclusive language in the Spanish of the Southeast","authors":"J. Michnowicz, R. Ronquest, Bailey Armbrister, N. Chisholm, Rebecca S. Green, Lindsey Bull, A. Elkins","doi":"10.1075/sic.00084.mic","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00084.mic","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study examines the perceptions of inclusive language among first- and second-generation Spanish speakers residing in North Carolina, USA, based on survey data collected from 337 speakers by undergraduates. The survey examines familiarity with innovative inclusive language forms (including -@, -x, and -e), as well as opinions about different forms (including standard morphology forms such as masculine default and noun doubling – i.e., chicos y chicas), and reported use of inclusive forms. A majority of participants expressed negative opinions of innovative forms, and very few reported actually using them in their speech. Acceptance varied based not only on participant social characteristics, but also on the morphology and the context in which the form is used. Exceptions to these trends, as well as the possible future development of inclusive language forms, receive additional attention. Research methodologies with undergraduates are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The social meaning of language is embedded in a cultural system of ideas that circulates throughout the historicity of peoples in contact. Border areas are useful for studying the permeability of category constructions, including language boundaries and fluidity of identities. The present study reports survey data from 168 Spanish-English bilinguals in the border region of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas in the ways they define ‘Spanglish’ vis-à-vis ‘Tex-Mex’ as two distinct ways of speaking. In explaining the contact forms that each label represents and ideologies that have given rise to this distinction, results are discussed using iconization and fractal recursivity (Irvine and Gal 2000) and enregisterment (Agha 2005). Overall, results indicate that for those who make a distinction between Spanglish and Tex-Mex, Spanglish is valorized as more legitimate, whereas Tex-Mex is seen as a localized style of Spanglish also considered more informal.
语言的社会意义根植于一种文化思想体系中，这种文化思想体系贯穿于相互接触的民族的历史中。边界区域有助于研究范畴结构的渗透性，包括语言边界和身份的流动性。目前的研究报告了来自德克萨斯州南部里约热内卢格兰德山谷边境地区168名西班牙语-英语双语者的调查数据，他们将“西班牙式英语”与-à-vis“德克萨斯-墨西哥语”定义为两种不同的说话方式。在解释每个标签所代表的接触形式和产生这种区别的意识形态时，使用图像化和分形递归性(Irvine and Gal 2000)和注册(Agha 2005)讨论了结果。总体而言，结果表明，对于那些区分西班牙式英语和德克萨斯-墨西哥式英语的人来说，西班牙式英语被认为更合法，而德克萨斯-墨西哥式英语被视为西班牙式英语的本地化风格，也被认为更不正式。
{"title":"Spanglish and Tex-Mex in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas","authors":"Itxaso Rodríguez-Ordóñez, Shannon McCrocklin, Alejandra Tiburcio","doi":"10.1075/sic.20027.rod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20027.rod","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The social meaning of language is embedded in a cultural system of ideas that circulates throughout the historicity of peoples in contact. Border areas are useful for studying the permeability of category constructions, including language boundaries and fluidity of identities. The present study reports survey data from 168 Spanish-English bilinguals in the border region of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas in the ways they define ‘Spanglish’ vis-à-vis ‘Tex-Mex’ as two distinct ways of speaking. In explaining the contact forms that each label represents and ideologies that have given rise to this distinction, results are discussed using iconization and fractal recursivity (Irvine and Gal 2000) and enregisterment (Agha 2005). Overall, results indicate that for those who make a distinction between Spanglish and Tex-Mex, Spanglish is valorized as more legitimate, whereas Tex-Mex is seen as a localized style of Spanglish also considered more informal.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46022145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on Guatemalan Spanish has increasingly shown the effects of contact with Mayan languages. However, whereas most studies have focused on the structural outcomes of Spanish-Mayan contact, fewer studies have analyzed how native Guatemalans socially perceive these features and, by extension, those who employ them. This study presents an analysis of one contact feature of Guatemalan Spanish: the fortition of the voiceless labiodental fricative, or /f/ > [p]. Results of a matched guise of 116 native listeners of Guatemalan Spanish reveal that [p] guises index speakers as Maya and elicit more negative overt and covert attitudes than [f] guises. Furthermore, participants who self-identified as Maya were more likely to rate [p] guises as less prestigious than participants who did not identify as Maya, indicating that the Maya participants may display outgroup favoritism in order to disassociate themselves with the discrimination and racism that often accompanies their racial identity in Guatemala.
{"title":"Social perceptions of /f/ fortition in Guatemalan Spanish","authors":"Brandon O. Baird","doi":"10.1075/sic.20011.bai","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20011.bai","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research on Guatemalan Spanish has increasingly shown the effects of contact with Mayan languages. However,\u0000 whereas most studies have focused on the structural outcomes of Spanish-Mayan contact, fewer studies have analyzed how native\u0000 Guatemalans socially perceive these features and, by extension, those who employ them. This study presents an analysis of one\u0000 contact feature of Guatemalan Spanish: the fortition of the voiceless labiodental fricative, or /f/ > [p]. Results of a matched\u0000 guise of 116 native listeners of Guatemalan Spanish reveal that [p] guises index speakers as Maya and elicit more negative overt\u0000 and covert attitudes than [f] guises. Furthermore, participants who self-identified as Maya were more likely to rate [p] guises as\u0000 less prestigious than participants who did not identify as Maya, indicating that the Maya participants may display outgroup\u0000 favoritism in order to disassociate themselves with the discrimination and racism that often accompanies their racial identity in\u0000 Guatemala.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42979657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Los documentos mallorquines en castellano del siglo XVIII muestran una distinción entre y más estable que otros textos producidos de la Península Ibérica. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar la distribución de estas grafías mediante una aproximación multidisciplinar que combina un análisis diacrónico y sincrónico con métodos estadísticos, y tratar de ponerlas en relación con rasgos de la variedad actual de catalán hablada en la isla. De esta forma, se ofrece una interpretación fonética que contribuye a la caracterización de la variedad histórica del español de Mallorca y que puede ayudar a profundizar en la comprensión de los fenómenos de variación y cambio lingüísticos en una situación de contacto.
{"title":"Análisis estadístico del contacto entre lenguas: El caso de las grafías y en la documentación en castellano de Mallorca (siglo XVIII)","authors":"Ruth Miguel Franco, David Sánchez","doi":"10.1075/sic.21005.mig","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.21005.mig","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Los documentos mallorquines en castellano del siglo XVIII muestran una distinción entre y más estable que otros textos producidos de la Península Ibérica. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar la distribución de estas grafías mediante una aproximación multidisciplinar que combina un análisis diacrónico y sincrónico con métodos estadísticos, y tratar de ponerlas en relación con rasgos de la variedad actual de catalán hablada en la isla. De esta forma, se ofrece una interpretación fonética que contribuye a la caracterización de la variedad histórica del español de Mallorca y que puede ayudar a profundizar en la comprensión de los fenómenos de variación y cambio lingüísticos en una situación de contacto.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47914925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study analyzes mood alternation in Spanish spoken in Georgia among first-generation Mexican immigrants. Using sociolinguistic interview data, tokens of the subjunctive and indicative in dependent clauses were examined, particularly in the following syntactic contexts: depender, aunque, me gusta que, no porque, quizás, tal vez, and no sé si/ cómo/dónde/qué. We argue that mood selection in the contexts under study is determined by the evaluation of the proposition in the dependent clause. We then use this data to inform theories of possible world semantics (i.e., Anand and Hacquard 2013; Giannakidou and Mari 2021; Villalta 2008) to better understand mood alternation. Moreover, while many U.S. Spanish varieties may demonstrate what Silva-Corvalán (1994, 91) refers to as “a reduced system that made it more difficult to distinguish between more or less possible situations in a hypothetical world,” we show that cases of alternation in the present data still differentiate speaker meaning and evaluation.
{"title":"Mood alternation in Mexican Spanish in Georgia","authors":"Kathryn P. Bove, Philip P. Limerick","doi":"10.1075/sic.20043.bov","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20043.bov","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The current study analyzes mood alternation in Spanish spoken in Georgia among first-generation Mexican immigrants. Using sociolinguistic interview data, tokens of the subjunctive and indicative in dependent clauses were examined, particularly in the following syntactic contexts: depender, aunque, me gusta que, no porque, quizás, tal vez, and no sé si/ cómo/dónde/qué. We argue that mood selection in the contexts under study is determined by the evaluation of the proposition in the dependent clause. We then use this data to inform theories of possible world semantics (i.e., Anand and Hacquard 2013; Giannakidou and Mari 2021; Villalta 2008) to better understand mood alternation. Moreover, while many U.S. Spanish varieties may demonstrate what Silva-Corvalán (1994, 91) refers to as “a reduced system that made it more difficult to distinguish between more or less possible situations in a hypothetical world,” we show that cases of alternation in the present data still differentiate speaker meaning and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48131018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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