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Community-Based Border Policing: Towards Complementing Border Surveillance Strategy in Countering Human Trafficking on the Nigeria–Niger Border 基于社区的边境警务:在尼日利亚-尼日尔边境打击人口贩运活动中补充边境监控战略
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/00219096241228770
Aminu Idris, Nsemba Edward Lenshie, P. Onuh, Buhari Shehu Miapyen
Even though the Nigeria–Niger border is a significant gateway for human trafficking to Europe, it has received limited scholarly attention. The study used ethnographic and documentary methods to argue for adopting community-based border policing (CBBP) on the Nigeria–Niger border to complement border surveillance strategy (BSS). Despite the reliance on surveillance strategies, crimes like human trafficking have persisted on the Nigeria–Niger border. This state of affairs has necessitated the need to explore more comprehensive ways to police the border, for which CBBP is relevant to help in mitigating human trafficking on the Nigeria–Niger border.
尽管尼日利亚-尼日尔边境是向欧洲贩运人口的重要通道,但学术界对它的关注却很有限。本研究采用人种学和文献学方法,主张在尼日利亚-尼日尔边境采取基于社区的边境警务(CBBP),以补充边境监控战略(BSS)。尽管依赖于监控战略,但人口贩运等犯罪在尼日利亚-尼日尔边境依然存在。因此,有必要探索更全面的边境警务方法,而社区边境警务有助于减少尼日利亚-尼日尔边境的人口贩运活动。
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引用次数: 0
The Ideology of Two Dominant Party Systems in 21st-Century African Neoliberal Democracies: A Paired Comparison of Nigeria and Ghana 21 世纪非洲新自由主义民主政体中两个主导政党制度的意识形态:尼日利亚与加纳的配对比较
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/00219096241228761
Ambrose Ihekwoaba Egwim
In Nigeria and Ghana, scholars and statesmen suggest that the party system has missed the mark, having bred two major political parties that look alike ideologically. The argument is that the major parties in a two-dominant party system must articulate clearly alternative visions and strategies in an ideologically driven manifesto. To show the difference, such parties must have opposing values and ideologies, one revising the neoliberal growth model. Some analysts argue that when the ruling party manifests capitalist tendencies, the opposition should tend to the left-of-the-centre or socialist to express the opposite. What are the parties doing differently? While it seems on paper that National Democratic Congress and New Patriotic Party (NDC/NPP) in Ghana and All Progressives Congress and Peoples Democratic Party (APC/PDP) in Nigeria have manifestoes that seem to differ, there appears to be a minimal difference in their policies when in power to match the ideological leanings. The paper argues that political parties are essential to liberal democracy, but in the current hegemony of the market economy, they do not have to be diametrically ideologically different to fulfil their roles. The major political parties can be differentiated based on their stand on issues, giving rise to issue-based parties rather than ideological ones. The electorates may also rely on the office’s effectiveness to guide candidates’ and parties’ choices. The parties ought to articulate pressing national issues and solve them.
在尼日利亚和加纳,学者和政治家们认为,政党制度没有达到预期目标,因为它孕育了两个在意识形态上相似的主要政党。他们的论点是,在一个两党制的政党体系中,主要政党必须在意识形态驱动的宣言中明确阐述不同的愿景和战略。为了显示差异,这些政党必须具有对立的价值观和意识形态,其中一个政党必须修正新自由主义增长模式。一些分析家认为,当执政党表现出资本主义倾向时,反对党应倾向于中心偏左或社会主义,以表达相反的观点。各政党的做法有何不同?从纸面上看,加纳的全国民主大会党和新爱国党(NDC/NPP)以及尼日利亚的全国进步大会党和人民民主党(APC/PDP)的宣言似乎有所不同,但它们执政时的政策似乎与意识形态倾向相差甚微。本文认为,政党对自由民主至关重要,但在当前的市场经济霸权下,政党不一定要在意识形态上截然不同才能发挥其作用。主要政党可根据其对问题的立场加以区分,从而产生以问题为基础的政党,而非意识形态政党。选民也可以依靠办公室的有效性来指导候选人和政党的选择。政党应阐明并解决紧迫的国家问题。
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引用次数: 0
How Citizen Communication Mediation Model Works in Taiwan: The Moderating Roles of Asian Values and Network Homogeneity 公民沟通调解模式如何在台湾发挥作用?亚洲价值观和网络同质性的调节作用
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/00219096241228771
Siyu Song, Minwei Ai
Although communication mediation models have been extensively researched, limited attention has been given to the influence of social and cultural characteristics. This study aims to address this gap by examining the Citizen Communication Mediation Model within the context of Taiwan. Specifically, it investigates the moderating roles of Asian values and network homogeneity. Utilizing data from the 2018–2021 Asian Barometer Survey, we identify a significant indirect effect of political news consumption on political participation through political discussion. Furthermore, our findings reveal that Asian values tend to mitigate the impact of political discussion on political participation. Higher levels of network homogeneity can enhance the mobilizing effect of political discussion, but this effect is most pronounced among individuals with low or medium levels of Asian values. The implications of these findings are discussed.
尽管对沟通调解模式进行了广泛的研究,但对社会和文化特征的影响却关注有限。本研究旨在通过研究台湾背景下的 "公民沟通调解模型 "来填补这一空白。具体而言,它研究了亚洲价值观和网络同质性的调节作用。利用 2018-2021 年亚洲晴雨表调查的数据,我们发现政治新闻消费通过政治讨论对政治参与有显著的间接影响。此外,我们的研究结果表明,亚洲人的价值观往往会减轻政治讨论对政治参与的影响。较高水平的网络同质性可以增强政治讨论的动员效应,但这种效应在低水平或中等水平亚洲价值观的个体中最为明显。本文讨论了这些发现的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Land Scarcity and Its Effects on Traditional Tenure Rights in Rural Zambia 赞比亚农村地区对土地稀缺的认识及其对传统保有权的影响
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231225951
Dinah Mwanza, E. Munshifwa, F. Kalaba
This study reviews the present escalating land pressures and their effects on traditional tenure rights in rural Zambia. The paper examines the evidence from qualitative as well as quantitative research design using in-depth interviews, key informants, and Focus Group Discussions. Owing to the scarcity of experimental studies, the review of empirical work is based mostly on observational studies, which compared Chamuka chiefdom located in Chisamba and Shimukunami chiefdom found in Lufwanyama district systems of traditional land administration. The study used χ2 test to analyze data to determine if perceived land scarcity had a significant impact on change under traditional land governance. Some evidence of positive relationships between traditional land management and perceived resource scarcity exists. It was, therefore, concluded that policy support for customary land governance has the potential to contribute to improving land use and reducing perceived land pressures in rural communities.
本研究回顾了赞比亚农村地区目前不断升级的土地压力及其对传统保有权的影响。本文采用深入访谈、关键信息提供者和焦点小组讨论等定性和定量研究设计,对证据进行了审查。由于缺乏实验性研究,实证工作的回顾主要基于观察性研究,这些观察性研究比较了奇桑巴(Chisamba)的查穆卡(Chamuka)酋长领地和卢夫万亚马(Lufwanyama)地区的希姆库纳米(Shimukunami)酋长领地的传统土地管理制度。该研究使用 χ2 检验分析数据,以确定土地稀缺感是否对传统土地管理下的变化产生重大影响。一些证据表明,传统土地管理与感知到的资源稀缺性之间存在正相关关系。因此,得出的结论是,对传统土地治理的政策支持有可能有助于改善农村社区的土地使用情况并减轻其所感受到的土地压力。
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引用次数: 0
Refugees Experience and the Host Communities: Critical Analyses on Absence of Refugee Law in India 难民经历与收容社区:对印度难民法缺失的批判性分析
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00219096241228804
Marconi Debbarma
This article delves into the pressing necessity for comprehensive refugee legislation in India and the repercussions arising from the absence of such legal provisions. India, which harbours a considerable population of refugees from nations such as Myanmar, Bangladesh, Tibet, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan, presently lacks a specialized legal framework tailored to tackle the distinct challenges confronted by refugees. The nonexistence of refugee laws gives rise to various consequences impacting refugees and the host country. The research methodology for this study adopted a qualitative approach, focusing on gaining in-depth insights into the challenges faced by refugees and the host communities in India and the consequences of lacking a dedicated refugee law. This article highlights five pivotal domains where the lack of a refugee law in India yields significant ramifications: insufficiency of legal safeguards, ambiguity and inconsistent treatment, restricted access to essential services, susceptibility to exploitation and mistreatment and burdens on host communities. Moreover, the article delves into the implications of national security concerns originating from the dearth of a comprehensive refugee law and its effect on India’s global standing. The analysis underscores the criticality of enacting a robust refugee law to safeguard the rights, security and welfare of refugees; foster their integration into society; and showcase India’s dedication to human rights and international humanitarian endeavours. The article concludes by emphasizing that implementing a comprehensive refugee law is imperative to address the challenges posed by forced displacement and establish a secure and inclusive future for refugees and the host nation.
本文深入探讨了印度全面难民立法的迫切必要性以及缺乏此类法律规定所带来的影响。印度收容了大量来自缅甸、孟加拉国、西藏、斯里兰卡和阿富汗等国的难民,目前缺乏专门的法律框架来应对难民所面临的独特挑战。难民法的不存在给难民和东道国带来了各种影响。本研究采用定性研究方法,重点深入了解印度难民和收容社区面临的挑战以及缺乏专门难民法的后果。本文强调了印度缺乏难民法造成重大影响的五个关键领域:法律保障不足、模糊不清和待遇不一致、获得基本服务的机会受限、容易遭受剥削和虐待以及收容社区的负担。此外,文章还深入探讨了因缺乏全面的难民法而产生的国家安全问题及其对印度全球地位的影响。分析强调了颁布一部强有力的难民法的重要性,以保障难民的权利、安全和福利,促进他们融入社会,并展示印度对人权和国际人道主义事业的奉献。文章最后强调,要应对被迫流离失所带来的挑战,为难民和东道国建立一个安全、包容的未来,就必须实施一部全面的难民法。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review of the Performance of Agricultural Marketing in Malawi 马拉维农产品营销绩效系统回顾
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224679
M. Chitete, W. Mgomezulu, Mercy Bwanaisa, Chitsanzo Damazio, Robert Tauka Kaunda, J. Dzanja
The main purpose of this study was to review the performance of agricultural marketing in Malawi. Using a systematic review, the study synthesizes factors affecting performance of agricultural marketing in Malawi. It identifies key issues such as a lack of an efficient market system, information asymmetry in the market, inadequate agricultural marketing policies for non-food crops, price uncertainty, and lack of export incentives to encourage and boost agricultural exports. To that end, the study urges the necessity for a thorough examination of agricultural marketing policies that places an emphasis on dealing with important challenges in the agricultural sector that are supported by empirical data in order to foster economic growth.
本研究的主要目的是回顾马拉维农业营销的绩效。通过系统回顾,本研究总结了影响马拉维农产品营销绩效的因素。它指出了一些关键问题,如缺乏高效的市场体系、市场信息不对称、非粮食作物的农产品营销政策不完善、价格不确定以及缺乏鼓励和促进农产品出口的出口激励措施。为此,该研究敦促有必要对农业营销政策进行彻底审查,重点是应对农业部门面临的有经验数据支持的重要挑战,以促进经济增长。
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引用次数: 0
Reporting on Science in the Southern African Context: Exploring Influences on Journalistic Practice 南部非洲背景下的科学报道:探索对新闻实践的影响
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224668
Trust Matsilele, M. Msimanga, L. Tshuma, Sadia Jamil
This exploratory study investigates the journalistic influences on science reporting in Southern Africa, filling the gap that is under explored. South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe are the selected cases. Methodologically, this qualitative study relied on in-depth face-to-face interviews and purposive sampling as designs. The study employed Reese’s and Shoemaker’s hierarchy of influences model as the preferred theoretical framework because it articulates diverse factors affecting news content, categorized from a micro-individual to the macro-social system level. This study found that lack of resources, limited knowledge of science by journalists, and preference for political and economic news have largely affected the quality and frequency of science reporting in Southern Africa.
这项探索性研究调查了新闻对南部非洲科学报道的影响,填补了探索不足的空白。南非、莫桑比克和津巴布韦是选定的案例。在方法上,这项定性研究采用了深入的面对面访谈和有目的的抽样设计。研究采用里斯和舒梅克的影响层次模型作为首选理论框架,因为该模型阐明了影响新闻内容的各种因素,从微观个体到宏观社会系统层面进行分类。本研究发现,资源匮乏、记者科学知识有限以及对政治和经济新闻的偏好在很大程度上影响了南部非洲科学报道的质量和频率。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review of the Performance of Agricultural Marketing in Malawi 马拉维农产品营销绩效系统回顾
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224679
M. Chitete, W. Mgomezulu, Mercy Bwanaisa, Chitsanzo Damazio, Robert Tauka Kaunda, J. Dzanja
The main purpose of this study was to review the performance of agricultural marketing in Malawi. Using a systematic review, the study synthesizes factors affecting performance of agricultural marketing in Malawi. It identifies key issues such as a lack of an efficient market system, information asymmetry in the market, inadequate agricultural marketing policies for non-food crops, price uncertainty, and lack of export incentives to encourage and boost agricultural exports. To that end, the study urges the necessity for a thorough examination of agricultural marketing policies that places an emphasis on dealing with important challenges in the agricultural sector that are supported by empirical data in order to foster economic growth.
本研究的主要目的是回顾马拉维农业营销的绩效。通过系统回顾,本研究总结了影响马拉维农产品营销绩效的因素。它指出了一些关键问题,如缺乏高效的市场体系、市场信息不对称、非粮食作物的农产品营销政策不完善、价格不确定以及缺乏鼓励和促进农产品出口的出口激励措施。为此,该研究敦促有必要对农业营销政策进行彻底审查,重点是应对农业部门面临的有经验数据支持的重要挑战,以促进经济增长。
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引用次数: 0
Reporting on Science in the Southern African Context: Exploring Influences on Journalistic Practice 南部非洲背景下的科学报道:探索对新闻实践的影响
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231224668
Trust Matsilele, M. Msimanga, L. Tshuma, Sadia Jamil
This exploratory study investigates the journalistic influences on science reporting in Southern Africa, filling the gap that is under explored. South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe are the selected cases. Methodologically, this qualitative study relied on in-depth face-to-face interviews and purposive sampling as designs. The study employed Reese’s and Shoemaker’s hierarchy of influences model as the preferred theoretical framework because it articulates diverse factors affecting news content, categorized from a micro-individual to the macro-social system level. This study found that lack of resources, limited knowledge of science by journalists, and preference for political and economic news have largely affected the quality and frequency of science reporting in Southern Africa.
这项探索性研究调查了新闻对南部非洲科学报道的影响,填补了探索不足的空白。南非、莫桑比克和津巴布韦是选定的案例。在方法上,这项定性研究采用了深入的面对面访谈和有目的的抽样设计。研究采用里斯和舒梅克的影响层次模型作为首选理论框架,因为该模型阐明了影响新闻内容的各种因素,从微观个体到宏观社会系统层面进行分类。本研究发现,资源匮乏、记者科学知识有限以及对政治和经济新闻的偏好在很大程度上影响了南部非洲科学报道的质量和频率。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Land Scarcity and Its Effects on Traditional Tenure Rights in Rural Zambia 赞比亚农村地区对土地稀缺的认识及其对传统保有权的影响
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00219096231225951
Dinah Mwanza, E. Munshifwa, F. Kalaba
This study reviews the present escalating land pressures and their effects on traditional tenure rights in rural Zambia. The paper examines the evidence from qualitative as well as quantitative research design using in-depth interviews, key informants, and Focus Group Discussions. Owing to the scarcity of experimental studies, the review of empirical work is based mostly on observational studies, which compared Chamuka chiefdom located in Chisamba and Shimukunami chiefdom found in Lufwanyama district systems of traditional land administration. The study used χ2 test to analyze data to determine if perceived land scarcity had a significant impact on change under traditional land governance. Some evidence of positive relationships between traditional land management and perceived resource scarcity exists. It was, therefore, concluded that policy support for customary land governance has the potential to contribute to improving land use and reducing perceived land pressures in rural communities.
本研究回顾了赞比亚农村地区目前不断升级的土地压力及其对传统保有权的影响。本文采用深入访谈、关键信息提供者和焦点小组讨论等定性和定量研究设计,对证据进行了审查。由于缺乏实验性研究,实证工作的回顾主要基于观察性研究,这些观察性研究比较了奇桑巴(Chisamba)的查穆卡(Chamuka)酋长领地和卢夫万亚马(Lufwanyama)地区的希姆库纳米(Shimukunami)酋长领地的传统土地管理制度。该研究使用 χ2 检验分析数据,以确定土地稀缺感是否对传统土地管理下的变化产生重大影响。一些证据表明,传统土地管理与感知到的资源稀缺性之间存在正相关关系。因此,得出的结论是,对传统土地治理的政策支持有可能有助于改善农村社区的土地使用情况并减轻其所感受到的土地压力。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Asian and African Studies
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