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Human-AI agency in the age of generative AI 生成式人工智能时代的人类-人工智能代理

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2025.100560

Sebastian Krakowski

The rapid emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is profoundly transforming the nature of work and organizations, challenging prevalent views of AI as primarily enabling prediction and optimization. This paper argues that GenAI represents a qualitative shift that necessitates a fundamental reassessment of AI's role in management and organizations. By identifying and analyzing four critical dimensions (i) GenAI's broad applicability as a general-purpose technology; (ii) its ability to catalyze exploratory and combinatorial innovation; (iii) its capacity to enhance cognitive diversity and decision-making; and (iv) its democratizing effect on AI adoption and value creation the paper highlights GenAI's potential to augment and scale human creativity, learning, and innovation. Building on insights from the AI and management literature, as well as on theory of human-AI agency, the paper develops a novel perspective that challenges the dominant efficiency-oriented narrative. It proposes that a human-complementary approach to GenAI development and implementation, leveraging it as a generative catalyst for exploration, can enable radically increased creativity, innovation, and growth. GenAI's democratizing aspects can amplify these mechanisms, promoting widely shared growth when combined with appropriate policy and managerial choices. Implications for theory, practice, and future research directions are discussed, drawing attention to the need for approaches in GenAI development and deployment that are complementary rather than competitive to human beings. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical, practical, and policy implications of this transformative technology. It outlines future research directions, emphasizing the critical role of human agency in determining the organizational, societal, and ethical outcomes associated with AI adoption and implementation.

生成式人工智能（GenAI）的迅速出现正在深刻地改变工作和组织的性质，挑战了人工智能主要是实现预测和优化的流行观点。本文认为，GenAI代表了一种质的转变，需要对人工智能在管理和组织中的作用进行根本性的重新评估。通过确定和分析四个关键方面(i)基因人工智能作为一种通用技术的广泛适用性；（二）促进探索性和组合性创新的能力；（三）增强认知多样性和决策能力；（iv）对人工智能采用和价值创造的民主化影响。本文强调了GenAI在增强和扩大人类创造力、学习和创新方面的潜力。基于人工智能和管理文献的见解，以及人类-人工智能代理理论，本文提出了一个新的视角，挑战了以效率为导向的主流叙事。它提出了一种人类互补的方法来开发和实施GenAI，利用它作为探索的生成催化剂，可以从根本上提高创造力、创新和增长。GenAI的民主化方面可以扩大这些机制，在与适当的政策和管理选择相结合的情况下促进广泛共享的增长。讨论了对理论、实践和未来研究方向的影响，并提请注意需要与人类互补而不是竞争的GenAI开发和部署方法。本文最后讨论了这一变革性技术的理论、实践和政策含义。它概述了未来的研究方向，强调了人类在决定与人工智能采用和实施相关的组织、社会和伦理结果方面的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Digital innovation, platforms, and global strategy 数字创新、平台和全球战略

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2025.100562

Danielle Logue , Peter Williamson , Anna Roberts , Yadong Luo , Michael Barrett

引用次数: 0

I gotta use words when I talk to you: Primed suspension of disbelief in views on agency in relation to Artificial Intelligence 当我跟你说话的时候，我必须用这个词：对与人工智能有关的代理机构的观点的启动暂停怀疑

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2025.100557

Matthew Jones

The public launch of generative AI systems in 2022 has prompted considerable popular interest in their potential to transform work and to achieve the long-sought goal of machine intelligence. While the uncanny abilities of Large Language Models to produce fluent text on almost any subject lends these ideas some plausibility, they are based on debatable, if not erroneous, claims about the capabilities of generative AI. Although rarely presented in these terms, these claims may be seen to reflect a limited, substantive conception of the agency of AI systems. Alternative conceptualisations of agency from other disciplines are presented that may offer potentially more fruitful ways of thinking about agency in relation to AI. The way that conceptions of the agency of AI systems is shaped by the language used to describe their behaviour is highlighted and opportunities for alternative conceptions of agency to inform a more critical analysis of generative AI are identified.

生成式人工智能系统将于2022年公开推出，这引起了人们对其改变工作方式和实现机器智能这一长期目标的潜力的极大兴趣。尽管大型语言模型在几乎任何主题上都能生成流畅的文本，这种不可思议的能力为这些想法提供了一些合理性，但它们是基于对生成式人工智能能力的有争议（如果不是错误的话）的主张。虽然很少以这些术语呈现，但这些主张可能被视为反映了人工智能系统代理的有限的、实质性的概念。来自其他学科的代理的替代概念可能提供潜在的更富有成效的方式来思考与人工智能相关的代理。AI系统的代理概念是由用于描述其行为的语言塑造的，并指出了代理替代概念的机会，以告知对生成AI的更批判性分析。

引用次数: 0

Novice risk work: How juniors coaching seniors on emerging technologies such as generative AI can lead to learning failures 新手风险工作：初中生如何指导高年级学生学习新兴技术，如生成式人工智能，可能导致学习失败

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2025.100559

Katherine C. Kellogg , Hila Lifshitz , Steven Randazzo , Ethan Mollick , Fabrizio Dell'Acqua , Edward McFowland III , François Candelon , Karim R. Lakhani

Historically, junior professionals have mentored senior professionals around new technologies, because juniors are typically more willing than seniors to perform lower-level tasks to learn new skills, better able than seniors to engage in real-time experimentation close to the work itself, and more willing than seniors to learn innovative methods that conflict with traditional identities and norms. However, we know little about what happens when emerging technologies have a high level of uncertainty in their use, because they have wide-ranging capabilities and are exponentially changing. With the rise of Artificial Intelligence, specifically learning algorithms and LLMs, such contexts may be increasingly common. In our study conducted with the Boston Consulting Group, a global management consulting firm, we interviewed 78 junior consultants in July–August 2023 who had recently participated in a field experiment that gave them access for the first time to generative AI (GPT-4) for a strategic business problem solving task. Drawing from junior professionals' in situ reflections soon after the experiment, we found that junior professionals may fail to manage risks around uncertain emerging technologies because juniors are likely to recommend three kinds of novice risk work tactics that: 1) are grounded in a lack of deep understanding of technologies that have uncertain and wide-ranging capabilities and are changing exponentially, 2) focus on change to human routines rather than system design, and 3) focus on interventions at the project-level rather than system deployer- or ecosystem-level. The implications of novice risk work are that, when junior professionals are expected to be a source of expertise in the use of uncertain, emerging technologies, this can lead to learning failures. This study contributes to our understanding of occupational learning around emerging technologies, risk work in organizations, and human-computer interaction.

从历史上看，初级专业人员会在新技术方面指导高级专业人员，因为初级专业人员通常比老年人更愿意执行较低层次的任务来学习新技能，比老年人更能参与接近工作本身的实时实验，比老年人更愿意学习与传统身份和规范相冲突的创新方法。然而，当新兴技术在使用中具有高度不确定性时会发生什么，我们知之甚少，因为它们具有广泛的功能并且呈指数级变化。随着人工智能的兴起，特别是学习算法和法学硕士的兴起，这种情况可能会越来越普遍。在我们与波士顿咨询集团（一家全球管理咨询公司）进行的研究中，我们在2023年7月至8月采访了78名初级顾问，他们最近参加了一项现场实验，该实验使他们首次使用生成式人工智能（GPT-4）来解决战略业务问题。从初级专业人员在实验后的现场反思中，我们发现初级专业人员可能无法管理不确定新兴技术的风险，因为初级专业人员可能会推荐三种新手风险工作策略：1)基于缺乏对技术的深刻理解，这些技术具有不确定性和广泛的能力，并且正在呈指数级变化；2)关注对人类常规的改变，而不是系统设计；3)关注项目级别的干预，而不是系统部署者或生态系统级别的干预。新手风险工作的含义是，当初级专业人员被期望成为使用不确定的新兴技术的专业知识来源时，这可能导致学习失败。本研究有助于我们理解围绕新兴技术、组织风险工作和人机交互的职业学习。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring AI-in-the-making: Sociomaterial genealogies of AI performativity 探索人工智能在制造：人工智能性能的社会材料谱系

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2025.100558

Susan V. Scott , Wanda J. Orlikowski

Recent interest in artificial intelligence technologies has led to much discussion about what the age of AI portends for how we live and work. And specifically for the present discussion, what it means for agency. In offering our contributions to these considerations, we build on approaches to treat AI not as a “thing” but as phenomena in-the-making. Such a framing orients us to doings, to practices, to enactments, and consequential outcomes. These considerations of AI-in-the-making are inspired by agential realism, a theory that calls attention to performativity and accountability. Based on these ideas, we propose a sociomaterial genealogical approach that we suggest is well-suited for the study of AI-in-the-making. In so doing, we provide qualitative scholars with a way of orienting their inquiries toward the performativity of ongoing AI reconfigurations and sociomaterial accountabilities.

最近人们对人工智能技术的兴趣引发了很多关于人工智能时代对我们生活和工作方式的预示的讨论。特别是对于目前的讨论，它对代理意味着什么。在提供我们对这些考虑的贡献时，我们建立的方法不是将人工智能视为“事物”，而是将其视为正在形成的现象。这样的框架引导我们去做，去实践，去制定，和相应的结果。这些关于人工智能的考虑受到代理现实主义的启发，代理现实主义是一种关注性能和问责制的理论。基于这些想法，我们提出了一种社会物质谱系方法，我们认为这种方法非常适合研究人工智能。通过这样做，我们为定性学者提供了一种方法，可以将他们的调查导向正在进行的人工智能重新配置和社会物质责任的性能。

引用次数: 0

Factors influencing platform owners’ seller control choices in E-marketplaces 影响电子市场平台所有者卖家控制选择的因素

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2025.100555

Shraddha Danani , Abhishek Behl , Nakul Gupta

Operating as micro-economies, electronic marketplace (EM) platforms connect numerous consumers and sellers and facilitate value-creating interactions. However, EM platform providers (platform owners)/ have limited authority over independent sellers, who often connect with several platforms, referred to as multihoming behaviors. An effective control portfolio serves as a crucial tool for owners to influence sellers' actions in alignment with the goals of the EM platform. For a control portfolio to be effective, it must be aligned with the prevailing contextual factors. This paper investigates the key antecedent factors that influence the control choices made by EM platform owners. By probing what factors guide EM platform owners in selecting specific control modes in this multi-case study, this research extends control theory into the relatively unexplored context of EM. The study identifies seven antecedent factors influencing owners' control mode choices: task programmability, outcome measurability, behavior observability, interdependencies, uncertain controlee motivations, internalization of controller objectives, and reciprocity norms. Based on these findings, the paper proposes explanations for the prominence of formal controls and the selective inclusion of informal control mechanisms in EM seller control portfolios, offering insights for practitioners and future research. The study findings help EM platform owners create a balanced portfolio of contextually appropriate control mechanisms.

作为微观经济，电子市场（EM）平台连接了众多的消费者和卖家，促进了价值创造的互动。然而，新兴市场平台提供商（平台所有者）对独立卖家的权力有限，这些卖家通常连接多个平台，被称为多归属行为。有效的控制组合是所有者影响卖家行动以符合新兴市场平台目标的关键工具。为了使控制组合有效，它必须与流行的上下文因素保持一致。本文研究了影响EM平台所有者控制选择的关键前因因素。通过探究是什么因素引导了EM平台所有者选择特定的控制模式，本研究将控制理论扩展到EM相对未被探索的背景中。该研究确定了影响所有者控制模式选择的七个先行因素：任务可编程性、结果可测量性、行为可观察性、相互依赖性、不确定控制动机、控制器目标内部化和互惠规范。基于这些发现，本文提出了正式控制的重要性以及在新兴市场卖方控制组合中选择性地纳入非正式控制机制的解释，为从业者和未来的研究提供了见解。研究结果有助于新兴市场平台所有者创建一个平衡的组合，其中包括适合上下文的控制机制。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The impact of platform business models on the valuations of unicorn companies” [Information and Organization 34 (2024)] “平台商业模式对独角兽公司估值的影响”更正[Information and Organization 34 (2024)]

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2025.100556

Michael A. Cusumano , Annabelle Gawer , David B. Yoffie , Sarah von Bargen , Kwesi Acquay

引用次数: 0

Leveraging temporary teams for international opportunity creation on digital platforms 利用临时团队在数字平台上创造国际机会

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100554

Kateryna Kryzhanivska, Teemu Tuomisalo, Kirsimarja Blomqvist, Olli Kuivalainen

Companies worldwide increasingly leverage digital platforms to sell, innovate, and collaborate. Despite the global pool of resources available on digital platforms and the known benefits of information, knowledge, and networking, the international entrepreneurship literature has accorded limited attention to the role of time, temporality, and digital context in international opportunity creation. Drawing on action research from a longitudinal case study, we investigate how digital international opportunity (IO) creation unfolds on an online community platform engaging relevant knowledgeable experts. We explore the early stage of internationalization of a Finnish startup with innovative technology searching for ways to access international markets during the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this research we present a two-cycle process model explaining how IO creation occurs in a digital context and a short period of time. We show how a set of actions and their related mechanisms enable IO creation through digital platforms. Our study advances understandings of IO creation and role of digital platforms in international entrepreneurship by illuminating how early internationalizing firms engage in the creation of international opportunities online.

世界各地的公司越来越多地利用数字平台进行销售、创新和合作。尽管数字平台上的全球资源库以及信息、知识和网络的已知好处，但国际创业文献对时间、时间性和数字背景在国际机会创造中的作用给予了有限的关注。通过纵向案例研究中的行动研究，我们调查了数字国际机会（IO）创造如何在一个有相关知识专家参与的在线社区平台上展开。我们探讨了一家芬兰初创公司在全球新冠肺炎疫情爆发期间寻求进入国际市场的创新技术的国际化早期阶段。基于这项研究，我们提出了一个双周期过程模型，解释了IO创建如何在数字环境和短时间内发生。我们展示了一组操作及其相关机制如何通过数字平台实现IO创建。我们的研究通过阐明早期国际化公司如何参与在线国际机会的创造，促进了对国际创业中IO创造和数字平台作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Agency 机构

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100553

Theodore R. Schatzki

This essay urges researchers to respect differences among the agencies of different kinds of entities as well as among types of “distributed agency” understood as the agentic character of combinations of entities and events. In opposition, moreover, to the strong approach to sociomateriality in IS, the essay holds that most nexuses to which human people are integral aggregate the different agencies of the entities and events that compose them. The essay develops these theses by carefully sorting out different conceptions of agency and by both disambiguating and exploring four prominent claims contained in the idea that agency is tied to combinations of entities and events. Sorting out different conceptions of agency also shows that agency is causality, that is, particular forms of causality. The overall result is a defense of the integrity of the concept of agency as a reflection of the noun-verb structure of human languages.

本文敦促研究者尊重不同类型实体的代理之间的差异，以及被理解为实体和事件组合的代理特征的“分布式代理”类型之间的差异。此外，与IS中对社会物质性的强烈态度相反，本文认为，人类作为整体的大多数纽带聚集了构成它们的实体和事件的不同机构。本文通过仔细整理代理的不同概念，并通过消除歧义和探索代理与实体和事件的组合相关联这一观点中包含的四个重要主张，来发展这些论点。对不同的代理概念的梳理也表明，代理就是因果关系，即因果关系的特定形式。总体结果是对代理概念作为人类语言名动结构反映的完整性的辩护。

引用次数: 0

Digital innovation sourcing through entrepreneurial storytelling: Insights from Pebble time's crowdfunding success 通过创业故事寻找数字创新来源：来自Pebble time众筹成功的见解

IF 5.7 2区管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE

Information and Organization

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100552

Vasili Mankevich , Sanja Tumbas , Jonny Holmström

Digital innovation is an open collaborative process that involves many contributors for creating digital products and services. Entrepreneurs continuously engage with various external actors during their venture's lifecycle, utilizing these interactions to source opportunities, knowledge and resources, while shaping the project vision. However, the mechanisms governing digital innovation sourcing remain unclear. This paper proposes an entrepreneurial storytelling perspective to bridge this gap. We study the case of digital innovation sourcing by analyzing the crowdfunding story of Pebble Time, the most successful Kickstarter campaign to date. Using digital archival sources, we trace Pebble's approach over the course of the campaign. Our findings contribute to the digital innovation literature by demonstrating how the company's efforts allowed diverse actors to participate collectively and affect the entrepreneurial story over time. We identify four modes of actions that digital ventures employ in the collective construction of entrepreneurial narratives: nudging, pushing, scanning, and highlighting. We suggest that the modes of digital action enable digital innovation sourcing when crafting a compelling narrative in the digital age.

数字创新是一个开放的协作过程，涉及许多贡献者创造数字产品和服务。在企业的生命周期中，企业家不断地与各种外部参与者接触，利用这些互动来获取机会、知识和资源，同时塑造项目愿景。然而，管理数字创新来源的机制仍不清楚。本文提出了一个企业家讲故事的视角来弥合这一差距。我们通过分析Pebble Time（迄今为止最成功的Kickstarter活动）的众筹故事，来研究数字创新来源的案例。利用数字档案资源，我们追溯了Pebble在整个竞选过程中的做法。我们的研究结果通过展示公司的努力如何使不同的参与者集体参与并随着时间的推移影响创业故事，为数字创新文献做出了贡献。我们确定了数字企业在创业叙事的集体构建中采用的四种行动模式：轻推、推动、扫描和突出。我们建议，在数字时代，数字行动模式能够在制作引人注目的叙述时实现数字创新。

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