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Assessing the ex-ante impacts of a low-emission zone on transport poverty and vulnerability with the VulMob indicator 利用 VulMob 指标评估低排放区对交通贫困和脆弱性的事前影响
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101308
Lola Blandin , Hélène Bouscasse , Sandrine Mathy
Numerous Low Emission Zones (LEZs) have been implemented across Europe to improve air quality and reduce car use. However, to date, the impact of LEZs has been widely perceived as regressive, since vehicles that meet the low emission requirements are more expensive than others. The literature assessing the impact of LEZs on vulnerable and poor households prior to their implementation is sparse, particularly if we take into account the diversity of households’ capacities to adapt according to their characteristics and mobility habits, beyond the sole solution of purchasing a LEZ-compatible vehicle. However, such assessments would make it possible to define accompanying policies to improve the social justice of the LEZs. In this article, we develop a methodology to evaluate the ex-ante impacts of a LEZ on vulnerable or poor households. First, we identify households affected by the LEZ. Second, the VulMob multidimensional indicator is used to identify, among affected households, households with low transport-affordability and highly vulnerable households according to their vulnerability profiles. Third, we assess the adaptive capacity in terms of modal shift options and considering the possibility to modify the destination. We apply this methodology to the Grenoble area (France), using the Local Household Travel Survey. The results show that not only are highly vulnerable households more affected by the LEZ than other households, but also that more of them are left with no alternative but to buy a LEZ-compliant car. Nevertheless, modal shift seems an adaptation solution with great potential for all households. This could improve the environmental and health performance of LEZs. This work can guide decision-makers in the definition of preventive and compensatory policies, considering the profiles of transport vulnerability and the specificities of the territory.
为了改善空气质量和减少汽车使用,欧洲各地实施了许多低排放区(LEZs)。然而,迄今为止,人们普遍认为低排放区的影响是累退的,因为符合低排放要求的车辆比其他车辆更昂贵。在低排放区实施之前,评估其对弱势和贫困家庭影响的文献很少,特别是如果我们考虑到家庭根据其特点和流动习惯进行调整的能力的多样性,而不仅仅是购买低排放区兼容车辆的唯一解决方案。然而,这种评估将使我们有可能制定配套政策,以提高低排放区的社会公正性。在本文中,我们开发了一种方法来评估低排放区对弱势或贫困家庭的事前影响。首先,我们确定受低气压区影响的家庭。其次,利用 VulMob 多维指标,根据受影响家庭的脆弱性特征,在这些家庭中识别出交通负担能力低的家庭和高度脆弱的家庭。第三,我们从模式转换选择和考虑改变目的地的可能性两个方面来评估适应能力。我们将这一方法应用于格勒诺布尔地区(法国),并使用了当地家庭出行调查。结果表明,与其他家庭相比,高度弱势家庭不仅受到低排放区的影响更大,而且其中更多的家庭别无选择,只能购买符合低排放区标准的汽车。然而,对于所有家庭来说,换乘似乎是一种具有巨大潜力的适应解决方案。这可以改善低排放区的环境和健康表现。这项工作可以指导决策者制定预防性和补偿性政策,同时考虑到交通的脆弱性和地区的特殊性。
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引用次数: 0
Policy interventions and urban characteristics in modeling electric vehicle charging infrastructure utilization 电动汽车充电基础设施利用模型中的政策干预和城市特征
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101309
Saeed Makaremi
The surge in electric vehicles adoption necessitates understanding the impact of policy interventions on public electric vehicle charging infrastructure in urban areas. This research investigates the influence of pricing frameworks on the usage of public charging facilities by analyzing both behavioral and spatial attributes of these infrastructures. Utilizing open data from Palo Alto, United States, this study employs descriptive statistical methods and interpretable machine learning approaches to scrutinize the relationship between policy initiatives and charging behaviors. The analysis underscores the significance of spatial attributes on charging behaviors. Policy interventions yield noticeable alterations in charging metrics, with locations near commercial hubs showing higher utilization, while local and frequent users resist fee adjustments. The research emphasizes the necessity for customized strategies to optimize infrastructure development and management, offering a framework for policymakers and stakeholders in sustainable urban transportation. Future research should explore similar interventions in diverse urban settings using real-time data and advanced optimization techniques to better tailor policies to the unique characteristics of specific facilities.
随着电动汽车采用率的激增,有必要了解政策干预对城市地区公共电动汽车充电基础设施的影响。本研究通过分析这些基础设施的行为和空间属性,调查定价框架对公共充电设施使用的影响。本研究利用美国帕洛阿尔托的开放数据,采用描述性统计方法和可解释的机器学习方法,仔细研究政策措施与充电行为之间的关系。分析强调了空间属性对充电行为的重要影响。政策干预使充电指标发生了明显变化,靠近商业中心的地点显示出更高的利用率,而本地用户和常客则抵制收费调整。这项研究强调了定制化战略优化基础设施开发和管理的必要性,为可持续城市交通领域的政策制定者和利益相关者提供了一个框架。未来的研究应利用实时数据和先进的优化技术,在不同的城市环境中探索类似的干预措施,以便更好地根据具体设施的独特性制定政策。
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引用次数: 0
When embracing gender equality endangers women: Experiences of public transport female conductors in Gweru Town, Zimbabwe 当拥抱性别平等危及妇女时:津巴布韦格韦鲁镇公共交通女售票员的经历
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101311
Moses Changa , Enock Ndawana
This article examines the experiences of female conductors in the public transport sector, particularly the parastatal, Zimbabwe United Passenger Company (ZUPCO) regarding gender equality and women empowerment using the case of Gweru town. It employs the concept of women empowerment as its analytical framework and is based on qualitative research methods involving in-depth interviews with 15 participants comprising female conductors and male drivers. The article argues that the implementation of gender equality policies in the public transport sector without addressing misogynistic attitudes driven by patriarchal norms endangers women rather than empowering them. It found that ZUPCO female conductors experienced humiliating informal initiation into the job, negative labelling, inability to reconcile work and family and sexual abuse and harassment, which undermined the noble goal of enhancing gender equality in the public transport sector. Regardless of these negative effects, female conductors also enjoyed some degree of empowerment through employment and monetary gain, which gave them economic independence. The article concludes that the negative outcomes of embracing gender equality through women’s employment in the public transport sector outweighed the benefits.
本文以格韦鲁镇为例,研究了公共运输部门,特别是半官方机构津巴布韦联合客运公司 (ZUPCO)的女售票员在性别平等和妇女赋权方面的经验。文章采用妇女赋权概念作为分析框架,并以定性研究方法为基础,对 15 名参与者(包括女售票员和男司机)进行了深入访谈。文章认为,在公共运输部门实施性别平等政策时,如果不解决由父权制规范驱动的厌女态度问题,就会危及妇女,而不是增强她们的权能。文章发现,ZUPCO 的女售票员经历了羞辱性的非正式入职、负面标签、无法兼顾工作和家庭以及性虐待和性骚扰,这些都破坏了在公共交通领域加强性别平等的崇高目标。尽管存在这些负面影响,但女售票员也通过就业和金钱收入在一定程度上获得了权力,从而实现了经济独立。文章的结论是,通过妇女在公共交通领域就业来实现性别平等的负面影响大于其带来的益处。
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引用次数: 0
A micro-network within the port for vessel anchorage selection decision support 港口内用于船舶锚地选择决策支持的微型网络
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101310
Jiale Xiang , Chunhui Zhou , Junnan Zhao , Myo Ko Ko Latt , Kunlong Wen , Langxiong Gan
Upon arrival at ports, selecting the appropriate anchorage is a critical concern shared by ship captains and port managers. This study aims to exploit the rich geographic and semantic information embedded in historical ship trajectory data to construct a micro-network of port elements and employ network analysis techniques to mine spatial service relationships among port elements, thereby establishing an Anchorage Selection Decision Support (ASDS) model. This process involves extracting vessels’ dwell location information within ports from trajectory data and using this information and its sequence to establish an Anchorages-Berths Micro-Network (ABMN) in port. By applying association rule mining techniques, this research reveals the spatial service relationships within the micro-network between anchorages and berths, and integrates relevant indicators to develop the ASDS model. The aim is to help pilots of approaching vessels in making more rational anchorage choices, thus optimizing the operational efficiency of vessels in ports. The effectiveness of this approach has been validated through experiments conducted in the research region at the Nanjing port of the Yangtze River. This research is significant for exploring the correlation between port anchorages and berths, as well as for selecting appropriate anchorages for vessels arriving at the port.
抵达港口后,选择合适的锚地是船长和港口管理者共同关心的重要问题。本研究旨在利用历史船舶轨迹数据中蕴含的丰富地理和语义信息,构建港口要素微观网络,并运用网络分析技术挖掘港口要素之间的空间服务关系,从而建立锚地选择决策支持(ASDS)模型。这一过程包括从轨迹数据中提取船舶在港口内的停留位置信息,并利用这些信息及其序列建立港口锚地-泊位微网络(ABMN)。通过应用关联规则挖掘技术,本研究揭示了锚地和泊位微网络内的空间服务关系,并整合了相关指标以开发 ASDS 模型。其目的是帮助进港船舶引航员更合理地选择锚地,从而优化船舶在港口的运营效率。该方法的有效性已通过在长江南京港研究区域进行的实验得到验证。这项研究对于探索港口锚地与泊位之间的相关性,以及为到港船舶选择合适的锚地具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Towards socially equitable public transport systems: The effect of COVID-19 on taxi trip behavior 实现社会公平的公共交通系统:COVID-19 对出租车出行行为的影响
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101305
Ilgin Gokasar , Ece Ozcan , Muhammet Deveci
The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a very influential occurrence with a profound impact on a global scale. The onset of the pandemic abruptly disrupted the regular course of everyday activities, primarily impacting urban regions. Hence, it is imperative to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on modern urban areas. This study seeks to analyze the effect of the pandemic on travel behavior by utilizing GPS data obtained from taxis, with a specific focus on spatial socioeconomic features. The M2 metro line in Istanbul has been selected for evaluation. In this analysis, four distinct periods are considered: total, off-peak, morning, and evening peaks. The stations are categorized using K-means clustering. The estimation models are constructed using ordinary least squares (OLS), spatial autoregression (SAR), and geographically weighted regression (GWR) techniques, which are applied to the variation in daily average cab trips and the characteristics of stations. The GWR models provide superior performance in comparison to the other two models, with notable distinctions observed in peak times, particularly morning peak when compared to total and off-peak counts. The findings indicate that factors such as population, population density, socioeconomic status, and the quantity of shopping malls are influential variables in elucidating and forecasting the fluctuations in taxi trip counts.
COVID-19 大流行是一次极具影响力的事件,在全球范围内产生了深远的影响。大流行病的爆发突然打乱了日常活动的正常进程,主要影响到城市地区。因此,了解 COVID-19 大流行对现代城市地区的影响势在必行。本研究试图利用从出租车上获取的 GPS 数据分析大流行病对出行行为的影响,并特别关注空间社会经济特征。伊斯坦布尔的 M2 地铁线被选作评估对象。在分析中,考虑了四个不同的时段:总高峰、非高峰、早高峰和晚高峰。车站采用 K 均值聚类法进行分类。利用普通最小二乘法(OLS)、空间自回归(SAR)和地理加权回归(GWR)技术构建了估算模型,并将其应用于日均出租车出行量的变化和车站的特征。与其他两种模型相比,地理加权回归模型具有更优越的性能,在高峰时段,特别是早高峰与总计数和非高峰计数相比,观察到明显的差异。研究结果表明,人口、人口密度、社会经济地位和购物中心数量等因素是阐明和预测出租车出行次数波动的影响变量。
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引用次数: 0
Preferable price to buy an electric two-wheeled vehicle for college students 大学生购买电动两轮车的优惠价格
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101307
Rong-Chang Jou , Tzu-Ying Chen , David Hensher
This research delves into the determinants affecting Taiwanese college students’ purchasing behavior towards two-wheeled electric vehicles (ETWVs) and the financial allocation they are willing to commit. A choice experiment design was utilized, with a sample of approximately 900 college students, regular users of two-wheeled gasoline vehicles (TWGs). The students engaged in one of two choice scenarios, presented with general characteristics, operational efficiency, vehicle cost, and subsidy strategies. Subsequent to the scenarios, respondents indicated their willingness to pay (WTP) for a ETWV. ETWVs, apart from being an emerging transportation alternative, also present potential environmental and health benefits due to reduced air pollution. The dependent inverse hyperbolic sine (IHS) double-hurdle model was employed, facilitating the accommodation of heteroscedasticity and correlated normality. The outcomes suggest that purchasing behavior for ETWVs among college students is shaped by factors such as purchase subsidy, tax breaks, and ETWVs’ capability in supporting students’ external travel requirements. The average WTP for ETWVs among this demographic stands at US$ 1,410. Importantly, the dependent IHS double-hurdle model, considering heteroscedasticity, proved statistically superior to its counterparts. Insights from this research offer crucial information on the price range students are likely to accommodate for ETWVs and provide a foundation for framing incentive-driven policies to amplify ETWV adoption.
本研究探讨了影响台湾大学生购买两轮电动车(ETWV)行为的决定因素以及他们愿意投入的资金分配。本研究采用了选择实验设计,以约 900 名经常使用两轮汽油车(TWGs)的大学生为样本。学生们在两种选择情景中选择一种,情景包括一般特征、运行效率、车辆成本和补贴策略。在情景模拟之后,受访者表示了他们对 ETWV 的支付意愿(WTP)。ETWV 除了是一种新兴的交通替代方式外,还能减少空气污染,带来潜在的环境和健康益处。研究采用了依赖性反双曲线正弦(IHS)双阶跃模型,以适应异方差和相关正态性。研究结果表明,大学生购买 ETWV 的行为受购买补贴、税收减免以及 ETWV 支持学生校外出行需求的能力等因素的影响。这一人群对 ETWV 的平均 WTP 为 1,410 美元。重要的是,考虑到异方差性,依赖性 IHS 双轮模型在统计上优于同类模型。这项研究提供了关于学生可能接受的 ETWV 价格范围的重要信息,并为制定激励性政策以扩大 ETWV 的采用提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of relationship between railway satisfaction and delay tolerance 铁路满意度与延迟容忍度之间的关系分析
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101306
Xueqing Bo , Shintaro Terabe , Hideki Yaginuma , Kosuke Tanaka , Haruka Uno
Railway facilities, which are part of the service environment, may affect passenger delay tolerance during delays. With the increasing frequency of railway delays, it is essential for railway companies to understand how passengers perceive these disruptions and railway facilities. While previous studies have examined the relationship between satisfaction and tolerance in interpersonal relationships, less is known about the impact of service environments, such as railway facilities, on perceptions in transportation settings. This study investigates the relationship between passenger satisfaction with railway facilities and their tolerance of delays in hypothetical scenarios, covering both short and long delays during morning and evening commute. The results of structural equation modeling show that railway satisfaction positively affects delay tolerance, while anxiety caused by unclear information during delays negatively affects tolerance. Additionally, the study identified the facility improvements that would enhance service quality. These findings offer actionable insights for railway companies to mitigate the impact of delays and improve passenger experiences.
铁路设施是服务环境的一部分,可能会影响乘客对延误的容忍度。随着铁路延误日益频繁,铁路公司有必要了解乘客如何看待这些干扰和铁路设施。以往的研究探讨了人际关系中的满意度和容忍度之间的关系,但对于铁路设施等服务环境对交通环境中的感知的影响却知之甚少。本研究调查了乘客对铁路设施的满意度与他们在假设情景下对延误的容忍度之间的关系,假设情景包括早晚通勤期间的短时和长时延误。结构方程模型的结果表明,铁路满意度会对延误容忍度产生积极影响,而延误期间信息不明确所导致的焦虑则会对容忍度产生消极影响。此外,研究还确定了可提高服务质量的设施改进措施。这些发现为铁路公司减轻延误影响和改善乘客体验提供了可操作的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The operational dynamics of end-around taxiways: Insights from Istanbul Airport 末端环形滑行道的运行动态:伊斯坦布尔机场的启示
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101303
Kadir Dönmez
The rapid rise in global air traffic poses significant challenges for airports, particularly in maintaining operational safety and efficiency. One of the main issues is the risk of runway crossings during ground movements, which can lead to runway incursions. This is particularly problematic in airports with parallel runway operations, where managing multiple runways and ground movements is more complex. End-Around Taxiways (EATs) have been introduced as a strategic solution to mitigate these risks. However, their implementation also introduces new operational challenges and complexities. This study evaluates the impact of EATs on Istanbul Airport (LTFM), one of Europe’s busiest airports. Using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data, the research examines the use of EATs in taxi times, acceleration counts and durations, stop-and-go counts, level-off times, hot spots, gate and stand usages by developing new catchment algorithms. The findings show that EATs present operational challenges such as increased taxi times, number of acceleration movements, and level off times. The study emphasizes the need to consider local airport configurations when implementing EATs and suggests new constraints to optimize their usage.
全球航空交通量的快速增长给机场带来了巨大挑战,尤其是在维护运行安全和效率方面。其中一个主要问题是地面移动过程中穿越跑道的风险,这可能会导致跑道入侵。在平行跑道运行的机场,这一问题尤为突出,因为在这些机场,管理多条跑道和地面移动更为复杂。末端环形滑行道(EAT)作为一种战略解决方案被引入,以降低这些风险。然而,其实施也带来了新的运营挑战和复杂性。本研究评估了 EAT 对欧洲最繁忙机场之一的伊斯坦布尔机场(LTFM)的影响。研究使用自动监视广播(ADS-B)数据,通过开发新的捕获算法,检查了 EATs 在滑行时间、加速次数和持续时间、停靠次数、平飞时间、热点、登机口和停机位使用方面的使用情况。研究结果表明,EAT 带来了运营方面的挑战,如出租车时间、加速运动次数和平层关闭时间的增加。研究强调,在实施 EATs 时需要考虑当地机场的配置,并提出了优化其使用的新约束条件。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying the external costs of autonomous on-demand ride pooling services 量化自主按需拼车服务的外部成本
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101302
Daniel Schröder , Mor Kaspi
Mobility On Demand (MOD) services, such as ride-pooling, provide convenient and cost-effective transportation options. While previous studies focused on operational costs and service quality, we take a broader perspective by examining the external costs associated with autonomous ride-pooling services. Incorporating external costs into the design and evaluation of MOD services enables a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the entire urban population, informing effective regulations and incentives. We present an approach for calculating space-varying external costs, accounting for factors like air pollution, climate impact, noise and accidents. These costs are integrated into FleetPy, an agent-based simulation tool for ridesharing analysis and optimization. A case study in Munich uncovers the tradeoffs between external costs, internal costs, and service quality. Our findings suggest that mid-sized vehicles with a three-person capacity strike a balance between energy efficiency and transport capacity. By applying our approach, external costs can be reduced by up to 37%.
按需移动(MOD)服务,如拼车,提供了便捷且经济高效的交通选择。以往的研究侧重于运营成本和服务质量,而我们则从更广阔的视角出发,研究了与自主拼车服务相关的外部成本。将外部成本纳入 MOD 服务的设计和评估中,可以全面了解其对整个城市人口的影响,从而制定有效的法规和激励措施。我们提出了一种计算空间变化外部成本的方法,其中考虑了空气污染、气候影响、噪音和事故等因素。这些成本被整合到基于代理的模拟工具 FleetPy 中,用于共享出行的分析和优化。慕尼黑的一项案例研究揭示了外部成本、内部成本和服务质量之间的权衡。我们的研究结果表明,可容纳三人的中型车辆可以在能源效率和运输能力之间取得平衡。采用我们的方法,外部成本最多可降低 37%。
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引用次数: 0
Cost benefit analysis of reducing speed limits in Athens to 30 Km/h 将雅典车速限制降至 30 公里/小时的成本效益分析
IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101289
Stella Roussou, Virginia Petraki, Katerina Deliali, Armira Kontaxi, George Yannis
The objective of this research is to investigate public acceptance and socio-economic feasibility of reducing speed limit from 50 km/h to 30 km/h in certain parts of the road network of Athens, Greece. A questionnaire was developed based on the method of stated preference for various hypothetical scenarios of time, fuel consumption and the probability of road crash to investigate road user preferences towards the reduction of speed limit and identify the most important influencing factors preferences. A total of 408 respondents were asked to choose among three alternative proposals: a) Reduce the speed limit to 30 km/h throughout the urban network except on major arteries, b) Reduce the speed limit to 30 km/h throughout the urban network and c) No Reduction (do nothing). For the analysis, two binomial logistic regression models and two multinomial logistic regression models were developed. The results indicate that increase in travel time, the importance of speed in causing a crash, the number of crashes the user has been involved in, the respondent’s driving habits are the main determinants of the users’ preferences. Furthermore, a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) was conducted to understand the sustainability implications of the implementation of lower speed limits (i.e., 50 to 30 km/h). In terms of socio-economic impacts, the CBA considered safety-related metrics, namely the number of road casualties of all severity levels, and environmental-related metrics, namely reductions in CO2, NOx, PM levels as well as in road user surplus metrics namely travel time increase and fuel consumption reduction. Costs considered in the analysis result from increased time spent on the road. Consequently, the investment and the operational costs along with the socio-economic impact are estimated and monetized, up to the year 2030. The positive Net Present Value (NPV) and the high Internal Rate of Return (IRR), i.e. 64.5 %, obtained as well as the sensitivity analysis results, indicate the feasibility of this policy over time. Therefore, speed limit reductions are economically viable and so, should be encouraged.
本研究的目的是调查希腊雅典公路网某些路段的车速限制从 50 公里/小时降至 30 公里/小时的公众接受度和社会经济可行性。根据时间、油耗和道路交通事故概率等各种假设情况的陈述偏好法编制了一份调查问卷,以调查道路使用者对降低车速限制的偏好,并确定最重要的影响偏好的因素。共有 408 名受访者被要求在以下三个备选方案中做出选择:a) 除主要干道外,将整个城市网络的车速限制降低至每小时 30 公里;b) 将整个城市网络的车速限制降低至每小时 30 公里;c) 不降低车速限制(什么都不做)。为进行分析,建立了两个二叉逻辑回归模型和两个多叉逻辑回归模型。结果表明,旅行时间的增加、车速对造成车祸的重要性、用户参与车祸的次数、受访者的驾驶习惯是用户偏好的主要决定因素。此外,还进行了成本效益分析(CBA),以了解实施较低车速限制(即从 50 公里/小时降至 30 公里/小时)对可持续发展的影响。在社会经济影响方面,成本效益分析考虑了与安全相关的指标,即各种严重程度的道路伤亡人数,以及与环境相关的指标,即二氧化碳、氮氧化物、可吸入颗粒物水平的降低,以及道路使用者剩余指标,即旅行时间的增加和燃料消耗的减少。分析中考虑的成本来自于道路上花费时间的增加。因此,对投资和运营成本以及社会经济影响进行了估算和货币化,直至 2030 年。净现值(NPV)为正值,内部收益率(IRR)较高,即 64.5%,这些数据以及敏感性分析结果表明,随着时间的推移,该政策是可行的。因此,降低车速限制在经济上是可行的,应予以鼓励。
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