{"title":"On the raison d'être of the notion of Sprachbund, with special reference to languages in China","authors":"Pui Yiu Szeto","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2023.a911856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2023.a911856","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:語言聯盟 (Sprachbund) 泛指沒有親緣關係 (或關係疏遠) 的語言之間，在同一區域長期接觸下產生的結構趨同現象。雖然學界不乏關於語言聯盟的研究，但以往的研究未有具體及劃一的標準去界定何謂語言聯盟。因此，語言聯盟的概念時而模糊不清，甚至令人質疑其存在意義。有見及此，本文建議以歷史證據為基礎，去建立清晰嚴謹的標準來辨識語言聯盟。以此方法界定的語言聯盟具有相似的形成背景，從而確保彼此之間的可比性，令學者得以將研究重心置於語言接觸的機制及結果。中國歷史悠久、地大物博、族群紛雜、語種繁多，為語言聯盟的研究提供了一個重要平台。目前，中國境內最少有兩個符合嚴格標準的語言聯盟，分別為華南地區的西嶺南語言聯盟，以及西北地區的安多語言聯盟。區域內各語言族群間的密切接觸互動，不僅導致語言結構和文化風俗上的相互滲透，甚至對群體遺傳結構造成一定程度的影響。此等發現反映了語言聯盟內的族群互動現象複雜多變，故對語言學及人類學等學科皆有重大研究價值，非常值得深入探索。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2023.a911852
Feng Shi, Dazuo Wang
ABSTRACT:Continuum is a one-dimensional pattern with a concise form and the significance of universality. "Prototype Theory" considers the members with the most common characteristics as the core members of one category, and all members of that category share some similar family features. Furthermore, quantum logic revised the classical logic law of "excluded middle" to the law of "included middle", which provides us with a new perspective in the linguistic study. Based on the above theories and ideas, this paper lists ten cases of continuum in language: 1) the continuum of language similarity; 2) the continuum of word and non-word in Chinese; 3) the continuum of animacy of words in language; 4) the continuum of communicative pressure; 5) the continuum of sentential focus; 6) the vowel-consonant continuum; 7) the continuum of phonation types; 8) the continuum of nasality of sounds; 9) the continuum of r-suffixation; 10) the continuum of words with neutral tone. Continuum is the renewal of academic concepts and research methods, which is of great significance to the synchronic and diachronic study of language.摘要:连续统是一维格局，具有更为简明的形式和更为普遍的意义。原型范畴理论把具有更多共同特征的成员定为中心成员，所有成员具有家族相似性。量子逻辑把经典逻辑的排中律修正为含中律，给我们以新的思维方式。本文列举语言中的十种连续统：1) 语言相似度连续统；2) 汉语词与非词连续统；3) 语词生命度连续统；4) 交际压力度连续统； 5) 语句焦点连续统；6) 元音-辅音连续统；7) 发声类型连续统；8) 语音鼻化连续统；9) 儿化韵连续统；10) 轻声字音连续统。连续统是学术观念和研究方法的更新，对于语言的共时和历时的研究都具有重要意义。
{"title":"Ten cases of continuum in language","authors":"Feng Shi, Dazuo Wang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2023.a911852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2023.a911852","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Continuum is a one-dimensional pattern with a concise form and the significance of universality. \"Prototype Theory\" considers the members with the most common characteristics as the core members of one category, and all members of that category share some similar family features. Furthermore, quantum logic revised the classical logic law of \"excluded middle\" to the law of \"included middle\", which provides us with a new perspective in the linguistic study. Based on the above theories and ideas, this paper lists ten cases of continuum in language: 1) the continuum of language similarity; 2) the continuum of word and non-word in Chinese; 3) the continuum of animacy of words in language; 4) the continuum of communicative pressure; 5) the continuum of sentential focus; 6) the vowel-consonant continuum; 7) the continuum of phonation types; 8) the continuum of nasality of sounds; 9) the continuum of r-suffixation; 10) the continuum of words with neutral tone. Continuum is the renewal of academic concepts and research methods, which is of great significance to the synchronic and diachronic study of language.摘要:连续统是一维格局，具有更为简明的形式和更为普遍的意义。原型范畴理论把具有更多共同特征的成员定为中心成员，所有成员具有家族相似性。量子逻辑把经典逻辑的排中律修正为含中律，给我们以新的思维方式。本文列举语言中的十种连续统：1) 语言相似度连续统；2) 汉语词与非词连续统；3) 语词生命度连续统；4) 交际压力度连续统； 5) 语句焦点连续统；6) 元音-辅音连续统；7) 发声类型连续统；8) 语音鼻化连续统；9) 儿化韵连续统；10) 轻声字音连续统。连续统是学术观念和研究方法的更新，对于语言的共时和历时的研究都具有重要意义。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2023.a911853
James H-Y. Tai
ABSTRACT:Some key issues in the analysis of Chinese grammars in the past five decades are identified and discussed from typological perspectives. They include 1) the wordhood in「字」and 「詞」, and word formation; 2) parts of speech; 3) syntactic pivots (topic, subject, and object); 4) active vs. passive voice; 5) cognitive principles of word order; 6) SOV vs. SVO. Typological characterizations of Chinese are also summarized, pointing to the importance of understanding Chinese from perspectives of creole and sign language. Mental lexicon of「字」,「詞」and four-character idioms should be constructed with syntactic structures for the processing of reading Chinese.摘要:摘要本文綜觀過去 50 年來漢語語法研究的重要議題，並點出爭議所在。這些議題包含 1)「字」與「詞」的糾結；2)詞類的區分；3)「主題」、「主語」與「賓語」的角色；4)主動句與被動句；5)認知原則與詞序；6)基本詞序的爭議：「主語-賓語-動詞」，還是「主語-動詞-賓語」。本文也從語言類型學的角度來檢視這些爭議，同時建議更進一步從克里奧語與手語的特徵詮釋漢語語法，並使用以漢字為基礎的心理詞典探討中文閱讀，俾對閱讀理論有重大的啟示。
ABSTRACT:Some key issues in the analysis of Chinese grammars in the past five decades are identified and discussed from typological perspectives. Theyinclude 1) the wordhood in「字」and 「詞」, and word formation; 2) parts of speech; 3) syntactic pivots (topic, subject, and object); 4) active vs. passivevoice; 5) cognitive principles of word order; 6) SOV vs. SVO. Typological characterizations of Chinese are also summarized, pointing to the importanceof understanding Chinese from perspectives of creole and sign language. Mental lexicon of「字」,「詞」and four-character idioms should be constructed withsyntactic structures for the processing of reading Chinese.摘要:摘要本文綜觀過去 50 年來漢語語法研究的重要議題，並點出爭議所在。這些議題包含 1)「字」與「詞」的糾結；2)詞類的區分；3)「主題」、「主語」與「賓語」的角色；4)主動句與被動句；5)認知原則與詞序；6)基本詞序的爭議：「主語-賓語-動詞」，還是「主語-動詞-賓語」。本文也從語言類型學的角度來檢視這些爭議，同時建議更進一步從克里奧語與手語的特徵詮釋漢語語法，並使用以漢字為基礎的心理詞典探討中文閱讀，俾對閱讀理論有重大的啟示。
{"title":"Quest for the essence of Chinese grammar","authors":"James H-Y. Tai","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2023.a911853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2023.a911853","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Some key issues in the analysis of Chinese grammars in the past five decades are identified and discussed from typological perspectives. They include 1) the wordhood in「字」and 「詞」, and word formation; 2) parts of speech; 3) syntactic pivots (topic, subject, and object); 4) active vs. passive voice; 5) cognitive principles of word order; 6) SOV vs. SVO. Typological characterizations of Chinese are also summarized, pointing to the importance of understanding Chinese from perspectives of creole and sign language. Mental lexicon of「字」,「詞」and four-character idioms should be constructed with syntactic structures for the processing of reading Chinese.摘要:摘要本文綜觀過去 50 年來漢語語法研究的重要議題，並點出爭議所在。這些議題包含 1)「字」與「詞」的糾結；2)詞類的區分；3)「主題」、「主語」與「賓語」的角色；4)主動句與被動句；5)認知原則與詞序；6)基本詞序的爭議：「主語-賓語-動詞」，還是「主語-動詞-賓語」。本文也從語言類型學的角度來檢視這些爭議，同時建議更進一步從克里奧語與手語的特徵詮釋漢語語法，並使用以漢字為基礎的心理詞典探討中文閱讀，俾對閱讀理論有重大的啟示。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2023.a911850
Hilary Chappell
ABSTRACT:Tone morphemes are used in the coding of a variety of grammatical functions in Sinitic languages: These include plural formation of personal pronouns, the diminutive forms of nouns, as well as different kinds of perfective and completive aspect marking, reported for dialects located in non-contiguous areas of China in the north and the south. With respect to verbal morphology, we first examine the different processes and stages of morphologization between the Yue and Hakka dialects, on the one hand, and Northern Sinitic on the other. Second, we propose the pathway of evolution that leads to the pluralization of Sinitic pronouns by tone morphemes, as well as the pathway that leads to tone morphemes coding perfective aspect in Yue and Hakka.摘要:声调语素用于编码汉语方言中的各种语法功能：以中国境内南北方非相邻地区的汉语方言为实证，我们发现汉语方言中的"声调语素"具有多种语法功能，包括指示人称代词的复数形式、指示名词的小称形式、及标记不同种类的完整体和完成体等。就动词形态而言，我们首先考察粤语、客家话和北方汉语之间不同的发展过程和形态化阶段；再者，提出汉语中由声调语素导致的人称代词复数化演变路径，以及在粤语和客家话中声调语素指示完成体的另一演变路径。
ABSTRACT:Tone morphemes are used in the coding of a variety of grammatical functions in Sinitic languages：这些功能包括人称代词的复数形式、名词的缩略形式以及不同类型的完成时和完成时方面的标记。在动词形态方面，我们首先考察了越语和客家方言与北方汉话之间不同的形态化过程和阶段。其次，我们提出了越语和客家方言中由声调语素导致汉代代词复数化的演变途径，以及由声调语素编码完成式的演变途径。摘要：声调语素用于编码汉语方言中的各种语法功能：以中国境内南北方非相邻地区的汉语方言为实证，我们发现汉语方言中的 "声调语素 "具有多种语法功能，包括指示人称代词的复数形式、指示名词的小称形式、及标记不同种类的完形整体和完成体等。就动词形态而言，我们首先考察粤语、客家话和北方汉语之间不同的发展过程和形态化阶段；然后，提出汉语中由声调语素导致的人称代词复数化演变路径，以及在粤语和客家话中声调语素指示完成体的另一演变路径。
{"title":"Tone morphemes in sinitic: Where prosody meets morphology","authors":"Hilary Chappell","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2023.a911850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2023.a911850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Tone morphemes are used in the coding of a variety of grammatical functions in Sinitic languages: These include plural formation of personal pronouns, the diminutive forms of nouns, as well as different kinds of perfective and completive aspect marking, reported for dialects located in non-contiguous areas of China in the north and the south. With respect to verbal morphology, we first examine the different processes and stages of morphologization between the Yue and Hakka dialects, on the one hand, and Northern Sinitic on the other. Second, we propose the pathway of evolution that leads to the pluralization of Sinitic pronouns by tone morphemes, as well as the pathway that leads to tone morphemes coding perfective aspect in Yue and Hakka.摘要:声调语素用于编码汉语方言中的各种语法功能：以中国境内南北方非相邻地区的汉语方言为实证，我们发现汉语方言中的\"声调语素\"具有多种语法功能，包括指示人称代词的复数形式、指示名词的小称形式、及标记不同种类的完整体和完成体等。就动词形态而言，我们首先考察粤语、客家话和北方汉语之间不同的发展过程和形态化阶段；再者，提出汉语中由声调语素导致的人称代词复数化演变路径，以及在粤语和客家话中声调语素指示完成体的另一演变路径。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139343831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a906858
Hilary Chappell
Tone morphemes are used in the coding of a variety of grammatical functions in Sinitic languages: These include plural formation of personal pronouns, the diminutive forms of nouns, as well as different kinds of perfective and completive aspect marking, reported for dialects located in non-contiguous areas of China in the north and the south. With respect to verbal morphology, we first examine the different processes and stages of morphologization between the Yue and Hakka dialects, on the one hand, and Northern Sinitic on the other. Second, we propose the pathway of evolution that leads to the pluralization of Sinitic pronouns by tone morphemes, as well as the pathway that leads to tone morphemes coding perfective aspect in Yue and Hakka.
{"title":"Tone Morphemes in Sinitic: Where Prosody Meets Morphology","authors":"Hilary Chappell","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a906858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a906858","url":null,"abstract":"Tone morphemes are used in the coding of a variety of grammatical functions in Sinitic languages: These include plural formation of personal pronouns, the diminutive forms of nouns, as well as different kinds of perfective and completive aspect marking, reported for dialects located in non-contiguous areas of China in the north and the south. With respect to verbal morphology, we first examine the different processes and stages of morphologization between the Yue and Hakka dialects, on the one hand, and Northern Sinitic on the other. Second, we propose the pathway of evolution that leads to the pluralization of Sinitic pronouns by tone morphemes, as well as the pathway that leads to tone morphemes coding perfective aspect in Yue and Hakka.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45144894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a906754
Chrystelle Maréchal, Ken-ichi Takashima
{"title":"The “graphic design” for 旅 ‘troops’ and 車 ‘chariot’ in oracle-bone and bronze inscriptions","authors":"Chrystelle Maréchal, Ken-ichi Takashima","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a906754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a906754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a904494
J. Tai
Some key issues in the analysis of Chinese grammars in the past five decades are identified and discussed from typological perspectives. They include 1) the wordhood in「字」and 「詞」, and word formation; 2) parts of speech; 3) syntactic pivots (topic, subject, and object); 4) active vs. passive voice; 5) cognitive principles of word order; 6) SOV vs. SVO. Typological characterizations of Chinese are also summarized, pointing to the importance of understanding Chinese from perspectives of creole and sign language. Mental lexicon of「字」,「詞」and four-character idioms should be constructed with syntactic structures for the processing of reading Chinese.
{"title":"Quest for the essence of Chinese grammar","authors":"J. Tai","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a904494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a904494","url":null,"abstract":"Some key issues in the analysis of Chinese grammars in the past five decades are identified and discussed from typological perspectives. They include 1) the wordhood in「字」and 「詞」, and word formation; 2) parts of speech; 3) syntactic pivots (topic, subject, and object); 4) active vs. passive voice; 5) cognitive principles of word order; 6) SOV vs. SVO. Typological characterizations of Chinese are also summarized, pointing to the importance of understanding Chinese from perspectives of creole and sign language. Mental lexicon of「字」,「詞」and four-character idioms should be constructed with syntactic structures for the processing of reading Chinese.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44167220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a905082
Chin-fa Lien
The paper explores the role of the copula 是 si7 in the interpretation of the focus structure in early Southern Min playscripts. I examine the configuration of 是 si7 with respect to a range of functional/lexical categories such as kinds of adverbs, types of modals, voice (featuring causativity and passitivity), aspect, and negation as well as verb and noun phrases. I also put forward tree structures showing how focus vis-à-vis topic in cleft and pseudo-cleft clauses with 是 si7 as the pivot are derived. In a nutshell, the syntactic position of 是 si7 is versatile and yet constrained. There is an asymmetry of the distribution of subject and object focusing with respect to the position of the copula 是 si7. I posit with Rizzi (2013) that the focus feature in the FocP triggers merging the focus constituent to the head Foc in FocP in CP. Apart from bearing the assertive force in the clause typing, the copula 是 si7 plays a supporting role of scoping over the focus constituent. I capture the syntactic behavior of the copula 是 si7 by construing it as an indispensable pivot in the derivation of focus structure.
{"title":"The Role of the Copula 是 si7 In the Construal Of Focus Structure in Early Southern Min","authors":"Chin-fa Lien","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a905082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a905082","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the role of the copula 是 <em>si<sup>7</sup></em> in the interpretation of the focus structure in early Southern Min playscripts. I examine the configuration of 是 <em>si<sup>7</sup></em> with respect to a range of functional/lexical categories such as kinds of adverbs, types of modals, voice (featuring causativity and passitivity), aspect, and negation as well as verb and noun phrases. I also put forward tree structures showing how focus vis-à-vis topic in cleft and pseudo-cleft clauses with 是 <em>si<sup>7</sup></em> as the pivot are derived. In a nutshell, the syntactic position of 是 <em>si<sup>7</sup></em> is versatile and yet constrained. There is an asymmetry of the distribution of subject and object focusing with respect to the position of the copula 是 <em>si<sup>7</sup></em>. I posit with Rizzi (2013) that the focus feature in the FocP triggers merging the focus constituent to the head Foc in FocP in CP. Apart from bearing the assertive force in the clause typing, the copula 是 <em>si<sup>7</sup></em> plays a supporting role of scoping over the focus constituent. I capture the syntactic behavior of the copula 是 <em>si<sup>7</sup></em> by construing it as an indispensable pivot in the derivation of focus structure.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46092853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a904492
F. Shi, Dazuo Wang
Continuum is a one-dimensional pattern with a concise form and the significance of universality. “Prototype Theory” considers the members with the most common characteristics as the core members of one category, and all members of that category share some similar family features. Furthermore, quantum logic revised the classical logic law of “excluded middle” to the law of “included middle”, which provides us with a new perspective in the linguistic study. Based on the above theories and ideas, this paper lists ten cases of continuum in language: 1) the continuum of language similarity; 2) the continuum of word and non-word in Chinese; 3) the continuum of animacy of words in language; 4) the continuum of communicative pressure; 5) the continuum of sentential focus; 6) the vowel-consonant continuum; 7) the continuum of phonation types; 8) the continuum of nasality of sounds; 9) the continuum of r-suffixation; 10) the continuum of words with neutral tone. Continuum is the renewal of academic concepts and research methods, which is of great significance to the synchronic and diachronic study of language.
{"title":"Ten cases of continuum in language","authors":"F. Shi, Dazuo Wang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a904492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a904492","url":null,"abstract":"Continuum is a one-dimensional pattern with a concise form and the significance of universality. “Prototype Theory” considers the members with the most common characteristics as the core members of one category, and all members of that category share some similar family features. Furthermore, quantum logic revised the classical logic law of “excluded middle” to the law of “included middle”, which provides us with a new perspective in the linguistic study. Based on the above theories and ideas, this paper lists ten cases of continuum in language: 1) the continuum of language similarity; 2) the continuum of word and non-word in Chinese; 3) the continuum of animacy of words in language; 4) the continuum of communicative pressure; 5) the continuum of sentential focus; 6) the vowel-consonant continuum; 7) the continuum of phonation types; 8) the continuum of nasality of sounds; 9) the continuum of r-suffixation; 10) the continuum of words with neutral tone. Continuum is the renewal of academic concepts and research methods, which is of great significance to the synchronic and diachronic study of language.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47976584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the raison d’être of the notion of Sprachbund, with special reference to languages in China","authors":"Pui Yiu Szeto","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a904493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a904493","url":null,"abstract":"語言聯盟(Sprachbund)泛指沒有親緣關係(或關係疏遠)的語言之間， 在同一區域長期接觸下產生的結構趨同現象。雖然學界不乏關於語言 聯盟的研究，但以往的研究未有具體及劃一的標準去界定何謂語言聯 盟。因此，語言聯盟的概念時而模糊不清，甚至令人質疑其存在意義。 有見及此，本文建議以歷史證據為基礎，去建立清晰嚴謹的標準來辨 識語言聯盟。以此方法界定的語言聯盟具有相似的形成背景，從而確 保彼此之間的可比性，令學者得以將研究重心置於語言接觸的機制及 結果。中國歷史悠久、地大物博、族群紛雜、語種繁多，為語言聯盟 的研究提供了一個重要平台。目前，中國境內最少有兩個符合嚴格標 準的語言聯盟，分別為華南地區的西嶺南語言聯盟，以及西北地區的 安多語言聯盟。區域內各語言族群間的密切接觸互動，不僅導致語言 結構和文化風俗上的相互滲透，甚至對群體遺傳結構造成一定程度的 影響。此等發現反映了語言聯盟內的族群互動現象複雜多變，故對語 言學及人類學等學科皆有重大研究價值，非常值得深入探索。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48784770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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