Case Studies on Transport Policy最新文献_第4页

Dry ports research on African countries: a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis 非洲国家陆港研究：系统文献回顾与文献计量分析

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101694

F.J. van Zyl , Leila Goedhals-Gerber , Joubert van Eeden

Purpose

Research on dry ports has grown globally, yet systematic evidence on Africa remains fragmented across numerous journals, countries and a loosely connected author network. This fragmentation limits the development of an Africa-specific conceptualisation of dry ports and makes it difficult to compare experiences across regions. This article presents a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of dry port studies with an explicit African focus, consolidating dispersed evidence into a continent-centred synthesis.

Methods

Searches in Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, Engineering Village, ProQuest and Google Scholar identified 418 records. After applying predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, 70 publications (69 journal articles and one book chapter) were retained for analysis.

Results

The evidence base spans 51 journals and 27 African countries, with concentrations in Nigeria, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa and Kenya. Results show a marked post-2019 increase in African dry port studies but reveal a fragmented author network and dispersed publication outlets. Synthesis across the retained studies highlights three continent-specific features: (i) dry ports often respond to structural constraints including weak inland connectivity, customs/clearance frictions, and limited multimodal integration; (ii) governance and institutional arrangements—including concessioning, regulatory coherence and overlapping mandates—strongly determine performance; and (iii) corridor logistics and regional integration shape the siting and roles of inland terminals beyond seaport decongestion rationales.

Conclusions

The review contributes an Africa-centred consolidation of a previously fragmented field, clarifies where and why research attention clusters, and distils core themes that distinguish African dry ports from developed-economy trajectories, providing a baseline for comparative work and future inquiry. In so doing, the review advances theory on port–hinterland systems by foregrounding institutional and corridor-based dynamics. It offers policy-relevant insights for designing dry ports as instruments of regional integration rather than purely as seaport extensions.

关于干港的研究已经在全球范围内发展起来，然而关于非洲的系统证据仍然分散在许多期刊、国家和一个松散连接的作者网络中。这种碎片化限制了非洲陆地港概念的发展，并使比较各区域的经验变得困难。这篇文章提出了一个系统的文献综述和文献计量分析的干港研究与明确的非洲焦点，巩固分散的证据到一个以大陆为中心的综合。方法在Scopus、Web of Science、EBSCO Host、Engineering Village、ProQuest和b谷歌Scholar中检索到418条记录。在应用预定义的纳入/排除标准后，保留70篇出版物（69篇期刊文章和1本书章节）用于分析。结果该证据库涵盖51种期刊和27个非洲国家，主要集中在尼日利亚、埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚、南非和肯尼亚。结果显示，2019年后非洲干港研究显著增加，但作者网络分散，出版渠道分散。对留存研究的综合分析强调了三个特定大陆的特征：(i)陆港经常受到结构性限制，包括内陆连通性弱、海关/清关摩擦和有限的多式联运一体化；（ii）治理和制度安排——包括特许权、监管一致性和重叠任务——在很大程度上决定了绩效；(3)走廊物流和区域一体化塑造了内陆码头的选址和作用，超出了海港缓解拥堵的理由。该综述有助于以非洲为中心，整合以前分散的领域，澄清研究重点集中在哪里以及为什么集中，并提炼出将非洲干港与发达经济轨迹区分开来的核心主题，为比较工作和未来的调查提供基线。在此基础上，本文提出了基于制度和走廊的动态机制，从而推进了港口-腹地系统的理论研究。它为将陆港设计为区域一体化的工具而不仅仅是海港扩建提供了与政策相关的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of motorcycle rider behavior and attitudes in urban and rural environments: comparative study utilizing a motorcycle rider behavior questionnaire 城市与乡村环境中摩托车骑行者的行为与态度分析：使用摩托车骑行者行为问卷的比较研究

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101693

Duangdao Watthanaklang , Chinnakrit Banyong , Onanong Sangphong , Natthaporn Hantanong , Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao , Thanaphon Sakonphattharasorn , Thanapong Champahom

Road traffic fatalities in Thailand, especially among motorcyclists, continue to rise and now represent a major public health concern. This trend is linked to unsafe riding behaviors influenced by personal attitudes and environmental conditions, both of which play a critical role in determining accident outcomes. Riding in urban and rural environments can affect rider behaviors differently. In this study, structural equation modeling (SEM) with multigroup analysis was used to evaluate variations in motorcycle rider behavioral factors in urban versus rural settings. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Health Belief Model (HBM) were applied as theoretical frameworks. Data were collected from 800 participants in Nakhon Ratchasima Province (400 urban and 400 rural), who completed a standardized motorcycle rider behavior questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis identified three behavioral categories: traffic errors, control errors, and stunt behaviors. The multigroup SEM results showed notable structural differences between urban and rural models, suggesting the need for context-specific safety interventions. TPB variables, especially subjective norms and perceived behavioral control among urban riders, were most predictive in reducing risky behaviors. In contrast, the rural model was more strongly influenced by HBM variables, with perceived severity emerging as the strongest predictor of reduced traffic errors and stunt behaviors, as well as reductions in control errors. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring traffic safety interventions to the specific behavioral patterns exhibited in urban and rural contexts in order to reduce motorcycle-related risks.

泰国的道路交通死亡人数，特别是摩托车手的死亡人数继续上升，现已成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。这种趋势与受个人态度和环境条件影响的不安全骑行行为有关，这两者在决定事故结果方面都起着关键作用。在城市和农村环境中骑行对骑手行为的影响是不同的。本研究采用结构方程模型（SEM）和多组分析来评估城市和农村摩托车骑手行为因素的差异。以计划行为理论（TPB）和健康信念模型（HBM）为理论框架。数据收集自那空叻差玛省800名参与者（400名城市和400名农村），他们完成了标准化的摩托车骑手行为问卷。探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析确定了三种行为类型：交通错误、控制错误和特技行为。多组SEM结果显示城市和农村模型之间存在显著的结构差异，表明需要针对具体情况进行安全干预。TPB变量，特别是主观规范和城市乘客的感知行为控制，在减少危险行为方面最具预测性。相比之下，农村模型受HBM变量的影响更强烈，感知严重性成为交通错误和特技行为减少以及控制错误减少的最强预测因子。这些发现强调了根据城市和农村的具体行为模式量身定制交通安全干预措施的重要性，以减少与摩托车相关的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Air tourism as a driver of coastal and ferry transport demand in Greece: A quantitative assessment 航空旅游作为希腊沿海和轮渡运输需求的驱动因素：定量评估

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101688

Ioannis Sitzimis

This study examines the relationship between international air tourist arrivals and coastal and ferry passenger transport in Greece in 2010–2024. Coastal passenger transport refers to longer-distance island–mainland and inter-island services, while ferry passenger transport concerns short shuttle crossings. Using annual data, with an additional distinction between high and low season, we apply Pearson and Spearman correlations, ordinary least squares regression, and independent-samples t-tests. We find a strong and statistically significant positive association between international air tourist arrivals and coastal passenger traffic. Regression estimates indicate that an additional one million international air tourist arrivals is accompanied, on average, by about 0.30–0.35 million extra coastal passengers, with stronger effects in the high season. For ferry passenger transport, correlations are positive but regression coefficients are not statistically significant and the residuals show persistent autocorrelation, even after first-difference models, so these results are treated as descriptive only and not used for effect-size or policy claims. The t-tests indicate that coastal passenger volumes in high-arrival years are about 3.1–3.2 million higher than in low-arrival years, whereas differences in ferry traffic remain small and statistically insignificant. On this basis, we argue that international air arrivals play an important role in shaping demand for coastal shipping, particularly on longer routes and on services to islands without airports. We also outline how this relationship can be used in the coordination of flight and ship schedules, in the prioritisation of port and fleet investments, and in measures that aim to improve connectivity and support sustainable tourism development in Greece’s island regions.

本研究考察了2010-2024年希腊国际航空游客抵达与沿海和渡轮客运之间的关系。沿海客运是指较长距离的岛与大陆和岛与岛之间的服务，而轮渡客运是指短途穿梭过境。使用年度数据，在旺季和淡季之间进行额外区分，我们应用Pearson和Spearman相关性，普通最小二乘回归和独立样本t检验。我们发现，国际航空旅客抵达与沿海客运量之间存在显著的正相关关系。回归估计表明，每增加100万国际航空旅客，平均约有30万至35万沿海旅客，在旺季影响更大。对于轮渡客运，相关性是正的，但回归系数没有统计学意义，残差显示持续的自相关，即使在第一差分模型之后，因此这些结果仅被视为描述性的，而不用于效应大小或政策索赔。t检验表明，高到达年的沿海客运量比低到达年高出约310万至320万，而渡轮客运量的差异仍然很小，统计上不显著。在此基础上，我们认为，国际航空到达在形成对沿海航运的需求方面发挥着重要作用，特别是在较长的航线和到没有机场的岛屿的服务方面。我们还概述了如何利用这种关系协调航班和船舶时刻表，确定港口和船队投资的优先次序，并采取措施改善连通性，支持希腊岛屿地区旅游业的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Efficiency measurement and cluster analysis of urban bike-sharing systems under sustainable development: a multi-dimensional study of 20 Chinese cities 可持续发展下城市共享单车系统效率测度与聚类分析——基于中国20个城市的多维度研究

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101685

Yi Ding , Tong Ding

With the rapid expansion of bike-sharing systems worldwide, marked disparities exist in their operational efficiency and sustainability across regions. To explore these disparities and advance sustainable urban transportation, this study uses China’s bike-sharing market as the study context and develops a cross-city, multi-dimensional efficiency comparison framework. Seven indicators were selected from three dimensions—resource input, service quality, and social benefits—and a Data Envelopment Analysis model was employed to evaluate the overall efficiency of bike-sharing systems in 20 cities. The results reveal significant intercity differences, where some cities achieve a “low-input–high-efficiency” balance, while others exhibit a “high-input–low-output” structural imbalance. Furthermore, K-means clustering is employed to classify the cities into three groups, and the features of each cluster are analyzed in terms of overall efficiency, input level, and riding intensity. Finally, the influence of geographical factors was examined, and the findings indicate that latitude is positively correlated with efficiency but negatively correlated with bike density and bicycle lane density, thereby revealing a spatial gradient in system performance between northern and southern cities. The cross-city multidimensional evaluation framework established in this study provides experience and basis for enhancing the efficiency of bike-sharing systems and advancing differentiated urban transport governance.

随着共享单车系统在全球范围内的迅速扩张，其运营效率和可持续性在不同地区之间存在明显差异。本研究以中国共享单车市场为研究背景，构建了一个跨城市、多维度的效率比较框架，以探索这些差异，促进城市交通可持续发展。从资源投入、服务质量和社会效益三个维度中选取7个指标，采用数据包络分析模型对20个城市共享单车系统的整体效率进行了评价。结果表明，城市间存在显著差异，部分城市呈现“低投入-高效率”的结构失衡，部分城市呈现“高投入-低产出”的结构失衡。采用K-means聚类方法将城市划分为三类，并从整体效率、投入水平和骑行强度三个方面分析每一类城市的特征。结果表明，纬度与效率呈正相关，而与自行车密度和车道密度呈负相关，从而揭示了南北城市系统性能的空间梯度。本研究建立的跨城市多维评价框架为提升共享单车系统效率，推进城市交通差别化治理提供了经验和依据。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding supply chain operations in urban corridors: lessons from Bogotá 理解城市走廊中的供应链运作：来自波哥大<e:1>的经验教训

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101687

Carlos Rivera-Gonzalez , Luis Angel Guzman , Juan Esteban Sanchez , Angie Criado

Rapid urbanization rates and the growth of e-commerce have placed unprecedented pressures on urban freight systems in metropolitan areas. Examining the supply chain characteristics of establishments is essential to reveal their operational patterns and uncover potential commonalities. With this in mind, this research uses a data-driven framework to examine patterns in supply chain operations across establishments, alongside a corridor in Bogotá (Colombia), aiming to generate evidence-based insights for improving logistics practices. The analysis uses a two-stage statistical approach, drawing from 1,042 establishment surveys, and applies ANOVA and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference tests to uncover meaningful variations across corridor segments and industry sectors.

The results showed that loading and unloading activities take approximately 30 min, regardless of the corridor segment or industry sector. The results also showed that the industry sectors of beauty, healthcare, and entertainment in one specific corridor segment typically have larger in-store floorspace for keeping inventory, and attract more deliveries than the same establishment types in other parts of the corridor. These insights can be the foundation of evidence-based policies, such as dynamic allocation of curb spaces for freight parking purposes or establishing potential consolidation programs to reduce delivery frequency while increasing inventory levels. Overall, the research aims to show the applicability of a two-layer statistical analysis approach through Bogotá’s case study, showing how this method provides evidence-based insights for developing initiatives that foster sustainable urban freight practices.

快速的城市化率和电子商务的增长给大都市地区的城市货运系统带来了前所未有的压力。检查企业的供应链特征对于揭示其运营模式和发现潜在的共性至关重要。考虑到这一点，本研究使用数据驱动的框架来检查各机构的供应链运营模式，以及波哥大（哥伦比亚）的一条走廊，旨在为改善物流实践产生基于证据的见解。该分析采用两阶段统计方法，从1042个企业调查中提取数据，并应用方差分析和Tukey的诚实显著差异测试来揭示走廊分段和行业部门之间的有意义变化。结果表明，无论走廊段还是工业段，装卸活动都需要大约30分钟。调查结果还显示，美容、医疗和娱乐等行业在一个特定的走廊区域通常有更大的店内面积来存放库存，并且比走廊其他部分的相同机构类型吸引更多的送货。这些见解可以成为基于证据的政策的基础，例如动态分配用于货运停车的路边空间，或建立潜在的整合计划，以减少交付频率，同时增加库存水平。总体而言，本研究旨在通过波哥大的案例研究展示两层统计分析方法的适用性，展示该方法如何为制定促进可持续城市货运实践的举措提供基于证据的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Standardising bicycling infrastructure terminology: A Delphi study of Australian experts 自行车基础设施术语标准化：澳大利亚专家的德尔菲研究

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101682

Scott N. Lieske , Weichang Kong , Richard J. Buning , Dorina Pojani , Simone Z. Leao

In Australia and farther afield, there is an absence of ontology and great variation in terminology for bicycling infrastructure. Ambiguity and imprecision in bicycling infrastructure terminology inhibits communication, raises analytical challenges, restricts opportunities for comparisons across cities, and is a critical barrier to infrastructure provision as terminology ultimately determines what is built. This project presents steps toward the development of standardised bicycling infrastructure terminology in two major stages: 1) term identification from policy documents and, 2) term selection and weighting via a three round Delphi survey of expert input. Term identification found 113 terms that were used to describe 38 types of bicycling infrastructure. Through the Delphi survey an additional 13 types of infrastructure were added. Final Delphi survey results returned a single agreed upon term for 19 of 51 infrastructure types (37%). In addition, 25 of 51 infrastructure examples (49%) resulted in a highly rated term. This study provides governments, advocacy groups, academics, and private industry with a best practice guide to terminology for diverse types of cycling infrastructure.

在澳大利亚和更远的地方，自行车基础设施的术语缺乏本体论和很大的变化。自行车基础设施术语的歧义和不精确阻碍了交流，带来了分析挑战，限制了城市间比较的机会，并且是基础设施提供的关键障碍，因为术语最终决定了建设的内容。本项目在两个主要阶段提出了标准化自行车基础设施术语开发的步骤：1)从政策文件中确定术语，2)通过专家输入的三轮德尔菲调查选择和加权术语。术语识别发现113个术语用于描述38种类型的自行车基础设施。通过德尔菲调查，又增加了13种基础设施类型。最终的德尔福调查结果为51种基础设施类型中的19种（37%）提供了单一的商定期限。此外，51个基础设施案例中有25个（49%）获得了高评价。这项研究为政府、倡导团体、学术界和私营企业提供了各种类型的自行车基础设施术语的最佳实践指南。

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引用次数: 0

Demystifying complexities in the adoption of hydraulic-powered personal rapid transit systems: a multi-stakeholder perspective 揭开采用液压动力个人快速交通系统的复杂性：多方利益相关者的视角

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101683

Muhammad Usman Ghani , Zheng Yonglai , Ahsan Waqas , Omrane Benjeddou , Hamad R. Almujibah

The emergence of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) systems has provided a highly appealing solution to the challenges linked to urban mobility, including pollution, congestion, and access. Nevertheless, the global implementation of PRT systems is extremely limited, indicating a significant research void that must be elucidated by examining numerous factors and obstacles that influence the adopting such systems in urban environments. This study fills this void by employing a comprehensive multi-stakeholder approach—including a literature review and quantitative analysis to comprehend the complexities associated with PRT adoption. According to the findings, critical technological, environmental, economic, societal, and regulatory obstacles impede the implementation of PRT systems. Given the technological obstacles, integration with municipal infrastructure appeared to be the most critical factor, as indicated by the path coefficient value of 0.454, which significantly impacts adoption decisions. Additional important factors that fall within the purview of the path coefficient are economic and environmental considerations, which have respective path coefficients of 0.208 and 0.343. This is associated with a significant and tangible influence on the feasibility and reception of PRT systems. Stakeholders deemed the development of multifaceted planning and adaptive policy frameworks to emphasize the significance of regulatory support and public acceptability with path coefficients of 0.307 and 0.276, respectively. The study’s practical implications encompass urban planners, policymakers, and investors, particularly regarding utilizing collaborative strategies to surmount obstacles to adoption.

个人快速交通（PRT）系统的出现为城市交通带来的挑战提供了一个极具吸引力的解决方案，包括污染、拥堵和通道问题。然而，PRT系统的全球实施极为有限，这表明一个重大的研究空白，必须通过审查影响在城市环境中采用这种系统的众多因素和障碍来阐明。本研究通过采用全面的多利益相关者方法填补了这一空白，包括文献综述和定量分析，以理解与采用PRT相关的复杂性。根据调查结果，关键的技术、环境、经济、社会和监管障碍阻碍了PRT系统的实施。考虑到技术障碍，与市政基础设施的整合似乎是最关键的因素，路径系数值为0.454，显著影响采用决策。路径系数范围内的其他重要因素是经济和环境因素，其路径系数分别为0.208和0.343。这对PRT系统的可行性和接收产生了重大而切实的影响。利益相关者认为制定多方面的规划和适应性政策框架，以强调监管支持和公众可接受性的重要性，路径系数分别为0.307和0.276。该研究的实际意义包括城市规划者、政策制定者和投资者，特别是在利用合作战略克服采用障碍方面。

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引用次数: 0

How will electric, autonomous, and shared vehicles impact sustainable urban mobility? Professionals’ insights from Brazil 电动汽车、自动驾驶汽车和共享汽车将如何影响可持续的城市交通？巴西专业人士的见解

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101680

Anna Luíza Nobre Bezerra , Antônio Nélson Rodrigues da Silva

It was anticipated that the so-called “Mobility 4.0″ would introduce modifications to transport systems that could potentially influence mobility conditions provided by existing modes of transport. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how these changes will impact mobility in terms of its sustainability. This gap is particularly evident in countries such as Brazil, where this research was conducted. This study evaluated the prospective implications of selected mobility 4.0 developments (in particular, electric and autonomous vehicle technologies, and shared mobility) by examining 18 themes related to sustainable urban mobility. An online questionnaire was designed and distributed to professionals in the field. The questionnaire sought to categorize the most significant impacts within each theme using a 5-level Likert scale, ranging from very positive to very negative. Data analysis extracted from 320 valid responses provides empirical evidence that helps identify these technologies’ potential impacts on urban mobility’s sustainability. Depending on the theme, these impacts may be positive, negative, or neutral/undefined. It is noteworthy, for example, that electric vehicles and shared mobility have been evaluated very positively in relation to the theme Control of impacts on environment, which falls within the Environmental aspects domain. Overall, the level of knowledge demonstrated by the respondents did not significantly impact the results. However, when observed, this characteristic was notably marked among the respondents with advanced practical knowledge. Finally, in terms of policy recommendations, the outcomes suggest that policymakers must be prepared to constantly adapt policies based on changing technology, user behavior, and urban dynamics. Moreover, potential discrepancies in access to distinct socioeconomic groups are also a concern that must be addressed by policies, as these groups may have differing needs and expectations.

预计所谓的“机动性4.0″”将对运输系统进行修改，可能会影响现有运输方式提供的机动性条件。然而，目前尚不清楚这些变化将如何影响交通的可持续性。这一差距在巴西等国家尤其明显，巴西是进行这项研究的国家。本研究通过考察与可持续城市交通相关的18个主题，评估了选定的交通4.0发展（特别是电动和自动驾驶汽车技术，以及共享交通）的潜在影响。设计了一份在线问卷，并分发给该领域的专业人士。调查问卷试图使用5级李克特量表对每个主题中最重要的影响进行分类，范围从非常积极到非常消极。从320个有效回复中提取的数据分析提供了经验证据，有助于确定这些技术对城市交通可持续性的潜在影响。根据主题的不同，这些影响可能是积极的、消极的或中性的/未定义的。值得注意的是，例如，电动汽车和共享出行在环境影响控制主题方面得到了非常积极的评价，这属于环境方面的领域。总体而言，被调查者所展示的知识水平对结果没有显著影响。然而，当观察时，这一特征在具有高级实践知识的受访者中尤为明显。最后，在政策建议方面，研究结果表明，政策制定者必须做好准备，根据不断变化的技术、用户行为和城市动态不断调整政策。此外，在接触不同社会经济群体方面的潜在差异也是一个必须通过政策加以解决的问题，因为这些群体可能有不同的需求和期望。

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引用次数: 0

Regulators’ perceptions of flight crew fatigue management regulations in South Asia 南亚监管机构对机组人员疲劳管理规定的看法

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101686

Chanika D. Mannawaduge , Silvia Pignata , Siobhan Banks , Jillian Dorrian

Flight crew fatigue has been identified as a risk caused by various factors including duty start time, extended duty periods, circadian rhythm disruption, inadequate sleep and rest, workload and lack of in-flight rest facilities. This study extends Mannawaduge et al.’s (2025) application of the flight crew fatigue evaluation framework (FREF) to ascertain perceptions of civil aviation regulations in managing flight crew fatigue in the South Asian region. Semi-structured interviews with five South Asian civil aviation regulators were conducted via Zoom. Interview transcripts were examined using content analysis focusing on how key FREF factors/aspects were implemented in the regulations, the perceived adequacy of their regulations, and any future challenges and recommendations for fatigue management. The results provide valuable insights into each country’s method of managing fatigue (prescriptive/FRMS/combination) and the guidance of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in developing their regulations. Notably, participants acknowledged that some fatigue-related factors (flight time/flight duty period/duty period start time, workload, in-flight rest facilities, fatigue awareness /education, and fatigue reporting processes), were not always explicit in their regulations. Participants identified regulatory challenges in the costs of FRMS implementation, productivity-based salary structures of flight crew and the incorporation of sleep-related scientific factors identified by ICAO Doc 9966 (start time of flight time/flight duty period/duty period, sleep, workload, in-flight rest) into the regulations. Recommendations are provided to develop an effective fatigue management approach for South Asian countries.

机组人员疲劳已被确定为多种因素造成的风险，包括值班时间、值班时间延长、昼夜节律中断、睡眠和休息不足、工作量和缺乏飞行休息设施。本研究扩展了Mannawaduge等人（2025）对机组疲劳评估框架（FREF）的应用，以确定南亚地区民航法规对机组疲劳管理的看法。通过Zoom对五名南亚民航监管机构进行了半结构化访谈。访谈记录使用内容分析进行检查，重点是如何在法规中实施关键的FREF因素/方面，其法规的充分性，以及疲劳管理的任何未来挑战和建议。研究结果为每个国家管理疲劳的方法（规定/FRMS/组合）和欧盟航空安全局（EASA）制定法规的指导提供了有价值的见解。值得注意的是，与会者承认，一些与疲劳有关的因素（飞行时间/飞行值班期/值班期开始时间、工作量、机上休息设施、疲劳意识/教育和疲劳报告程序）在其规定中并不总是明确的。与会者确定了在实施FRMS的成本、以生产率为基础的飞行机组工资结构以及将国际民航组织第9966号文件确定的与睡眠有关的科学因素（飞行时间开始时间/飞行值班期/值班期、睡眠、工作量、飞行中休息）纳入条例方面的监管挑战。为南亚国家制定有效的疲劳管理办法提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

The rising vehicle counts and deteriorating air quality in Islamabad, Pakistan 巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡的机动车数量不断增加，空气质量不断恶化

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101684

Asif Hayat , Hifza Irfan , Hassan Shehzad , Sadia Haider , Muhammad Zaman

Rapid motorization in Pakistan has intensified air quality challenges, yet limited research has examined how vehicular growth contributes to environmental degradation and what institutional responses have emerged. This study investigates the linkages between rising vehicle numbers, weak regulatory enforcement and deteriorating air quality in Islamabad, Pakistan. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with officials from the Capital Development Authority, Environmental Protection Agency and Islamabad Transport Authority to explores institutional capacities, policy implementation gaps and emerging strategies such as public transport expansion and electric vehicle promotion. Twelve participants were selected through purposive sampling, and the collected data were analysed thematically using MAXQDA software. The findings reveal that rapid growth in private vehicle ownership, combined with poorly maintained fleets and the absence of systematic inspection regimes, has accelerated atmospheric emissions in the capital. Institutional inertia, resource scarcity and socio-economic justifications for tolerating old vehicles further exacerbate the problem. While initiatives such as the Bus Rapid Transit system and planned electric vehicle policies signal potential, their scale remains insufficient. The current study contributes to debates on urban air quality governance in the Global South by highlighting how weak institutional frameworks and competing development priorities undermine environmental sustainability. It calls for integrated policy reforms, investment in sustainable public transport and robust enforcement mechanisms to mitigate transport-related emissions.

巴基斯坦的快速机动化加剧了空气质量挑战，然而，关于车辆增长如何导致环境退化以及出现了哪些制度性应对措施的研究有限。本研究调查了巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡车辆数量增加、监管执法不力和空气质量恶化之间的联系。对首都发展局、环境保护局和伊斯兰堡交通管理局的官员进行了定性深入访谈，以探讨机构能力、政策实施差距和新兴战略，如公共交通扩张和电动汽车推广。通过有目的抽样，选取12名参与者，利用MAXQDA软件对收集到的数据进行专题分析。调查结果显示，私人汽车保有量的快速增长，加上保养不善的车队和缺乏系统的检查制度，加速了首都的大气排放。体制惰性、资源匮乏和容忍旧车的社会经济理由进一步加剧了这一问题。虽然快速公交系统和计划中的电动汽车政策等举措显示出潜力，但它们的规模仍然不够。目前的研究通过强调薄弱的制度框架和相互竞争的发展优先事项如何破坏环境的可持续性，为全球南方城市空气质量治理的辩论做出了贡献。它呼吁进行综合政策改革，投资可持续公共交通，并建立强有力的执法机制，以减少与交通相关的排放。

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