首页 > 最新文献

Information and Organization最新文献

英文 中文
Human-AI joint task performance: Learning from uncertainty in autonomous driving systems 人类与人工智能联合执行任务:从自动驾驶系统的不确定性中学习
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100502
Panos Constantinides , Eric Monteiro , Lars Mathiassen

High uncertainty tasks such as making a medical diagnosis, judging a criminal justice case and driving in a big city have a very low margin for error because of the potentially devastating consequences for human lives. In this paper, we focus on how humans learn from uncertainty while performing a high uncertainty task with AI systems. We analyze Tesla's autonomous driving systems (ADS), a type of AI system, drawing on crash investigation reports, published reports on formal simulation tests and YouTube recordings of informal simulation tests by amateur drivers. Our empirical analysis provides insights into how varied levels of uncertainty tolerance have implications for how humans learn from uncertainty in real-time and over time to jointly perform the driving task with Tesla's ADS. Our core contribution is a theoretical model that explains human-AI joint task performance. Specifically, we show that, the interdependencies between different modes of AI use including uncontrolled automation, limited automation, expanded automation, and controlled automation are dynamically shaped through humans' learning from uncertainty. We discuss how humans move between these modes of AI use by increasing, reducing, or reinforcing their uncertainty tolerance. We conclude by discussing implications for the design of AI systems, policy into delegation in joint task performance, as well as the use of data to improve learning from uncertainty.

高不确定性任务,如医疗诊断、刑事司法案件判决以及在大城市中驾驶,由于可能对人类生命造成毁灭性后果,因此出错的可能性非常低。在本文中,我们将重点研究人类在使用人工智能系统执行高不确定性任务时如何从不确定性中学习。我们分析了特斯拉的自动驾驶系统(ADS),这是人工智能系统的一种类型,我们参考了碰撞调查报告、正式模拟测试的公开报告以及业余驾驶员在 YouTube 上进行非正式模拟测试的录像。我们的实证分析深入揭示了不同程度的不确定性容忍度如何影响人类如何实时并随着时间的推移从不确定性中学习,从而与特斯拉自动驾驶系统共同完成驾驶任务。我们的核心贡献是建立了一个理论模型,用于解释人类与人工智能联合执行任务的情况。具体来说,我们表明,人工智能的不同使用模式(包括不受控自动化、有限自动化、扩展自动化和受控自动化)之间的相互依存关系是通过人类从不确定性中学习而动态形成的。我们将讨论人类如何通过提高、降低或加强其对不确定性的容忍度,在这些人工智能使用模式之间进行转换。最后,我们将讨论对人工智能系统设计、联合任务执行中的授权政策以及利用数据改善从不确定性中学习的影响。
{"title":"Human-AI joint task performance: Learning from uncertainty in autonomous driving systems","authors":"Panos Constantinides ,&nbsp;Eric Monteiro ,&nbsp;Lars Mathiassen","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High uncertainty tasks such as making a medical diagnosis, judging a criminal justice case and driving in a big city have a very low margin for error because of the potentially devastating consequences for human lives<em>.</em> In this paper, we focus on how humans learn from uncertainty while performing a high uncertainty task with AI systems. We analyze Tesla's autonomous driving systems (ADS), a type of AI system, drawing on crash investigation reports, published reports on formal simulation tests and YouTube recordings of informal simulation tests by amateur drivers. Our empirical analysis provides insights into how varied levels of uncertainty tolerance have implications for how humans learn from uncertainty in real-time and over time to jointly perform the driving task with Tesla's ADS. Our core contribution is a theoretical model that explains human-AI joint task performance. Specifically, we show that, the interdependencies between different modes of AI use including <em>uncontrolled automation</em>, <em>limited automation</em>, <em>expanded automation</em>, and <em>controlled automation</em> are dynamically shaped through humans' learning from uncertainty. We discuss how humans move between these modes of AI use by increasing, reducing, or reinforcing their uncertainty tolerance. We conclude by discussing implications for the design of AI systems, policy into delegation in joint task performance, as well as the use of data to improve learning from uncertainty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471772724000022/pdfft?md5=aa15c890f5d2c514a3e18cf7ce241793&pid=1-s2.0-S1471772724000022-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139644473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catch me if you can: A simulation model of the internationalization of digital platforms 如果可以,请抓住我:数字平台国际化的模拟模型
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100501
Esteban García-Canal , Mauro F. Guillén , Borja Ponte

Digital platforms have grown rapidly by facilitating connections among users to exchange products, services, or information. However, very few platforms have a truly global footprint given that factors such as competition, imitation, innovation, and cultural and political barriers hamper a digital platform's international growth path. The geographical scope of network effects plays a crucial role in this process, impacting users at various levels from the local to the global. We model the dynamics of international platform competition and predict its outcomes in terms of global potential market percentage through a simulation of the international growth of a two-sided platform in competition with two follower platforms in different locations (home/abroad) and different internationalization strategies (gradual/accelerated), and operating under different network effects (local/global). The model contemplates different delays in the launching of the rival platforms and different degrees of innovation (improvement) in comparison with the original platform.

Our findings highlight the crucial role of network effects, with global effects benefiting first movers and local effects favoring followers, especially if they start in a market different from the first mover's. Moreover, domestic followers must innovate, while followers in less competitive markets with local network effects have more options to increase potential market percentage, including launching a clone. These insights offer valuable suggestions for strategy development and regulatory considerations related to market share, market power, and international expansion.

数字平台通过促进用户之间的联系来交换产品、服务或信息,从而迅速发展。然而,由于竞争、模仿、创新以及文化和政治壁垒等因素阻碍了数字平台的国际化发展道路,很少有平台拥有真正的全球足迹。网络效应的地理范围在这一过程中起着至关重要的作用,影响着从本地到全球各个层面的用户。我们建立了国际平台竞争动态模型,并通过模拟一个双面平台的国际增长,预测其在全球潜在市场比例方面的结果,该平台与两个追随者平台在不同地点(国内/国外)和不同国际化战略(渐进/加速)下竞争,并在不同网络效应(本地/全球)下运营。我们的研究结果凸显了网络效应的关键作用,全球效应有利于先行者,而本地效应则有利于追随者,尤其是当他们的起始市场与先行者的市场不同时。此外,国内追随者必须进行创新,而在竞争较少的市场中,具有本地网络效应的追随者有更多的选择来提高潜在的市场比例,包括推出克隆产品。这些见解为与市场份额、市场力量和国际扩张相关的战略制定和监管考虑提供了有价值的建议。
{"title":"Catch me if you can: A simulation model of the internationalization of digital platforms","authors":"Esteban García-Canal ,&nbsp;Mauro F. Guillén ,&nbsp;Borja Ponte","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital platforms have grown rapidly by facilitating connections among users to exchange products, services, or information. However, very few platforms have a truly global footprint given that factors such as competition, imitation, innovation, and cultural and political barriers hamper a digital platform's international growth path. The geographical scope of network effects plays a crucial role in this process, impacting users at various levels from the local to the global. We model the dynamics of international platform competition and predict its outcomes in terms of global potential market percentage through a simulation of the international growth of a two-sided platform in competition with two follower platforms in different locations (home/abroad) and different internationalization strategies (gradual/accelerated), and operating under different network effects (local/global). The model contemplates different delays in the launching of the rival platforms and different degrees of innovation (improvement) in comparison with the original platform.</p><p>Our findings highlight the crucial role of network effects, with global effects benefiting first movers and local effects favoring followers, especially if they start in a market different from the first mover's. Moreover, domestic followers must innovate, while followers in less competitive markets with local network effects have more options to increase potential market percentage, including launching a clone. These insights offer valuable suggestions for strategy development and regulatory considerations related to market share, market power, and international expansion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100501"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471772724000010/pdfft?md5=b79bdf4f021db419706004b52732fb43&pid=1-s2.0-S1471772724000010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affect and relational agency: How a negative ontology can broaden our understanding of IS research 情感与关系代理:消极本体论如何拓宽我们对信息系统研究的理解
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100500
Edouard Pignot , Mark Thompson

The sociomaterial lens within IS research holds that agency should not be considered as a property solely of humans, or of technology, but instead arises from an emergent interaction between the two. This, emergent, account of agency deepens our understanding of unfolding IS practice, but its largely cognitive orientation remains naïve towards affectively-sensed motivations that also form part of this interaction. By implication, a sociomaterial perspective lacking an affective dimension offers an incomplete conceptualisation of information systems. In response, an affectively-informed negative ontology encourages IS researchers to extend their focus beyond the visible, to encompass how actors' receptiveness towards material objects (discourses, technologies) is shaped by deep, affectively-derived motivations of which they are not focally aware, but which nonetheless acquire agency in contributing to a sociomaterial outcome. A central argument, and illustrative empirical vignette, demonstrate how the concepts of sociomateriality, affect, and negative ontology combine to offer researchers an enhanced understanding of relational agency. A discussion follows, exploring some initial ontological, epistemological and methodological implications of an affectively-informed negative ontology for IS research.

基础设施服务研究中的社会物质视角认为,机构不应被视为仅仅是人类或技术的属性,而是产生于两者之间的新兴互动。这种对代理的新兴解释加深了我们对不断发展的信息系统实践的理解,但其主要的认知取向对于同样构成这种互动一部分的情感感应动机来说仍然是幼稚的。言下之意,缺乏情感维度的社会物质视角提供了一种不完整的信息系统概念。作为回应,以情感为基础的消极本体论鼓励信息系统研究人员将他们的关注点延伸到可见的事物之外,以涵盖行为者对物质对象(话语、技术)的接受能力是如何被深层的、源自情感的动机所塑造的,这些动机他们并不明确意识到,但却在促成社会物质结果的过程中获得了能动性。本文的中心论点和经验案例说明了社会物质性、情感和消极本体论的概念如何结合在一起,为研究人员提供对关系代理的更深入理解。接下来的讨论将探讨以情感为基础的消极本体论对信息系统研究在本体论、认识论和方法论方面的初步影响。
{"title":"Affect and relational agency: How a negative ontology can broaden our understanding of IS research","authors":"Edouard Pignot ,&nbsp;Mark Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sociomaterial lens within IS research holds that agency should not be considered as a property solely of humans, or of technology, but instead arises from an emergent interaction between the two. This, emergent, account of agency deepens our understanding of unfolding IS practice, but its largely cognitive orientation remains naïve towards affectively-sensed motivations that also form part of this interaction. By implication, a sociomaterial perspective lacking an affective dimension offers an incomplete conceptualisation of information systems. In response, an affectively-informed <em>negative ontology</em> encourages IS researchers to extend their focus beyond the visible, to encompass how actors' receptiveness towards material objects (discourses, technologies) is shaped by deep, affectively-derived motivations of which they are not focally aware, but which nonetheless acquire agency in contributing to a sociomaterial outcome. A central argument, and illustrative empirical vignette, demonstrate how the concepts of sociomateriality, affect, and negative ontology combine to offer researchers an enhanced understanding of relational agency. A discussion follows, exploring some initial ontological, epistemological and methodological implications of an affectively-informed negative ontology for IS research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471772723000544/pdfft?md5=6b3ad2880f3542472ebcd3394895c71f&pid=1-s2.0-S1471772723000544-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A dynamic perspective on software modularity in open source software (OSS) development: A configurational approach 从动态角度看开源软件(OSS)开发中的软件模块化:配置方法
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100499
Eunyoung Moon , James Howison

To reduce technical and task interdependencies, modularization has been considered important in OSS development. However, the existing literature implicitly takes a static view that software structure and organizational structure are established early on and change slowly over time, if at all. Such a view does not fully reflect the complex and dynamic nature of software development and tends to overlook the role played by human agents as they ramp involvement up and down over time. This study considers that coordination practice plays an important role in altering technical interdependencies in OSS development. This study investigates coordination practices that result in changes in software coupling—in particular, increases in software coupling. This study automatically analyzes the code in 72 software releases and 1033 task episodes of three successful OSS projects—GNU grep, IPython, and Scikit-image. This study takes a fine-grained practice-oriented perspective that views the way that the work is done as constituting the organization. In our conceptualization, OSS contributors use a configuration of multiple organizational elements, enacted and varying across specific episodes of practice. In line with this perspective, this study takes a configurational approach, uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze episodes that led to decreases, no changes, and increases in software coupling during the inter-release periods in which the level of software coupling increased significantly, which we call focal period. We find that co-work involving multiple individuals tends to result in code that adds technical dependencies (increases in software coupling) during the focal period. To illustrate this beyond our fuzzy-set analysis, we present and discuss three episodes in narrative detail. The fine-grained, configurational analysis in this study supports the idea that the organizing process is ongoing enactment. In this study, OSS systems are an amalgam of code that builds up in different episodes each possibly different organizational configurations, rather than thinking of the OSS systems or projects as static or singular.

为了减少技术和任务之间的相互依赖,模块化被认为在开放源码软件开发中非常重要。然而,现有文献隐含着一种静态观点,即软件结构和组织结构在早期就已建立,随着时间的推移变化缓慢(如果有的话)。这种观点并不能充分反映软件开发的复杂性和动态性,而且往往会忽视人的作用,因为人的参与会随着时间的推移而增加或减少。本研究认为,协调实践在改变开放源码软件开发中的技术相互依存关系方面发挥着重要作用。本研究调查了导致软件耦合变化的协调实践,特别是软件耦合的增加。本研究自动分析了三个成功的开放源码软件项目--GNU grep、IPython 和 Scikit-image 的 72 个软件版本和 1033 个任务事件中的代码。本研究从细粒度的实践导向角度出发,将工作方式视为组织的构成。在我们的概念中,开放源码软件的贡献者使用多种组织元素的组合,这些元素在具体的实践过程中不断发展和变化。根据这一观点,本研究采用了一种配置方法,使用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)来分析在软件耦合水平显著增加的发布间歇期(我们称之为焦点期)中导致软件耦合减少、无变化和增加的事件。我们发现,在焦点时期,涉及多人的合作往往会导致代码增加技术依赖性(软件耦合增加)。为了在模糊集分析之外说明这一点,我们详细介绍并讨论了三个事件。本研究中的细粒度配置分析支持了组织过程是持续颁布过程这一观点。在本研究中,开放源码软件系统是代码的混合体,在不同的事件中建立起来,每个事件都可能有不同的组织配置,而不是把开放源码软件系统或项目看作是静态或单一的。
{"title":"A dynamic perspective on software modularity in open source software (OSS) development: A configurational approach","authors":"Eunyoung Moon ,&nbsp;James Howison","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reduce technical and task interdependencies, modularization has been considered important in OSS development. However, the existing literature implicitly takes a static view that software structure and organizational structure are established early on and change slowly over time, if at all. Such a view does not fully reflect the complex and dynamic nature of software development and tends to overlook the role played by human agents as they ramp involvement up and down over time. This study considers that coordination practice plays an important role in altering technical interdependencies in OSS development. This study investigates coordination practices that result in changes in software coupling—in particular, increases in software coupling. This study automatically analyzes the code in 72 software releases and 1033 task episodes of three successful OSS projects—GNU grep, IPython, and Scikit-image. This study takes a fine-grained practice-oriented perspective that views the way that the work is done as constituting the organization. In our conceptualization, OSS contributors use a configuration of multiple organizational elements, enacted and varying across specific episodes of practice. In line with this perspective, this study takes a configurational approach, uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze episodes that led to decreases, no changes, and increases in software coupling during the inter-release periods in which the level of software coupling increased significantly, which we call focal period. We find that co-work involving multiple individuals tends to result in code that adds technical dependencies (increases in software coupling) during the focal period. To illustrate this beyond our fuzzy-set analysis, we present and discuss three episodes in narrative detail. The fine-grained, configurational analysis in this study supports the idea that the organizing process is ongoing enactment. In this study, OSS systems are an amalgam of code that builds up in different episodes each possibly different organizational configurations, rather than thinking of the OSS systems or projects as static or singular.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471772723000532/pdfft?md5=506fdd274e6c4163afb771b90908984b&pid=1-s2.0-S1471772723000532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139434044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From worker empowerment to managerial control: The devolution of AI tools' intended positive implementation to their negative consequences 从工人赋权到管理控制:人工智能工具从预期的积极实施到消极后果的演变
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100498
Emmanuel Monod , Anne-Sophie Mayer , Detmar Straub , Elisabeth Joyce , Jiayin Qi

AI systems are increasingly being deployed in organizations to support customer service (CS) departments. However, in practice, the introduction of AI tools often fails to meet these expectations and results in negative consequences, such as worker resistance and dissatisfaction. Yet we have little understanding of the process of how and why initially positive design intentions of AI tools result in negative consequences. Building on a qualitative in-depth case study of a Chinese firm introducing an AI tool in sales, we found that whereas the AI tool's initial design seemingly intended to lead to salespeople's empowerment and first achieved respective outcomes, over time the tool was appropriated for managerial control. We show that this devolution emerged organically from a growing managerial awareness of the affordances that the AI tool offered managers to perform their work better. Our study contributes to the literature on AI by highlighting the potential dangers of AI tools and emphasizing the importance of including workers in the AI tool's design and implementation phases.

人工智能系统越来越多地部署在组织中,以支持客户服务(CS)部门。然而,在实践中,人工智能工具的引入往往不能满足这些期望,并导致负面后果,例如工人的抵制和不满。然而,我们对人工智能工具最初的积极设计意图如何以及为什么会导致消极后果的过程知之甚少。在对一家中国公司在销售中引入人工智能工具的定性深入案例研究的基础上,我们发现,尽管人工智能工具的初始设计似乎旨在赋予销售人员权力,并首先实现各自的结果,但随着时间的推移,该工具被用于管理控制。我们表明,这种权力下放有机地出现在日益增长的管理意识中,即人工智能工具为管理人员提供了更好的工作。我们的研究通过强调人工智能工具的潜在危险,并强调在人工智能工具的设计和实施阶段包括工人的重要性,为人工智能文献做出了贡献。
{"title":"From worker empowerment to managerial control: The devolution of AI tools' intended positive implementation to their negative consequences","authors":"Emmanuel Monod ,&nbsp;Anne-Sophie Mayer ,&nbsp;Detmar Straub ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Joyce ,&nbsp;Jiayin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>AI systems are increasingly being deployed in organizations to support customer service (CS) departments. However, in practice, the introduction of AI tools often fails to meet these expectations and results in negative consequences, such as worker resistance and dissatisfaction. Yet we have little understanding of the process of how and why initially positive design intentions of AI tools result in negative consequences. Building on a qualitative in-depth case study of a Chinese firm introducing an AI tool in sales, we found that whereas the AI tool's initial design seemingly intended to lead to salespeople's empowerment and first achieved respective outcomes, over time the tool was appropriated for managerial control. We show that this devolution emerged organically from a growing managerial awareness of the affordances that the AI tool offered managers to perform their work better. Our study contributes to the literature on AI by highlighting the potential dangers of AI tools and emphasizing the importance of including workers in the AI tool's design and implementation phases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471772723000520/pdfft?md5=16559c5998940d5bcf7db0034758d654&pid=1-s2.0-S1471772723000520-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138656335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lessons from enterprise systems competency centers in adopting digital transformation initiatives: An assemblage approach 企业系统能力中心在采用数字化转型计划方面的经验教训:一种组合方法
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100490
Arun Aryal , Duane Truex , Redouane El Amrani

Firms are increasingly adopting digital transformation as a strategic priority. However, the path to successful transformation remains uncertain for many organizations. This paper examines the establishment and evolution of competency centers in two case study organizations, historically used in enterprise systems, in addressing the complexity and challenges of digital transformation. The interactions within these competency centers are analyzed through assemblage theory to understand the emergent relations between heterogeneous parts (technology, people, and organization) and the dynamic processes of new configurations. The insights from this research show the critical role of the competency center in any enterprise system's success and how it could continue playing a central role in future digital transformation initiatives. By providing a new lens to examine these issues, the assemblage theory provided a new theoretical perspective to the IS field and a new alternative empirical setting to the organizational literature.

企业越来越多地将数字化转型作为战略重点。然而,对于许多组织来说,通往成功转型的道路仍然不确定。本文考察了两个案例研究组织中能力中心的建立和演变,这两个案例研究组织历史上用于企业系统,以解决数字化转型的复杂性和挑战。通过装配理论分析这些能力中心内部的相互作用,以理解异质部分(技术、人员和组织)之间的紧急关系以及新配置的动态过程。本研究的见解显示了能力中心在任何企业系统成功中的关键作用,以及它如何在未来的数字化转型计划中继续发挥核心作用。通过提供一个新的视角来审视这些问题,集合理论为信息系统领域提供了一个新的理论视角,并为组织文献提供了一个新的替代经验背景。
{"title":"Lessons from enterprise systems competency centers in adopting digital transformation initiatives: An assemblage approach","authors":"Arun Aryal ,&nbsp;Duane Truex ,&nbsp;Redouane El Amrani","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Firms are increasingly adopting digital transformation as a strategic priority. However, the path to successful transformation remains uncertain for many organizations. This paper examines the establishment and evolution of competency centers in two case study organizations, historically used in enterprise systems, in addressing the complexity and challenges of digital transformation. The interactions within these competency centers are analyzed through assemblage theory to understand the emergent relations between heterogeneous parts (technology, people, and organization) and the dynamic processes of new configurations. The insights from this research show the critical role of the competency center in any enterprise system's success and how it could continue playing a central role in future digital transformation initiatives. By providing a new lens to examine these issues, the assemblage theory provided a new theoretical perspective to the IS field and a new alternative empirical setting to the organizational literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71436233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digital consumers and the new ‘search’ practices of born digital organisations 数字消费者和数字化组织的新“搜索”实践
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100489
Najmeh Hafezieh , Neil Pollock

Consumers play an increasingly central role in born digital organisations, including driving new approaches to consumer interaction, communication, and marketing. However, we know little about how born digital organise internally to manage and respond to consumer demands. In this paper, we studied an organisation providing online travel services where its aim was to reorganise internally, in relation to consumers, through developing a set of ‘search’ practices. The role of search is particularly salient for born digitals, giving rise to new roles and expertise where organisations attempt to pre-empt user actions. Through qualitative research, we show how a born digital organisation creates new practices that we label pre-emptive, reactive, reflective and adaptive. Our main finding is that rapidly and constantly reconfiguring practices, what these new experts call ‘constructive disruption’, is essential for born digitals to manage relationships with consumers. Our paper contributes by providing a better understanding of practices within born digital organisations, and specifically the practices born digitals use to navigate unpredictable emerging changes and produce constant novelty for customers. We also contribute to the concept of search and provide examples of how it might be employed to better understand digital organising and digital transformation.

消费者在数字化组织中扮演着越来越重要的角色,包括推动消费者互动、沟通和营销的新方法。然而,我们对天生数字化的内部组织如何管理和响应消费者需求知之甚少。在本文中,我们研究了一家提供在线旅游服务的组织,该组织的目标是通过开发一套“搜索”实践来重组与消费者相关的内部组织。搜索的作用对于天生的数字人来说尤为突出,在组织试图抢先用户行动的地方,搜索产生了新的角色和专业知识。通过定性研究,我们展示了一个天生的数字化组织如何创造新的实践,我们将其称为先发制人、反应性、反思性和适应性。我们的主要发现是,快速和不断地重新配置实践,这些新专家称之为“建设性破坏”,对于天生的数字人管理与消费者的关系至关重要。我们的论文通过更好地理解天生数字化组织的实践,特别是天生数字化组织用来应对不可预测的新兴变化并为客户提供不断创新的实践,做出了贡献。我们还对搜索的概念做出了贡献,并提供了如何使用它来更好地理解数字组织和数字转型的例子。
{"title":"Digital consumers and the new ‘search’ practices of born digital organisations","authors":"Najmeh Hafezieh ,&nbsp;Neil Pollock","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consumers play an increasingly central role in born digital organisations, including driving new approaches to consumer interaction, communication, and marketing. However, we know little about how born digital organise internally to manage and respond to consumer demands. In this paper, we studied an organisation providing online travel services where its aim was to reorganise internally, in relation to consumers, through developing a set of ‘search’ practices. The role of search is particularly salient for born digitals, giving rise to new roles and expertise where organisations attempt to pre-empt user actions. Through qualitative research, we show how a born digital organisation creates new practices that we label pre-emptive, reactive, reflective and adaptive. Our main finding is that rapidly and constantly reconfiguring practices, what these new experts call ‘constructive disruption’, is essential for born digitals to manage relationships with consumers. Our paper contributes by providing a better understanding of practices within born digital organisations, and specifically the practices born digitals use to navigate unpredictable emerging changes and produce constant novelty for customers. We also contribute to the concept of search and provide examples of how it might be employed to better understand digital organising and digital transformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147177272300043X/pdfft?md5=45cf97a27a5a6701acba6e3b92684554&pid=1-s2.0-S147177272300043X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71417539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The nature of small business digital responses during crises 危机期间小企业数字化应对的本质
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100487
Craig Parker , Scott Bingley , Stephen Burgess

Small business revenues worldwide were drastically affected by lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many small businesses introduced new functionality through the adoption of digital technologies. However, little is known about the nature of these digital technology innovations, including whether they differed across industry sectors. Through a modified case study approach, we examine digital technology responses to the pandemic by small businesses that were identified in Google News. We introduce a new framework designed to describe the nature of the responses. Most small businesses that were examined introduced digital responses by offering new e-commerce facilities and/or converting their existing services to ‘e-services’, with some important cross sector exceptions. Practical suggestions for small businesses are provided.

新冠肺炎大流行期间,全球小企业收入受到封锁的严重影响。因此,许多小企业通过采用数字技术引入了新功能。然而,人们对这些数字技术创新的性质知之甚少,包括它们在不同行业之间是否存在差异。通过一种改进的案例研究方法,我们研究了谷歌新闻中发现的小企业对疫情的数字技术反应。我们介绍了一个新的框架,旨在描述反应的性质。大多数接受审查的小企业都通过提供新的电子商务设施和/或将现有服务转换为“电子服务”来引入数字应对措施,但一些重要的跨部门例外。为小企业提供了切实可行的建议。
{"title":"The nature of small business digital responses during crises","authors":"Craig Parker ,&nbsp;Scott Bingley ,&nbsp;Stephen Burgess","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small business revenues worldwide were drastically affected by lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many small businesses introduced new functionality through the adoption of digital technologies. However, little is known about the nature of these digital technology innovations, including whether they differed across industry sectors. Through a modified case study approach, we examine digital technology responses to the pandemic by small businesses that were identified in Google News. We introduce a new framework designed to describe the nature of the responses. Most small businesses that were examined introduced digital responses by offering new e-commerce facilities and/or converting their existing services to ‘e-services’, with some important cross sector exceptions. Practical suggestions for small businesses are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49720236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How social media disrupts institutions: Exploring the intersection of online disinformation, digital materiality and field-level change 社交媒体如何扰乱机构:探索在线虚假信息、数字物质性和现场层面变化的交集
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100488
Daniel J. Davis , Tammy E. Beck

The diffusion of disinformation via social media has become a pressing societal concern for business leaders and policy makers. In recent years, online disinformation has been implicated as a source of field-level institutional change across a variety of societal contexts. To better understand how online disinformation changes institutional issue fields, we explore how digital materiality affords users opportunities to create and propagate disinformation. We introduce and define three social media material features: modular content, content flow, and manifold network structures. From these digital materiality elements, we articulate three disinformation affordances: crafting, amplifying, and partitioning. We rely on several vignettes – far-right political conspiracy group, QAnon, anti-vaccination (i.e., anti-Vaxxers), and flat Earth beliefs – to illustrate how social media users exploit digital materiality and enact disinformation affordances. Our theoretical development also contributes to our understanding of how online disinformation disrupts institutional issue fields. In particular, we highlight several potential changes to institutional issue fields regarding power centralization, subfield structures, and institutional infrastructure. We conclude by offering recommendations for future research and social media policy.

通过社交媒体传播虚假信息已成为商界领袖和政策制定者迫切关注的社会问题。近年来,网络虚假信息被认为是各种社会背景下实地制度变革的来源。为了更好地了解网络虚假信息如何改变机构问题领域,我们探讨了数字物质性如何为用户提供创建和传播虚假信息的机会。我们介绍并定义了三个社交媒体材料特征:模块化内容、内容流和多种网络结构。从这些数字物质性元素中,我们阐明了三种虚假信息的可供性:精心制作、放大和分割。我们依靠几个小插曲——极右翼政治阴谋集团、QAnon、反疫苗接种(即反疫苗接种者)和平地信仰——来说明社交媒体用户如何利用数字物质性并制定虚假信息启示。我们的理论发展也有助于我们理解网络虚假信息如何扰乱制度问题领域。特别是,我们强调了制度问题领域在权力集中、子领域结构和制度基础设施方面的几个潜在变化。最后,我们为未来的研究和社交媒体政策提供了建议。
{"title":"How social media disrupts institutions: Exploring the intersection of online disinformation, digital materiality and field-level change","authors":"Daniel J. Davis ,&nbsp;Tammy E. Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The diffusion of disinformation via social media has become a pressing societal concern<span> for business leaders and policy makers. In recent years, online disinformation has been implicated as a source of field-level institutional change across a variety of societal contexts. To better understand how online disinformation changes institutional issue fields, we explore how digital materiality affords users opportunities to create and propagate disinformation. We introduce and define three social media material features: modular content, content flow, and manifold network structures. From these digital materiality elements, we articulate three disinformation affordances: crafting, amplifying, and partitioning. We rely on several vignettes – far-right political conspiracy group, QAnon, anti-vaccination (i.e., anti-Vaxxers), and flat Earth beliefs – to illustrate how </span></span>social media users<span> exploit digital materiality and enact disinformation affordances. Our theoretical development also contributes to our understanding of how online disinformation disrupts institutional issue fields. In particular, we highlight several potential changes to institutional issue fields regarding power centralization, subfield structures, and institutional infrastructure. We conclude by offering recommendations for future research and social media policy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49735335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk and the future of AI: Algorithmic bias, data colonialism, and marginalization 人工智能的风险和未来:算法偏见、数据殖民主义和边缘化
IF 6.3 2区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100478
A. Arora , M. Barrett , E. Lee , E. Oborn , K. Prince
{"title":"Risk and the future of AI: Algorithmic bias, data colonialism, and marginalization","authors":"A. Arora ,&nbsp;M. Barrett ,&nbsp;E. Lee ,&nbsp;E. Oborn ,&nbsp;K. Prince","doi":"10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47253,"journal":{"name":"Information and Organization","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49746088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Information and Organization
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1