Targeting police resources at repeat demand may reduce overall demand. To effectively target resources at repetition requires repeat demand to be accurately measured in police data. Using domestic violence and abuse (DVA) as a case study of repeat demand, this study takes a deep dive into the data and information systems used by one police force to identify the key issues that prevent the effective measurement of repeat DVA-related demand. From observations of the police response to DVA and manual review of 325 DVA case files, four key issues are identified: (1) fragmented units of measurement across multiple information systems; (2) inconsistent recording of personal details; (3) multiple methods of identifying DVA; and (4) the embedding of information in free-text. This paper makes recommendations to improve the measurement of repeat demand in police data, with implications for police practitioners and researchers.
{"title":"Improving Police Data Collection to Measure Repeat Demand: A Focus on Domestic Violence and Abuse","authors":"Jessica H. Phoenix","doi":"10.1093/police/paad022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Targeting police resources at repeat demand may reduce overall demand. To effectively target resources at repetition requires repeat demand to be accurately measured in police data. Using domestic violence and abuse (DVA) as a case study of repeat demand, this study takes a deep dive into the data and information systems used by one police force to identify the key issues that prevent the effective measurement of repeat DVA-related demand. From observations of the police response to DVA and manual review of 325 DVA case files, four key issues are identified: (1) fragmented units of measurement across multiple information systems; (2) inconsistent recording of personal details; (3) multiple methods of identifying DVA; and (4) the embedding of information in free-text. This paper makes recommendations to improve the measurement of repeat demand in police data, with implications for police practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GonzálezYanilda María (2021). Authoritarian Police in Democracy: Contested Security in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-1-108-82074-5","authors":"Ketevan Bolkvadze","doi":"10.1093/police/paad036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48051063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyses the effects of three major police management reform programs on the perceived quality of police services in Finland. Downsizing in the early 2010s, and recovery of the number of personnel of the police towards the end of the 2010s, were notable over the police management reform years. The study is based on the analysis of three quality indicators from cross-sectional Police Citizen Surveys (1999–2020). We find that the reform period had a significant impact on the perceived quality of police services: negative in the early 2010s, and positive in the late 2010s. Respondents’ emergency response time estimates as well as perceived effectiveness of crime reporting deteriorated during the police management reform period. Since then, they have recovered. Policy-wise we conclude that in labor-intensive services such as policing management reform programs associated with downsizing constitute a real hazard, reducing, almost inevitably, the volume and the accessibility of services.
{"title":"Downsizing and recovery: Perceived quality of police services in Finland before, during, and after three major police management reform programs","authors":"Matti Vuorensyrjä","doi":"10.1093/police/paad053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study analyses the effects of three major police management reform programs on the perceived quality of police services in Finland. Downsizing in the early 2010s, and recovery of the number of personnel of the police towards the end of the 2010s, were notable over the police management reform years. The study is based on the analysis of three quality indicators from cross-sectional Police Citizen Surveys (1999–2020). We find that the reform period had a significant impact on the perceived quality of police services: negative in the early 2010s, and positive in the late 2010s. Respondents’ emergency response time estimates as well as perceived effectiveness of crime reporting deteriorated during the police management reform period. Since then, they have recovered. Policy-wise we conclude that in labor-intensive services such as policing management reform programs associated with downsizing constitute a real hazard, reducing, almost inevitably, the volume and the accessibility of services.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46168892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer D. Wood, Elizabeth R. Groff, Dijonée Talley
This study mined officers’ perspectives on whether body-worn cameras (BWCs) could change the behaviour of citizens and police. Officers reinforced themes from prior studies on the professionalizing effect of BWCs, the potential for passivity, and the concern with ‘second-guessing’. Officers also stressed the theme of ‘it depends’, where behaviour change is contingent on the citizen, the situation, and the officer. Findings resonated with the concept of police encounters as two-way social interactions and related insights from regulation scholarship on ‘motivational posturing’. Results underscore the need for more observational studies (including ethnographies and systematic social observations) that identify the variety of encounters and settings where BWC activation might alter behavioural norms and encounter dynamics. Relatedly, BWC footage could be mined to inform reviews of everyday police work that identify the unique ways in which BWC activation could be leveraged to change behaviour in a variety of situations with different posturing dynamics. Policymakers should emphasize the complexity of the implementation environments surrounding the uptake of BWCs and other technology, with a view to encouraging research that measures the many dimensions of officers’ perceptions. Understanding the place and role of BWCs within the contexts of officers’ holistic experiences should help policymakers understand both the limits and potential of cameras to change everyday policing.
{"title":"‘It depends’: Officer insights on the potential for body-worn cameras to change police and citizen behaviour","authors":"Jennifer D. Wood, Elizabeth R. Groff, Dijonée Talley","doi":"10.1093/police/paad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study mined officers’ perspectives on whether body-worn cameras (BWCs) could change the behaviour of citizens and police. Officers reinforced themes from prior studies on the professionalizing effect of BWCs, the potential for passivity, and the concern with ‘second-guessing’. Officers also stressed the theme of ‘it depends’, where behaviour change is contingent on the citizen, the situation, and the officer. Findings resonated with the concept of police encounters as two-way social interactions and related insights from regulation scholarship on ‘motivational posturing’. Results underscore the need for more observational studies (including ethnographies and systematic social observations) that identify the variety of encounters and settings where BWC activation might alter behavioural norms and encounter dynamics. Relatedly, BWC footage could be mined to inform reviews of everyday police work that identify the unique ways in which BWC activation could be leveraged to change behaviour in a variety of situations with different posturing dynamics. Policymakers should emphasize the complexity of the implementation environments surrounding the uptake of BWCs and other technology, with a view to encouraging research that measures the many dimensions of officers’ perceptions. Understanding the place and role of BWCs within the contexts of officers’ holistic experiences should help policymakers understand both the limits and potential of cameras to change everyday policing.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Kim J Mitchell, Jennifer E O’Brien
Abstract The current study aims to examine the sexual posttraumatic stress symptoms (sexual PTSS) among investigators of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Previous findings indicated that sexual PTSS has a unique impact on mental health and well-being compared with traditional PTSS, highlighting a gap in the literature on how exposure to CSAM affects investigators, including their sexual lives. This study sought to fill this gap by examining the sexual PTSS of CSAM investigators. The sample included 500 participants (61% male and 37.4% female) who were police investigators, forensic examiners, and others connected with the criminal justice system across the USA. Participants answered questions about their CSAM exposure and mental health (depression, anxiety, PTSS, and sexual PTSS). The study found that the content of CSAM, mental health symptomatology, being a female investigator, and live streaming of CSAM were associated with increased sexual PTSS. The results suggest that viewing CSAM may affect the sexual response of some investigators and that certain aspects of the job may increase the risk of sexual PTSS. The study highlights the need for wellness programs to provide support related to the possible effects of CSAM on investigators’ sexual response.
{"title":"Sexual posttraumatic stress among investigators of child sexual abuse material","authors":"Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Kim J Mitchell, Jennifer E O’Brien","doi":"10.1093/police/paad052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study aims to examine the sexual posttraumatic stress symptoms (sexual PTSS) among investigators of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Previous findings indicated that sexual PTSS has a unique impact on mental health and well-being compared with traditional PTSS, highlighting a gap in the literature on how exposure to CSAM affects investigators, including their sexual lives. This study sought to fill this gap by examining the sexual PTSS of CSAM investigators. The sample included 500 participants (61% male and 37.4% female) who were police investigators, forensic examiners, and others connected with the criminal justice system across the USA. Participants answered questions about their CSAM exposure and mental health (depression, anxiety, PTSS, and sexual PTSS). The study found that the content of CSAM, mental health symptomatology, being a female investigator, and live streaming of CSAM were associated with increased sexual PTSS. The results suggest that viewing CSAM may affect the sexual response of some investigators and that certain aspects of the job may increase the risk of sexual PTSS. The study highlights the need for wellness programs to provide support related to the possible effects of CSAM on investigators’ sexual response.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"شرطة أبو ظبي ... رؤية حديثة تواكب التطور واستشراف المستقبل","authors":"فارس خلف المزروعي","doi":"10.1093/police/paac087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134884372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Using the Job Demands-Resources model, we examined the differences between 365 police leaders and a matched follower sample (n = 365) in job demands, resources, and mental health as well as the prediction of demands and resources on two mental health outcomes. Leaders experienced a greater level of job satisfaction than followers but had also more quantitative demands and work privacy conflicts. Resources were also higher in leaders, except for autonomy over breaks and holidays which was scored lower. Work privacy conflicts and possibilities of development were shown by regression analyses to predict exhaustion and job satisfaction. Similarly, quantitative demands predicted exhaustion whereas predictability of work, autonomy over breaks and holidays, quality of leadership and recognition led to job satisfaction. The study provides valuable information for the promotion of mental health among leaders in the police.
{"title":"Mental health of police leaders: Differences and predictions of job demands and resources","authors":"Amelie Krause, Katja Schleicher, Birte Dohnke","doi":"10.1093/police/paad043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using the Job Demands-Resources model, we examined the differences between 365 police leaders and a matched follower sample (n = 365) in job demands, resources, and mental health as well as the prediction of demands and resources on two mental health outcomes. Leaders experienced a greater level of job satisfaction than followers but had also more quantitative demands and work privacy conflicts. Resources were also higher in leaders, except for autonomy over breaks and holidays which was scored lower. Work privacy conflicts and possibilities of development were shown by regression analyses to predict exhaustion and job satisfaction. Similarly, quantitative demands predicted exhaustion whereas predictability of work, autonomy over breaks and holidays, quality of leadership and recognition led to job satisfaction. The study provides valuable information for the promotion of mental health among leaders in the police.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
University and campus public safety departments deal with a wide range of planned events and incidents from felonious crimes, chemical spills, and other emergent incidents to routine activities that require consistent reviews like commencement ceremonies. After-Action reviews (AARs) are a standard process in several industries including public safety, yet there is little empirical research when it comes to how AARs are applied to campus public safety entities and their outcomes. The Indiana University Public Safety Department (IUPS) reviewed 153 AAR reports, from 2017 through 2020, across seven Indiana University campuses and two academic centres. We highlight the key empirical findings from that review and how they influenced policy and practice at IUPS. We also highlight the role of the researcher–practitioner partnership in the process. We present lessons learned from the project along with suggestions for agencies interested in implementing a robust AAR process.
{"title":"After-Action Reviews and the Big Black Hole of Improvement Processes","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/police/paac105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 University and campus public safety departments deal with a wide range of planned events and incidents from felonious crimes, chemical spills, and other emergent incidents to routine activities that require consistent reviews like commencement ceremonies. After-Action reviews (AARs) are a standard process in several industries including public safety, yet there is little empirical research when it comes to how AARs are applied to campus public safety entities and their outcomes. The Indiana University Public Safety Department (IUPS) reviewed 153 AAR reports, from 2017 through 2020, across seven Indiana University campuses and two academic centres. We highlight the key empirical findings from that review and how they influenced policy and practice at IUPS. We also highlight the role of the researcher–practitioner partnership in the process. We present lessons learned from the project along with suggestions for agencies interested in implementing a robust AAR process.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42238803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examines the role of the Hellenic Police during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In particular, based on data available through various sources, it will attempt to describe how the Hellenic Police dealt with what was unanimously described as an “unprecedented crisis” at a global level. In order to so, it will endorse a bi-fold approach. Firstly, we will seek to identify the policies and strategies implemented by the Hellenic Police during the COVID-19 crisis; Secondly, we will attempt to assess the effectiveness of these strategies and identify whether this affected the relationship between the Police and the public. Although our analysis indicated that the Hellenic Police played an important role in protecting the public from the effects of the pandemic, there is a lack of consistent and comprehensive data regarding citizens’ views of police legitimacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study concludes that more studies should focus on the effect of COVID-19 on the citizens’ trust in the police as a government institution that during the COVID-19 era was in charge of enforcing a number of policies and strategies that were far from pleasant.
{"title":"Policing the world’s oldest democracy during the pandemic","authors":"N. Petropoulos","doi":"10.1093/police/paac085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac085","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study examines the role of the Hellenic Police during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In particular, based on data available through various sources, it will attempt to describe how the Hellenic Police dealt with what was unanimously described as an “unprecedented crisis” at a global level. In order to so, it will endorse a bi-fold approach. Firstly, we will seek to identify the policies and strategies implemented by the Hellenic Police during the COVID-19 crisis; Secondly, we will attempt to assess the effectiveness of these strategies and identify whether this affected the relationship between the Police and the public. Although our analysis indicated that the Hellenic Police played an important role in protecting the public from the effects of the pandemic, there is a lack of consistent and comprehensive data regarding citizens’ views of police legitimacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study concludes that more studies should focus on the effect of COVID-19 on the citizens’ trust in the police as a government institution that during the COVID-19 era was in charge of enforcing a number of policies and strategies that were far from pleasant.","PeriodicalId":47186,"journal":{"name":"Policing-A Journal of Policy and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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