Alexander Siedschlag, Tiangeng Lu, Andrea Jerković, W. Kensinger
Abstract This article presents and discusses, in the new context of COVID-19, findings from a tabletop exercise on response and resilience in the ongoing opioid crisis in Pennsylvania. The exercise was organized by [identifying information removed] and held at the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA), in further collaboration with the Governor’s Office of Homeland Security, the Pennsylvania Department of Health, and with the participation of several additional agencies and institutions. It addressed first-responder and whole-community response and resilience to the ongoing opioid crisis. More than 50 experts participated in the one-day program that involved state and local agencies, first-responder organizations, as well as academia in a discussion about effectuating comprehensive response to overdose incidents. Participant experts represented a wide array of backgrounds, including state and local law enforcement agencies; emergency medical technicians; public health and health care professionals; and scholars from the fields of law, security studies, public policy, and public health, among other relevant areas. Participants addressed specific challenges, including resource sharing among responders; capacity-building for long-term recovery; effective integration of non-traditional partners, such as spontaneous volunteers and donors; and public education and outreach to improve prevention. The exercise aimed to strengthen the whole-community approach to emergency response.
{"title":"Opioid Crisis Response and Resilience: Results and Perspectives from a Multi-Agency Tabletop Exercise at the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency","authors":"Alexander Siedschlag, Tiangeng Lu, Andrea Jerković, W. Kensinger","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2020-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2020-0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents and discusses, in the new context of COVID-19, findings from a tabletop exercise on response and resilience in the ongoing opioid crisis in Pennsylvania. The exercise was organized by [identifying information removed] and held at the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA), in further collaboration with the Governor’s Office of Homeland Security, the Pennsylvania Department of Health, and with the participation of several additional agencies and institutions. It addressed first-responder and whole-community response and resilience to the ongoing opioid crisis. More than 50 experts participated in the one-day program that involved state and local agencies, first-responder organizations, as well as academia in a discussion about effectuating comprehensive response to overdose incidents. Participant experts represented a wide array of backgrounds, including state and local law enforcement agencies; emergency medical technicians; public health and health care professionals; and scholars from the fields of law, security studies, public policy, and public health, among other relevant areas. Participants addressed specific challenges, including resource sharing among responders; capacity-building for long-term recovery; effective integration of non-traditional partners, such as spontaneous volunteers and donors; and public education and outreach to improve prevention. The exercise aimed to strengthen the whole-community approach to emergency response.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"63 1","pages":"283 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81080166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For nearly 20 years, I have given presentations on family emergency preparedness. I have spoken to reporters, written articles, even co-authored a book about it. I have developed online family preparedness guides. I have worked in emergency preparedness for the public sector, private sector, and for nonprofits. Yet when an unanticipated disaster arrived, I was unprepared. Despite decades of lecturing on the subject, when COVID-19 struck earlier this year I had nothing prepared for my own family: no preparedness kit, no stock of water, no extra food. I had no plan. Like far too many Americans in the wake of disasters, I had always intended to build up a preparedness kit and emergency stock. But like the cobbler who was too busy to make shoes for his own children, I spent too much time telling others how to prepare for a disaster; not enough time preparing myself. COVID-19 continues to teach all of us painful lessons about how unprepared we are for the unexpected and what we need to do to prepare for the future. For emergency preparedness specialists like me, the pandemic underscores how important it is thatwe lead by example.Whenwe take the time to “preparewhatwe preach,” we see firsthand the challenges that all Americans face in doing so themselves and better understand how to address the challenges. We also highlight the role we play as preparedness messengers in our circle of family, friends, and neighbors. My own exposure to family preparedness started when I was a child. I saw the preparedness efforts instilleduponmymaternal grandmotherwho lived through the Great Depression. She was a young teen during the Depression and her pantry as an adult told a story of want. Like Scarlett O’Hara, she was determined to “never be hungry again.” In the face of pending hunger and poverty, she always stocked her pantry with hundreds of cans of Campbell’s Soup and bulk packages of spearmint
{"title":"COVID-19 Highlights Best Emergency Preparedness Approach: Lead by Example","authors":"Crystal Kline","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2020-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2020-0068","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly 20 years, I have given presentations on family emergency preparedness. I have spoken to reporters, written articles, even co-authored a book about it. I have developed online family preparedness guides. I have worked in emergency preparedness for the public sector, private sector, and for nonprofits. Yet when an unanticipated disaster arrived, I was unprepared. Despite decades of lecturing on the subject, when COVID-19 struck earlier this year I had nothing prepared for my own family: no preparedness kit, no stock of water, no extra food. I had no plan. Like far too many Americans in the wake of disasters, I had always intended to build up a preparedness kit and emergency stock. But like the cobbler who was too busy to make shoes for his own children, I spent too much time telling others how to prepare for a disaster; not enough time preparing myself. COVID-19 continues to teach all of us painful lessons about how unprepared we are for the unexpected and what we need to do to prepare for the future. For emergency preparedness specialists like me, the pandemic underscores how important it is thatwe lead by example.Whenwe take the time to “preparewhatwe preach,” we see firsthand the challenges that all Americans face in doing so themselves and better understand how to address the challenges. We also highlight the role we play as preparedness messengers in our circle of family, friends, and neighbors. My own exposure to family preparedness started when I was a child. I saw the preparedness efforts instilleduponmymaternal grandmotherwho lived through the Great Depression. She was a young teen during the Depression and her pantry as an adult told a story of want. Like Scarlett O’Hara, she was determined to “never be hungry again.” In the face of pending hunger and poverty, she always stocked her pantry with hundreds of cans of Campbell’s Soup and bulk packages of spearmint","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"21 1","pages":"215 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73302076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Claire Connolly Knox and Brittany “Brie” Haupt: Cultural Competency for Emergency and Crisis Management: Concepts, Theories, and Case Studies","authors":"A. Richards","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2020-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2020-0082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"58 1","pages":"219 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91038709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the last decade, communities have become increasingly aware of the risks they face. They are threatened by natural disasters, which may be exacerbated by climate change and the movement of land masses. Growing globalization has made a pandemic due to the rapid spread of highly infectious diseases ever more likely. Societal discord breeds its own threats, not the least of which is the spread of radical ideologies giving rise to terrorism. The accelerating rate of technological change has bred its own social and economic risks. This widening spectrum of risk poses a difficult question to every community – how resilient will the community be to the extreme events it faces. In this paper, we present a new approach to answering that question. It is based on the stress testing of financial institutions required by regulators in the United States and elsewhere. It generalizes stress testing by expanding the concept of “capital” beyond finance to include the other “capitals” (e.g., human, social) possessed by a community. Through use of this approach, communities can determine which investments of its capitals are most likely to improve its resilience. We provide an example of using the approach, and discuss its potential benefits.
{"title":"Stress Testing to Assess Recovery from Extreme Events","authors":"M. Plodinec","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the last decade, communities have become increasingly aware of the risks they face. They are threatened by natural disasters, which may be exacerbated by climate change and the movement of land masses. Growing globalization has made a pandemic due to the rapid spread of highly infectious diseases ever more likely. Societal discord breeds its own threats, not the least of which is the spread of radical ideologies giving rise to terrorism. The accelerating rate of technological change has bred its own social and economic risks. This widening spectrum of risk poses a difficult question to every community – how resilient will the community be to the extreme events it faces. In this paper, we present a new approach to answering that question. It is based on the stress testing of financial institutions required by regulators in the United States and elsewhere. It generalizes stress testing by expanding the concept of “capital” beyond finance to include the other “capitals” (e.g., human, social) possessed by a community. Through use of this approach, communities can determine which investments of its capitals are most likely to improve its resilience. We provide an example of using the approach, and discuss its potential benefits.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"69 1","pages":"151 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80032868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As emergency management evolved to encompass a focus on supporting safe growth and development for communities, the role and responsibilities of government became increasingly complex with aspects of emergency management becoming quintessential. Issues with communication uncovered the need to understand how managers collect, disseminate, and adapt critical information through understanding crisis type and local community needs. This paper examines the use of crisis communication strategies in emergency management practice and how these strategies have been impacted by Situational Crisis Communication Theory. This theory’s prescriptive approach connects leaders’ response to strategies emphasizing adaptation to local community needs and crisis type. Utilizing structural equation modeling and qualitative analysis, results from a nationwide survey of county, and county-equivalent, emergency managers in the United States is included. The survey focused on the relationship between crisis communication strategies, local community needs, crisis type, and perceived resilience. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significant indicators impacting use of crisis communication strategies by emergency managers along with critical importance of adaptation to local community needs and crisis type. In addition, the paper unveils practical recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field of emergency management and its counterparts.
{"title":"The Use of Crisis Communication Strategies in Emergency Management","authors":"B. Haupt","doi":"10.1515/JHSEM-2020-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JHSEM-2020-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As emergency management evolved to encompass a focus on supporting safe growth and development for communities, the role and responsibilities of government became increasingly complex with aspects of emergency management becoming quintessential. Issues with communication uncovered the need to understand how managers collect, disseminate, and adapt critical information through understanding crisis type and local community needs. This paper examines the use of crisis communication strategies in emergency management practice and how these strategies have been impacted by Situational Crisis Communication Theory. This theory’s prescriptive approach connects leaders’ response to strategies emphasizing adaptation to local community needs and crisis type. Utilizing structural equation modeling and qualitative analysis, results from a nationwide survey of county, and county-equivalent, emergency managers in the United States is included. The survey focused on the relationship between crisis communication strategies, local community needs, crisis type, and perceived resilience. The paper concludes with a discussion of the significant indicators impacting use of crisis communication strategies by emergency managers along with critical importance of adaptation to local community needs and crisis type. In addition, the paper unveils practical recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field of emergency management and its counterparts.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"73 1","pages":"125 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84390376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-frontmatter1
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jhsem-2021-frontmatter1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72502116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Research has shown that mass media can influence response operations by influencing the way that information is disseminated to the public before, during, and after disaster. After the 2014 Ebola event, the International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM) conducted an After Action Review that proposes the need for government to ensure that the media does not control the narrative of response. The goal of this study is to understand if and how the media did attempt to control the narrative of response. To achieve this goal, we conduct a content analysis of three major newspapers, from July 26, 2014 to November 1, 2014, that focuses on Adaptive Governance in response to Ebola’s debut in the United States shortly after September 20, 2014. The results indicate that articles are more likely to focus on federal agencies and response efforts that follow established federal guidelines. However, the mention of local government, the boots on the ground first responders, is not significant to the mention of Adaptive Governance. This suggests that print media is controlling the narrative of the response and local government needs to provide the print media more access to emergency management professionals for more effective dissemination of effective local response.
{"title":"Media, Disaster Response, Ebola: What Local Government Needs to Understand About Media Influence of Response Operations When the Improbable Becomes Reality","authors":"Brian Don Williams, James P. Nelson","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2017-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2017-0074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research has shown that mass media can influence response operations by influencing the way that information is disseminated to the public before, during, and after disaster. After the 2014 Ebola event, the International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM) conducted an After Action Review that proposes the need for government to ensure that the media does not control the narrative of response. The goal of this study is to understand if and how the media did attempt to control the narrative of response. To achieve this goal, we conduct a content analysis of three major newspapers, from July 26, 2014 to November 1, 2014, that focuses on Adaptive Governance in response to Ebola’s debut in the United States shortly after September 20, 2014. The results indicate that articles are more likely to focus on federal agencies and response efforts that follow established federal guidelines. However, the mention of local government, the boots on the ground first responders, is not significant to the mention of Adaptive Governance. This suggests that print media is controlling the narrative of the response and local government needs to provide the print media more access to emergency management professionals for more effective dissemination of effective local response.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"24 1","pages":"67 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78580504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Hurricane Harvey was social media's first real stress test as a disaster response and recovery mechanism. A confluence of conditions makes it an ideal case study of social media's role in disaster recovery: the lack of a government-issued evacuation order, a call from government leadership for willing and able volunteers with a boat or high-water vehicle to perform life-saving rescues, and wide-spread adoption of social media platforms in the Houston area. While research on online social networks and disasters continues to grow, social scientists know little about how these online networks transform during a crisis and, further, how they drive disaster outcomes. With two original datasets, this study investigates how Houston's online social network transformed during Hurricane Harvey (2017), and the relationship between social media activity and post-Harvey recovery. The findings of a social network analysis (N= 2,387,610) and subsequent statistical analyses reveal the Houston-area online social network grew denser, clustered, and more efficient during the disaster. A spatial analysis and three separate regression models of activity before, during, and after Hurricane Harvey reveal that among 333 Nextdoor Neighborhoods, hyperlocal social media activity was a statistically significant predictor of the rate of rebuilding in these geographically based online communities. These findings suggest that policy and decision-makers should invest into online and offline hyperlocal social networks well before a disaster strikes, and leverage resources and legislation to maintain and strengthen the telecommunications and energy infrastructure that supports access to social media and telecommunications infrastructure during a time of crisis.
{"title":"The Role of Social Media in Disaster Recovery Following Hurricane Harvey","authors":"Courtney Page-Tan","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2018-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2018-0054","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hurricane Harvey was social media's first real stress test as a disaster response and recovery mechanism. A confluence of conditions makes it an ideal case study of social media's role in disaster recovery: the lack of a government-issued evacuation order, a call from government leadership for willing and able volunteers with a boat or high-water vehicle to perform life-saving rescues, and wide-spread adoption of social media platforms in the Houston area. While research on online social networks and disasters continues to grow, social scientists know little about how these online networks transform during a crisis and, further, how they drive disaster outcomes. With two original datasets, this study investigates how Houston's online social network transformed during Hurricane Harvey (2017), and the relationship between social media activity and post-Harvey recovery. The findings of a social network analysis (N= 2,387,610) and subsequent statistical analyses reveal the Houston-area online social network grew denser, clustered, and more efficient during the disaster. A spatial analysis and three separate regression models of activity before, during, and after Hurricane Harvey reveal that among 333 Nextdoor Neighborhoods, hyperlocal social media activity was a statistically significant predictor of the rate of rebuilding in these geographically based online communities. These findings suggest that policy and decision-makers should invest into online and offline hyperlocal social networks well before a disaster strikes, and leverage resources and legislation to maintain and strengthen the telecommunications and energy infrastructure that supports access to social media and telecommunications infrastructure during a time of crisis.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"140 1","pages":"93 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79597474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A critical component of successful public health emergency responses is the availability of appropriate numbers of personnel with emergency response expertise. To achieve this, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focused on strengthening training, personnel database systems, and responder outreach. To ensure availability of well-trained public health emergency responders, CDC and external partners coordinated training, planning, exercise, and evaluation activities; established the School of Preparedness and Emergency Response; and implemented Responder Training Tiers for response roles with defined functional competencies. For personnel information, CDC developed interoperable databases to streamline the search for specific staff expertise for a response. To improve responder outreach, CDC developed various mechanisms to efficiently identify and assign potential responders to responses. These measures work together to sustain a qualified workforce for public health emergencies, and may be helpful to other public health agencies for staffing and training of their response workforce.
{"title":"Preparing the CDC Public Health Workforce for Emergency Response","authors":"X. Davis, Edward N Rouse, Chaunté Stampley","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2019-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2019-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A critical component of successful public health emergency responses is the availability of appropriate numbers of personnel with emergency response expertise. To achieve this, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focused on strengthening training, personnel database systems, and responder outreach. To ensure availability of well-trained public health emergency responders, CDC and external partners coordinated training, planning, exercise, and evaluation activities; established the School of Preparedness and Emergency Response; and implemented Responder Training Tiers for response roles with defined functional competencies. For personnel information, CDC developed interoperable databases to streamline the search for specific staff expertise for a response. To improve responder outreach, CDC developed various mechanisms to efficiently identify and assign potential responders to responses. These measures work together to sustain a qualified workforce for public health emergencies, and may be helpful to other public health agencies for staffing and training of their response workforce.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"2013 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88173262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The emergency responses required during large-scale crises or disasters are extremely knowledge-intensive processes and are usually characterized by a high degree of unpredictability and unrepeatability. An emergency response is mission- and time-critical, unstructured, very dynamic, and it is very difficult to predefine or even to anticipate all possible response scenarios. Therefore, designing and implementing a software system to support such a response system is highly complicated and challenging. This research aims to investigate and discuss how Adaptive Case Management (ACM) can be leveraged in the design and implementation of a case-based emergency response system. In particular, this research considers the best practices of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which is an essential part of the National Response Framework (NRF) developed in the United States. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype demonstration has been carried out on a leading commercial ACM platform. In addition, a walkthrough scenario is discussed to elaborate how ACM can support emergency response activities in real settings using the Incident Command System (ICS) organizational structure. The key benefit of this research is to guide the development and implementation of cased-based emergency response systems with a flexible and agile approach.
{"title":"Developing a Case-based Emergency Response System with Adaptive Case Management","authors":"A. Y. Shahrah, M. Al-Mashari","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2017-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2017-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emergency responses required during large-scale crises or disasters are extremely knowledge-intensive processes and are usually characterized by a high degree of unpredictability and unrepeatability. An emergency response is mission- and time-critical, unstructured, very dynamic, and it is very difficult to predefine or even to anticipate all possible response scenarios. Therefore, designing and implementing a software system to support such a response system is highly complicated and challenging. This research aims to investigate and discuss how Adaptive Case Management (ACM) can be leveraged in the design and implementation of a case-based emergency response system. In particular, this research considers the best practices of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which is an essential part of the National Response Framework (NRF) developed in the United States. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype demonstration has been carried out on a leading commercial ACM platform. In addition, a walkthrough scenario is discussed to elaborate how ACM can support emergency response activities in real settings using the Incident Command System (ICS) organizational structure. The key benefit of this research is to guide the development and implementation of cased-based emergency response systems with a flexible and agile approach.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"23 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89540609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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