European Review of Applied Psychology-Revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee最新文献

Introduction

The current study assessed the effectiveness of the main components of the targeted prevention (TP) intervention of a multilevel prevention program for depression and anxiety in college students.

Objective

The TP intervention includes ten ninety-minute workshops for groups of five to ten students who reported significant anxious or depressive symptoms during an initial universal prevention (UP) intervention.

Method

Participants were 307 students, aged 16 to 30. Measures of intrapersonal risk and resiliency factors, including cognitive distortions, mindfulness principles and practice, managing anxiety, mental illness literacy, and the development of personal goals and values were collected. Latent growth models provided strong support for the effectiveness of the intervention, with a greater reduction in depressive symptoms in the experimental group than the comparison group.

Results

Although the model was not significant for anxious symptoms, a significant finding in the experimental individual model indicated a sizeable reduction in anxious symptoms from Time 1 to Time 3. Examination of the program determinants revealed significant changes in those that participated in the program compared to the comparison group that did not.

Conclusion

The beneficial effects of the implementation of multilevel prevention programs in college students and the study limitations are discussed.

Introduction

Mindfulness is defined as a state of awareness which arises when intentionally directing one's attention in a non-judgmental way to the present moment. It has been shown to lead to greater mental health.

Objective

The aim of this study was to document the long-term effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on mental health. Method. It comprised a longitudinal and a cross-sectional part. The longitudinal part was based on follow-up measures of MBSR participants (n = 126) who had completed questionnaires measuring levels of mindfulness and anxiety before the program (Time 1), directly after (Time 2), and were contacted more than two years after to complete complementary measures (Time 3). The cross-sectional part was based on a comparison between the former MBSR participants’ levels of mindfulness, cognitive fusion, anxiety and well-being and a control group who had not followed an MBSR program (n = 172).

Results

The results underlined significant long-term benefits on levels of mindfulness and anxiety in MBSR participants. The level of mindfulness and the current number of days of mindfulness practice per week predicted lower levels of anxiety among former MBSR participants. Furthermore, cognitive fusion, number of days of mindfulness practice per week, and current daily practice time predicted levels of well-being among former MBSR participants. The comparison between former MBSR participants and controls showed significant differences in terms of levels of mindfulness, anxiety, well-being, and cognitive fusion.

Conclusion

The results underline the potential of MBSR programs to increase mental health levels and protection factors sustainably.

Introduction

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common monogenic disease, and is characterised by extreme pain episodes. Despite available efficacious treatments, adherence rates are low leading to high hospitalisation rate.

Objective

Explore the relationship between hydroxyurea adherence among adults with SDC and illness perceptions.

Method

We performed a cross-sectional study among 211 adults with SCD and assessed illness perception, their adherence and their cognitions about their treatment.

Results

The adherence rate was very low, and patients reported misconceptions regarding SCD. The factor analysis of the illness perception dimensions revealed a two-factor model, accounting for 66.5% of the total variance. Based on the factor analysis, three clusters of participants were identified corresponding to three types of perceptions of SCD and different levels of adherence.

Conclusion

The combination of a low capacity to adapt to their illness (factor 1) with a strong negative experience of their health condition (factor 2) seems negatively link to the therapeutic adherence of adults with SCD.

Introduction

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reading difficulties that still generate teasing from peers in the classroom. Children's literature depicting characters with dyslexia may facilitate the understanding of this disorder, and thus promote the successful inclusion of concerned students in school.

Objective

The present study aims to analyze for the first time the image of dyslexia conveyed by French-language children's literature.

Method

A content analysis in light of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 was performed in 24 French-language books for children aged 3 to 12 years, in which one of the heroes has dyslexia.

Results

French-language children's books accurately describe dyslexia and the disorders and difficulties that may be associated with it. In addition, unlike the message conveyed by English-language books, the student-hero concerned is not held responsible for his or her disorder.

Conclusion

These books help to inform students about the impact of dyslexia on the lives of those affected. Their use could be considered in the framework of awareness-raising program in order to promote the school inclusion of students with dyslexia.

Introduction

A cross-level comparison of the Challenge-Hindrance Model of Stress (CHM) provides important theoretical insights into the preciseness of the model and the boundary conditions guiding it. Furthermore, knowing whether all individuals share the same within-person relationships (i.e., general law) provides further important insight into the accuracy of the CHM.

Objective

We thus examined whether results from the between- and within-person level are conceptually similar and converge, by testing homology across levels in significance, sign, and magnitude, and whether all individuals were characterized by the same within-person relationship referred to as a general law. Drawing from instrumentality theory, we also examined the role of goal value, goal expectancy, and goal attainment to explain the relationship between stress appraisals and on-task effort.

Method

In a diary study, we collected data from 108 students over 14 consecutive days while preparing for an exam (n = 1420 observations).

Results

A multilevel structural equation model revealed that homology was present only in less than 50% of the relationships examined, limiting the generalizability of the CHM. In addition, we found no general law for any of the associations, suggesting that students possibly are not characterized by the same relationship, further limiting the predictions of the CHM.

Conclusion

We conclude that the population-level results of the CHM might not apply to specific individuals and consideration should be given to refining the model.

The presence of a mental or physical illness prior to the pandemic, the perceived threat from COVID-19, resilience or emotional intelligence may influence the onset or increase of psychopathology during the COVID-19 lockdown. The aim was to assess predictors of psychopathology by comparing two statistical methodologies (one linear and one non-linear).

Method

A total of 802 Spanish participants (65.50% female) completed the questionnaires independently after signing informed consent. Psychopathology, perceived threat, resilience and emotional intelligence were assessed. Descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression models (HRM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were conducted.

Results

The data obtained through the HRM showed that the presence of a previous mental illness, low resilience and emotional clarity, high emotional attention and repair, and COVID-19 threat perception predicted 51% of the variance in psychopathology. Results obtained from QCA showed that different combinations of these variables explained 37% of high levels of psychopathology and 86% of low levels of psychopathology, highlighting how the presence of prior mental illness, high emotional clarity, high resilience, low emotional attention and low perceived COVID-19 threat play a key role in explaining psychopathology.

Conclusions

These aspects will help promote personal resources to buffer psychopathology in lockdown situations.

Introduction

The functional approach of depression states that depressed people try to avoid or escape from situations, objects or persons which are perceived as threatening, and that avoidance maintains and perpetuates depression. The Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS), first developed in English, has proved to be a useful instrument to understand the association between depression and avoidance.

Objective

The study (n = 493) examined the psychometric properties of its Portuguese version (CBAS-PT).

Method and results

A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original four-factor structure and found that CBAS-PT displayed good convergent and divergent validities.

Conclusion

Globally, results indicated that CBAS-PT is a reliable instrument to study depression and its association with avoidance in a Portuguese speaking population.

Introduction

Facebook is used for work, entertainment, and communication. However, there is potential for problematic or addictive use that can cause significant mental and physical health problems.

Objective

The Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ; Elphinston & Noller, 2011) is one of the most widely used measures of problematic Facebook use, but no previous study has validated this measure in a Polish population. The present study aimed to validate the Polish adaptation of the FIQ.

Method

The authors recruited five large samples of Polish Facebook users (n = 12,753; M_age = 21 years; 66% female) to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported its unidimensional factor structure (χ²_{(df = 19)} = 602.64, p < .001; RMSEA = .069, SRMR = .032, CFI = .962, TLI = .943).

Results

Item response theory showed that the adapted FIQ items had adequate discrimination and information levels. The Polish version of the FIQ showed good internal consistency and adequate construct validity.

Conclusion

Overall, the results suggest that the FIQ is a reliable and valid measure for use with a Polish population.

Introduction & Objectives

The aim of this paper is to present the process of developing and validating the Polish version of the Identity Distress Survey (IDS-PL).

Method

First, the back-translation method was adopted to develop the IDS-PL. Second, four studies were conducted with a total of 738 people (67.1% female; all Caucasian) aged 17 to 27 (M = 21.90, SD = 2.23) to: 1) investigate the internal structure (confirmatory factor analyses); 2) verify the reliability (internal and test–retest); and 3) establish the criterion validity of the IDS-PL.

Results

CFA allowed us to choose the best approach to calculating IDS-PL scores and revealed that data from the Polish sample are well fitted to the internal structure of the IDS. The internal and test-retest reliability of the IDS-PL was confirmed to be acceptable. Finally, the criterion validity of the IDS-PL was established by findings indicating that stronger identity distress was related to lower self-esteem, a lower presence of meaning in life, stronger anxiety and depressiveness, and higher ruminative exploration.

Discussion

Taken together, the IDS-PL may be considered a reliable measure of identity distress that can be used in studies concerning identity development in young people.

Background

Emotion regulation (ER) has become the target of multiple clinical interventions, given its transdiagnostic features. The goal of this study was to validate a French version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ, Berking & Znoj, 2008), which provides an overview of the ER skills described in the Adaptive Coping with Emotions model.

Method

This online study was comprised of different questionnaires designed to analyse the psychometric properties of the ERSQ in both French and Canadian non-clinical populations (n = 658).

Results

The nine subscales based on the nine factors show a satisfactory internal consistency. The scale also demonstrates good convergent validity and acceptable test-retest validity. The proposed nine-factor model shows an adequate fit to the data, with all approximate fit indices showing acceptable model fit.

Limitation

This online study can be associated with common limits of self-reported measures. Moreover, our results should be replicated in future studies, for example in clinical samples, to validate its discriminant capacity.

Conclusions

The French version of the ERSQ can be considered as a reliable instrument for assessing ER skills. Contrary to other related questionnaires, the ERSQ measures multiple dimensions considered as possible targets of psychological interventions.