Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1177/09520767221140439
J. Cullingworth, R. Brunner, Nicholas Watson
Co-production is now an established part of public service delivery. Despite its popularity, there is only a limited understanding about how co-production works in practice, particularly with marginalised groups. This paper identifies and explores insights from three case studies of a successful co-productive approach in Glasgow, Scotland. Operation Modulus is a criminal justice initiative involving public and third sector partners in the co-production of services with marginalised young people to reduce their involvement in crime and antisocial behaviour. The data highlighted the importance of leadership, the role of public service professionals and the process of working with marginalised young people; these are explored, all within the context of the authorising environment created at the level of a collaborative governance body. The findings underscore, first, the importance of distributed leadership and process in developing trust amongst partners and in turn in the relationships of partners with young people. Second, the essential role of effective co-management amongst service providers in creating the requisite conditions for meaningful co-production with marginalised citizens. Third, the potential for and importance of shared management to facilitate changes in professional relationships and ways of working, even if these do not lead to organisational systems change. Fourth, the significance of public service professionals having the authority and agency to explore collaborative ways of working.
{"title":"Not the usual suspects: creating the conditions for and implementing co-production with marginalised young people in Glasgow","authors":"J. Cullingworth, R. Brunner, Nicholas Watson","doi":"10.1177/09520767221140439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767221140439","url":null,"abstract":"Co-production is now an established part of public service delivery. Despite its popularity, there is only a limited understanding about how co-production works in practice, particularly with marginalised groups. This paper identifies and explores insights from three case studies of a successful co-productive approach in Glasgow, Scotland. Operation Modulus is a criminal justice initiative involving public and third sector partners in the co-production of services with marginalised young people to reduce their involvement in crime and antisocial behaviour. The data highlighted the importance of leadership, the role of public service professionals and the process of working with marginalised young people; these are explored, all within the context of the authorising environment created at the level of a collaborative governance body. The findings underscore, first, the importance of distributed leadership and process in developing trust amongst partners and in turn in the relationships of partners with young people. Second, the essential role of effective co-management amongst service providers in creating the requisite conditions for meaningful co-production with marginalised citizens. Third, the potential for and importance of shared management to facilitate changes in professional relationships and ways of working, even if these do not lead to organisational systems change. Fourth, the significance of public service professionals having the authority and agency to explore collaborative ways of working.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44696433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1177/09520767221124368
Yanwei Li, Ying Cao
Governments’ preferences for governing non-profit organizations (NPOs) are a relevant but understudied issue for governance scholars. Using Q methodology, this study investigates Chinese government officials’ preferences for governing NPOs that deliver public services. We identified three government preferences: capable supervision, pragmatic engagement, and hands-off steering. We found different theoretical perspectives identified in the literature combine with one another to formulate these government preferences for governing NPOs. A key implication is that the Chinese state predominantly prefers the traditional public administration perspective, although it pragmatically borrows useful ingredients from other steering perspectives simultaneously. We recommend that governments, when governing NPOs, seriously address the configurations of governance strategies.
{"title":"Capable supervision, pragmatic engagement, and hands-off steering: Three preferences of Chinese government officials for governing non-profit organizations in public service delivery","authors":"Yanwei Li, Ying Cao","doi":"10.1177/09520767221124368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767221124368","url":null,"abstract":"Governments’ preferences for governing non-profit organizations (NPOs) are a relevant but understudied issue for governance scholars. Using Q methodology, this study investigates Chinese government officials’ preferences for governing NPOs that deliver public services. We identified three government preferences: capable supervision, pragmatic engagement, and hands-off steering. We found different theoretical perspectives identified in the literature combine with one another to formulate these government preferences for governing NPOs. A key implication is that the Chinese state predominantly prefers the traditional public administration perspective, although it pragmatically borrows useful ingredients from other steering perspectives simultaneously. We recommend that governments, when governing NPOs, seriously address the configurations of governance strategies.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48704811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1177/09520767221135686
Chesney Callens, J. Wynen, Jan Boon, K. Verhoest
Public service innovation involves a process of creative exploration of new ideas, knowledge and perspectives. The article poses that creative exploration emerges from the combination of a climate for creativity that is active inside the organization, and collaborations with diverse actors that are present outside the organization. We test the effect of these conditions on innovation using data from the Australian Public Service. Our findings demonstrate that both a climate for creativity and collaborative diversity are positively related to innovation, yet a tipping point exists at which the positive effects of collaborative diversity on innovation turn negative.
{"title":"Internal and external exploration for public service innovation–Measuring the impact of a climate for creativity and collaborative diversity on innovation","authors":"Chesney Callens, J. Wynen, Jan Boon, K. Verhoest","doi":"10.1177/09520767221135686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767221135686","url":null,"abstract":"Public service innovation involves a process of creative exploration of new ideas, knowledge and perspectives. The article poses that creative exploration emerges from the combination of a climate for creativity that is active inside the organization, and collaborations with diverse actors that are present outside the organization. We test the effect of these conditions on innovation using data from the Australian Public Service. Our findings demonstrate that both a climate for creativity and collaborative diversity are positively related to innovation, yet a tipping point exists at which the positive effects of collaborative diversity on innovation turn negative.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42484331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1177/09520767221134320
H. Dickinson, Sophie Yates, Shannon Dodd, F. Buick, C. Doyle
Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a substantial policy reform aiming to radically transform the design and delivery of disability services. Choice and control are key tenets of the scheme, however challenges and limitations exist with respect to inequities and difficulties posed by boundaries between the NDIS and mainstream services. People with disability who have been incarcerated are particularly at risk of experiencing these limitations. However there has been little academic exploration of these issues for this group. This paper explores whether NDIS services are readily accessible for people with disability who were formerly incarcerated, outlining some of the challenges this group encounters. The research is based on interviews with 28 stakeholders from government and non-government organisations that interact with and provide support or services to people with disability within the criminal justice system. Our findings confirm the importance of a functioning NDIS plan to help prevent some individuals encountering the criminal justice system, outlining several challenges that formerly incarcerated people with disability experience with the scheme. We conclude that ideas of choice and control are inhibited for some formerly incarcerated people with disability and highlight actions that can be taken regarding specialist support coordination, advocacy services and market stewardship to address these issues.
{"title":"“Most people don’t like a client group that tell you to get fucked”: Choice and control in Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme for formerly incarcerated people","authors":"H. Dickinson, Sophie Yates, Shannon Dodd, F. Buick, C. Doyle","doi":"10.1177/09520767221134320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767221134320","url":null,"abstract":"Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a substantial policy reform aiming to radically transform the design and delivery of disability services. Choice and control are key tenets of the scheme, however challenges and limitations exist with respect to inequities and difficulties posed by boundaries between the NDIS and mainstream services. People with disability who have been incarcerated are particularly at risk of experiencing these limitations. However there has been little academic exploration of these issues for this group. This paper explores whether NDIS services are readily accessible for people with disability who were formerly incarcerated, outlining some of the challenges this group encounters. The research is based on interviews with 28 stakeholders from government and non-government organisations that interact with and provide support or services to people with disability within the criminal justice system. Our findings confirm the importance of a functioning NDIS plan to help prevent some individuals encountering the criminal justice system, outlining several challenges that formerly incarcerated people with disability experience with the scheme. We conclude that ideas of choice and control are inhibited for some formerly incarcerated people with disability and highlight actions that can be taken regarding specialist support coordination, advocacy services and market stewardship to address these issues.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1177/09520767221122277
K. Broadhurst
Much has been written about co-production in mainstream services but less is known about its applicability to service users with severe and multiple disadvantages (SMD). Given the sometimes-precarious relationship between providers and users with SMD, the paper argues that co-production should not be approached in the same way as conventional user engagement because of the degree of marginalisation, stigma and exclusion users with SMD face. Through a thematic analysis of evidence systematically collated via a rapid evidence assessment, the author proposes a co-production framework comprising a series of organisational principles to create an enabling environment for co-production with vulnerable service users. The application of the model is encouraged across a range of sectors and settings so that all service users can become empowered participants in the design and delivery of services that affect their lives.
{"title":"Contextualising co-production and complex needs: Understanding the engagement of service users with severe and multiple disadvantages","authors":"K. Broadhurst","doi":"10.1177/09520767221122277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767221122277","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been written about co-production in mainstream services but less is known about its applicability to service users with severe and multiple disadvantages (SMD). Given the sometimes-precarious relationship between providers and users with SMD, the paper argues that co-production should not be approached in the same way as conventional user engagement because of the degree of marginalisation, stigma and exclusion users with SMD face. Through a thematic analysis of evidence systematically collated via a rapid evidence assessment, the author proposes a co-production framework comprising a series of organisational principles to create an enabling environment for co-production with vulnerable service users. The application of the model is encouraged across a range of sectors and settings so that all service users can become empowered participants in the design and delivery of services that affect their lives.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41508799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1177/09520767221129676
Jostein Askim, Tom Christensen
The article explains how the unprecedented pandemic management decision to lock down the country came about, using the case of Norway and drawing on unique interview material from political and administrative executives. Urgency and precaution were the government’s primary considerations in March 2020, with proportionality and due process only peripheral decision premises. Voices of moderation were drowned out at critical moments to pave the way for a lockdown. Moreover, Norway’s lockdown decision lacked distinct and official agency, with none of the key actors able to say precisely when, where and by whom this decision of unprecedented size and scope had been taken. An interpretation using Graham Allison’s analytical models shows that the rational policy model most accurately captures the case. The suggested implication is that when senior political executives take active control of an ultra-high-stakes process, decisions are unlikely to be the product of political resultants or organisational output.
{"title":"Crisis decision-making inside the core executive: Rationality, bureaucratic politics, standard procedures and the COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"Jostein Askim, Tom Christensen","doi":"10.1177/09520767221129676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767221129676","url":null,"abstract":"The article explains how the unprecedented pandemic management decision to lock down the country came about, using the case of Norway and drawing on unique interview material from political and administrative executives. Urgency and precaution were the government’s primary considerations in March 2020, with proportionality and due process only peripheral decision premises. Voices of moderation were drowned out at critical moments to pave the way for a lockdown. Moreover, Norway’s lockdown decision lacked distinct and official agency, with none of the key actors able to say precisely when, where and by whom this decision of unprecedented size and scope had been taken. An interpretation using Graham Allison’s analytical models shows that the rational policy model most accurately captures the case. The suggested implication is that when senior political executives take active control of an ultra-high-stakes process, decisions are unlikely to be the product of political resultants or organisational output.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41868102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.31750
Eimantė Zolubienė, Jurgita Jurkevičienė
Straipsnyje yra nagrinėjama politinio diskurso socialinių veikėjų reprezentacijų tema. Tyrimo autoriai socialines reprezentacijas suvokia kaip socialiai konstruojamas žinių formas, kuriomis remiantis individams yra siūloma interpretuoti tikrovę. Teorinėje straipsnio dalyje yra aptariami politinių problemų komunikacijos žiniasklaidoje bei diskurso veikėjų, kaip pamatinės diskurso sąlygos, klausimai. Likusioje straipsnio dalyje yra pristatomas internetinės naujienų žiniasklaidos tyrimo fragmentas, atskleidžiantis, kokios socialinių veikėjų reprezentacijos buvo kuriamos etatinio mokytojų darbo apmokėjimo reformą pristatančiame politiniame diskurse. Tyrimo duomenų analizė rodo, kad etatinio mokytojų darbo apmokėjimo reformos diskursas, kaip būdinga politinių problemų komunikacijai, tapo skirtingų socialinių grupių kovos lauku, per kurį apie planuotą ir įgyvendintą reformą buvo teikiama informacija visuomenei. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad valstybės ir valdžios institucijų atstovai bei profesinių sąjungų atstovaujami mokytojai buvo aktyviausiai diskurse veikusios socialinių veikėjų grupės. Pirmoji veikėjų kategorija aktyviai vykdė reformos populiarinimo kampaniją, antroji – siekė atkreipti dėmesį į reformos trūkumus, ragino ją tobulinti. Šių stovyklų konfrontacija nuolat lydėjo etatinio mokytojų darbo apmokėjimo reformos diskursą.
{"title":"Socialinių veikėjų reprezentacijos politinių problemų diskurse: etatinio mokytojų darbo apmokėjimo reformos atvejis","authors":"Eimantė Zolubienė, Jurgita Jurkevičienė","doi":"10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.31750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.31750","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje yra nagrinėjama politinio diskurso socialinių veikėjų reprezentacijų tema. Tyrimo autoriai socialines reprezentacijas suvokia kaip socialiai konstruojamas žinių formas, kuriomis remiantis individams yra siūloma interpretuoti tikrovę. Teorinėje straipsnio dalyje yra aptariami politinių problemų komunikacijos žiniasklaidoje bei diskurso veikėjų, kaip pamatinės diskurso sąlygos, klausimai. Likusioje straipsnio dalyje yra pristatomas internetinės naujienų žiniasklaidos tyrimo fragmentas, atskleidžiantis, kokios socialinių veikėjų reprezentacijos buvo kuriamos etatinio mokytojų darbo apmokėjimo reformą pristatančiame politiniame diskurse. Tyrimo duomenų analizė rodo, kad etatinio mokytojų darbo apmokėjimo reformos diskursas, kaip būdinga politinių problemų komunikacijai, tapo skirtingų socialinių grupių kovos lauku, per kurį apie planuotą ir įgyvendintą reformą buvo teikiama informacija visuomenei. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad valstybės ir valdžios institucijų atstovai bei profesinių sąjungų atstovaujami mokytojai buvo aktyviausiai diskurse veikusios socialinių veikėjų grupės. Pirmoji veikėjų kategorija aktyviai vykdė reformos populiarinimo kampaniją, antroji – siekė atkreipti dėmesį į reformos trūkumus, ragino ją tobulinti. Šių stovyklų konfrontacija nuolat lydėjo etatinio mokytojų darbo apmokėjimo reformos diskursą.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42147138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.31002
Rūta Mazgelytė
Ginkluotų konfliktų metu daroma žala ugdymo įstaigoms ir ugdymo procesui prisideda prie Vaiko teisių konvencijoje apibrėžtos vaiko teisės į išsilavinimą pažeidimų, nesudaromos lygios galimybės vaikams įgyti išsilavinimą, formuojasi sąlygos didėti atskirčiai. Net ir konfliktui pasibaigus švietimo sistema susiduria su iššūkiais. Šio straipsnio objektas – švietimo sistema pokonfliktiniuose kontekstuose. Straipsnyje apjungiamos autorių, aprašančių švietimo sistemos problemas pokonfliktiniuose kontekstuose, bei autorių, siūlančių prioritetų nustatymo loginį pagrindą, įžvalgos ir pateikiamas autorės adaptuotas galimas (teorinis) spręstinų švietimo iššūkių modelis. Straipsnio autorės siūlomas sprendinys, remiasi prielaida, kad pokonfliktiniuose kontekstuose veikiančios institucijos atsiduria kritiniame taške, kuriame atsiranda galimybė daryti pokyčius švietimo sistemoje. Prielaida formuluojama racionalaus pasirinkimo institucionalizmo idėjų kontekste. Rengiant straipsnį derinti dokumentinio tyrimo bei teorinio modeliavimo metodai.
{"title":"Feniksas: Pokonfliktinių kontekstų švietimo sistemos gaivinimo link","authors":"Rūta Mazgelytė","doi":"10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.31002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.31002","url":null,"abstract":"Ginkluotų konfliktų metu daroma žala ugdymo įstaigoms ir ugdymo procesui prisideda prie Vaiko teisių konvencijoje apibrėžtos vaiko teisės į išsilavinimą pažeidimų, nesudaromos lygios galimybės vaikams įgyti išsilavinimą, formuojasi sąlygos didėti atskirčiai. Net ir konfliktui pasibaigus švietimo sistema susiduria su iššūkiais. Šio straipsnio objektas – švietimo sistema pokonfliktiniuose kontekstuose. Straipsnyje apjungiamos autorių, aprašančių švietimo sistemos problemas pokonfliktiniuose kontekstuose, bei autorių, siūlančių prioritetų nustatymo loginį pagrindą, įžvalgos ir pateikiamas autorės adaptuotas galimas (teorinis) spręstinų švietimo iššūkių modelis. Straipsnio autorės siūlomas sprendinys, remiasi prielaida, kad pokonfliktiniuose kontekstuose veikiančios institucijos atsiduria kritiniame taške, kuriame atsiranda galimybė daryti pokyčius švietimo sistemoje. Prielaida formuluojama racionalaus pasirinkimo institucionalizmo idėjų kontekste. Rengiant straipsnį derinti dokumentinio tyrimo bei teorinio modeliavimo metodai.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42281531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.30574
Andrius Stasiukynas, Gintautė Žibėnienė, Dangis Gudelis, I. Žemaitaitytė
The article presents the results of a quantitative study. The aim of the article is to identify the factors motivating teachers of the Vilnius City Municipality to work. The questionnaire survey of Vilnius city teachers was conducted in April-May, 2020, using the electronic survey tool Qualtrics. Employees of the Vilnius City Municipality Administration distributed the link to the questionnaire to all teachers of the Vilnius city schools by e-mail. 1660 respondents started the questionnaire on this electronic platform, but after eliminating the incomplete questionnaires, a database of 873 respondents who answered all the questions of the questionnaire was created. The survey of teachers of Vilnius city educational institutions has shown that teachers are most motivated by the improvement of teachers' working conditions at school and the reduction of direct control as well as by personal recognition and ensuring favourable opportunities for professional development.
{"title":"Factors Increasing Teachers` Motivation: The Case of Vilnius City Municipality","authors":"Andrius Stasiukynas, Gintautė Žibėnienė, Dangis Gudelis, I. Žemaitaitytė","doi":"10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.30574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.30574","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a quantitative study. The aim of the article is to identify the factors motivating teachers of the Vilnius City Municipality to work. The questionnaire survey of Vilnius city teachers was conducted in April-May, 2020, using the electronic survey tool Qualtrics. Employees of the Vilnius City Municipality Administration distributed the link to the questionnaire to all teachers of the Vilnius city schools by e-mail. 1660 respondents started the questionnaire on this electronic platform, but after eliminating the incomplete questionnaires, a database of 873 respondents who answered all the questions of the questionnaire was created. The survey of teachers of Vilnius city educational institutions has shown that teachers are most motivated by the improvement of teachers' working conditions at school and the reduction of direct control as well as by personal recognition and ensuring favourable opportunities for professional development.","PeriodicalId":47076,"journal":{"name":"Public Policy and Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46455432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.30514
Jonė Vitkauskaitė-Ramanauskienė
Minkštosios tvaraus judumo priemonės gali padėti siekti klimato kaitos tikslų Lietuvos kontekste. Norėdami pateikti rekomendacijas apie efektyviausias priemones, tyrėjai kuria ir testuoja įvairaus masto ir tipo intervencijas. Kadangi Lietuvoje ši praktika nėra plačiai taikoma, minkštųjų tvaraus judumo priemonių plėtojimui ir taikymui Lietuvos kontekste naudinga remtis užsienio mokslininkų atliktais tyrimais. Literatūroje judumo elgsenos intervencijos dažnai klasifikuojamos pagal vidinį kintamąjį, į kurį jos yra nukreiptos. Kaip alternatyva šiame straipsnyje yra siūloma klasifikacija pagal sprendimų priėmimo procesą – sąmoningą ir automatinį. Teigiama, kad tokia klasifikacija leidžia išplėtoti įvairiapusiškesnes priemones. Siekiant palyginti skirtingų intervencijų efektyvumą, dažnai atliekama kiekybinė literatūros analizė. Tačiau minkštųjų judumo elgsenos intervencijų efektyvumą ir jį atspindinčius rodiklius dažnai lemia aplinkybės, kurių nepavyksta užfiksuoti kiekybiniais matavimais. Tai trukdo numatyti galimą tam tikros intervencijos pagrindu sukurtos priemonės poveikį skirtinguose kontekstuose. Todėl buvo atlikta dvidešimties minkštųjų judumo elgsenos intervencijų analizė, kurios metu kokybiškai išanalizuotas į abu sprendimų priėmimo procesus nukreiptų intervencijų efektyvumas ir identifikuoti jam įtakos turintys veiksniai. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad minkštųjų intervencijų efektyvumui įtakos turi socialinis ir infrastruktūrinis kontekstai, kuriuose buvo atliktas tyrimas, pradinė tyrimo dalyvių judumo elgsena, neseniai pasikeitusios jų gyvenimo aplinkybės ir teikiamos informacijos aktualumas, o intervencijos rezultatus lemia tai, kada buvo matuotas efektyvumas bei analizuojami kelionių tipai. Šie veiksniai apsunkina reikšmingą į skirtingus sprendimų priėmimo procesus nukreiptų intervencijų efektyvumo palyginimą. Vis dėlto tyrimo rezultatai pagrindžia teiginį, kad abiejų tipų priemonės yra reikalingos skatinant tvarią judumo elgseną, todėl turėtų būti taikomos kartu. Remiantis rezultatais pateikiamos rekomendacijos minkštosioms judumo elgsenos priemonėms plėtoti Lietuvos kontekste.
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