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Application of cell phone data to monitor attendance during motor racing major event. The case of Formula One Gran Prix in Imola 应用手机数据监测赛车重大赛事期间的上座率。伊莫拉一级方程式大奖赛案例
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101287

The advent of connected devices, such as smartphones, has had a transformative impact on the landscape of recent years. Once privacy concerns have been addressed, data can be handled and analysed in a proficient manner to gain insights into patterns and movements, thereby influencing urban policies. It is likely that mobility and transport-related topics have been the subject of the most extensive investigation in the field of cell phone big data. While the topic of commuting patterns has been extensively researched by numerous authors, there is a paucity of literature on the monitoring of attendance during major motorsport events. Despite the predictability of crowding (tickets are sold in advance and the schedule is fixed and rigid), multiday motorsport events are disruptive in terms of traffic, overcrowding and uneasiness for hosting cities. This paper aims to address the aforementioned gap by presenting a case study of monitoring attendance during the Formula One Emilia-Romagna and Made in Italy Grand Prix, held in Imola, Italy, from 22nd to 24th April 2022. The results demonstrated the potential of data to inform the prediction of mobility choices and the planning of appropriate mobility-related policies, with the aim of reducing the impact of future events. This represents a significant challenge for public administrations and stakeholders.

近年来,智能手机等联网设备的出现对城市面貌产生了变革性影响。一旦隐私问题得到解决,就可以对数据进行熟练的处理和分析,深入了解其模式和移动情况,从而对城市政策产生影响。在手机大数据领域,与流动性和交通相关的主题很可能是最广泛的调查对象。虽然许多作者对通勤模式这一主题进行了广泛研究,但有关大型赛车活动期间观众人数监测的文献却很少。尽管人流具有可预测性(门票提前售出,赛程固定且严格),但多日赛车活动在交通、过度拥挤和令主办城市不安等方面具有破坏性。本文旨在通过对 2022 年 4 月 22 日至 24 日在意大利伊莫拉举行的一级方程式艾米利亚-罗马涅和意大利制造大奖赛期间观众人数的监测案例研究,填补上述空白。研究结果表明,数据可以为预测交通选择和规划适当的交通相关政策提供信息,从而减少未来赛事的影响。这对公共管理部门和利益相关者来说是一项重大挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental and economic potential of high-capacity trucks 大容量卡车的环境和经济潜力
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101284

High-capacity trucks (HCTs) are vehicles that are heavier or larger than normally allowed and are used as a means of increasing the efficiency of road freight transport and reducing emissions. The present research analyses the economic and environmental efficiency of HCTs by comparing them with normal semitrailers. Survey-based estimates on cost structure, fuel consumption, load factor and empty running of semitrailers, road trains and HCT combinations currently operating in Finland have been used to calculate whether HCTs improve the cost competitiveness and reduce the emissions of road transport. The results indicate that HCTs have a 42% emission reduction potential in mass-based transport and a 38% potential in volume-based transport compared to normal semitrailers.

大运量卡车(HCT)是指比正常允许运量更重或更大的车辆,是提高公路货运效率和减少排放的一种手段。本研究通过将高运量卡车与普通半挂车进行比较,分析了高运量卡车的经济和环境效益。通过对目前在芬兰运营的半挂车、公路列车和 HCT 组合的成本结构、燃料消耗、装载率和空载运行情况进行调查估算,计算出 HCT 是否提高了公路运输的成本竞争力并减少了排放。结果表明,与普通半挂车相比,HCT 在以质量为基础的运输中具有 42% 的减排潜力,在以体积为基础的运输中具有 38% 的减排潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing wholesale market development strategies for decongesting city centre considering retailers’ procurement choices 考虑零售商的采购选择,分析疏解市中心批发市场的发展战略
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101278

This research is aimed at developing a method for relocating wholesale markets in a city with the objective of decongesting the central area by improving the traffic efficiency and to make it pollution free. This paper proposes a bi-level optimisation framework pursuing the local authority’s objective of maximising welfare benefits relative to the spend ensuring good value for money at the upper level. The lower-level framework considers retailers’ response to the relocation of wholesale markets allowing them the choice of procurement location. The lower-level problem also models the route choice of commercial vehicle traffic as well as the private vehicle traffic to measure the resulting on-street congestion. The bi-level problem has been solved with integer Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithm for the case of Bandung, Indonesia. The results show that relocating wholesale markets improves the city centre traffic efficiency and pollution level by about 14%. Traffic speeds over the entire city also improve by up to 6.6% and the pollution levels marginally would drop too. Market relocation as a strategy would significantly improve the efficiency and pollution levels but must be carefully planned and evaluated otherwise the emissions outside of city centre could increase.

本研究旨在开发一种迁移城市批发市场的方法,目的是通过提高交通效率来缓解中心区域的拥挤状况,并使其成为无污染区域。本文提出了一个双层优化框架,在上层追求地方当局的目标,即相对于确保物有所值的支出,实现福利效益最大化。下层框架考虑了零售商对批发市场搬迁的反应,允许他们选择采购地点。下层问题还模拟了商用车辆和私家车辆的路线选择,以衡量由此造成的街道拥堵。针对印度尼西亚万隆的情况,采用整数粒子群优化算法解决了这个双层问题。结果显示,搬迁批发市场可将市中心的交通效率和污染水平提高约 14%。整个城市的交通速度也提高了 6.6%,污染水平也略有下降。作为一项战略,市场搬迁将显著提高效率和污染水平,但必须进行仔细规划和评估,否则市中心以外的排放量可能会增加。
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引用次数: 0
The application of direct ridership models in the evaluation of the expansion of the Porto Light Rail Transit 直接乘客模型在波尔图轻轨扩建评估中的应用
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101282

The main purpose of this paper is to show how a direct demand ride model coupled with a transfer model was able to support the choice of alternative routes for the expansion of the light rail system serving the Porto Metropolitan Area. After an overview of the literature on direct ridership models, emphasizing some key issues such as the need for a systematic assessment of their forecasting performance, the issues related to the definition of the pedestrian catchment area and the limitations of the simultaneous consideration of demand and supply effects, the paper moves into the case study, providing some background information on current occupation densities, land uses and mobility patterns, as well as on the performance of the existing LRT in the Metropolitan Area of Porto. The development of the direct ridership model, measuring the potential attractiveness of each station, and the transfer model, measuring the number of transfers at each station, are presented in detail. A justification is provided why, in this case, a two-step modelling approach was necessary. Further details about the statistical tests for model validation are also provided. After a brief characterization of the alternative routes under analysis for the expansion of the network, the modelling results are presented enabling a comparative assessment of the potential performance of each proposed route. The paper ends with a discussion of the relevance of this modelling results vis a vis the actual final decisions on investment priorities taken jointly by the Metropolitan Council and the Metro Company.

本文的主要目的是说明直接乘客需求模型如何与换乘模型相结合,为波尔图都会区轻轨系统扩建的替代路线选择提供支持。本文概述了有关直达乘客模型的文献,强调了一些关键问题,如对其预测性能进行系统评估的必要性、与行人集聚区定义相关的问题以及同时考虑需求和供给效应的局限性,然后进入案例研究,提供了一些有关当前职业密度、土地使用和流动模式的背景信息,以及波尔图大都会区现有轻轨的性能。详细介绍了直接乘客模型和换乘模型的开发情况,直接乘客模型用于衡量每个车站的潜在吸引力,换乘模型用于衡量每个车站的换乘次数。此外,还说明了为什么在这种情况下需要采用两步建模法。此外,还提供了模型验证统计测试的更多细节。在简要介绍了为扩建铁路网而分析的备选线路的特点之后,介绍了建模结果,以便对每条拟议线路的潜在性能进行比较评估。本文最后讨论了建模结果与大都会委员会和地铁公司共同做出的投资优先次序实际最终决定的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding shared bike usages toward metros with fewer physical road separations 了解共享单车在实际道路分隔较少的大都市的使用情况
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101281

Physical road separations are normally considered cyclist-friendly, but whether they are unfriendly to the combination of bike-share (BS) and metros is seldom investigated since they might affect the cycling’s flexibility and convenience to cross streets and reach the destination. Although integrating BS and metro is thought to mitigate traffic congestion, how traffic congestion affects the usage of integration remains unknown. This study, conducted in Suzhou, China, examines new factors (road separation and traffic congestion) alongside well-studied factors influencing BS and metro integration. The survey revealed increased BS usage frequency after a new metro’s opening. Variables such as road separations, traffic congestion information, road network density, and proximity to metros are considered. They are processed in a selected area considering cyclable network and Thiessen Polygon corresponding to the selected metro stations. An ordered probit model is established to investigate significant factors. It is found that as more columns of road separations exist, the cyclists are less likely to use BS towards metros, regardless of whether they are cycling weekends or weekdays. Interestingly, after the new metro opened and a new metro hub was formed, proximity to the new metro hub is associated with lower BS transfer demand. A higher congestion level promotes more cycling toward the metro system on weekdays as well as higher parking fees. This indicates that the combination of BS and metro could attract former motor vehicle users and this finding could be instructive for urban planners and road designers.

物理道路分隔通常被认为是对骑车人友好的,但它们是否对共享单车(BS)和地铁的结合不友好却很少被研究,因为它们可能会影响骑车人过街和到达目的地的灵活性和便利性。尽管人们认为将共享单车和地铁结合在一起可以缓解交通拥堵,但交通拥堵如何影响人们对两者结合的使用仍是个未知数。本研究在中国苏州进行,在研究影响公共自行车和地铁整合的因素的同时,还研究了新的因素(道路分隔和交通拥堵)。调查显示,新地铁开通后,BS 使用频率增加。研究考虑了道路分隔、交通拥堵信息、路网密度以及与地铁的距离等变量。考虑到可循环网络和与选定地铁站相对应的 Thiessen 多边形,在选定区域内对这些变量进行了处理。建立了一个有序 probit 模型来研究重要因素。研究发现,随着道路分隔列数的增加,无论周末还是工作日,骑车人都不太可能使用 BS 通往地铁。有趣的是,在新地铁开通并形成新的地铁枢纽后,靠近新地铁枢纽与较低的 BS 换乘需求相关。较高的拥堵水平会促进更多的人在工作日骑车前往地铁系统,同时也会提高停车费用。这表明,BS 和地铁的结合可以吸引以前的机动车用户,这一发现对城市规划者和道路设计者具有指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of the effect of transportation system accessibility on residential real estate prices: The case of Washington metropolitan area, USA 交通系统可达性对住宅房地产价格影响的建模:美国华盛顿大都会区案例
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101277

Deep learning accurate predictions of house prices are essential for prospective homeowners, investors, appraisers, and insurers. However, some studies lack accuracy as they overlook critical factors like accessibility and economic attributes that influence house prices. This paper aims to predict house prices by considering structural, locational, accessibility, and economic attributes, while also exploring the effect of accessibility on housing prices. The dataset contains 2,019,663 real estate transaction records from 1975 to 2018 in the Washington metropolitan area, obtained from the Zillow website. In this study, the accessibility index is calculated using Distance, Cumulative Opportunities, and Gravity measures, with the gravity measure surpassing others due to its consideration of both land use and transportation aspects. Economic attributes are then utilized to predict the average monthly house price using deep learning algorithms such as LSTM, GRU, and Simple RNN, with the Simple RNN demonstrating superior performance. Following the amalgamation of structural and locational attributes with the accessibility index and average house prices, various machine learning algorithms—including Linear Regression, Lasso, Ridge, Random Forest, GBM, LightGBM, XGBoost, Decision Tree, AdaBoost, Artificial Neural Network, and Stacked Generalization—are employed for prediction. Subsequent evaluation reveals that Stacked Generalization (ANN + LightGBM) provides the best performance, with an R-squared value of 0.96 and RMSE of $23,290. Moreover, this paper identifies accessibility index thresholds (80,003 for large buildings and 160,103 for small buildings) and demonstrates that a higher accessibility index leads to lower housing prices, attributed to noise pollution, decreased privacy, and increased supply responses.

深度学习对房价的准确预测对于未来的房主、投资者、评估师和保险公司来说至关重要。然而,一些研究由于忽略了影响房价的交通便利性和经济属性等关键因素,因而缺乏准确性。本文旨在通过考虑结构、位置、可达性和经济属性来预测房价,同时探索可达性对房价的影响。数据集包含 1975 年至 2018 年华盛顿大都会地区的 2,019,663 条房地产交易记录,这些记录来自 Zillow 网站。在本研究中,使用距离、累积机会和重力测量法计算可达性指数,其中重力测量法由于同时考虑了土地使用和交通方面的因素而优于其他测量法。然后利用经济属性,使用 LSTM、GRU 和 Simple RNN 等深度学习算法预测月平均房价,其中 Simple RNN 的性能更优。将结构和位置属性与可达性指数和平均房价合并后,采用了各种机器学习算法(包括线性回归、Lasso、Ridge、随机森林、GBM、LightGBM、XGBoost、决策树、AdaBoost、人工神经网络和堆叠泛化)进行预测。随后的评估显示,堆叠泛化(ANN + LightGBM)的性能最佳,R 方值为 0.96,RMSE 为 23,290 美元。此外,本文还确定了可达性指数阈值(大型建筑为 80 003,小型建筑为 160 103),并证明可达性指数越高,房价越低,这归因于噪音污染、隐私减少和供应增加。
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引用次数: 0
The perceived usability of vehicle sharing mobile application: An integration of UTAUT, pro-environmental behavior, and system usability scale 车辆共享移动应用程序的可用性感知:UTAUT、亲环境行为和系统可用性量表的整合
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101276

Vehicle sharing is one of the most innovative ways to transport business and management. The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting the perceived usability of vehicle-sharing mobile applications by integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), pro-environmental behavior (PEB), and system usability scale (SUS). 206 Taiwanese filled out an online questionnaire with 65 questions which was shared using a convenience sampling approach. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation showed that perceived usability was found to be significantly influenced by price value, environmental concern, authority support, behavioral intention, and actual use. Interestingly, authority support was found to have the highest significant indirect effect on perceived usability, indicating that vehicle-sharing mobile applications must be supported by the national government in order for people to consistently use them. This study is one of the first studies that analyzed vehicle sharing, particularly the mobile application. The findings of this study may be used as a guideline or strategy for the national government to reduce environmental risks caused by thousands of vehicles in the country, for vehicle-sharing companies to further boost their profit, and for other investors who intend on utilizing mobile applications for their market.

车辆共享是运输业务和管理中最具创新性的方式之一。本研究旨在通过整合技术接受和使用统一理论(UTAUT)、亲环境行为(PEB)和系统可用性量表(SUS),确定影响车辆共享移动应用可用性感知的因素。206 名台湾人填写了一份在线问卷,其中包括 65 个问题,问卷采用便利抽样法进行分享。偏最小二乘法-结构方程显示,价格价值、环境关注、权威支持、行为意向和实际使用对感知可用性有显著影响。有趣的是,权威支持对感知可用性的间接影响最大,这表明车辆共享移动应用程序必须得到国家政府的支持,人们才能持续使用。本研究是对车辆共享,尤其是移动应用程序进行分析的首批研究之一。本研究的结果可作为国家政府的指导方针或战略,以减少国内成千上万辆汽车造成的环境风险;也可作为车辆共享公司的指导方针或战略,以进一步提高其利润;还可作为其他有意利用移动应用程序开拓市场的投资者的指导方针或战略。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring parental decision-making in school commutes: A structural equation model of public transport utilization and child safety in Thailand 探索家长在上下学途中的决策:泰国公共交通使用与儿童安全的结构方程模型
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101275

Concern is growing regarding the increasing use of private car in many developing countries, including Thailand. Car usage is rising in Thailand in part because the public transit system is inadequate and unreliable, especially in rural and suburban communities. Often, children’s route to school is unsafe due to the increasing number of cars around the school. This prompts parents to worry about their child’s safety when in transit. The model of travel by public transportation is an alternative for reducing road congestion and improving children’s safety. This study seeks to better understand the factors that influencing parents’ decisions regarding the use of public transportation for their children’s school commutes. Data were gathered through a questionnaire from a sample of 750 parents with children between the ages of 6 and 18 years in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The findings of the structural equation model analysis showed a relationship between service users’ loyalty and the components of satisfaction, trust, expectation, and perception of service quality. The outcomes derived in this study can serve as practical guidelines for public and private transportation system operators to improve service efficiency, meet consumer demand, and foster positive interactions between service users and operators. In this way, this study can lead to important internal and external benefits for the continued development of the public transportation system and motivate more service users to transition to the use of public transportation.

包括泰国在内的许多发展中国家越来越多地使用私家车,人们对此日益关注。在泰国,汽车使用率上升的部分原因是公共交通系统不完善、不可靠,尤其是在农村和郊区社区。由于学校周围的汽车越来越多,孩子们上学的路线往往不安全。这让家长担心孩子在途中的安全。乘坐公共交通出行的模式是减少道路拥堵和改善儿童安全的另一种选择。本研究旨在更好地了解影响家长决定子女上下学乘坐公共交通的因素。本研究通过问卷调查的方式收集数据,样本为泰国呵叻府 750 名子女年龄在 6 至 18 岁之间的家长。结构方程模型分析结果表明,服务用户的忠诚度与满意度、信任度、期望值和服务质量感知之间存在关系。本研究得出的结果可作为公共和私营交通系统运营商提高服务效率、满足消费者需求以及促进服务用户与运营商之间良性互动的实用指南。因此,本研究可为公共交通系统的持续发展带来重要的内部和外部效益,并激励更多的服务用户转而使用公共交通。
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引用次数: 0
Child vulnerable road user crash injury severity 易受伤害的道路使用者儿童碰撞受伤严重程度
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101268

Road traffic crashes (RTC) are the main cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability for children globally as well as in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Although vehicle occupants usually account for the majority of children involved in RTC in developed countries and in the UAE, injuries sustained by child vulnerable road users (VRUs) are usually more severe due to their lack of protection compared to child occupants. Such injuries are known to result in long-term suffering for children including disabilities in some cases, thereby posing a severe public health burden and economic losses to the population. However, despite the severity of injuries to child VRUs involved in RTC, studies in the UAE have mostly focused on vehicle occupants for both children and adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dedicated study on child VRU RTC injuries in the UAE. Additionally, the UAE government is promoting an active transportation policy among children in a bid to curb childhood obesity. Hence, this study examined the factors contributing to RTC injury severity for child VRUs in the UAE. The results of this study will help in enhancing the safety outcomes of child VRU RTC injuries as well as providing policy recommendations for safe active transport among children in the country.

道路交通事故(RTC)是造成全球以及阿拉伯联合酋长国(UAE)儿童死亡、发病和残疾的主要原因。虽然在发达国家和阿联酋,卷入道路交通事故的儿童大多是乘车儿童,但与乘车儿童相比,易受伤害的道路使用者(VRU)儿童由于缺乏保护而受到的伤害通常更为严重。众所周知,这种伤害会给儿童带来长期的痛苦,在某些情况下还会导致残疾,从而给公众健康造成严重的负担和经济损失。然而,尽管涉及 RTC 的儿童 VRU 所受的伤害非常严重,但阿联酋的研究大多集中在儿童和成人的车辆乘员上。据我们所知,这是阿联酋首次对儿童 VRU RTC 伤害进行专门研究。此外,阿联酋政府正在儿童中推广积极的交通政策,以遏制儿童肥胖症。因此,本研究探讨了导致阿联酋儿童 VRU RTC 受伤严重程度的因素。本研究的结果将有助于提高儿童 VRU RTC 损伤的安全结果,并为该国儿童的安全主动交通提供政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Iranian airlines using network cross-efficiency DEA and the regret theory 利用网络交叉效率 DEA 和后悔理论对伊朗航空公司进行评估
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101266

Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) has been extensively applied to evaluate the air transportation sector. NDEA provides a tool for evaluating the internal processes of Decision-Making Units (DMUs). Optimistic Network Cross-Efficiency (ONCE) has recently been extended to the basic two-stage system. However, there are still two main shortcomings that need to be addressed. First, the ONCE evaluates DMUs based only on the optimistic viewpoint, neglecting the pessimistic viewpoint. The optimistic viewpoint assumes that there is only one set of reference points, which includes the best practice DMUs. The first contribution of this study is to develop a new Pessimistic Network Cross-Efficiency (PNCE) method. This method is based on a new set of reference points, which includes the worst-performing DMUs. The PNCE is developed as an extension of the ONCE. Second, both the ONCE and newly developed PNCE methods may lead to unrealistic results because they neglect the subjective preferences of Decision Makers (DMs). These NDEA models employ the Arithmetic Mean (AM) as the cross-evaluation aggregation method, which not only underestimates the importance of self-evaluation but also overestimates the importance of peer evaluations. Consequently, ONCE and PNCE may lead to biased efficiency results. To address this drawback, the second contribution of this study is to develop a new Aggregation method based on the Regret theory and Consensus (ARC). This method aims to reflect the psychological preferences of DMs when estimating cross-evaluation weights. To achieve this goal, we obtained new optimistic and pessimistic efficiencies by utilizing the newly developed ONCE-ARC and PNCE-ARC methods. Subsequently, a Double-Frontier Network Cross-Efficiency with ARC (DFNCE-ARC) is developed as a more comprehensive NDEA. Finally, a practical application is conducted to assess the performance of a set of Iranian airlines, demonstrating the usefulness and applicability of DFNCE-ARC.

网络数据包络分析法(NDEA)已被广泛应用于航空运输业的评估。NDEA 为评估决策单元(DMU)的内部流程提供了一种工具。优化网络交叉效率(ONCE)最近已扩展到基本的两阶段系统。然而,仍有两个主要缺陷需要解决。首先,ONCE 仅从乐观角度评估 DMU,忽略了悲观角度。乐观观点假定只有一组参考点,其中包括最佳实践 DMU。本研究的第一个贡献是开发了一种新的悲观网络交叉效率(PNCE)方法。该方法基于一组新的参考点,其中包括表现最差的 DMU。PNCE 是作为 ONCE 的扩展而开发的。其次,ONCE 和新开发的 PNCE 方法都可能导致不切实际的结果,因为它们忽视了决策者(DMs)的主观偏好。这些 NDEA 模型采用算术平均法(AM)作为交叉评价汇总方法,这不仅低估了自我评价的重要性,也高估了同行评价的重要性。因此,ONCE 和 PNCE 可能会导致效率结果出现偏差。针对这一缺陷,本研究的第二个贡献是开发了一种基于后悔理论和共识(ARC)的新聚合方法。该方法旨在估算交叉评估权重时反映 DM 的心理偏好。为实现这一目标,我们利用新开发的 ONCE-ARC 和 PNCE-ARC 方法获得了新的乐观和悲观效率。随后,作为一种更全面的 NDEA,我们开发了一种带 ARC 的双前沿网络交叉效率(DFNCE-ARC)。最后,对一组伊朗航空公司的性能进行了实际应用评估,证明了 DFNCE-ARC 的有用性和适用性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Case Studies on Transport Policy
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