Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.3.05
R. Ivanov, Donka Ivanova
An experimental investigation of mechanical idle running losses in an agriculture tractor transmission was used to collect a wide range of data. The influence of the engine rotation speed, the number of switched-on gears, and the oil level in the transmission gearbox on the idle running losses was determined. Adequate regression models in cases of switched-on and switched-off PTO were received. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize mathematical models obtained using regression analysis. A feed-forward artificial neural network was also developed to estimate the same experimental data for mechanical idle running losses in transmission. A back-propagation algorithm was used when training and testing the network. A comparison of the correlation coefficient, reduced chi-square, mean bias error, and root mean square error between the experimental data and fit values of the obtained models was made. It was concluded that the neural network represented the mechanical idle running losses in tractor transmission more accurately than other models.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF GENETIC ALGORITHM AND NEURAL NETWORK APPROACHES FOR THE PROGNOSIS OF MECHANICAL IDLE RUNNING LOSSES IN AGRICULTURE TRACTOR TRANSMISSION","authors":"R. Ivanov, Donka Ivanova","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation of mechanical idle running losses in an agriculture tractor transmission was used to collect a wide range of data. The influence of the engine rotation speed, the number of switched-on gears, and the oil level in the transmission gearbox on the idle running losses was determined. Adequate regression models in cases of switched-on and switched-off PTO were received. A genetic algorithm was used to optimize mathematical models obtained using regression analysis. A feed-forward artificial neural network was also developed to estimate the same experimental data for mechanical idle running losses in transmission. A back-propagation algorithm was used when training and testing the network. A comparison of the correlation coefficient, reduced chi-square, mean bias error, and root mean square error between the experimental data and fit values of the obtained models was made. It was concluded that the neural network represented the mechanical idle running losses in tractor transmission more accurately than other models.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.11
Piotr Smoczyński, A. Gill, Adam Kadziński, Martin Laur, Tambet Õun
The issue of managing the risk associated with introducing changes to the railway system is very important from the point of view of safety management, as any change can significantly reduce the level of safety of a railway system. For this reason, such changes are regulated at the European Union (EU) level through a dedicated legal act known as the Common Safety Method for risk assessment (CSM). The example presented in this paper is a portion of the analysis carried out for an Estonian freight carrier with a bowtie method, which we improved so that it fully complies with the CSM requirements. This analysis concerns a change consisting of allowing the possibility of a freight train being driven by one person (with no assistant driver). The case study presented in the paper, although limited due to confidentially issues, allows a full description of how to use the proposed method in real-world applications.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF AN IMPROVED BOWTIE METHOD IN A CSM-COMPLIANT RISK ASSESSMENT OF A CHANGE INTRODUCED IN THE EU RAILWAY SYSTEM","authors":"Piotr Smoczyński, A. Gill, Adam Kadziński, Martin Laur, Tambet Õun","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of managing the risk associated with introducing changes to the railway system is very important from the point of view of safety management, as any change can significantly reduce the level of safety of a railway system. For this reason, such changes are regulated at the European Union (EU) level through a dedicated legal act known as the Common Safety Method for risk assessment (CSM). The example presented in this paper is a portion of the analysis carried out for an Estonian freight carrier with a bowtie method, which we improved so that it fully complies with the CSM requirements. This analysis concerns a change consisting of allowing the possibility of a freight train being driven by one person (with no assistant driver). The case study presented in the paper, although limited due to confidentially issues, allows a full description of how to use the proposed method in real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45359808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.06
Hojin Jung
We explore how a rapid rise in air pollutants impacts the ridership of public transportation. Based on the individual purchase history, our comprehensive analyses document evidence that an elevated level of concentrations of fine particulate matter caused a substantial change in individual decisions on public transit ridership in relation to individual social and economic characteristics. The estimated effect primarily arose from the fear of exposure to pollutants and, consequently, is substantially different from other macroeconomic influences. Our empirical results contribute important inferences about commuters’ choices of transit modes during the period of ambient air pollution and offer significant guidance for policymakers and practitioners.
{"title":"HOW DOES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER IMPACT PUBLIC TRANSIT RIDERSHIP?","authors":"Hojin Jung","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"We explore how a rapid rise in air pollutants impacts the ridership of public transportation. Based on the individual purchase history, our comprehensive analyses document evidence that an elevated level of concentrations of fine particulate matter caused a substantial change in individual decisions on public transit ridership in relation to individual social and economic characteristics. The estimated effect primarily arose from the fear of exposure to pollutants and, consequently, is substantially different from other macroeconomic influences. Our empirical results contribute important inferences about commuters’ choices of transit modes during the period of ambient air pollution and offer significant guidance for policymakers and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.16
A. Dávid, Andrea Galierikova, Peter Mako
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the reduction of services, including transport services. Companies operating in public water passenger transport were not prepared for the implementation of restrictions because, in some countries, the general procedures for the safe operation of regular public water passenger transport were not known. The main contribution of this paper is to discuss the implementation of the current system of safe operation of regular public water transport services in the Netherlands and Spain to a generally applicable model for transport companies. This article links these measures with the general plan for the release and tightening of measures of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic known as COVIDAUTOMAT.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF ANTI-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MEASURES AND COVIDAUTOMAT IN PUBLIC WATER TRANSPORT","authors":"A. Dávid, Andrea Galierikova, Peter Mako","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the reduction of services, including transport services. Companies operating in public water passenger transport were not prepared for the implementation of restrictions because, in some countries, the general procedures for the safe operation of regular public water passenger transport were not known. The main contribution of this paper is to discuss the implementation of the current system of safe operation of regular public water transport services in the Netherlands and Spain to a generally applicable model for transport companies. This article links these measures with the general plan for the release and tightening of measures of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic known as COVIDAUTOMAT.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42086334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.15
J. D’hondt, M. Juwet, E. Demeester, P. Slaets
In many city centres and some large urban areas, access restrictions are imposed on trucks and vans. On the other hand, the number of e-commerce packages to be delivered daily is increasing rapidly, and service companies of all kinds also have to serve their customers in these areas. The use of cargo bikes is seen as a possible solution. The direct reason for this research is the observation that there is still room for a new type of cargo bike that meets the needs of the outlined target groups. This article summarises how the quality function deployment (QFD) method has been used for the systematic development of an electric cargo tricycle that meets these needs. The developed tricycle distinguishes itself from existing cargo bikes mainly by its loading capacity, stability and manoeuvrability. The prototype tests performed by professional couriers were so positive that a pilot series was built.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC TRICYCLE FOR SERVICE COMPANIES AND LAST-MILE PARCEL DELIVERY","authors":"J. D’hondt, M. Juwet, E. Demeester, P. Slaets","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"In many city centres and some large urban areas, access restrictions are imposed on trucks and vans. On the other hand, the number of e-commerce packages to be delivered daily is increasing rapidly, and service companies of all kinds also have to serve their customers in these areas. The use of cargo bikes is seen as a possible solution. The direct reason for this research is the observation that there is still room for a new type of cargo bike that meets the needs of the outlined target groups. This article summarises how the quality function deployment (QFD) method has been used for the systematic development of an electric cargo tricycle that meets these needs. The developed tricycle distinguishes itself from existing cargo bikes mainly by its loading capacity, stability and manoeuvrability. The prototype tests performed by professional couriers were so positive that a pilot series was built.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.01
D. Hai, N. N. Quang
Using the notion of isolated urban islands, this paper discusses, from a theoretical point of view, three important but controversial issues related to the measurement of social exclusion in the big cities: (i) the extent to which social exclusion is likely to occur, (ii) accessibility indicators that are sensitive and relevant for the evaluation of social exclusion, and (iii) the geographical scale for evaluation. From an urban island point of view, two important issues have been raised: the distribution of jobs, Therefore, basic facilities, and services within an urban island and the travels of people between urban islands. social exclusion can be determined either by the affordability/acceptability of travel time/cost to access the minimum requirement of facilities/services or the number of facilities/services in reach of the individuals within acceptable/affordable travel time and cost. A person will be at risk of social exclusion if they belong to a minority group as opposed to the majority in the same society. Some levels of social exclusion risk have been proposed. The evaluation should be implemented at the meso-level (urban island). From the view of the urban islands, the issues of transportrelated social exclusion are clearly understood, and measurements of social exclusion should be solved. We feel that a detailed survey/interview is needed for areas at high risk of social exclusion, followed by an evaluation at the micro-level to identify excluded people and the causes for their exclusion. It is expected that this paper will attract researchers to pay more attention to this issue.
{"title":"MEASURING TRANSPORT-RELATED SOCIAL EXCLUSION AT THE MESO-LEVEL USING THE CONCEPT OF ISOLATED ISLANDS IN THE BIG CITIES","authors":"D. Hai, N. N. Quang","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Using the notion of isolated urban islands, this paper discusses, from a theoretical point of view, three important but controversial issues related to the measurement of social exclusion in the big cities: (i) the extent to which social exclusion is likely to occur, (ii) accessibility indicators that are sensitive and relevant for the evaluation of social exclusion, and (iii) the geographical scale for evaluation. From an urban island point of view, two important issues have been raised: the distribution of jobs, Therefore, basic facilities, and services within an urban island and the travels of people between urban islands. social exclusion can be determined either by the affordability/acceptability of travel time/cost to access the minimum requirement of facilities/services or the number of facilities/services in reach of the individuals within acceptable/affordable travel time and cost. A person will be at risk of social exclusion if they belong to a minority group as opposed to the majority in the same society. Some levels of social exclusion risk have been proposed. The evaluation should be implemented at the meso-level (urban island). From the view of the urban islands, the issues of transportrelated social exclusion are clearly understood, and measurements of social exclusion should be solved. We feel that a detailed survey/interview is needed for areas at high risk of social exclusion, followed by an evaluation at the micro-level to identify excluded people and the causes for their exclusion. It is expected that this paper will attract researchers to pay more attention to this issue.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45025342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.03
A. Novák Sedláčková, Tatiana Remencová
Airports were originally built as publicly owned organizations, and their main role was to provide services in the public interest. Over the years, the traditional ownership structure began to change and new models of ownership began to emerge. The main aim of the present work is to compare the relationship between the economic results of the regional airports in selected central European countries focused on the Visegrad Group (V4) and their ownership structure to determine whether changes in ownership structures have significantly benefited some airports. The issue of changes in ownership structures has also affected regional airports in recent years because their economic situation is complex due to ineffectiveness. Recently state governments have begun changing their state politics; development strategies and the results of this research can help them to prepare a new approach for this purpose.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE ECONOMIC RESULTS AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES OF REGIONAL AIRPORTS IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (V4)","authors":"A. Novák Sedláčková, Tatiana Remencová","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Airports were originally built as publicly owned organizations, and their main role was to provide services in the public interest. Over the years, the traditional ownership structure began to change and new models of ownership began to emerge. The main aim of the present work is to compare the relationship between the economic results of the regional airports in selected central European countries focused on the Visegrad Group (V4) and their ownership structure to determine whether changes in ownership structures have significantly benefited some airports. The issue of changes in ownership structures has also affected regional airports in recent years because their economic situation is complex due to ineffectiveness. Recently state governments have begun changing their state politics; development strategies and the results of this research can help them to prepare a new approach for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49475002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.18
T. Aliev, N. Musaeva
Transport infrastructure objects are exposed to a large number of loads, which cause the formation of displacements, bends, wear, cracks, breakdowns, corrosion, and other defects. It is shown that at the moment of initiation of malfunctions in objects, the noise of the noisy signals coming from the corresponding sensor takes critical values that correlate with useful signals. Therefore, algorithms are developed for calculating the probability of random noise accepting critical values, a coefficient of correlation between the critical values of the noise and the useful component, and a relay cross-correlation function. Technologies for monitoring the technical condition of transport infrastructure objects are proposed based on the estimates of the developed noise characteristics. Computational experiments are conducted, and the reliability of the developed algorithms and technologies is confirmed.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS BASED ON THE COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION BETWEEN CRITICAL VALUES OF NOISE AND USEFUL SIGNALS","authors":"T. Aliev, N. Musaeva","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Transport infrastructure objects are exposed to a large number of loads, which cause the formation of displacements, bends, wear, cracks, breakdowns, corrosion, and other defects. It is shown that at the moment of initiation of malfunctions in objects, the noise of the noisy signals coming from the corresponding sensor takes critical values that correlate with useful signals. Therefore, algorithms are developed for calculating the probability of random noise accepting critical values, a coefficient of correlation between the critical values of the noise and the useful component, and a relay cross-correlation function. Technologies for monitoring the technical condition of transport infrastructure objects are proposed based on the estimates of the developed noise characteristics. Computational experiments are conducted, and the reliability of the developed algorithms and technologies is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48641619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.09
Z. Korecki, Tomas Hoika
The development of measures in civil aviation protection against illegal acts is based on the analysis of incidents, which can be divided into four development stages. Before 9/11, civil aviation entities were mostly reactive; only new threats warranted a proactive approach to mitigating air threats. The present article’s aim was to analyse the development of methods for checking passengers and objects intended for air transport. The analysis of selected incidents, control processes, and the level of security achieved confirm that the implemented security methods and proactive approach to working with air traffic risks are a suitable compromise between passenger comfort, technological development of detection devices, and processes at the airport.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTIVE SECURITY MEASURES AND CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST CIVIL AVIATION","authors":"Z. Korecki, Tomas Hoika","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"The development of measures in civil aviation protection against illegal acts is based on the analysis of incidents, which can be divided into four development stages. Before 9/11, civil aviation entities were mostly reactive; only new threats warranted a proactive approach to mitigating air threats. The present article’s aim was to analyse the development of methods for checking passengers and objects intended for air transport. The analysis of selected incidents, control processes, and the level of security achieved confirm that the implemented security methods and proactive approach to working with air traffic risks are a suitable compromise between passenger comfort, technological development of detection devices, and processes at the airport.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47096375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.13
B. Haryadi
The present study aimed to assess passenger satisfaction with bus transit services based on passengers’ socio-demographic characteristics, given the service quality. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to relate passengers’ sociodemographic characteristics to their satisfaction with public bus services. The sociodemographic characteristics studied were age, gender, marital status, occupation, income, housing type, family size, and motor vehicle ownership. Data were collected by administering an onboard survey to public bus passengers. In total, 580 completed a questionnaire asking about their socio-demographic characteristics and their satisfaction with bus transit services. The study reveals that significant differences exist in the levels of passengers’ satisfaction depending on their socio-demographic characteristics. Greater satisfaction was significantly associated with being married, unemployed, and young. The delivery of public bus services needs to consider different segments of passengers.
{"title":"MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF PASSENGERS’ SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON SATISFACTION WITH PUBLIC BUS SERVICES IN A DEVELOPING CITY: A CASE STUDY IN SEMARANG, INDONESIA","authors":"B. Haryadi","doi":"10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to assess passenger satisfaction with bus transit services based on passengers’ socio-demographic characteristics, given the service quality. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to relate passengers’ sociodemographic characteristics to their satisfaction with public bus services. The sociodemographic characteristics studied were age, gender, marital status, occupation, income, housing type, family size, and motor vehicle ownership. Data were collected by administering an onboard survey to public bus passengers. In total, 580 completed a questionnaire asking about their socio-demographic characteristics and their satisfaction with bus transit services. The study reveals that significant differences exist in the levels of passengers’ satisfaction depending on their socio-demographic characteristics. Greater satisfaction was significantly associated with being married, unemployed, and young. The delivery of public bus services needs to consider different segments of passengers.","PeriodicalId":45193,"journal":{"name":"Transport Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44741429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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