Case Studies on Transport Policy最新文献_第3页

Impact of high-speed railway construction on freight capacity on sections of existing railways- A case on the Yangtze River Delta 高速铁路建设对既有铁路路段货运能力的影响--以长江三角洲为例

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101301

Chuanzhong Yin, Xiaoxue Feng

The construction of high-speed railway (HSR) can effectively release the freight capacity of existing railways. By analyzing the influencing factors of passengers’ travel choices, the Utility Function and Logit model are adopted to calculate the utility and passenger flow split rate, and get the passenger flow of the existing railways after the diversion of the newly-built HSR. The passenger flow allocation model is established based on User Equilibrium, and improved Frank-Wolfe (FW) algorithm is applied to solve it, and obtain the passenger capacity of the sections on existing railways. Based on the deduction coefficient method, the passenger capacity is deducted from total capacity to get the freight capacity of each section on existing railways after release. Finally, take the railway channel in the Yangtze River Delta as a case, the results show that after the construction of the HSR, the freight capacity of sections on existing railways in the Yangtze River Delta is released to varying degrees. The freight capacity of Hefei-Wuhu section will be released the most, which is 19.5 pairs of trains, while that of Shanghai-Jiaxing section is the least, which is only 3.5 pairs, following by Wenzhou-Jinhua and Hangzhou-Ningbo sections, which are 4 pairs. Therefore, the construction of HSR should be accompanied by focusing on sections with less released freight capacity to enhance the overall capacity of the regional railway network.

高速铁路的建设可以有效释放既有铁路的货运能力。通过分析旅客出行选择的影响因素，采用效用函数和 Logit 模型计算效用和客流分流率，得到新建高铁分流后既有铁路的客流情况。建立基于用户均衡的客流分配模型，并采用改进的 Frank-Wolfe (FW) 算法进行求解，得到既有铁路各区段的客运能力。根据扣除系数法，从总运力中扣除客运运力，得到放行后既有铁路各区段的货运运力。最后，以长三角铁路通道为例，结果表明，高铁建成后，长三角既有铁路各区段货运能力均有不同程度的释放。其中，合肥至芜湖段的货运能力释放最多，为 19.5 对列车；上海至嘉兴段的货运能力释放最少，仅为 3.5 对列车；其次是温州至金华段和杭州至宁波段，均为 4 对列车。因此，在建设高铁的同时，应重点关注货运能力释放较少的区段，以提高区域铁路网的整体运能。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating private car users’ preference to congestion pricing: A study on trip cancellation behavior 评估私家车用户对拥堵费的偏好：关于取消行程行为的研究

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101300

Sedigheh KhorramDehnavi , Ali MorovatiSharifabadi , Salman AghidiKheyrabadi , Seyed Mojtaba HosseiniBamakan

People show different behaviors when facing congestion pricing policy. A literature review reveals that the variables affecting behaviors such as trip cancellation in the case of the implementation of transportation demand management (TDM) policies have received less attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of travelers’ characteristics, citizens’ attitudes towards TDM policies, socioeconomic variables, and five TDM policies on trip cancellation behavior among private car users entering congestion charge zones. The statistical population contained 2256 participants; each participant answered six scenarios resulting in 13,536 observations. The use of Stated Preference method is employed to identify the preferences of citizens of Shiraz as a case study. The binary logit model indicated that travelers who had to make essential trips would be less likely to cancel their trips. Also, those who strongly agreed with the idea that congestion pricing could restrict their travel mode choice and those who strongly disagreed that congestion pricing could reduce traffic congestion would be most likely to cancel their trips compared to people with other attitudes. In addition, every minute increase in the time spent in congestion charge zones could decrease the travelers’ tendency to cancel their trips by 0.13%. Likewise, every 10,000 Rials ($0.09) increase in congestion charge could increase the probability of trip cancellation by 0.31%.

人们在面对拥堵定价政策时会表现出不同的行为。文献综述显示，在实施交通需求管理（TDM）政策的情况下，影响取消行程等行为的变量受到的关注较少。因此，本研究旨在探讨出行者特征、市民对交通需求管理政策的态度、社会经济变量以及五项交通需求管理政策对私家车用户进入拥堵收费区取消行程行为的影响。统计人群包括 2256 名参与者，每位参与者回答了六个情景，共得到 13536 个观测值。以设拉子市民的偏好为研究案例，采用了陈述偏好法。二元对数模型表明，必须进行必要旅行的旅行者取消旅行的可能性较小。此外，与持其他态度的人相比，非常同意拥堵费可以限制其出行方式选择的人和非常不同意拥堵费可以减少交通拥堵的人最有可能取消出行。此外，在拥堵收费区所花费的时间每增加一分钟，就会使旅行者取消旅行的倾向降低 0.13%。同样，拥堵费每增加 10,000 里亚尔（0.09 美元），取消行程的可能性就会增加 0.31%。

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引用次数: 0

Hard and soft measures for motivating workers to commute by bicycle: The case of Bogota 激励工人骑自行车上下班的软硬措施：波哥大案例

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101299

Luis Márquez , Victor Cantillo , Carlos D. Paternina-Arboleda

Motivating workers to commute by bicycle could play a key role in reducing congestion, caring for the environment, helping maintain good health and fitness, and improving the well-being of urban societies. To achieve this behavioral change, it is crucial to understand the main factors that influence bicycle use. This study aims to understand the behavior of workers who do not commute by bicycle by integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social identity into a Hybrid Modal Shift model (HMS) to define measures to motivate them to commute by bicycle. We designed a stated choice experiment comprised of three tangible attributes (i.e., bike lane types, trip-end facilities, and cash incentives). Indicators related to psychological factors of the TPB and social identity, and choices of whether to switch current modes of transportation to the bicycle, were observed through a face-to-face questionnaire addressed to workers who do not commute by bicycle in Bogota, Colombia (N=376). The HMS allowed us to understand the effects of tangible attributes and psychological constructs on the probability of shifting current transportation modes to commuting by bicycle to work. We also obtained the effect of each socioeconomic characteristic on the overall choice of shifting to bicycles. Then, by considering the heterogeneity captured through the psychological constructs, we designed measures based on social identity and some psychological factors of the TPB involving these groups of workers to motivate them to commute by bicycle.

激励工人骑自行车上下班，可以在减少拥堵、爱护环境、帮助保持健康和体魄以及改善城市社会福祉方面发挥关键作用。要实现这一行为改变，了解影响自行车使用的主要因素至关重要。本研究旨在通过将计划行为理论（TPB）和社会认同融入混合模式转换模型（HMS），了解不骑自行车上下班的工人的行为，从而确定激励他们骑自行车上下班的措施。我们设计了一个由三个有形属性（即自行车道类型、出行终点设施和现金奖励）组成的陈述选择实验。通过对哥伦比亚波哥大不骑自行车上下班的工人（376 人）进行面对面问卷调查，观察了与 TPB 心理因素和社会认同相关的指标，以及是否将目前的交通方式改为骑自行车的选择。通过 HMS，我们了解了有形属性和心理结构对将目前的交通方式转变为骑自行车上下班的可能性的影响。我们还获得了每个社会经济特征对转向自行车的总体选择的影响。然后，考虑到通过心理结构捕捉到的异质性，我们设计了基于社会认同和 TPB 中涉及这些工人群体的一些心理因素的措施，以激励他们骑自行车上下班。

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引用次数: 0

Implementation of environmental management plans in the transport sector development projects: A case study of two mega projects in Bangladesh 在交通部门发展项目中实施环境管理计划：孟加拉国两个大型项目的案例研究

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101298

Rhidi Barma , Farhadur Reza , Zobaidul Kabir , Mashura Shammi , Shafi M. Tareq

This study assesses the Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) of two major urban transport megaprojects in Bangladesh, MRT Line-6 and BRT Line-3, implemented in Dhaka City to alleviate traffic congestion. The EMPs were evaluated using content analysis, SWOT analysis, and key informant interviews with environmental impact assessment experts. This research identifies the challenges and strengths of these projects, including occupational health and safety management, compensation measures for resettlement, handling cash grievances, emergency response plans, and organized environmental maintenance. The EMPs demonstrate efforts to compensate for greenspace loss by creating new ground coverage along the routes and planting trees and shrubs beneath elevated tracks. Notable weaknesses were observed, including a lack of integration between project proponents and regulatory authorities, absence of monitoring and reporting of impacts, health hazards caused by dust and emissions from equipment and project activities, insufficient traffic management plans, and inadequate health and safety measures for pedestrians during the construction phase. Several measures have been proposed for monitoring the operational phases by designated authorities, such as an environmental treatment plan for wastewater, solid waste management, water supply and sanitation, noise pollution control, and other emission control measures. Unfortunately, the study revealed that the restoration of blue spaces, such as water bodies and wetlands, affected by the megaprojects, was not adequately planned. This study further suggests that transparency and public participation should be ensured during preparation and implementation of EMPs of megaprojects. It also emphasizes the need for an adequate workforce and resources in the Department of Environment (DoE) to monitor EMP implementation effectively.

本研究评估了孟加拉国两个大型城市交通项目的环境管理计划 (EMP)，即在达卡市为缓解交通拥堵而实施的地铁 6 号线和快速公交 3 号线。通过内容分析、SWOT 分析以及与环境影响评估专家进行关键信息访谈，对 EMP 进行了评估。这项研究确定了这些项目的挑战和优势，包括职业健康和安全管理、重新安置补偿措施、现金投诉处理、应急计划和有组织的环境维护。环境管理计划表明，通过在沿线创造新的地面覆盖和在高架轨道下种植树木和灌木，努力补偿绿地损失。还发现了一些明显的不足之处，包括项目提议者与监管机构之间缺乏整合、缺乏对影响的监测和报告、设备和项目活动产生的粉尘和排放物对健康造成危害、交通管理计划不足以及施工阶段行人的健康和安全措施不足。指定机构已提出了几项监测运营阶段的措施，如废水环境处理计划、固体废物管理、供水和卫生设施、噪声污染控制以及其他排放控制措施。遗憾的是，研究显示，受大型项目影响的水体和湿地等蓝色空间的恢复工作没有得到充分规划。本研究进一步建议，在编制和实施超大型项目的环境管理计划时，应确保透明度和公众参与。研究还强调，环境部（DoE）需要充足的人力和资源来有效监督 EMP 的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring the sustainability of electric vehicles in Cyprus using PESTEL analysis 利用 PESTEL 分析法衡量塞浦路斯电动汽车的可持续性

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101297

Andri Pyrgou , Panayiotis Panayiotou , Charalambos Kapetanios , Kyprianos Nicolaides

The high living standards and rapid urbanization have changed local infrastructure and transportation. Electric cars are introduced dynamically in the global and particularly the Cypriot market as they have lower carbon dioxide emissions during movement compared to combustion engines cars. However, a variety of obstacles to the development and acceptance of electric vehicles have emerged. To identify and overcome these obstacles, this paper applies the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) framework to analyse the macro-environment of the electric vehicle industry in Cyprus. The PESTEL factors in the electric car sector were assessed according to the local and European legislation and policies, the difficulties and concerns of the public and the environmental issues in an island where the main source of electricity is the burn of fossil fuels. Finally, a seven year analysis of the fuels prices has also assisted in the identification of the drawbacks and possibilities of this emerging market.

高生活水平和快速城市化改变了当地的基础设施和交通。与内燃机汽车相比，电动汽车在行驶过程中的二氧化碳排放量较低，因此在全球尤其是塞浦路斯市场上被大力推广。然而，在发展和接受电动汽车方面出现了各种障碍。为了识别和克服这些障碍，本文采用政治、经济、社会、技术、环境和法律（PESTEL）框架来分析塞浦路斯电动汽车行业的宏观环境。根据当地和欧洲的立法和政策、公众的困难和担忧以及以燃烧化石燃料为主要电力来源的岛屿的环境问题，对电动汽车行业的 PESTEL 因素进行了评估。最后，对七年燃料价格的分析也有助于确定这一新兴市场的缺点和可能性。

引用次数: 0

An agent-based simulation modeling framework for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) 基于代理的移动即服务（MaaS）模拟建模框架

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101294

Muhammad Ali Nayeem , MD Jahedul Alam , Muhammad Ahsanul Habib , M. Sohel Rahman

This study develops an agent-based intelligent Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) simulation model consisting of three types of agents (i.e., MaaS fleet unit, travelers, and central intelligent mobility assignment module) to assess mobility service assignment processes balancing conflicting entities (e.g., demand and supply) within the MaaS ecosystem. The study follows a two-level optimization method (i.e., lower, and upper levels). It employs artificial intelligence and multicriteria decision making to solve two-dimensional mobility assignment problems (demand vs. supply). The novelty of this assignment process is that it implements an intelligence module accounting for the past system performance to make a future assignment decision in favor of both sides of the operation. This study processes 24-hour trip requests extracted from Nova Scotia Travel Activity (NovaTRAC) survey data in real-time. Two scenarios (1-D and 2-D assignments) are compared using the cost criteria, such as total waiting time, empty time, and idle time. The 1-D scenario refers to mobility assignment that emphasizes the demand side only, and the 2-D scenario formulates mobility assignment by balancing the demand and supply sides of the MaaS ecosystem. Experimental results indicate that a MaaS fleet of 350 units is the most balanced fleet in both scenarios. However, the 2-D optimization method reduces the overall supply cost by 25%. Moreover, 2-D operation demonstrates a higher fleet utilization over a considerable period, whereas the 1-D design guarantees a higher fleet utilization only during the peak period. Results of this study provide us with a benchmark for assessing more complex MaaS operation scenarios which will further aid in advancing the operational MaaS ecosystem. Our findings can help policymakers implement cost-effective MaaS solutions supporting sustainable urban mobility and SDG 13: Climate Action.

本研究开发了一种基于代理的智能移动即服务（MaaS）仿真模型，该模型由三类代理（即 MaaS 车队、旅行者和中央智能移动分配模块）组成，用于评估移动服务分配过程，以平衡 MaaS 生态系统中相互冲突的实体（如需求和供给）。本研究采用两级优化方法（即下级和上级）。它采用人工智能和多标准决策来解决二维移动分配问题（需求与供给）。该分配流程的新颖之处在于，它实施了一个智能模块，考虑到过去的系统性能，做出有利于运营双方的未来分配决策。本研究实时处理从新斯科舍省出行活动（NovaTRAC）调查数据中提取的 24 小时出行请求。使用总等待时间、空车时间和空闲时间等成本标准对两种方案（1-D 和 2-D 分配）进行了比较。1-D 方案指的是只强调需求方的移动分配，而 2-D 方案则通过平衡 MaaS 生态系统的需求方和供应方来制定移动分配。实验结果表明，由 350 个单位组成的 MaaS 车队是两种方案中最平衡的车队。然而，二维优化方法将总体供应成本降低了 25%。此外，2-D 运行在相当长的时间内都能提高车队的利用率，而 1-D 设计只能保证在高峰期提高车队的利用率。这项研究的结果为我们提供了评估更复杂的 MaaS 运营场景的基准，这将进一步帮助推进可运营的 MaaS 生态系统。我们的研究结果可以帮助决策者实施具有成本效益的 MaaS 解决方案，支持可持续城市交通和可持续发展目标 13：气候行动。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing shared e-scooter trip frequency on urban road segments in Austin, TX 分析德克萨斯州奥斯汀城市路段的共享电动滑板车出行频率

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101296

Junfeng Jiao, Yiming Xu

The expansion of e-scooter sharing system presents a mix of advantages and challenges to the urban transportation system. This research delves into the frequency of shared e-scooter trips on urban road segments in Austin, TX, leveraging a Random Forest model to dissect the influence of built environment and demographic variables on e-scooter trip frequencies. The model was then interpreted using Shapley Additive Explanations and Partial Dependence Plots. Results indicated that presence of bike lanes, distance to city center, violent crime, walkability, and land use are the most important variables. Notably, high shared e-scooter trip frequency often coincides with high incidence of violent crimes. The study further explores the non-linear relationships between e-scooter trip frequency and these key variables, revealing threshold effects and significant shifts in usage patterns. These insights offer valuable guidance for cities in the strategic development and regulation of shared e-scooter services.

电动滑板车共享系统的扩展给城市交通系统带来了优势和挑战。本研究深入探讨了德克萨斯州奥斯汀市城市路段的共享电动滑板车出行频率，利用随机森林模型剖析了建筑环境和人口变量对电动滑板车出行频率的影响。然后使用夏普利加性解释和部分依赖图对该模型进行解释。结果表明，自行车道的存在、与市中心的距离、暴力犯罪、步行能力和土地利用是最重要的变量。值得注意的是，共享电动滑板车的高出行频率往往与暴力犯罪的高发生率相吻合。该研究进一步探讨了电动滑板车出行频率与这些关键变量之间的非线性关系，揭示了使用模式的阈值效应和重大转变。这些见解为城市共享电动车服务的战略发展和监管提供了宝贵的指导。

引用次数: 0

The link between transportation industry and transportation cryptocurrencies – A comparison among airline, rail, and shipping industries 运输业与运输加密货币之间的联系--航空、铁路和航运业之间的比较

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101295

Theodoros Daglis

This work examines the link between some of the most important transportation companies’ stock performance with the corresponding transportation cryptocurrencies. To do so, airlines, rail, and shipping companies’ stocks are investigated, examining for a probable link with the transportation cryptocurrencies, and also investigating the attributes of this link. The variable-Lag time-series causality is employed to test the channel of causality (if such exists), and the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis is utilized to investigate the relationship’s attributes. According to the results, the three transportation industries differ in the way they relate to transportation-related cryptocurrencies. More precisely, the transportation industries differ in the way they relate to transportation cryptocurrencies since airlines, and railway companies affect the price of the cryptocurrencies related to transportation, and cryptocurrencies also affect in a similar magnitude these fields. On the other hand, the shipping companies have a greater effect on the cryptocurrencies, while the cryptocurrencies in very few cases affect these stocks. Finally, a long-run relationship is identified, implying that transportation companies and the corresponding cryptocurrencies are positively and long-term related. The results important because they unveil a link between the transportation companies and the corresponding cryptocurrencies, with this link differing among these industries. This finding should be taken into account in the adoption of relevant technologies from the transportation field.

本作品研究了一些最重要的运输公司的股票表现与相应的运输加密货币之间的联系。为此，对航空公司、铁路和航运公司的股票进行了调查，研究其与交通加密货币之间的可能联系，并调查这种联系的属性。采用变量-滞后时间序列因果关系来检验因果关系的渠道（如果存在的话），并利用多分形去趋势交叉相关分析来研究这种关系的属性。结果显示，三个运输行业与运输相关加密货币的关系各不相同。更确切地说，运输行业与运输加密货币的关系不同，因为航空公司和铁路公司会影响与运输相关的加密货币的价格，而加密货币也会对这些领域产生类似程度的影响。另一方面，航运公司对加密货币的影响更大，而加密货币对这些股票的影响却很少。最后，还发现了一种长期关系，这意味着运输公司和相应的加密货币之间存在长期的正相关关系。这些结果非常重要，因为它们揭示了运输公司与相应加密货币之间的联系，而这种联系在这些行业中又有所不同。在采用运输领域的相关技术时，应考虑到这一发现。

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引用次数: 0

Cycling or Ropeway – Two Choices of Environmentally Friendly Urban Modes 自行车或索道--环保型城市交通的两种选择

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101291

Karl Hofer, Martin Fellendorf

Ropeways have proven to be a suitable extension to public transport in Latin American cities. Numerous ropeway projects are being discussed in Europe. These have not yet progressed beyond the planning stage because, among other reasons, no assessments of potential demand have been carried out. Current travel demand models do not consider mode-specific properties of ropeways and cycling competing with public transport. Based on a stated choice experiment, a mode choice model for people without car availability was estimated. Besides standard attributes like travel times and costs, the impact of mode-specific attributes like service rates, crowding, reliability, personal attitudes and weather conditions were tested. A Mixed-Logit model was estimated showing significant influence of these attributes on mode choice in Graz, an Austrian city with a mode share of 20% each for cyclists and public transport. The introduction of a ropeway can increase the share of public transport, as the high capacity and reliability of ropeways have a positive effect. However, it is unlikely that some groups of cyclists will use the ropeway, as travel time and cost are factors that are more important. The database and the modeling approaches can also be applied to other ropeway projects.

事实证明，索道是拉丁美洲城市公共交通的适当延伸。欧洲正在讨论许多索道项目。这些项目尚未进展到规划阶段，原因之一是尚未对潜在需求进行评估。目前的出行需求模型没有考虑索道和自行车与公共交通竞争的特定模式属性。根据既定的选择实验，我们估算了无车人群的出行方式选择模型。除了旅行时间和成本等标准属性外，还测试了服务率、拥挤程度、可靠性、个人态度和天气条件等特定模式属性的影响。在奥地利城市格拉茨，自行车和公共交通各占 20% 的出行比例。由于索道的高运量和可靠性具有积极作用，因此引入索道可以提高公共交通的比例。不过，一些骑自行车的群体不太可能使用索道，因为出行时间和成本是更重要的因素。数据库和建模方法也可应用于其他索道项目。

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引用次数: 0

Car ownership, carsharing, neighbourhood types and travel attitudes: A latent-cluster analysis 汽车所有权、汽车共享、邻里类型和出行态度：潜在聚类分析

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101292

Jérôme Laviolette, Catherine Morency, E.O.D. Waygood

The availability of carsharing in cities around the world has allowed more households to take advantage of the service as an alternative or a complement to private car ownership. While most research has looked at the effect of carsharing on car ownership decisions using carsharing users’ surveys, very few have modelled the choice of car ownership and carsharing jointly using independent surveys. This paper investigates the complex relationship between this joint decision, the built environment, and travel-related attitudes. Using data from two surveys in Montreal, latent-cluster analysis is used to identify a typology of residential neighbourhoods and a segmentation of attitude profiles. Cross-analyzing the two segmentations suggests that those with more positive attitudes towards the car are more likely to own cars and less likely to join carsharing across all neighbourhood types compared to less car-oriented profiles. However, people from all attitude profiles own fewer cars in more central neighbourhoods than in more suburban locations. Finally, a MNL model where sociodemographics and residential parking are controlled for confirms that both the built environment and attitudes independently influence the joint decision. Results also suggest that attitudes are associated with residential location choice, hinting at the presence of residential self-selection or environmental determinism. In summary, the analysis indicates that policy measures aimed at expanding carsharing vehicle availability for promoting carsharing as an alternative to car ownership may primarily impact individuals who are less drawn to the symbolic and emotional aspects of traditional cars.

汽车共享服务在世界各地城市的普及，使更多家庭能够利用这种服务作为拥有私家车的替代或补充。虽然大多数研究都是通过对汽车共享用户的调查来研究汽车共享对汽车所有权决策的影响，但很少有研究利用独立调查对汽车所有权和汽车共享的共同选择进行建模。本文研究了这一共同决策、建筑环境和旅行相关态度之间的复杂关系。本文使用蒙特利尔两次调查的数据，通过潜在聚类分析确定了住宅区的类型和态度特征的细分。对这两种细分的交叉分析表明，与不太注重汽车的人相比，对汽车持更积极态度的人更有可能拥有汽车，而在所有社区类型中加入汽车共享的可能性较低。然而，与郊区相比，所有态度的人在中心街区拥有的汽车都更少。最后，对社会人口统计学和住宅停车位进行控制的 MNL 模型证实，建筑环境和人们的态度都会对共同决策产生独立影响。结果还表明，人们的态度与住宅位置选择有关，这暗示着存在住宅自我选择或环境决定论。总之，分析表明，旨在扩大汽车共享车辆可用性以推广汽车共享作为汽车所有权替代方案的政策措施，可能主要影响那些对传统汽车的象征意义和情感方面不太感兴趣的人。

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引用次数: 0