Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799044
A. Pym
AbstractThe public perception of court interpreters operates through theories located in discourses both within and around the court. Analysis of interpreting at the 1995 criminal trial of O. J. Simpson shows that such theories are able to explain apparent linguistic shifts in terms of lexical non-correspondence, intralingual discursive coherence, sociocultural bias, variety alignment, a ‘user-expectation’ principle, the fiction of non-hermeneutic rendition as a mode of professional demarcation, the priority of the cultural component, and various appeals to linguistic and academic expertise. Although all these approaches can provide explanations of apparent shifts, only cost-beneficial theories are found to be successful within the court context. It is concluded that any scholarly intervention in this field should be in terms of theories able to provide explanations adequate to the amount of analytical effort to be invested.
摘要公众对法院口译员的认知是通过法院内部和法院周围话语中的理论来运作的。对1995年辛普森(O. J. Simpson)刑事审判口译的分析表明，这些理论能够从词汇不对应、语内话语连贯、社会文化偏见、多样性对齐、“用户期望”原则、作为职业划分模式的非解释性演绎的小说、文化成分的优先级以及对语言和学术专业知识的各种诉求等方面解释明显的语言转变。虽然所有这些方法都可以解释明显的转变，但只有成本效益理论被发现在法院背景下是成功的。结论是，在这一领域的任何学术干预都应该在理论方面能够提供足够的解释，以适应投入的分析努力。
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Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799031
J. Gilmore
AbstractIn 1758 the Scottish writer James Grainger published a translation of the classical Roman poet Tibullus which was reprinted into the 20th century. The translation itself and related evidence on its composition, publication and reception are used to provide a detailed exploration of mid-eighteenth-century strategies for translating the classics. Particular attention is paid to Grainger’s controversy with the novelist and editor Tobias Smollett and the arguments it raised about the language suitable for poetry, the intended audience for a translation of this sort, and how to deal with ancient Roman views of sexuality which were problematic for the reading public of Grainger’s time. The circumstances surrounding the publication of Grainger’s translation (especially the patronage of a wealthy West Indian planter) are also used to suggest how one of the effects of translating Roman love poetry was to provide an apology for British colonial slavery.
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Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799036
S. Simon
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Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799032
J. Harker
AbstractThis paper examines some of the key concepts in contemporary translation theory through a case study of ‘Kitchen’, published in 1993. It argues that current trends in translation theory privilege alienating strategies and that such preference has limited value when considering the Japanese translation tradition, which has been characterized by alien otherness. It then takes up the publication history and translation strategy of Banana Yoshimoto’s ‘Kitchen’ and suggests that a middlebrow translation strategy may be best suited for negotiating the problems of sameness and difference involved in cross-cultural encounters.
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Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799033
Zoe de Linde, Neil Kay
AbstractSubtitling is often assumed to be a solely linguistic operation which involves the translation of dialogue into written captions. However, from a viewer’s perspective subtitled productions include more than just linguistic information. In addition to subtitles, viewers have to process film images in order to establish a coherent narrative. Both types of information must be received through the same visual channel. This article examines a number of significant linguistic and non-linguistic features of subtitles and film which potentially affect the way viewers watch subtitled productions. Non-linguistic features are examined in the context of recent studies on eye-movement behaviour, including a comparative study involving deaf and hearing viewers conducted by the authors.
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Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799040
H. Tebble
AbstractMedical interpreting, like many other kinds of community interpreting, needs to have conveyed not only the content of what speakers say but the way they say it. This paper outlines a model, derived from empirical research, of the discourse structure of the interpreted medical consultation. The generic structure of interpreted physicians’ consultations with non-English speaking patients shows eleven stages, the climax being the exposition. It is at this stage that the physician announces his/her findings of the diagnoses and sets up a plan of action for the patient. The extent to which the patient complies with the plan of action (e.g. change of medication) does not depend just on the fact that an interpreter interpreted the consultation, but substantially on the rapport and impact that the physician had on the patient. So conveying accurately the interpersonal elements of what the physician and patient say to each other is crucial. A theoretical framework for analyzing the interpersonal metafuncti...
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Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799035
Edoardo Crisafulli
AbstractThe analysis of ‘The Vision’, H. F. Cary’s rewriting (1888) of Dante’s ‘Comedy’, focuses on the problem of the translator being confronted with different editions of a source text. Cary chooses to take on the function of textual critic: he does not adhere to a single edition but makes his choices from a number of versions by different editors. Significantly, Dante’s translator foregrounds his acts of textual criticism: he presents the reader with various (often equally plausible) alternatives in his explanatory footnotes, thereby casting serious doubts on the belief that he – or any other translator for that matter – can be absolutely ‘faithful’. Not only do Cary’s choices as a textual critic emphasize the elusive nature of textual meaning, but they also introduce a dissociative element in his translation project: by achieving readability in the text proper Cary complies with the expectation of the reading public that he will recover the original meaning; on the other hand, he takes great pains to...
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Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13556509.1999.10799034
K. Hartman
AbstractThis article discusses two late nineteenth-century English translations (1889 and 1890) of ‘Le Journal de Marie Bashkirtseff’ (1887). It maintains that the two translations are an important part of the reception history of the Journal because they offer opposing representations of Bashkirtseff’s femininity. The representation of gender in translation is necessarily shaped by the identity of the translator, and in the case of Bashkirtseff’s ‘Journal’, the translator’s ideology and potential identification with the foreign text construct a unique representation of ‘feminine’ in the translation. The paper builds its argument through an investigation of the history of the ‘Journal’ (including its many translations), an exploration of the biographies of its two nineteenth-century translators (Mathilde Blind and Mary Serrano), and a detailed reading of both English translations against the French. Finally, the results of this historical inquiry are used to extend contemporary discussion about gender in ...
摘要本文讨论了《巴什基尔采夫日记》(Le Journal de Marie Bashkirtseff, 1887)的两个19世纪末的英译本(1889年和1890年)。它坚持认为，这两个译本是《华尔街日报》接受史的重要组成部分，因为它们对巴什基尔采夫的女性气质提供了相反的表现。翻译中的性别表征必然受到译者身份的塑造，在巴什基尔采夫的《日记》中，译者的意识形态和对外来文本的潜在认同构建了翻译中独特的“女性”表征。本文通过对《华尔街日报》历史的调查(包括它的许多译本)、对两位19世纪翻译者(玛蒂尔德·布林德和玛丽·塞拉诺)的传记的探索，以及对两种英译本与法语译本的详细阅读，建立了自己的论点。最后，这一历史调查的结果被用来扩展当代关于性别的讨论。
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