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Wear a Mask, Save a Life? Insights From COVID-19 on Shifting Digital Influence Amid High Epistemic Uncertainty During Crisis 戴口罩救命?2019冠状病毒病对危机期间认知高度不确定性下数字影响力转移的启示
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70040
Yonggang Lu

This study examines opinion leadership and information diffusion on Twitter (X) during crisis periods with high epistemic uncertainty among the public. By analysing a tweet dataset captured during a unique COVID-19 period marked by conflicting face mask guidelines, we explore how crisis situations like this reshape social media influence dynamics. Our findings reveal complex and paradoxical relationships between traditional indicators of opinion leadership and actual influence, mediated through engagement metrics. Content relevance and engagement patterns can outweigh traditional user attributes in determining influence, with non-traditional opinion leaders emerging through creative, highly engaging crisis-related posts. A network structure of community clusters with limited cross-community flow further defines influence pathways. Our study highlights the importance of flexible, distributed models of online crisis information diffusion that consider the dynamic interplay between user attributes, network topology, engagement patterns and contextual factors. These insights also suggest potential benefits in exploring more adaptive, context-sensitive approaches to managing information flow in digital environments during crises.

本研究考察了公众在具有高度认知不确定性的危机时期在Twitter (X)上的意见领导和信息传播。通过分析在COVID-19期间捕获的推特数据集,该数据集以相互冲突的口罩指导方针为标志,我们探讨了此类危机情况如何重塑社交媒体影响动态。我们的研究结果揭示了意见领导力的传统指标与实际影响力之间复杂而矛盾的关系,并通过参与指标进行中介。内容相关性和参与模式在决定影响力方面可能超过传统的用户属性,非传统意见领袖通过创造性的、高度参与的危机相关帖子出现。有限跨社区流动的社区集群网络结构进一步定义了影响路径。我们的研究强调了灵活、分布式的在线危机信息扩散模型的重要性,该模型考虑了用户属性、网络拓扑、参与模式和上下文因素之间的动态相互作用。这些见解还表明,在危机期间探索更具适应性、对上下文敏感的方法来管理数字环境中的信息流,可能会带来好处。
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引用次数: 0
From Wallets to Warnings: The Impact of Disaster Loss Severity and Types on Public Disaster Protective Actions 从钱包到警告:灾害损失的严重程度和类型对公共灾害保护行动的影响
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70037
Ziyao Wang, Jichun Chen, Ben Ma, Qi Bian

Pre-disaster protective actions play a crucial role in mitigating disaster risks and enhancing resilience. Using data from Taiwan, China, this study examines how the degree and type of disaster-induced damages influence protective actions. The findings reveal the following: (1) The extent of disaster damage, rather than merely experiencing a disaster, motivates individuals to engage in protective actions. (2) Economic and financial losses are the primary drivers of public protective actions, compared to other types of losses. (3) The study distinguishes between binary variables (the presence or absence of protective actions) and continuous variables (degree of preparedness) to assess the varying impacts of different factors. Risk perception is found to mediate the relationship between disaster damage and both the presence and extent of protective actions. Meanwhile, resilience only moderates the relationship between risk perception and the presence or absence of protective actions. (4) Information sources and perceptions of government authority significantly influence both the likelihood and extent of protective actions. However, trust in government and social capital do not exert any influence in this regard. This study advocates for targeted interventions for individuals severely affected by disaster-related financial losses and emphasizes the need to enhance protective actions through diverse information channels.

灾前保护行动在减轻灾害风险和增强复原力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究以中国台湾地区为研究对象,探讨灾害损害程度与类型对防护措施的影响。研究结果表明:(1)灾害破坏的程度,而不仅仅是经历了灾难,促使人们采取保护行动。(2)与其他类型的损失相比,经济和金融损失是公共保护行动的主要驱动因素。(3)区分二元变量(有无保护行动)和连续变量(准备程度),以评估不同因素的不同影响。风险感知被发现调解灾害损害和保护行动的存在和程度之间的关系。同时,弹性只调节风险感知与保护行为存在与否之间的关系。(4)信息来源和对政府权威的认知显著影响保护行动的可能性和程度。然而,对政府的信任和社会资本在这方面没有任何影响。本研究提倡对受灾害相关经济损失严重影响的个人进行有针对性的干预,并强调需要通过多种信息渠道加强保护行动。
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引用次数: 0
Examining Tension Management of Coastal Residents' Decisions to Stay or Leave During Hurricane Florence 研究佛罗伦萨飓风期间沿海居民决定留下或离开的紧张管理
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70036
Andrew S. Pyle, Ryan P. Fuller, Hillary Smith

This study examines how coastal residents in the path of a hurricane manage the tension to evacuate or stay. In interviews with 17 coastal residents, we found evidence of tension management through account giving. Stayers justified their choices as keeping close to loved ones and animals, reducing difficulties in returning, and benchmarking prior storms to guide their actions over other sources of information. Evacuees framed the tension as either the only choice or the better of two poor choices. Our analysis also revealed contradictions in evacuating: a case of haves (have resources to evacuate but do not) and have nots (want to evacuate, but do not have the resources) and the perception that shelters were not a viable option. Lastly, stayers extracted lessons learned that reinforced their action and would likely guide future behaviours through benchmarking. Implications of these findings are offered for emergency managers, including speaking to residents' tension management, addressing contradictions, and acknowledging lesson learned, are discussed.

这项研究考察了飓风路径上的沿海居民如何管理疏散或留下来的紧张情绪。在对17名沿海居民的采访中,我们发现了通过交代来管理紧张的证据。滞留者认为他们的选择是为了与亲人和动物保持密切联系,减少返回的困难,并在风暴之前进行基准测试,以指导他们的行动,而不是其他信息来源。撤离者认为这种紧张局势要么是唯一的选择,要么是两个糟糕选择中的一个。我们的分析还揭示了疏散中的矛盾:有(有资源疏散,但没有)和没有(想要疏散,但没有资源)的情况,以及认为避难所不是一个可行的选择。最后,留职人员吸取了经验教训,加强了他们的行动,并可能通过基准来指导未来的行为。讨论了这些发现对应急管理人员的启示,包括与居民的紧张管理交谈,解决矛盾,并承认吸取的教训。
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引用次数: 0
Conditions for Successful Collaboration in Emergency Response: Evidence From a Survey Experiment of Organized Search and Rescue Volunteers in Norway 应急合作成功的条件:来自挪威有组织的搜索和救援志愿者调查实验的证据
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70034
Dag Wollebæk, Vibeke Wøien Hansen

Trust, previous collaboration history, power asymmetry, and shifts from horizontal to hierarchical governance are factors that have been argued and, to some extent, shown to impact the success of collaboration. However, we know little about how these factors play out in the context of emergency response collaboration, particularly between public authorities and organized search and rescue (SAR) volunteers. Using a conjoint experiment with organized SAR volunteers in Norway, we examine how collaboration that blends hierarchical command and horizontal network coordination works in practice by randomly varying multiple features of a hypothetical mission. Our exploratory study confirms that the shift from horizontal to vertical modes of governance poses a challenge for collaborative emergency response. Furthermore, the findings highlight that trust, as social capital built through repeated interactions, is a key resource in multi-actor emergency management, both as an initial condition and during the response phase.

信任、以前的合作历史、权力不对称,以及从水平治理到等级治理的转变,都是被争论过的因素,在某种程度上,这些因素被证明会影响合作的成功。然而,我们对这些因素如何在应急协作的背景下发挥作用知之甚少,特别是在公共当局与有组织的搜救志愿者之间。通过与挪威有组织的搜救志愿者的联合实验,我们通过随机改变假设任务的多个特征,研究了混合分层指挥和水平网络协调的协作如何在实践中发挥作用。我们的探索性研究证实,从水平治理模式向垂直治理模式的转变对协同应急响应提出了挑战。此外,研究结果强调,信任作为通过反复互动建立起来的社会资本,无论是作为初始条件还是在响应阶段,都是多行动者应急管理的关键资源。
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引用次数: 0
Adept or Inept? Examining the Chinese Government's Social Media Crisis Response During the Zhengzhou Rainstorm 熟练还是不熟练?郑州暴雨期间中国政府社交媒体危机应对研究
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70033
Jintao Zhang, Suying Sun

Effective crisis communication is important for governments to mitigate the impact of disasters and maintain public trust. This study examines the Chinese government's social media crisis response during the 2021 Zhengzhou rainstorm, developing a government crisis frame model to analyze 10,036 Weibo posts across 73 government accounts. The findings reveal three dominant framing strategies: Disaster Reporting and Information Updates, Leadership and Disaster Relief, and Achievement, which collectively highlight institutional competence and phased progress to cultivate public confidence. Additionally, the government strategically amplified emotional appeals through the Human Interest and Encouragement frame, fostering collective political emotions and social cohesion, while the Severity frame appeared far less frequently. Notably, while the Inviting the Public frame had the strongest communication effect, it was the least utilized. The association between the government sector and effect is relatively weak and becomes insignificant after controlling for follower count and crisis stage. While the government level significantly and positively influences the communication effect, provincial-municipal differences were marginal, reflecting that high economic capital enables municipal media to achieve autonomy comparable to provincial actors. These results reveal the Chinese government's strategic use of social media to achieve integrative consensus and collective resilience. This research provides empirical evidence of the Chinese government's crisis communication strategies on social media and offers a methodological framework for analyzing government crisis responses in the digital era, contributing to the broader discourse on political communication.

有效的危机沟通对于政府减轻灾害影响和维持公众信任至关重要。本研究考察了中国政府在2021年郑州暴雨期间的社交媒体危机应对,建立了一个政府危机框架模型,分析了73个政府账户的10036条微博。研究结果揭示了三种主要的框架战略:灾害报告和信息更新、领导力和救灾以及成就,它们共同强调了机构能力和培养公众信心的阶段性进展。此外,政府通过“人文关怀和鼓励”框架战略性地扩大了情感诉求,培养了集体政治情感和社会凝聚力,而“严厉”框架的出现频率要低得多。值得注意的是,虽然邀请公众框架的沟通效果最强,但利用率最低。政府部门与效应之间的关联相对较弱,在控制了追随者数量和危机阶段后变得不显著。虽然政府级别对传播效果有显著的正向影响,但省市之间的差异是边际的,这反映了高经济资本使市级媒体获得了与省级行为体相当的自主权。这些结果揭示了中国政府战略性地使用社交媒体来实现整合共识和集体弹性。本研究为中国政府在社交媒体上的危机传播策略提供了经验证据,并为分析数字时代政府危机应对提供了方法框架,有助于更广泛地讨论政治传播。
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引用次数: 0
How Does Crisis Learning Contribute to Disaster Resilience?—A Case of Two Flood Disasters Caused by Rainstorms in Shouguang County on the North China Plain of China 危机学习如何促进灾难恢复?——以华北平原寿光县两次暴雨洪涝灾害为例
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70035
Haifeng Zhang, Feng Kong

As an important branch of organisational learning, crisis learning can play a unique function in enhancing resilience in the field of disasters. However, the current knowledge and research on the relationship between crisis learning and disaster resilience are very limited. By establishing the research framework of the “Subject-Process-Resilience Capacity” of crisis learning, this paper indicates that resilience in the disaster field can be improved by the multiple subjects of the social system through crisis learning behaviour in the whole process of responding to disasters. Through the longitudinal comparative analysis of a case of two flood disasters caused by rainstorms in Shouguang County, this study found that the subjects of crisis learning are not only public departments and governments, but also market subjects, social organisations and individuals. These multiple subjects can adopt different crisis learning behaviours before, during and after disasters, so as to improve the preventive, response and recovery capabilities of disaster resilience. In addition, the causal relationship between crisis learning and disaster resilience explored in this paper can also help enrich the connotation of resilience in the field of disaster research and provide reference value for social systems to enhance their resilience to natural disasters.

危机学习作为组织学习的一个重要分支,在提高灾害领域的应变能力方面发挥着独特的作用。然而,目前对危机学习与灾害恢复能力关系的认识和研究非常有限。本文通过建立危机学习“主体-过程-弹性能力”的研究框架,指出社会系统的多个主体可以通过危机学习行为在灾难应对的整个过程中提高灾难领域的弹性。本研究通过对寿光县两次暴雨洪涝灾害案例的纵向比较分析,发现危机学习的主体不仅是公共部门和政府,还有市场主体、社会组织和个人。这些多主体可以在灾前、灾中、灾后采取不同的危机学习行为,从而提高抗灾能力的预防、响应和恢复能力。此外,本文所探索的危机学习与灾害恢复力之间的因果关系也有助于丰富灾害研究领域中恢复力的内涵,为社会系统增强对自然灾害的恢复力提供参考价值。
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引用次数: 0
The Evolution of Emergency Planning at Kent State University, 1970–2020 肯特州立大学应急规划的演变,1970-2020
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70032
Erica Eckert

The shootings at Kent State on May 4, 1970, shocked people all over the world and were a disaster for the university. To resume operations and rebuild its reputation, Kent State University turned to emergency planning decades before it was standard practice in higher education. Scholars of emergency management assert that innovation in the field often arises in response to disasters (Rubin, 2020) and that examining its history offers valuable insights (Butler, 2020; Phillips et al. 2012). The Kent State shootings served as a focusing event (Rubin, 2020) that opened a policy window (Kingdon, 1995) within the institution. Drawing on archival documents and oral histories, this historical case study examines how Kent State created their emergency plan through the lens of Kingdon's multiple streams framework. It presents a rare glimpse of an early example of emergency planning in higher education. This paper situates Kent State's actions within the broader context of emergency planning in higher education, explains how its first plan was developed and what it contained, and concludes with a brief description of recent emergency planning at Kent State.

1970年5月4日发生在肯特州立大学的枪击事件震惊了全世界,对这所大学来说是一场灾难。为了恢复运营和重建声誉,肯特州立大学在高等教育的标准做法之前几十年就开始实施应急计划。应急管理学者断言,该领域的创新往往是在应对灾难时出现的(Rubin, 2020),研究其历史可以提供有价值的见解(Butler, 2020;Phillips et al. 2012)。肯特州立大学的枪击事件是一个焦点事件(Rubin, 2020),在该机构内部打开了一个政策窗口(Kingdon, 1995)。利用档案文件和口述历史,这个历史案例研究考察了肯特州立如何通过金登的多流框架的镜头创建他们的应急计划。它提供了一个罕见的高等教育应急规划的早期例子。本文将肯特州立大学的行动置于高等教育应急规划的更广泛背景下,解释了它的第一个计划是如何制定的,它包含了什么,最后简要描述了肯特州立大学最近的应急规划。
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引用次数: 0
An Examination of Management of AI-Triggered Organisational Threats From Communication Practitioners' Perspective 从通信从业者的角度审视人工智能触发的组织威胁管理
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70031
Wenqing Zhao, Anna Rachwalski, Maranda Berndt-Goke, Yan Jin

The growing demand for using AI in day-to-day work in the communication industry brings ethical threats to organisations (i.e., misinformation, discrimination and bias, lack of transparency and disclosure, privacy violation and infringement, and copyright infringement). Meanwhile, organisational communication management also faces threats posed by external AI-driven disinformation. The internal and external threats boost the urgency of strategy development for effective organisational crisis management. This study, based on an online survey of communication professionals in the US (N = 407), provides timely input to organisations on how to manage AI-related ethical threats from inside and outside by understanding the perspective of communication practitioners. Building upon extant ethical AI challenges and the theoretical framework of the problem of many hands, this study examines communication professionals' attitudes and perceptions toward both AI ethical threats and strategies proposed to manage those threats, and the predictors of their behavioural intentions regarding threat management. We found that communication practitioners have reservations about being fully transparent about AI use to their clients. To effectively address AI ethical threats, organisations need to consider building a culture of active responsibility to prevent responsibility evasion and impunity, enhancing communication practitioners' awareness and knowledge about the pitfalls of technical systems, and improving practitioners' perceived efficacy of strategies for managing AI ethical threats.

通信行业在日常工作中使用人工智能的需求不断增长,给组织带来了道德威胁(即错误信息、歧视和偏见、缺乏透明度和披露、侵犯隐私和侵犯版权)。同时,组织沟通管理也面临着外部人工智能驱动的虚假信息带来的威胁。内部和外部的威胁提高了战略发展的紧迫性,有效的组织危机管理。本研究基于对美国传播专业人士(N = 407)的在线调查,通过了解传播从业者的观点,为组织提供了关于如何管理来自内部和外部的人工智能相关道德威胁的及时输入。本研究以现有的人工智能伦理挑战和多手问题的理论框架为基础,研究了通信专业人员对人工智能伦理威胁和管理这些威胁的策略的态度和看法,以及他们在威胁管理方面的行为意图的预测因素。我们发现,通信从业者对向客户完全透明地使用人工智能持保留态度。为了有效地解决人工智能道德威胁,组织需要考虑建立一种积极负责的文化,以防止逃避责任和有罪不罚,提高沟通从业者对技术系统陷阱的认识和知识,并提高从业者对管理人工智能道德威胁战略的感知效率。
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引用次数: 0
We Feel, We Understand: Examining the Moderating Effects of Publics' Empathy on Crisis Outcomes Across Crisis Types and Response Strategies 我们感觉,我们理解:考察公众共情对危机类型和应对策略的危机结果的调节作用
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70029
James Ndone

This study examines how empathy, operationalized into affective and cognitive dimensions, influences stakeholders' perceptions during organisational crises. Also, the study explores the mediating role of account acceptance in the relationship between crisis response strategies and organisational outcomes. An online three (crisis type: victim vs. accidental vs. preventable) × two (crisis response strategy: apology vs. denial) between-subjects experimental design with 686 participants randomly assigned to different crises (victim, accidental, preventable) and response strategy (apology, denial) was conducted. The findings reveal that account acceptance mediates the relationship between crisis response strategies and key organisational outcomes such as reputation, forgiveness, and purchase intention. Moreover, affective and cognitive empathy serve as moderators, amplifying or diminishing the effectiveness of these strategies. This research provides both theoretical insights and practical guidance on leveraging empathy to enhance crisis communication.

本研究探讨了移情在组织危机中如何影响利益相关者的感知,移情在情感和认知维度上是如何运作的。此外,研究还探讨了账户接受在危机应对策略与组织结果之间的关系中的中介作用。采用在线三(危机类型:受害者vs.意外vs.可预防)×二(危机应对策略:道歉vs.否认)被试实验设计,将686名被试随机分配到不同的危机(受害者、意外、可预防)和应对策略(道歉、否认)。研究结果表明,账户接受在危机应对策略与关键组织结果(如声誉、宽恕和购买意愿)之间的关系中起中介作用。此外,情感共情和认知共情作为调节因子,放大或削弱这些策略的有效性。本研究为利用共情加强危机沟通提供了理论见解和实践指导。
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引用次数: 0
Public Information-Seeking Intentions on COVID-19 Risks: Considering the Role of Affective and Cognitive States 公众对COVID-19风险的信息寻求意向:考虑情感状态和认知状态的作用
IF 2.6 3区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.70030
Xiaoli Hu, Weiwei Zhu, Baohuan Zhou, Liang Liang

Risk information represented by the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has garnered significant attention as a foundation for individuals to appraise threats and engage in protective actions. Although many opportunities exist to provide risk information to the public in a permanent form, little attention has been paid to active information-seeking behaviour. This study investigates the primary factors influencing the intent to seek information within the context of COVID-19 and delves into the mechanisms of the information-seeking process. We utilize a snowball sampling method to collect data. A total of 1300 people were selected from three universities, five companies, one hospital, and the local government as respondents. Based on a prior risk information-seeking model, a hypothetical model was developed that accentuates the pivotal role of affective states and cognitive conditions (encompassing perceived risk and perceived knowledge). The empirical results underscore the significance of cognitive states in forecasting affective and informational responses. Surprisingly, the intent to seek information is directly influenced by perceived knowledge but not by perceived risk. Additionally, information needs play a mediating role in the information-seeking process, underscoring the complex dynamics of seeking information in the context of COVID-19.

以2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)为代表的风险信息作为个人评估威胁和采取保护行动的基础,受到了广泛关注。虽然有许多机会以永久形式向公众提供风险信息,但很少注意主动寻求信息的行为。本研究探讨了新冠肺炎背景下影响信息寻求意愿的主要因素,并探讨了信息寻求过程的机制。我们采用滚雪球抽样法收集数据。此次调查从3所大学、5家企业、1家医院、地方自治团体中选出了1300名对象。在先验风险信息寻求模型的基础上,建立了一个假设模型,强调情感状态和认知条件(包括感知风险和感知知识)的关键作用。实证结果强调了认知状态在预测情感反应和信息反应中的重要性。令人惊讶的是,寻求信息的意图直接受到感知知识的影响,而不受感知风险的影响。此外,信息需求在信息寻求过程中发挥中介作用,凸显了2019冠状病毒病背景下信息寻求的复杂动态。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
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