Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12062-8
Oluwafemi Fadayini, Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon, Emmanuel O. Aluyor
Barite is an inorganic mineral mainly constituted by barium sulfate (BaSO4) which finds applications across a variety of industries. Low quality barite can be beneficiated to meet high-purity requirement. Thus, in this work, we developed an optimum beneficiation process for upgrading barite-bearing ore from Azare in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The optimum condition for the beneficiation was established using response surface methodology (RSM) while the beneficiated barite was characterized using standard tests such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). After beneficiation, the specific gravity and other properties, such as moisture content were determined and found within acceptable standards, indicating that impurities were removed. XRD structural patterns revealed highly crystalline peaks after treatment, while XRF analysis indicated BaSO4 as the primary component with reduced gangue impurities. The presence of barite in the samples was evidenced by the identified absorption peaks from FTIR analysis. Surface morphology characteristics revealed that the barite morphology changed significantly following beneficiation. The results of the beneficiation process showed that for the optimized process using RSM, the maximum yield of BaSO4 obtained was 99.78%. The properties of the barites obtained under the optimized conditions were all within the API standard. Accordingly, the beneficiated barite sample has prospective applications in drilling mud formulation, pharmaceuticals, medicine, rubber, paint, ceramics and glass industries.
重晶石是一种无机矿物,主要成分是硫酸钡(BaSO4),可应用于各行各业。低品质重晶石可以通过选矿达到高纯度要求。因此,在这项工作中,我们开发了一种最佳选矿工艺,用于提升尼日利亚包奇州 Azare 含重晶石矿石的品质。采用响应面方法论(RSM)确定了最佳选矿条件,同时采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X 射线荧光(XRF)和 X 射线衍射(XRD)等标准测试对选矿重晶石进行了表征。选矿后,测定了比重和其他属性,如水分含量,结果显示在可接受的标准范围内,表明杂质已被去除。XRD 结构图显示处理后出现了高结晶峰,而 XRF 分析表明 BaSO4 是主要成分,煤矸石杂质有所减少。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱分析确定的吸收峰证明了样品中重晶石的存在。表面形态特征表明,重晶石的形态在选矿后发生了显著变化。选矿过程的结果表明,在使用 RSM 进行优化的过程中,BaSO4 的最高产率为 99.78%。在优化条件下获得的重晶石的性质均符合 API 标准。因此,选矿重晶石样品在钻井泥浆配方、制药、医药、橡胶、油漆、陶瓷和玻璃行业中具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Upgrading low quality barite-bearing ore from Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria: multiparametric modeling and optimization of the beneficiation process","authors":"Oluwafemi Fadayini, Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon, Emmanuel O. Aluyor","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12062-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12062-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Barite is an inorganic mineral mainly constituted by barium sulfate (BaSO4) which finds applications across a variety of industries. Low quality barite can be beneficiated to meet high-purity requirement. Thus, in this work, we developed an optimum beneficiation process for upgrading barite-bearing ore from Azare in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The optimum condition for the beneficiation was established using response surface methodology (RSM) while the beneficiated barite was characterized using standard tests such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). After beneficiation, the specific gravity and other properties, such as moisture content were determined and found within acceptable standards, indicating that impurities were removed. XRD structural patterns revealed highly crystalline peaks after treatment, while XRF analysis indicated BaSO<sub>4</sub> as the primary component with reduced gangue impurities. The presence of barite in the samples was evidenced by the identified absorption peaks from FTIR analysis. Surface morphology characteristics revealed that the barite morphology changed significantly following beneficiation. The results of the beneficiation process showed that for the optimized process using RSM, the maximum yield of BaSO<sub>4</sub> obtained was 99.78%. The properties of the barites obtained under the optimized conditions were all within the API standard. Accordingly, the beneficiated barite sample has prospective applications in drilling mud formulation, pharmaceuticals, medicine, rubber, paint, ceramics and glass industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12066-4
Djamel Eddine Djaafri, Mohamed Salah Nouaouria
Due to its simple design and cost-effectiveness, Bromhead ring shear apparatus is widely used to assess the drained residual strength through various testing procedures such as single stage, preshearing, and multistage. However, when compared to back-calculated case histories, values obtained through these testing procedures were found to be higher due to wall friction. To address this, Stark and Vettel (Geotech Test J 15:24–32, 1992) have introduced the “Flush testing procedure” which involves adding remolded soil to the specimen and reconsolidate it, in order to minimize the wall friction. Although the procedure yielded satisfactory results, it is more time-consuming. This paper presents a comparison between a proposed preconsolidated presheared flush (P.P.F) and flush testing procedures. The test results showed that this procedure has successfully minimized the effect of wall friction, providing values lower than those obtained using the flush procedure in shorter time.
{"title":"A comparison between a proposed preconsolidated presheared flush (P.P.F) testing procedure and flush procedure to measure the drained residual strength","authors":"Djamel Eddine Djaafri, Mohamed Salah Nouaouria","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12066-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12066-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to its simple design and cost-effectiveness, Bromhead ring shear apparatus is widely used to assess the drained residual strength through various testing procedures such as single stage, preshearing, and multistage. However, when compared to back-calculated case histories, values obtained through these testing procedures were found to be higher due to wall friction. To address this, Stark and Vettel (Geotech Test J 15:24–32, 1992) have introduced the “Flush testing procedure” which involves adding remolded soil to the specimen and reconsolidate it, in order to minimize the wall friction. Although the procedure yielded satisfactory results, it is more time-consuming. This paper presents a comparison between a proposed preconsolidated presheared flush (P.P.F) and flush testing procedures. The test results showed that this procedure has successfully minimized the effect of wall friction, providing values lower than those obtained using the flush procedure in shorter time.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12065-5
Mengistu Gelasso, Temesgen Hordofa
This study aims to assess the woody species carbon stock in the Munessa dry Afromontane forest and its variations within plant community types, as well as altitudinal, slope, and aspect gradients. A systematic sampling technique was used to acquire vegetation data. At a 100-m altitudinal drop, five transect lines were established. Ten quadrats were laid on each transect line (total 50 quadrants) at 200-m distance intervals. The woody carbon was estimated using an appropriate allometric equation formulated for tropical forests. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R software. The results show that the total woody carbon stock of the Munessa forest is 210.43 t/ha. The analysis of variance revealed that woody carbon stock varied significantly along altitude, slope, and aspect gradients, whereas community types had no significant effect. Middle elevations (2367–2533 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.)), lower slopes (0–13%), and west-facing aspects had the highest mean carbon stock. The Podocarpus falcatus–Croton macrostachyus community type also contributed a higher woody carbon stock since larger tree size classes and older trees are dominant. Overall, the carbon sequestration potential of woody species in the studied forest is strongly associated with environmental variables. Furthermore, the uneven distribution of species with larger diameter at breast height (DBH) in the studied forest might be linked to anthropogenic factors, as the current forest growth indicates characteristics of a secondary forest. Therefore, the present study suggests developing and implementing a sustainable forest management strategy particularly prioritizing middle elevation, lower slope, and west aspects of the forest to maximize the forest’s carbon sequestration capacity.
{"title":"Woody carbon stock estimation and factors affecting their storage in Munessa forest, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Mengistu Gelasso, Temesgen Hordofa","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12065-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12065-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to assess the woody species carbon stock in the Munessa dry Afromontane forest and its variations within plant community types, as well as altitudinal, slope, and aspect gradients. A systematic sampling technique was used to acquire vegetation data. At a 100-m altitudinal drop, five transect lines were established. Ten quadrats were laid on each transect line (total 50 quadrants) at 200-m distance intervals. The woody carbon was estimated using an appropriate allometric equation formulated for tropical forests. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R software. The results show that the total woody carbon stock of the Munessa forest is 210.43 t/ha. The analysis of variance revealed that woody carbon stock varied significantly along altitude, slope, and aspect gradients, whereas community types had no significant effect. Middle elevations (2367–2533 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.)), lower slopes (0–13%), and west-facing aspects had the highest mean carbon stock. The <i>Podocarpus falcatus</i>–<i>Croton macrostachyus</i> community type also contributed a higher woody carbon stock since larger tree size classes and older trees are dominant. Overall, the carbon sequestration potential of woody species in the studied forest is strongly associated with environmental variables. Furthermore, the uneven distribution of species with larger diameter at breast height (DBH) in the studied forest might be linked to anthropogenic factors, as the current forest growth indicates characteristics of a secondary forest. Therefore, the present study suggests developing and implementing a sustainable forest management strategy particularly prioritizing middle elevation, lower slope, and west aspects of the forest to maximize the forest’s carbon sequestration capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12054-8
Aniruddha Uniyal, Rajiv Kumar
This article presents the integrated use of high-resolution satellite remote sensing, GIS, GPS, and geochemical analysis-based observations for mineral targeting in Baragaon area in Jhansi District of Uttar Pradesh in parts of Bundelkhand Craton in Central India. Digital image processing techniques of principal component (PC) transformation have been applied to IRS-P6 LISS-IV satellite data to extract drastic and subtle changes in the disposition, shape, and pattern of the landforms to identify the geomorphic anomalies. PC images have conspicuously highlighted the intersections of lineaments that have been demarcated as structural anomalies. On PC-3 images the geomorphic anomalies have been identified by semicircular to oval-shaped hills in Baragaon area and small circular and elongated hills in the west of Kuraicha. Structural anomalies identified in the area include the intersections of NW–SE and NE-SW trending lineaments in Baragaon, Bukhara, etc. The XRF analysis of rock samples from a geomorphic and structural anomaly zone (with visible host rocks) near Baragaon area has indicated the presence of iron-oxide bearing minerals with 42.13% Fe2O3. This study demonstrates that integrated use of geospatial and geochemical techniques can help in quickly zeroing in on the geomorphic and structural anomalies in an area of suitable host rocks. The present approach to mineral targeting helps reduce the area for detailed field investigations particularly in the hinterlands of the country and is time saving and economical.
{"title":"Integrated study of geospatial and geochemical techniques for mineral targeting in parts of Bundelkhand Craton in Jhansi District, U.P. (India)","authors":"Aniruddha Uniyal, Rajiv Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12054-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12054-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents the integrated use of high-resolution satellite remote sensing, GIS, GPS, and geochemical analysis-based observations for mineral targeting in Baragaon area in Jhansi District of Uttar Pradesh in parts of Bundelkhand Craton in Central India. Digital image processing techniques of principal component (PC) transformation have been applied to IRS-P6 LISS-IV satellite data to extract drastic and subtle changes in the disposition, shape, and pattern of the landforms to identify the geomorphic anomalies. PC images have conspicuously highlighted the intersections of lineaments that have been demarcated as structural anomalies. On PC-3 images the geomorphic anomalies have been identified by semicircular to oval-shaped hills in Baragaon area and small circular and elongated hills in the west of Kuraicha. Structural anomalies identified in the area include the intersections of NW–SE and NE-SW trending lineaments in Baragaon, Bukhara, etc. The XRF analysis of rock samples from a geomorphic and structural anomaly zone (with visible host rocks) near Baragaon area has indicated the presence of iron-oxide bearing minerals with 42.13% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. This study demonstrates that integrated use of geospatial and geochemical techniques can help in quickly zeroing in on the geomorphic and structural anomalies in an area of suitable host rocks. The present approach to mineral targeting helps reduce the area for detailed field investigations particularly in the hinterlands of the country and is time saving and economical.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12061-9
Faiza Kanwal, Shaine Mohammadali Lalji, Syed Imran Ali, Muneeb Burney, Muhammad Ovais Tariq, Leena Hasan Ahmed, Umer Ahmed Khan, Aashan Sheikh, Muhammad Salman
Geological formations rich in clay tend to undergo expansion upon contact with water-based drilling fluids. The principal mechanism responsible for the disintegration and swelling of these formations is the migration of hydrogen ions into the nano-scale gaps between layers of shale platelets. Effectively mitigating the challenge of clay swelling involves introducing various materials tailored for shale stabilization into water-based drilling mud. In this article, flaxseed mucilage is used as an environmentally friendly drilling fluid additive in a water-based mud system, with the goal of enhancing the rheological, filtration, and hydrophobic characteristics of the water-based mud. The flaxseed extract was added in the mud in four different concentrations (5 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL, and 50 mL). The result of the study reveals that the rheological properties at 38 and 65 degree centigrade after the addition of 10 mL and 20 mL flaxseed extract remained well within the recommended range set by the American Petroleum Institute (API). Both these samples also demonstrated transport index (> 1.5) at both the temperatures. Moreover, the flaxseed extract was also effective in minimizing the fluid loss from the base mud. The 20 mL of flaxseed extract causes only 15 mL of fluid loss from the base mud, which was also three times lower than the base mud. Additionally, the flaxseed extract muds were also tested on the Ranikot shale sample for its stability. According to the immersion test, samples collected from flaxseed mud demonstrated a smooth surface with no cracks and fractures. Furthermore, these immersed shale pellets also revealed high hydrophobic behavior when tested through contact angle measurement. The 20-mL sample showed the highest hydrophobic behavior with contact angle of 56.056 degrees. Besides this, the 20-mL sample also displayed the highest cutting recovery of 70% out of all the samples. In addition, the 20-mL flaxseed sample also showed less shale swelling behavior in linear dynamic swell-meter test. Almost 1.5 times reduction in shale swelling was recorded with the addition of 20 mL flaxseed extract in the base mud. In light of these compelling findings, the study underscores flaxseed’s potential as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional clay stabilizers in drilling operations, with the aim of minimizing formation damage.
{"title":"Flaxseed mucilage—a green additive for the enhancement of water-based mud system characteristics","authors":"Faiza Kanwal, Shaine Mohammadali Lalji, Syed Imran Ali, Muneeb Burney, Muhammad Ovais Tariq, Leena Hasan Ahmed, Umer Ahmed Khan, Aashan Sheikh, Muhammad Salman","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12061-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12061-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geological formations rich in clay tend to undergo expansion upon contact with water-based drilling fluids. The principal mechanism responsible for the disintegration and swelling of these formations is the migration of hydrogen ions into the nano-scale gaps between layers of shale platelets. Effectively mitigating the challenge of clay swelling involves introducing various materials tailored for shale stabilization into water-based drilling mud. In this article, flaxseed mucilage is used as an environmentally friendly drilling fluid additive in a water-based mud system, with the goal of enhancing the rheological, filtration, and hydrophobic characteristics of the water-based mud. The flaxseed extract was added in the mud in four different concentrations (5 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL, and 50 mL). The result of the study reveals that the rheological properties at 38 and 65 degree centigrade after the addition of 10 mL and 20 mL flaxseed extract remained well within the recommended range set by the American Petroleum Institute (API). Both these samples also demonstrated transport index <span>(> 1.5)</span> at both the temperatures. Moreover, the flaxseed extract was also effective in minimizing the fluid loss from the base mud. The 20 mL of flaxseed extract causes only 15 mL of fluid loss from the base mud, which was also three times lower than the base mud. Additionally, the flaxseed extract muds were also tested on the Ranikot shale sample for its stability. According to the immersion test, samples collected from flaxseed mud demonstrated a smooth surface with no cracks and fractures. Furthermore, these immersed shale pellets also revealed high hydrophobic behavior when tested through contact angle measurement. The 20-mL sample showed the highest hydrophobic behavior with contact angle of 56.056 degrees. Besides this, the 20-mL sample also displayed the highest cutting recovery of 70% out of all the samples. In addition, the 20-mL flaxseed sample also showed less shale swelling behavior in linear dynamic swell-meter test. Almost 1.5 times reduction in shale swelling was recorded with the addition of 20 mL flaxseed extract in the base mud. In light of these compelling findings, the study underscores flaxseed’s potential as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional clay stabilizers in drilling operations, with the aim of minimizing formation damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12058-4
Sair Kahraman, Muhammed Ozbek, Masoud Rostami, Mustafa Fener, Andrei Andras, Florin Dumitru Popescu
Microwave treatment is one of the research topics to solve cutting problems of hard rocks such as low cutting rate and high tool wear. Microwave irradiation creates fractures in the rock body and decreases its strength. Numerous studies have been conducted to ascertain how microwaves affect the strength of rocks. Ten carbonate rocks are examined in this paper to see how microwaving affects their strength. First, unconfined compression and tensile strength tests were conducted on unirradiated dry and saturated core specimens. Following that, the two tests were performed again on samples that had been exposed to radiation for varying amounts of time—between 2 and 6 min—at a microwave power of 6 kW. The results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength loss due to microwave irradiation was between 9.0 and 90.0% and 7.3 and 92.0% for the dry and saturated samples, respectively. Tensile strength loss was between 15.6 and 62.7% and 23.2 and 63.1% for the dry and saturated samples, respectively. The efficiency of treating carbonate rocks with microwaves is significantly impacted by density, porosity, and impurities. Multiple regression equations were derived to estimate the strength losses. Concluding remark is that the strength reductions due to microwaves are significant for carbonate rocks.
{"title":"Investigating the changes in the strength of carbonate rocks exposed to microwave energy","authors":"Sair Kahraman, Muhammed Ozbek, Masoud Rostami, Mustafa Fener, Andrei Andras, Florin Dumitru Popescu","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12058-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12058-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microwave treatment is one of the research topics to solve cutting problems of hard rocks such as low cutting rate and high tool wear. Microwave irradiation creates fractures in the rock body and decreases its strength. Numerous studies have been conducted to ascertain how microwaves affect the strength of rocks. Ten carbonate rocks are examined in this paper to see how microwaving affects their strength. First, unconfined compression and tensile strength tests were conducted on unirradiated dry and saturated core specimens. Following that, the two tests were performed again on samples that had been exposed to radiation for varying amounts of time—between 2 and 6 min—at a microwave power of 6 kW. The results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength loss due to microwave irradiation was between 9.0 and 90.0% and 7.3 and 92.0% for the dry and saturated samples, respectively. Tensile strength loss was between 15.6 and 62.7% and 23.2 and 63.1% for the dry and saturated samples, respectively. The efficiency of treating carbonate rocks with microwaves is significantly impacted by density, porosity, and impurities. Multiple regression equations were derived to estimate the strength losses. Concluding remark is that the strength reductions due to microwaves are significant for carbonate rocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil erosion poses a severe threat to water quality and soil health in semi-arid regions. Assessing soil erosion and sedimentation at the watershed-scale is crucial for managing water resources and soil. In Iran, empirical models, e.g., the erosion potential method (EPM), modified Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee (MPSIAC), and universal soil loss equation (USLE), have drawn more attention than other models, due to the availability of input data and lack of reliable hydrometric station, especially for a long time span. In the present article, we evaluated the soil erosion intensity and sediment yield in the Chehelgazi mountainous watershed (western Iran) utilizing the EPM, MPSIAC, and USLE, combined with the sediment delivery ratio (SDR) module, and then compared them with the observations. The required input data for EPM, MPSIAC, and USLE models all were created in ArcMap 10.8 and ENVI 5.5. The sediment yield amount and soil erosion zonation map were then obtained by the models mentioned and validated by the hydrometric data. According to the results, most portions of the watershed were subject to moderate erosion risk. Moreover, the annual average sediment yield of 196.86, 99.30, and 84.84 kt year−1 assessed by EPM, MPSIAC, and USLE combined with SDR, respectively, suggested the superiority of USLE-SDR and MPSIAC. As compared with the observed amounts of 86.46 kt year −1, the efficiency of USLE-SDR was astonishing. Overall, we conclude that the USLE model coupled with the Boyce (1975) SDR formula is the best for estimating sediment yield at Chehelgazi mountainous watersheds, while MPSIAC is better suited for mapping soil erosion state.
{"title":"Assessing soil erosion and sedimentation in the Chehelgazi mountainous watershed, Iran, using GIS and RS","authors":"Masoud Davari, Elham Ahmadi Aghdam, Naser Khaleghpanah, Aref Bahmani","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12057-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12057-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil erosion poses a severe threat to water quality and soil health in semi-arid regions. Assessing soil erosion and sedimentation at the watershed-scale is crucial for managing water resources and soil. In Iran, empirical models, e.g., the erosion potential method (EPM), modified Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee (MPSIAC), and universal soil loss equation (USLE), have drawn more attention than other models, due to the availability of input data and lack of reliable hydrometric station, especially for a long time span. In the present article, we evaluated the soil erosion intensity and sediment yield in the Chehelgazi mountainous watershed (western Iran) utilizing the EPM, MPSIAC, and USLE, combined with the sediment delivery ratio (SDR) module, and then compared them with the observations. The required input data for EPM, MPSIAC, and USLE models all were created in ArcMap 10.8 and ENVI 5.5. The sediment yield amount and soil erosion zonation map were then obtained by the models mentioned and validated by the hydrometric data. According to the results, most portions of the watershed were subject to moderate erosion risk. Moreover, the annual average sediment yield of 196.86, 99.30, and 84.84 kt year<sup>−1</sup> assessed by EPM, MPSIAC, and USLE combined with SDR, respectively, suggested the superiority of USLE-SDR and MPSIAC. As compared with the observed amounts of 86.46 kt year <sup>−1</sup>, the efficiency of USLE-SDR was astonishing. Overall, we conclude that the USLE model coupled with the Boyce (1975) SDR formula is the best for estimating sediment yield at Chehelgazi mountainous watersheds, while MPSIAC is better suited for mapping soil erosion state.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12060-w
Ligbwah Victor Wotanie, Ngong Roger Ngia, Ndip Edwin Ayuk, Djieto Lordon Anatole, Mokake Fidelis Esue, Ayuk Egbe Samuel, Christopher M. Agyingi
The geochemistry of Paleogene strata (sandstones and shales) of the N’kapa Formation in part of the western Douala Basin has been studied through major, trace, and rare earth elements (REEs) in order to understand their provenance and tectonic settings. The NF sandstones and shale are clustered around granodiorite with minor contributions from granitic source. The samples show high and fairly constant Th/Sc ratios 0.64–6.9 for sandstone and 1.01–8.7 for shale that strongly indicate provenance from a relatively evolved igneous source (mafic) also different geochemical signatures of Eu/Eu*, La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc, Th/Co, Zr/Sc, Cr/V, and Y/Ni ratios, and their plots suggest a mafic igneous provenance with substantial sediment recycling. Geochemical signatures from plots of The La/Th–Hf diagram, La/Sc vs Ti/Zr, and Fe2O3 + MgO vs TiO2 tectonic discrimination diagrams show that the studied rocks were deposited mainly in a passive continental margin setting. The large quantities of alkalis classify the rocks as wackes, Fe-sand, shale, and Fe-shale. The studied lithofacies have been classified based on Al–Fe-Mn enrichment as follows: terrigenous and metalliferous rocks.
{"title":"Inorganic geochemistry of Paleogene strata in the N’kapa Formation of the western Douala Basin, Cameroon: implications for provenance and tectonic settings","authors":"Ligbwah Victor Wotanie, Ngong Roger Ngia, Ndip Edwin Ayuk, Djieto Lordon Anatole, Mokake Fidelis Esue, Ayuk Egbe Samuel, Christopher M. Agyingi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12060-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12060-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The geochemistry of Paleogene strata (sandstones and shales) of the N’kapa Formation in part of the western Douala Basin has been studied through major, trace, and rare earth elements (REEs) in order to understand their provenance and tectonic settings. The NF sandstones and shale are clustered around granodiorite with minor contributions from granitic source. The samples show high and fairly constant Th/Sc ratios 0.64–6.9 for sandstone and 1.01–8.7 for shale that strongly indicate provenance from a relatively evolved igneous source (mafic) also different geochemical signatures of Eu/Eu*, La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Sc, Th/Co, Zr/Sc, Cr/V, and Y/Ni ratios, and their plots suggest a mafic igneous provenance with substantial sediment recycling. Geochemical signatures from plots of The La/Th–Hf diagram, La/Sc vs Ti/Zr, and Fe2O3 + MgO vs TiO2 tectonic discrimination diagrams show that the studied rocks were deposited mainly in a passive continental margin setting. The large quantities of alkalis classify the rocks as wackes, Fe-sand, shale, and Fe-shale. The studied lithofacies have been classified based on Al–Fe-Mn enrichment as follows: terrigenous and metalliferous rocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An investigation was done to determine the texture, organic matter content, and geochemical characteristics of sediments collected from the continental shelf of the South Western Bay of Bengal. The present study portrays the abundance of sand followed by slightly muddy sand, muddy sand, sandy mud, sandy, and slightly sandy mud in the study area. The mean size of the sediment ranges from 0.40 to 3.57 mm (coarse sand to very fine sand). The sediments are very well to very poorly sorted, coarsely skewed to fine skewed, and platykurtic to very leptokurtic in nature. Trace metals, such as Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni were analyzed. A relatively high percentage of organic matter is attributed to the predominance of finer sediments entering through the minor and major rivers. The higher trace metal concentration in the study area is closely associated with mud content and Fe is the most abundant trace metal in the study area. Formation of Fe- and Mn-hydroxides in the near-shore regions is responsible for scavenging Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr and effectively incorporating them into the inner shelf sediments. Among all the trace metals, the concentration of Co, Pb, Cr, and Ni is found to be higher than the average crustal abundance value marking the role of anthropogenic sources predominantly from industrial, agricultural, scrap metal recycling, sewage, and tourism activities.
{"title":"Textural and geochemical evaluation of the surface sediments from the continental shelf of Southwestern Bay of Bengal, India","authors":"Harikrishnan Sadanandan, Senthil Nathan Dharmalingam, Mouttoucomarassamy Sridharan, Jiyadh Thanveer, Gopika Gopakumar, Om Swaroop Mohanty","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12055-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12055-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An investigation was done to determine the texture, organic matter content, and geochemical characteristics of sediments collected from the continental shelf of the South Western Bay of Bengal. The present study portrays the abundance of sand followed by slightly muddy sand, muddy sand, sandy mud, sandy, and slightly sandy mud in the study area. The mean size of the sediment ranges from 0.40 to 3.57 mm (coarse sand to very fine sand). The sediments are very well to very poorly sorted, coarsely skewed to fine skewed, and platykurtic to very leptokurtic in nature. Trace metals, such as Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni were analyzed. A relatively high percentage of organic matter is attributed to the predominance of finer sediments entering through the minor and major rivers. The higher trace metal concentration in the study area is closely associated with mud content and Fe is the most abundant trace metal in the study area. Formation of Fe- and Mn-hydroxides in the near-shore regions is responsible for scavenging Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr and effectively incorporating them into the inner shelf sediments. Among all the trace metals, the concentration of Co, Pb, Cr, and Ni is found to be higher than the average crustal abundance value marking the role of anthropogenic sources predominantly from industrial, agricultural, scrap metal recycling, sewage, and tourism activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1007/s12517-024-12051-x
Yuganshu Badetiya, Mahesh Barale
Abstract
An economic development, crop production, and socioeconomic development highly dependent on the availability of groundwater resources in nearby areas. In order to manage groundwater sustainably, it is crucial to predict groundwater levels. Analysis of groundwater levels along with various influential factors becomes possible due to the availability of remotely sensed geospatial data. The spatially differing groundwater level is highly influenced by the geographical factors called influential factors as like elevation and slope. In the present study, we use the spatial regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models for predicting the groundwater level. The GWR model gives comparatively satisfactory results as compared to the three variants of the spatial regression models with lower Bayesian information criterion value (1101.04) and highest (R^2) value (0.84). It can be noted that the factors of vegetation index, drought index, elevation, and topographic position positively affect the groundwater level. While the factors of roughness, surface temperature, precipitation, and runoff are affected negatively. The current study highlights that GWR model is useful for exploring the spatial relationships between the different influencing factors and the groundwater level.
Graphical abstract
Prediction groundwater level using geographically weighted regression
{"title":"Modeling groundwater level using geographically weighted regression","authors":"Yuganshu Badetiya, Mahesh Barale","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12051-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12051-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An economic development, crop production, and socioeconomic development highly dependent on the availability of groundwater resources in nearby areas. In order to manage groundwater sustainably, it is crucial to predict groundwater levels. Analysis of groundwater levels along with various influential factors becomes possible due to the availability of remotely sensed geospatial data. The spatially differing groundwater level is highly influenced by the geographical factors called influential factors as like elevation and slope. In the present study, we use the spatial regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models for predicting the groundwater level. The GWR model gives comparatively satisfactory results as compared to the three variants of the spatial regression models with lower Bayesian information criterion value (1101.04) and highest <span>(R^2)</span> value (0.84). It can be noted that the factors of vegetation index, drought index, elevation, and topographic position positively affect the groundwater level. While the factors of roughness, surface temperature, precipitation, and runoff are affected negatively. The current study highlights that GWR model is useful for exploring the spatial relationships between the different influencing factors and the groundwater level.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3><p>Prediction groundwater level using geographically weighted regression</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}