Case Studies on Transport Policy最新文献_第4页

Flight delay prediction using machine learning and explainable AI: a case study on Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka 利用机器学习和可解释的人工智能进行航班延误预测：以达卡Hazrat Shahjalal国际机场为例

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101663

Fariha Tasnim Chowdhury , Sayeed Ziarat Mahmud , Syed Mohtasib Mashruk , Ahanaf Tajwar Basunia , Khan Md Hasib , Mohammad Shafiul Alam

Continuous delay in flight is a major problem for the aviation community. It results in losses, schedule adjustments, and passengers dissatisfaction. While machine learning has been used to predict delays, most earlier research focuses only on accuracy and does not explain why delays happen. This study fills that gap by combining prediction models with explainable AI (XAI) at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (HSIA), Dhaka. We used flight and weather data from 2022 to create a complete dataset by cleaning data, creating new features, and combining information. We tested several models including KNN, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, AdaBoost, XGBoost and CatBoost. The results show that ensemble models did the best, with CatBoost and XGBoost reaching 95% accuracy. To make these models more understandable, we used the LIME method, which showed that weather and scheduling were the main factors influencing delays. This study uniquely applies explainable machine learning to predict flight delays in a developing country context, specifically at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Bangladesh. Most previous studies focused on countries like the UK, USA, Saudi Arabia, or China etc. By providing accurate predictions along with clear explanations, the results show how airlines and airport authorities can improve scheduling, better use resources, and meet international delay standards. This can help enhance passenger satisfaction and strengthen airport resilience.

航班持续延误是航空界的一个大问题。这导致了损失、时刻表调整和乘客不满。虽然机器学习已被用于预测延迟，但大多数早期研究只关注准确性，并没有解释延迟发生的原因。这项研究通过将达卡Hazrat Shahjalal国际机场（HSIA）的预测模型与可解释的人工智能（XAI）相结合，填补了这一空白。我们使用2022年以来的航班和天气数据，通过清理数据、创建新特征和组合信息，创建了一个完整的数据集。我们测试了几种模型，包括KNN、支持向量机、决策树、随机森林、AdaBoost、XGBoost和CatBoost。结果表明，集成模型表现最好，CatBoost和XGBoost的准确率达到95%。为了使这些模型更容易理解，我们使用了LIME方法，结果表明天气和调度是影响延误的主要因素。这项研究独特地应用了可解释的机器学习来预测发展中国家的航班延误，特别是在孟加拉国的Hazrat Shahjalal国际机场。以前的研究大多集中在英国、美国、沙特阿拉伯或中国等国家。通过提供准确的预测和明确的解释，结果显示航空公司和机场当局如何改进调度，更好地利用资源，并达到国际延误标准。这有助于提高乘客满意度和增强机场的应变能力。

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引用次数: 0

Desirable bikeways from the perspective of perceived safety using the ‘Hiyari Hatto Map’ in Japan 从感知安全的角度来看，使用日本的“Hiyari Hatto地图”的理想自行车道

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101665

Kotaro Tsuchiya , Ryo Ariyoshi

Infrastructure for cyclists has been globally developed to reduce carbon footprints. However, though the total number of traffic accident records has decreased annually, the number of bicycle accidents has not decreased as much, and there is a need to develop safer bikeways. This study aimed to propose the desirable bikeway by comparing the perceived safety towards each type of bikeway, such as bike lanes, cycle tracks, shared bikeways with pedestrians and motor vehicles, using near-accident data, known as the “Hiyari Hatto Map”, made in 2021 in Japan. This study also analysed the likelihood and the severity of perceived safety from cyclists’ and pedestrians’ perspectives. In conclusion, regarding perceived safety, cycle tracks were superior to bike lanes for wide roads with high traffic volume and fast traffic speed. As conversion from bike lanes to cycle tracks is possible but needs time and budget, strengthening enforcement of on-street parking and preventing cyclists from encroaching on the sidewalk would be required for bike lanes with a high frequency of near-accidents in the short term. For shared bikeways on narrow roads, a noticeable design to separate cyclists and motor traffic is desirable regardless of the road class.

为减少碳足迹，全球都在开发自行车基础设施。然而，尽管交通事故记录的总数每年都在减少，但自行车事故的数量并没有减少那么多，因此有必要开发更安全的自行车道。本研究旨在通过比较对每种类型的自行车道（如自行车道、自行车道、与行人和机动车共享的自行车道）的感知安全性，提出理想的自行车道，使用接近事故的数据，被称为日本2021年制作的“Hiyari Hatto地图”。本研究还从骑自行车者和行人的角度分析了感知安全的可能性和严重性。综上所述，在感知安全性方面，车道宽、车流量大、车速快的情况下，自行车道优于自行车道。从自行车道转变为自行车道是可行的，但需要时间和预算。短期内，对于频繁发生事故的自行车道，需要加强街边停车的执法，防止骑自行车的人侵占人行道。对于狭窄道路上的共享自行车道，无论道路类型如何，都需要一个明显的设计，将自行车和机动车分开。

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引用次数: 0

Climate risk analysis methodology for Brazilian road infrastructure impacted by wildfires 受野火影响的巴西道路基础设施气候风险分析方法

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101738

Victor Hugo Souza de Abreu , Adriano de Oliveira Vasconcelos , Wolfram Johannes Lange , Isadora Timbó de Paula Lopes , Luiza Maia de Castro , Cristiene Nascimento Ribeiro , Patrícia Fontinha de Alcantara , Andrea Souza Santos

This paper addresses the lack of practical and structured tools to support adaptation planning in the transport sector by developing a 14-Step Climate Risk Analysis methodology tailored to road infrastructure. The proposed framework supports decision-makers in prioritizing the road segments most at risk from climate change through a systematic comparison of baseline climatic conditions and projected future scenarios. This methodology is applied to the case of wildfires along roads in Brazil, the fifth largest country in the world with a developing economy. The results show that, in the base period, most Brazilian federal roads are at low climate risk from wildfires, with 31.9% of sections at medium risk, mainly in the interior of the Northeast and parts of the Midwest and North. Across future emissions scenarios and time horizons, low-risk sections progressively decrease while medium-risk sections expand, especially under SSP2-4.5 and intensifying under SSP5-8.5. In the worst-case scenario, nearly half of the federal road network reaches at least medium risk, with high-risk segments becoming more spatially extensive, underscoring the need for proactive adaptation planning, targeted risk-informed maintenance, and the integration of wildfire risk into transport policy and long-term infrastructure management strategies.

本文通过开发针对道路基础设施的14步气候风险分析方法，解决了缺乏实用和结构化工具来支持交通部门适应规划的问题。拟议的框架通过对基线气候条件和预测的未来情景进行系统比较，支持决策者优先考虑受气候变化影响最大的路段。这一方法适用于巴西道路沿线的野火，巴西是世界上第五大发展中经济体。结果表明，在基期，巴西大部分联邦公路的野火气候风险较低，31.9%的路段处于中等风险，主要集中在东北部内陆以及中西部和北部的部分地区。在未来的排放情景和时间范围内，低风险区域逐渐减少，而中等风险区域扩大，特别是在SSP2-4.5下，在SSP5-8.5下加剧。在最坏的情况下，近一半的联邦道路网络达到至少中等风险，高风险路段在空间上变得更加广泛，这强调了积极的适应规划、有针对性的风险知情维护以及将野火风险纳入运输政策和长期基础设施管理战略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Small-scale public transport for social capital building – The case of ‘green slow mobility’ in Japan 社会资本建设的小规模公共交通——以日本的“绿色慢行”为例

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101721

Ziyi Qin , Mayo Mieno , Eri Nakamura , Kiyohito Utsunomiya

This study employs a case study approach to explore the link between public transport and social capital with a specific focus on a type of micro-transit system known as ‘green slow mobility’ (GSM) in Japan. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the introduction of the GSM in an urban residential area of Chiba City to examine whether its implementation of GSM contributed to social capital building. GSM users reported higher scores than non-users regarding sense of community, mutual help, trust, and close neighbourhood relations, indicating a positive correlation between GSM and social capital building. Additionally, we found that residents engaged in GSM management, operations, and promotion also reported higher social capital indicator scores than non-participants. These results suggest that GSM can foster social capital by encouraging resident engagement and facilitating communication. The findings provide policy implications not only for addressing the diverse transport mobility needs arising from an aging society but also for developing practical approaches towards an inclusive society by enhancing social capital accumulation.

本研究采用案例研究的方法来探讨公共交通与社会资本之间的联系，并特别关注日本的一种被称为“绿色慢速移动”（GSM）的微型交通系统。本研究在千叶市某城市住区引入GSM前后进行问卷调查，考察其实施GSM是否有助于社会资本的建立。GSM用户在社区意识、互助、信任和亲密邻里关系方面的得分高于非GSM用户，表明GSM与社会资本建设呈正相关。此外，我们发现从事GSM管理、运营和推广的居民的社会资本指标得分也高于非参与者。这些结果表明，GSM可以通过鼓励居民参与和促进沟通来培育社会资本。研究结果不仅为解决老龄化社会产生的各种交通运输需求提供了政策启示，而且为通过加强社会资本积累制定实现包容性社会的实际方法提供了政策启示。

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引用次数: 0

Pardon me but your e-scooter is in my space: Evaluating the effectiveness of e-scooters parking policies through big data analytics 不好意思，你的电动滑板车占用了我的空间：通过大数据分析评估电动滑板车停车政策的有效性

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101707

Sharon Shoshany-Tavory, Hillel Bar-Gera

The growing popularity of shared e-scooters promises to enhance the mobility of urban dwellers in an environmentally friendly manner. On the other hand, e-scooters may potentially pose a risk to other road users, particularly pedestrians, and improperly parked vehicles may hinder accessibility. Therefore, to advance the goals of sustainability and mobility, cities should consider how street space should be managed for all travelers. One policy for shared e-scooter parking control is to limit parking to designated corrals. Corral-based parking policies have been adopted by many municipalities, with limited reports on effectiveness. This study provides an in-depth exploration of such policy deployment, governing the highly utilized services offered in the city of Tel-Aviv. By using our suggested framework and big-data spatio-temporal analytics of e-scooters data, we outline success measures, common pitfalls, and demonstrate city-wide patterns and location-specific results. Our discussion offers policy improvement suggestions, addressing design and policies, including corral-centered monitoring, redistribution policy, resilience estimation, and better space utilization. These could benefit municipalities, operators, and monitoring tools suppliers.

共享电动滑板车的日益普及有望以一种环保的方式增强城市居民的流动性。另一方面，电动滑板车可能会对其他道路使用者，特别是行人构成潜在风险，而停放不当的车辆可能会妨碍无障碍。因此，为了推进可持续性和流动性的目标，城市应该考虑如何为所有旅行者管理街道空间。共享电动滑板车停车控制的一项政策是将停车限制在指定的畜栏内。许多市政当局都采用了基于畜栏的停车政策，但关于其有效性的报道有限。本研究对这种政策部署进行了深入探索，管理特拉维夫市提供的高度利用的服务。通过使用我们建议的框架和对电动滑板车数据的大数据时空分析，我们概述了成功的措施，常见的陷阱，并展示了全市范围内的模式和特定地点的结果。我们的讨论提供了政策改进建议，解决了设计和政策，包括以畜栏为中心的监测、再分配政策、弹性评估和更好的空间利用。这将使市政当局、运营商和监控工具供应商受益。

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引用次数: 0

Taiwan’s pilot organization and the path to reform 台湾的试点组织和改革路径

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101713

Wen-Ning Chang

Taiwan’s pilotage system plays a critical role in ensuring maritime safety, yet its regulatory framework contains significant institutional deficiencies. Although the Pilotage Law and the Regulations for Administering Pilots assign operational responsibilities to pilot offices, they lack clear provisions regarding the legal status, authority, and accountability of these entities. This ambiguity has resulted in weak oversight, reduced professional accountability, and barriers to effective regulatory reform. The undefined nature of pilot offices raises practical and legal concerns, particularly in areas such as performance supervision, internal governance, and legal liability. This article examines the structural and legal shortcomings of Taiwan’s pilotage governance by analyzing relevant legislation and administrative practices. It also draws comparative insights from five foreign pilotage systems (the United States, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and China) and three domestic professional associations (attorneys, CPAs, and physicians) to highlight viable institutional models. This research demonstrates the need for a statutory framework that clearly defines the legal identity and responsibilities of pilot offices. The article concludes by offering recommendations for reform that would strengthen institutional legitimacy, improve transparency, and align Taiwan’s pilotage system with contemporary standards in maritime governance.

台湾的引航制度在确保海上安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用，但其监管框架却存在着重大的制度缺陷。虽然《引航法》和《引航员管理条例》规定了引航员办公室的业务责任，但它们缺乏关于这些实体的法律地位、权力和责任的明确规定。这种模糊性导致了监管不力、专业问责制减少以及有效监管改革的障碍。试点办事处的不明确性质引起了实际和法律方面的关切，特别是在业绩监督、内部治理和法律责任等领域。本文通过对台湾引航治理相关立法和行政实践的分析，探讨台湾引航治理在结构和法律上的缺陷。本文还借鉴了五个外国引航制度（美国、日本、新加坡、英国和中国）和三个国内专业协会（律师、注册会计师和医生）的比较见解，以突出可行的制度模式。这项研究表明，需要一个法律框架，明确界定试点办事处的法律身份和责任。文章最后提出了改革建议，以加强制度的合法性，提高透明度，并使台湾的引航制度与当代海事治理标准保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Forecasting electric air taxi demand and modal shift for airport travel: a case study of northern Utah 预测机场出行的电动空中出租车需求和模式转变：以犹他州北部为例

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101716

Atul Subedi, Patrick A. Singleton

This study addressed key knowledge gaps by forecasting electric air taxi (EAT) demand for airport access—one of the earliest and most promising use cases for EAT deployment. Unlike prior EAT studies focused on short urban trips, this research analyzed a long-distance corridor in northern Utah, United States, where the substantial travel time savings make it a highly feasible setting for early adoption. Methods combined a revealed preference–stated preference (RP–SP) mixed logit model with observed origin–destination travel data. The first objective assessed mode shifts following the introduction of EAT service for airport trips. Results show EAT could divert approximately one-third of trips from private vehicles and ride-hailing, reducing corridor traffic by over 160 vehicles daily. This shift could reduce airport parking demand and tailpipe emissions, improving air quality. Forecasts also predict a modest decline in public transportation ridership from approximately 6% to 3%, potentially undermining bus service revenue and disproportionately impacting lower-income travelers. The second objective conducted sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of EAT demand to various factors. Findings revealed that in-vehicle travel time, travel cost, service frequency, autonomy, and the number of parking days significantly influenced mode shifts. EAT market share was projected to increase from 17% at a higher EAT travel cost of $4.50/mile (near-term) to 63% at a lower EAT travel cost of $0.50/mile (long-term). Vertiport expansion in the study area showed diminishing returns beyond one site, suggesting locations for priority deployment. These findings support evidence-based planning and equitable implementation of EAT services.

本研究通过预测机场通道对电动空中出租车（EAT）的需求，解决了关键的知识缺口，这是EAT部署最早和最有前途的用例之一。不同于以往的EAT研究侧重于短途城市旅行，本研究分析了美国犹他州北部的长途走廊，在那里节省了大量的旅行时间，使其成为早期采用的高度可行的环境。方法将显示偏好-陈述偏好（RP-SP）混合logit模型与观察到的出发地旅行数据相结合。第一个目标是评估在引入机场自助出行服务后的模式转变。研究结果显示，EAT可以将大约三分之一的出行从私家车和网约车中转移出来，每天减少160多辆走廊交通。这种转变可以减少机场停车需求和尾气排放，改善空气质量。预测还预测，公共交通客流量将从大约6%小幅下降至3%，这可能会削弱公交服务的收入，并对低收入旅客造成不成比例的影响。第二个目标进行敏感性分析，以评估EAT需求对各种因素的稳健性。结果显示，乘车时间、出行成本、服务频率、自主性和停车天数显著影响出行方式的转变。预计EAT的市场份额将从近期4.50美元/英里的高EAT旅行成本（17%）增加到长期0.50美元/英里的低EAT旅行成本（63%）。在研究区域内的垂直机场扩展显示出超出一个站点的收益递减，建议优先部署的位置。这些发现支持循证规划和公平实施EAT服务。

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引用次数: 0

Outsourcing strategies for pilotage and towage Operations: A grounded theory approach 引航和拖航业务的外包策略：基于理论的方法

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101691

Somayeh Moravej , Ismail Jafarpanah , Zoha Kazemi , Fatemeh Hesabi

Ports serve as critical gateways to global trade, and their efficiency directly affects national economic performance. Among core port operations, pilotage and towage services ensure safe and efficient vessel movements, forming essential components of maritime logistics. Given the growing complexity of port operations and the increasing role of private sector participation, outsourcing these services has become a strategic policy concern. This study aims to develop a context-specific framework for outsourcing pilotage and towage operations within the Iranian port system. Employing a qualitative grounded theory approach, fifteen in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of the Ports and Maritime Organization, private service providers, and shipping companies. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding using NVIVO software. The findings led to the development of a multi-layered paradigm model integrating causal, contextual, and intervening conditions that influence outsourcing strategies, including decisions on full versus partial outsourcing, regional versus cluster-based allocation, and non-profit versus for-profit contractors. The results indicate that successful outsourcing depends on aligning private sector maturity, regulatory clarity, and financial incentives with national maritime governance structures. The study contributes theoretically by extending outsourcing and port governance frameworks to the context of developing economies and practically by offering policymakers a structured decision-making model for evaluating alternative outsourcing strategies in pilotage and towage operations.

港口是全球贸易的重要门户，其效率直接影响到国家经济绩效。在核心港口业务中，引航和拖航服务确保船舶安全和高效移动，构成海上物流的重要组成部分。鉴于港口业务日益复杂和私营部门参与的作用日益增加，外包这些服务已成为一项战略政策问题。本研究旨在为伊朗港口系统内的引航和拖航业务外包制定一个具体的框架。采用定性的扎根理论方法，对港口和海事组织、私人服务提供商和航运公司的经理进行了15次深入的半结构化访谈。使用NVIVO软件通过开放、轴向和选择性编码对数据进行分析。这些发现导致了一个多层范式模型的发展，该模型整合了影响外包策略的因果关系、背景和干预条件，包括完全外包与部分外包的决策、区域外包与基于集群的分配、非营利性承包商与营利性承包商。结果表明，成功的外包取决于将私营部门的成熟度、监管透明度和财政激励与国家海事治理结构相结合。该研究在理论上的贡献在于将外包和港口治理框架扩展到发展中经济体的背景下，在实践上则为政策制定者提供了一个结构化的决策模型，用于评估引航和拖航操作中的替代外包策略。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking gridlock: how telecommuting and flexible working hours can mitigate urban congestion and air pollution 解除交通堵塞：远程办公和灵活的工作时间如何缓解城市拥堵和空气污染

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101699

Mahsa Aboutorabi Kashani , Amirhossein Baghestani , Mohammadhossein Abbasi , Meeghat Habibian , Amir Reza Mamdoohi

Introduction

Megacities in developing countries face severe traffic congestion and air pollution, exacerbated by high private car use for commuting. Travel demand management (TDM) policies like telecommuting and flexible working hours (flextime) offer potential relief. However, their integrated impacts on traffic, non-renewable energy consumption, and environment in such contexts are not well quantified. Therefore, this research contributes to the literature by modeling different adoption rates, informed by a stated preference (SP) survey in Tehran, and comparing the traffic, non-renewable energy consumption, and environmental effects for different scenarios.

Method

This study employs an integrated framework for Tehran, Iran. First, an SP survey of 1,413 employees informed realistic adoption rates. These rates were then used to develop policy scenarios which were modeled in the Tehran Comprehensive Transportation Model (TCTM) to assess changes in morning peak travel demand. Impacts were evaluated across traffic performance, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions.

Findings

A 20% telecommuting adoption scenario increases average network speed by 11.8%, reduces travel time by 17.2%, and cuts gasoline and diesel consumption and carbon monoxide (CO) emission by 13.2%, 1.3%, and 14.3%, respectively. Besides, a 22% flextime adoption scenario outperforming 20% telecommuting by increasing speed by 15.0%, reducing travel time by 21.2%, and achieving greater reductions in gasoline and diesel consumption by 16.2% and 4.4% and CO emissions by 17.4%. Results offer evidence-based recommendations that can be used by policymakers and urban transportation planners in pursuit of sustainable transportation options in rapidly urbanizing cities.

发展中国家的大城市面临着严重的交通拥堵和空气污染，而私家车的大量使用加剧了这一问题。旅行需求管理（TDM）政策，如远程办公和弹性工作时间（flextime），提供了潜在的缓解。然而，在这种情况下，它们对交通、不可再生能源消费和环境的综合影响尚未得到很好的量化。因此，本研究通过在德黑兰进行的一项声明偏好（SP）调查，对不同的采用率进行建模，并比较不同情景下的交通、不可再生能源消耗和环境影响，从而为文献做出贡献。方法本研究采用伊朗德黑兰的综合框架。首先，SP对1413名员工进行了调查，得出了实际的采用率。然后，这些比率被用于制定政策方案，并在德黑兰综合交通模型（TCTM）中建模，以评估早高峰旅行需求的变化。对交通性能、燃料消耗和污染物排放的影响进行了评估。如果采用20%的远程办公，平均网络速度将提高11.8%，旅行时间将减少17.2%，汽油和柴油消耗以及一氧化碳（CO）排放将分别降低13.2%、1.3%和14.3%。此外，22%的弹性工作时间比20%的远程办公表现更好，速度提高15.0%，出行时间减少21.2%，汽油和柴油消耗分别减少16.2%和4.4%，二氧化碳排放量减少17.4%。研究结果为政策制定者和城市交通规划者在快速城市化的城市中寻求可持续的交通选择提供了基于证据的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Pedestrian flow features and LOS of the walkway: A case study on Dhaka and Chattogram Metropolitan City in Bangladesh 步行道的人流特征与LOS——以孟加拉国达卡和Chattogram都市为例

IF 3.3 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101659

Md.Imran Nazir, Mohei Menul Islam, Quazi Sazzad Hossain

More accidents occur in Bangladesh due to pedestrian errors and lack of walkway design. This study emphasized the pedestrian flow on walkways of the two most populated cities in Bangladesh: Dhaka and Chattogram. Age, gender, and group size-based mean walking speeds of 3733 and 2818 pedestrians in Dhaka and Chattogram, respectively, were determined using 12-hour video recording data from a total of six locations in these two cities. The connections between speed, density, flow, and area module of these pedestrians were analyzed by SPSS 11.5v, and the regression model was validated using the data collected from walkways near Bogura, Bangladesh. To describe the existing footpath conditions, the pedestrian level of service (PLOS) was estimated considering of 15-minute flow, calculated flow, and area occupancy. From the results, considering gender, males had a higher mean walking speed than female for all six selected walkways in Dhaka and Chattogram whereas in terms of age Dhaka’s younger pedestrian walked faster while for Chattogram it was middle-aged. In all walkways except Chittagong New Market, walkers in groups of 2 traveled at a faster speed. In this walkway, the middle-aged males of group size 4 walked faster than group size 2 because of the inadequate sample size (=8 Nos.) of group size 4. From the analysis of the relationships of pedestrian characteristics, the pedestrians of Dhaka walked fast and freely and had more maximum density, and flow as compared to Chattogram, where the minimum area module was the same. After the constructed model was validated, nearly all of the walkways exhibited PLOS A; however, after taking into account the 15-minute flow, Asad Avenue showed PLOS B. Furthermore, in Chittagong New Market, PLOS A, B, and C were obtained for 15-minute flow, calculated flow, and area occupancy, respectively.

由于行人的错误和缺乏人行道设计，孟加拉国发生了更多的事故。这项研究强调了孟加拉国两个人口最多的城市：达卡和查图拉姆的人行道上的行人流量。利用达卡和Chattogram的6个地点的12小时视频记录数据，分别确定了3733名和2818名行人的年龄、性别和基于群体规模的平均步行速度。利用SPSS 11.5v分析了这些行人的速度、密度、流量和面积模块之间的联系，并利用孟加拉国Bogura附近的人行道数据验证了回归模型。为了描述现有的人行道条件，考虑15分钟流量、计算流量和面积占用，估计了行人服务水平（PLOS）。从结果来看，考虑到性别，在达卡和Chattogram的所有六个选定的人行道上，男性的平均步行速度高于女性，而在年龄方面，达卡的年轻行人走得更快，而Chattogram则是中年人。在除吉大港新市场外的所有人行道上，2人一组的步行者速度更快。在这条步道中，由于第4组的样本量不足（=8 no），第4组的中年男性走得比第2组快。从行人特征的关系分析来看，与最小面积模块相同的Chattogram相比，Dhaka的行人行走速度快，行走自由，最大密度和流量更大。构建的模型经过验证后，几乎所有的走道都呈现出PLOS A；而考虑15分钟流量后，Asad Avenue为PLOS B，吉大港新市场15分钟流量、计算流量、占用面积分别为PLOS A、PLOS B、PLOS C。

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