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Estimation of the Craniectomy Surface Area by Using Postoperative Images. 应用术后图像估计颅骨切除术表面积。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-06-03 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5237693
Meng-Yin Ho, Wei-Lung Tseng, Furen Xiao

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a neurosurgical procedure performed to relieve the intracranial pressure engendered by brain swelling. However, no easy and accurate method exists for determining the craniectomy surface area. In this study, we implemented and compared three methods of estimating the craniectomy surface area for evaluating the decompressive effort. We collected 118 sets of preoperative and postoperative brain computed tomography images from patients who underwent craniectomy procedures between April 2009 and April 2011. The surface area associated with each craniectomy was estimated using the marching cube and quasi-Monte Carlo methods. The surface area was also estimated using a simple AC method, in which the area is calculated by multiplying the craniectomy length (A) by its height (C). The estimated surface area ranged from 9.46 to 205.32 cm2, with a median of 134.80 cm2. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) between the marching cube and quasi-Monte Carlo methods was 7.53 cm2. Furthermore, the RMSD was 14.45 cm2 between the marching cube and AC methods and 12.70 cm2 between the quasi-Monte Carlo and AC methods. Paired t-tests indicated no statistically significant difference between these methods. The marching cube and quasi-Monte Carlo methods yield similar results. The results calculated using the AC method are also clinically acceptable for estimating the DC surface area. Our results can facilitate additional studies on the association of decompressive effort with the effect of craniectomy.

减压颅骨切除术(DC)是一种神经外科手术,用于缓解脑肿胀引起的颅内压。然而,没有一种简单而准确的方法来确定颅骨切除术的表面积。在本研究中,我们实施并比较了三种估算颅骨切除术表面积以评估减压效果的方法。我们收集了2009年4月至2011年4月期间接受颅骨切除术的患者的118组术前和术后脑计算机断层扫描图像。使用行进立方体和准蒙特卡罗方法估计与每次颅骨切除术相关的表面积。采用简单的AC法估算表面积,该方法通过将颅骨切除长度(a)乘以其高度(C)计算面积。估算表面积范围为9.46 ~ 205.32 cm2,中位数为134.80 cm2。行进立方体法与拟蒙特卡罗法的均方根偏差(RMSD)为7.53 cm2。行军立方体法与AC法的均方根偏差为14.45 cm2,拟蒙特卡罗法与AC法的均方根偏差为12.70 cm2。配对t检验显示这些方法之间无统计学差异。行进立方体和准蒙特卡罗方法也得到了类似的结果。用交流法计算的结果在临床上也可用于估计直流表面积。我们的结果有助于进一步研究减压努力与颅骨切除术效果的关系。
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引用次数: 7
Instant Feedback Rapid Prototyping for GPU-Accelerated Computation, Manipulation, and Visualization of Multidimensional Data. 即时反馈快速原型的gpu加速计算,操作和多维数据的可视化。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-06-03 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2046269
Maximilian Malek, Christoph W Sensen

Objective: We have created an open-source application and framework for rapid GPU-accelerated prototyping, targeting image analysis, including volumetric images such as CT or MRI data.

Methods: A visual graph editor enables the design of processing pipelines without programming. Run-time compiled compute shaders enable prototyping of complex operations in a matter of minutes.

Results: GPU-acceleration increases processing the speed by at least an order of magnitude when compared to traditional multithreaded CPU-based implementations, while offering the flexibility of scripted implementations.

Conclusion: Our framework enables real-time, intuition-guided accelerated algorithm and method development, supported by built-in scriptable visualization.

Significance: This is, to our knowledge, the first tool for medical data analysis that provides both high performance and rapid prototyping. As such, it has the potential to act as a force multiplier for further research, enabling handling of high-resolution datasets while providing quasi-instant feedback and visualization of results.

目的:我们创建了一个开源应用程序和框架,用于快速gpu加速原型设计,针对图像分析,包括体积图像,如CT或MRI数据。方法:可视化图形编辑器使处理管道的设计无需编程。运行时编译的计算着色器可以在几分钟内完成复杂操作的原型。结果:与传统的基于cpu的多线程实现相比,gpu加速将处理速度提高了至少一个数量级,同时提供了脚本实现的灵活性。结论:我们的框架能够实现实时、直观引导的加速算法和方法开发,并支持内置的可脚本化可视化。意义:据我们所知,这是第一个提供高性能和快速原型的医疗数据分析工具。因此,它有可能成为进一步研究的力量倍增器,能够处理高分辨率数据集,同时提供准即时反馈和结果可视化。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Diffeomorphic Multiresolution Demons and Their Application to Same Modality Medical Image Registration with Large Deformation. 自适应差分同构多分辨率算法及其在大变形同模态医学图像配准中的应用。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-05-16 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7314612
Chang Wang, Qiongqiong Ren, Xin Qin, Yi Yu

Diffeomorphic demons can guarantee smooth and reversible deformation and avoid unreasonable deformation. However, the number of iterations needs to be set manually, and this greatly influences the registration result. In order to solve this problem, we proposed adaptive diffeomorphic multiresolution demons in this paper. We used an optimized framework with nonrigid registration and diffeomorphism strategy, designed a similarity energy function based on grey value, and stopped iterations adaptively. This method was tested by synthetic image and same modality medical image. Large deformation was simulated by rotational distortion and extrusion transform, medical image registration with large deformation was performed, and quantitative analyses were conducted using the registration evaluation indexes, and the influence of different driving forces and parameters on the registration result was analyzed. The registration results of same modality medical images were compared with those obtained using active demons, additive demons, and diffeomorphic demons. Quantitative analyses showed that the proposed method's normalized cross-correlation coefficient and structural similarity were the highest and mean square error was the lowest. Medical image registration with large deformation could be performed successfully; evaluation indexes remained stable with an increase in deformation strength. The proposed method is effective and robust, and it can be applied to nonrigid registration of same modality medical images with large deformation.

微分同胚形可保证变形的平滑和可逆,避免不合理的变形。然而,迭代次数需要手动设置,这极大地影响了注册结果。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了自适应差分同态多分辨率图像。采用非刚性配准和差分同构策略的优化框架,设计基于灰度值的相似能量函数,自适应停止迭代。用合成图像和同模态医学图像对该方法进行了验证。通过旋转变形和挤压变换模拟大变形,对大变形医学图像进行配准,并利用配准评价指标进行定量分析,分析不同驱动力和参数对配准结果的影响。将同模态医学图像的配准结果与使用有源配准、加性配准和差分配准的配准结果进行比较。定量分析表明,该方法的归一化相关系数和结构相似度最高,均方误差最低。可以成功实现大变形医学图像配准;随着变形强度的增加,评价指标保持稳定。该方法具有较强的鲁棒性和有效性,可应用于形变较大的同模态医学图像的非刚性配准。
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引用次数: 4
Computer-Aided Grading of Gliomas Combining Automatic Segmentation and Radiomics. 结合自动分割和放射组学的胶质瘤计算机辅助分级。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-05-08 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2512037
Wei Chen, Boqiang Liu, Suting Peng, Jiawei Sun, Xu Qiao

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and the objective grading is of great importance for treatment. This paper presents an automatic computer-aided diagnosis of gliomas that combines automatic segmentation and radiomics, which can improve the diagnostic ability. The MRI data containing 220 high-grade gliomas and 54 low-grade gliomas are used to evaluate our system. A multiscale 3D convolutional neural network is trained to segment whole tumor regions. A wide range of radiomic features including first-order features, shape features, and texture features is extracted. By using support vector machines with recursive feature elimination for feature selection, a CAD system that has an extreme gradient boosting classifier with a 5-fold cross-validation is constructed for the grading of gliomas. Our CAD system is highly effective for the grading of gliomas with an accuracy of 91.27%, a weighted macroprecision of 91.27%, a weighted macrorecall of 91.27%, and a weighted macro-F1 score of 90.64%. This demonstrates that the proposed CAD system can assist radiologists for high accurate grading of gliomas and has the potential for clinical applications.

胶质瘤是最常见的原发性脑肿瘤,其客观分级对治疗具有重要意义。本文提出了一种将自动分割与放射组学相结合的神经胶质瘤计算机辅助自动诊断方法,可提高诊断能力。MRI数据包含220个高级别胶质瘤和54个低级别胶质瘤,用于评估我们的系统。训练了一个多尺度三维卷积神经网络来分割整个肿瘤区域。广泛的放射学特征包括一阶特征、形状特征和纹理特征。采用递归特征消去的支持向量机进行特征选择,构建了一个具有5倍交叉验证的极端梯度增强分类器的CAD系统,用于胶质瘤分级。我们的CAD系统对胶质瘤分级非常有效,准确率为91.27%,加权宏观精度为91.27%,加权宏观召回率为91.27%,加权宏观f1评分为90.64%。这表明所提出的CAD系统可以帮助放射科医生对胶质瘤进行高精度分级,具有临床应用的潜力。
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引用次数: 60
Corrigendum to "Recent Advances in Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection". “微波成像检测乳腺癌的最新进展”的勘误表。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-05-02 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1657073
Sollip Kwon, Seungjun Lee

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/5054912.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.1155/2016/5054912.]。
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引用次数: 2
Brain Midline Shift Measurement and Its Automation: A Review of Techniques and Algorithms. 脑中线偏移测量及其自动化:技术和算法综述。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-04-12 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4303161
Chun-Chih Liao, Ya-Fang Chen, Furen Xiao

Midline shift (MLS) of the brain is an important feature that can be measured using various imaging modalities including X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Shift of midline intracranial structures helps diagnosing intracranial lesions, especially traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, and abscess. Being a sign of increased intracranial pressure, MLS is also an indicator of reduced brain perfusion caused by an intracranial mass or mass effect. We review studies that used the MLS to predict outcomes of patients with intracranial mass. In some studies, the MLS was also correlated to clinical features. Automated MLS measurement algorithms have significant potentials for assisting human experts in evaluating brain images. In symmetry-based algorithms, the deformed midline is detected and its distance from the ideal midline taken as the MLS. In landmark-based ones, MLS was measured following identification of specific anatomical landmarks. To validate these algorithms, measurements using these algorithms were compared to MLS measurements made by human experts. In addition to measuring the MLS on a given imaging study, there were newer applications of MLS that included comparing multiple MLS measurement before and after treatment and developing additional features to indicate mass effect. Suggestions for future research are provided.

脑中线移位(MLS)是一个重要的特征,可以通过各种成像方式测量,包括x射线、超声、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像。颅内中线结构的移位有助于颅内病变的诊断,尤其是外伤性脑损伤、脑卒中、脑肿瘤和脓肿。作为颅内压升高的标志,MLS也是颅内肿块或肿块效应引起的脑灌注减少的指标。我们回顾了使用MLS预测颅内肿块患者预后的研究。在一些研究中,MLS也与临床特征相关。自动化MLS测量算法在协助人类专家评估脑图像方面具有重要的潜力。在基于对称的算法中,检测变形的中线,并将其与理想中线的距离作为最大线距。在以地标为基础的研究中,MLS是在确定特定解剖地标后测量的。为了验证这些算法,使用这些算法的测量结果与人类专家进行的MLS测量结果进行了比较。除了在给定的影像学研究中测量MLS外,MLS还有一些新的应用,包括比较治疗前后的多个MLS测量,以及开发其他特征来指示质量效应。最后对今后的研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 58
Cryo-Imaging and Software Platform for Analysis of Molecular MR Imaging of Micrometastases. 冷冻成像及微转移瘤分子磁共振成像分析软件平台。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-04-01 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9780349
Mohammed Q Qutaish, Zhuxian Zhou, David Prabhu, Yiqiao Liu, Mallory R Busso, Donna Izadnegahdar, Madhusudhana Gargesha, Hong Lu, Zheng-Rong Lu, David L Wilson

We created and evaluated a preclinical, multimodality imaging, and software platform to assess molecular imaging of small metastases. This included experimental methods (e.g., GFP-labeled tumor and high resolution multispectral cryo-imaging), nonrigid image registration, and interactive visualization of imaging agent targeting. We describe technological details earlier applied to GFP-labeled metastatic tumor targeting by molecular MR (CREKA-Gd) and red fluorescent (CREKA-Cy5) imaging agents. Optimized nonrigid cryo-MRI registration enabled nonambiguous association of MR signals to GFP tumors. Interactive visualization of out-of-RAM volumetric image data allowed one to zoom to a GFP-labeled micrometastasis, determine its anatomical location from color cryo-images, and establish the presence/absence of targeted CREKA-Gd and CREKA-Cy5. In a mouse with >160 GFP-labeled tumors, we determined that in the MR images every tumor in the lung >0.3 mm2 had visible signal and that some metastases as small as 0.1 mm2 were also visible. More tumors were visible in CREKA-Cy5 than in CREKA-Gd MRI. Tape transfer method and nonrigid registration allowed accurate (<11 μm error) registration of whole mouse histology to corresponding cryo-images. Histology showed inflammation and necrotic regions not labeled by imaging agents. This mouse-to-cells multiscale and multimodality platform should uniquely enable more informative and accurate studies of metastatic cancer imaging and therapy.

我们创建并评估了一个临床前、多模式成像和软件平台,以评估小转移瘤的分子成像。这包括实验方法(例如,gfp标记的肿瘤和高分辨率多光谱冷冻成像),非刚性图像配准以及显像剂靶向的交互式可视化。我们描述了早期应用于分子MR (CREKA-Gd)和红色荧光(CREKA-Cy5)显像剂靶向gfp标记的转移性肿瘤的技术细节。优化的非刚性冷冻mri配准使MR信号与GFP肿瘤的非模糊关联成为可能。ram外体积图像数据的交互式可视化允许人们放大gfp标记的微转移,从彩色冷冻图像确定其解剖位置,并确定靶向CREKA-Gd和CREKA-Cy5的存在/不存在。在具有>160个gfp标记肿瘤的小鼠中,我们确定在MR图像中,肺中>0.3 mm2的每个肿瘤都有可见信号,并且一些小至0.1 mm2的转移也可见。CREKA-Cy5中可见肿瘤多于CREKA-Gd。磁带转移方法和非刚性配准可以将整个小鼠组织精确(误差为μm)配准到相应的冷冻图像。组织学显示炎症和坏死区域未被显像剂标记。这种小鼠到细胞的多尺度和多模态平台应该能够独特地提供更多信息和准确的转移性癌症成像和治疗研究。
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引用次数: 12
Classification of Alzheimer's and MCI Patients from Semantically Parcelled PET Images: A Comparison between AV45 and FDG-PET. 从语义分割的 PET 图像对阿尔茨海默氏症和 MCI 患者进行分类:AV45 和 FDG-PET 的比较。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-03-15 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1247430
Seyed Hossein Nozadi, Samuel Kadoury, The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Early identification of dementia in the early or late stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial for a timely diagnosis and slowing down the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positron emission tomography (PET) is considered a highly powerful diagnostic biomarker, but few approaches investigated the efficacy of focusing on localized PET-active areas for classification purposes. In this work, we propose a pipeline using learned features from semantically labelled PET images to perform group classification. A deformable multimodal PET-MRI registration method is employed to fuse an annotated MNI template to each patient-specific PET scan, generating a fully labelled volume from which 10 common regions of interest used for AD diagnosis are extracted. The method was evaluated on 660 subjects from the ADNI database, yielding a classification accuracy of 91.2% for AD versus NC when using random forests combining features from cross-sectional and follow-up exams. A considerable improvement in the early versus late MCI classification accuracy was achieved using FDG-PET compared to the AV-45 compound, yielding a 72.5% rate. The pipeline demonstrates the potential of exploiting longitudinal multiregion PET features to improve cognitive assessment.

早期识别轻度认知障碍(MCI)早期或晚期的痴呆症对于及时诊断和延缓阿尔茨海默病(AD)的进展至关重要。正电子发射断层扫描(PET)被认为是一种功能强大的诊断生物标志物,但很少有方法研究过将重点放在局部 PET 活跃区域进行分类的有效性。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种利用从语义标记的 PET 图像中学习到的特征来进行群体分类的方法。我们采用了一种可变形的多模态 PET-MRI 配准方法,将注释过的 MNI 模板融合到每个患者特定的 PET 扫描中,生成一个完全标记的体积,从中提取出 10 个用于诊断 AD 的常见感兴趣区。该方法在 ADNI 数据库的 660 名受试者身上进行了评估,当使用结合横断面和随访检查特征的随机森林时,AD 与 NC 的分类准确率为 91.2%。使用 FDG-PET 与 AV-45 复合物相比,早期 MCI 与晚期 MCI 的分类准确率有了显著提高,达到了 72.5%。该管道展示了利用纵向多区域 PET 特征改进认知评估的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Visual Information Presentation for Visual Prosthesis. 视觉义肢视觉信息呈现的优化。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-03-14 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3198342
Fei Guo, Yuan Yang, Yong Gao

Visual prosthesis applying electrical stimulation to restore visual function for the blind has promising prospects. However, due to the low resolution, limited visual field, and the low dynamic range of the visual perception, huge loss of information occurred when presenting daily scenes. The ability of object recognition in real-life scenarios is severely restricted for prosthetic users. To overcome the limitations, optimizing the visual information in the simulated prosthetic vision has been the focus of research. This paper proposes two image processing strategies based on a salient object detection technique. The two processing strategies enable the prosthetic implants to focus on the object of interest and suppress the background clutter. Psychophysical experiments show that techniques such as foreground zooming with background clutter removal and foreground edge detection with background reduction have positive impacts on the task of object recognition in simulated prosthetic vision. By using edge detection and zooming technique, the two processing strategies significantly improve the recognition accuracy of objects. We can conclude that the visual prosthesis using our proposed strategy can assist the blind to improve their ability to recognize objects. The results will provide effective solutions for the further development of visual prosthesis.

利用电刺激恢复盲人视觉功能的视觉假体具有广阔的应用前景。然而,由于分辨率低,视野有限,视觉感知的动态范围较低,在呈现日常场景时发生了巨大的信息丢失。在现实场景中,假肢使用者的物体识别能力受到严重限制。为了克服这些局限性,优化模拟假肢视觉中的视觉信息一直是研究的重点。本文提出了两种基于显著目标检测技术的图像处理策略。这两种处理策略使假体植入物能够聚焦于感兴趣的目标,并抑制背景杂波。心理物理实验表明,前景放大与背景杂波去除、前景边缘检测与背景还原等技术对模拟假肢视觉的目标识别任务有积极的影响。利用边缘检测和缩放技术,两种处理策略显著提高了目标的识别精度。我们可以得出结论,使用我们提出的策略的视觉假体可以帮助盲人提高他们识别物体的能力。研究结果将为视觉假体的进一步发展提供有效的解决方案。
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引用次数: 17
EBG Based Microstrip Patch Antenna for Brain Tumor Detection via Scattering Parameters in Microwave Imaging System. 微波成像系统中基于EBG的微带贴片天线散射参数检测脑肿瘤。
IF 7.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2018-02-12 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8241438
Reefat Inum, Md Masud Rana, Kamrun Nahar Shushama, Md Anwarul Quader

A microwave brain imaging system model is envisaged to detect and visualize tumor inside the human brain. A compact and efficient microstrip patch antenna is used in the imaging technique to transmit equivalent signal and receive backscattering signal from the stratified human head model. Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is incorporated on the antenna ground plane to enhance the performance. Rectangular and circular EBG structures are proposed to investigate the antenna performance. Incorporation of circular EBG on the antenna ground plane provides an improvement of 22.77% in return loss, 5.84% in impedance bandwidth, and 16.53% in antenna gain with respect to the patch antenna with rectangular EBG. The simulation results obtained from CST are compared to those obtained from HFSS to validate the design. Specific absorption rate (SAR) of the modeled head tissue for the proposed antenna is determined. Different SAR values are compared with the established standard SAR limit to provide a safety regulation of the imaging system. A monostatic radar-based confocal microwave imaging algorithm is applied to generate the image of tumor inside a six-layer human head phantom model. S-parameter signals obtained from circular EBG loaded patch antenna in different scanning modes are utilized in the imaging algorithm to effectively produce a high-resolution image which reliably indicates the presence of tumor inside human brain.

设想了一种微波脑成像系统模型,用于人脑内肿瘤的检测和可视化。成像技术采用紧凑高效的微带贴片天线,发射等效信号并接收分层人头模型的后向散射信号。为了提高天线的性能,在天线地平面上加入了电磁带隙结构。提出了矩形和圆形电子束结构来研究天线的性能。在天线地平面上加入圆形EBG,相对于采用矩形EBG的贴片天线,回波损耗提高22.77%,阻抗带宽提高5.84%,天线增益提高16.53%。将CST的仿真结果与HFSS的仿真结果进行了比较,验证了设计的正确性。确定了天线模型头部组织的比吸收率(SAR)。将不同的SAR值与建立的标准SAR限值进行比较,以提供成像系统的安全规范。采用基于单站雷达的共聚焦微波成像算法生成六层人体头部幻象模型内的肿瘤图像。成像算法利用圆形EBG加载贴片天线在不同扫描模式下获得的s参数信号,有效生成高分辨率图像,可靠地显示人脑内肿瘤的存在。
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引用次数: 44
期刊
International Journal of Biomedical Imaging
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