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Brand Blunders and Race in Advertising: Issues, Implications, and Potential Actions from a Macromarketing Perspective 广告中的品牌模糊和种族:宏观营销视角下的问题、含义和潜在行动
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231178550
Hyunsun Yoon, Aidan Kelly
This pedagogic commentary introduces the concept of “brand blunders” to the macromarketing literature and considers the interaction between advertising, race, and society from a macromarketing perspective. We first analyze relevant literature on cultural stereotyping in advertising for both gender and race, and evaluate consumer responses to ideologies in advertisements. Three prominent recent racial controversies are selected to examine the nature of the advertising imagery, consumer interpretations of the advertisements in question, and the company responses to the public furor created by these campaigns. We then consider the issues, implications, and potential actions for macromarketing raised by these examples, and some key research questions that arise for future macromarketing scholarship. The commentary is intended to provide macromarketing educators with a summary of the key knowledge base on the relationship between advertising, race, and society, for use in courses in advertising, brand management, consumer research, innovation management, marketing communications, and marketing strategy.
这篇教学评论将“品牌失误”的概念引入了宏观营销文献,并从宏观营销的角度考虑了广告、种族和社会之间的互动。我们首先分析了有关性别和种族广告中文化刻板印象的相关文献,并评估了消费者对广告中意识形态的反应。选取了最近三个突出的种族争议来研究广告形象的性质、消费者对相关广告的解释,以及公司对这些活动引起的公众愤怒的反应。然后,我们考虑了这些例子对宏观营销提出的问题、影响和潜在行动,以及未来宏观营销学术中出现的一些关键研究问题。该评论旨在为宏观营销教育工作者提供关于广告、种族和社会之间关系的关键知识库的摘要,用于广告、品牌管理、消费者研究、创新管理、营销传播和营销策略的课程。
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引用次数: 0
The Emergence of a New Business Approach in the Fashion and Apparel Industry: The Ethical Retailer 时尚和服装行业新商业模式的出现:道德零售商
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231180456
Livia Tiemi Bastos Rudolph, Mariana Bassi Suter, S. R. Barakat
This study sought to examine new marketing ethics (ME) practices that can foster strong moral grounding in the fashion and apparel retail firms to delineate a new approach within this industry. We built on the distributive justice and stakeholder orientation literature to conduct a multi-case study with 15 self-proclaimed ethical fashion and apparel retailers to identify whether and how they differ from traditional and fast fashion retailers. Several data collection techniques were used to gather the evidence (i.e., direct observation, physical and online interviews) combined with a netnographic approach (i.e., online observation of websites and social media content). Our findings show that these firms are guided by ethical-centered values, which are reflected in their product components, purpose, communication practices, and sourcing practices, which point to the emergence of a new business approach. We contribute to the macromarketing literature by identifying a new perspective on the role of morality in ME based on distributive justice principles and stakeholder orientation. We also propose a more refined definition of ethical fashion and apparel retailers.
本研究旨在研究新的营销伦理(ME)实践,这些实践可以在时尚和服装零售公司中培养强大的道德基础,以描绘该行业的新方法。我们以分配公正和利益相关者导向的文献为基础,对15家自称道德的时尚和服装零售商进行了多案例研究,以确定他们与传统和快时尚零售商是否不同,以及如何不同。使用了几种数据收集技术来收集证据(即直接观察、物理和在线访谈),并结合了网络方法(即对网站和社交媒体内容的在线观察)。我们的研究结果表明,这些公司以道德为中心的价值观为指导,这反映在他们的产品组成、目的、沟通实践和采购实践中,这表明了一种新的商业方法的出现。我们通过基于分配正义原则和利益相关者导向确定道德在ME中的作用的新视角,为宏观营销文献做出了贡献。我们还建议对道德时尚和服装零售商进行更精确的定义。
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引用次数: 0
An Assessment of the Supreme Court's Ruling in South Dakota V. Wayfair: A Macromarketing Case Study 对南达科他州诉Wayfair案最高法院判决的评估:宏观营销案例研究
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231171548
R. Adams
Years ago Shelby Hunt noted that cromarketing focuses on marketing systems, the impact of marketing systems on society, and the impact and consequences of society on marketing systems. The ruling by the United States Supreme Court enabling states to require remote sellers to collect and remit sales taxes on in-state purchases exemplifies the latter. Imposing a new tax burden on previously untaxed remote sellers has the power to alter the structure of retailing and impact consumer welfare. Responding to “new economic realities,” the Court reversed long-standing precedent requiring that sellers must have a physical presence in the state to be subject to taxation. Proponents viewed this as a major step in restoring lost tax revenues to the states. Critics point to the inconsistency of the Court's ruling with stare decisis, the regressive nature of sales taxes, and recent public policy mandates stemming from the Covid pandemic. Although the Wayfair ruling is now the law and many of the concerns voiced prior to the Court's action seem to have been unfounded, the macromarketing implications remain. The potential impact of public policy on retailing cannot be ignored nor should the regressive nature of an increase in sales taxes on income inequality be overlooked. Additionally, there remain questions of fairness and administration with the ruling. Students of macromarketing should not ignore these issues. The responsibility to examine the impact of society—and the Court—on marketing systems was reinforced years ago by Bartels and Jenkins: “…the goal of marketing is the achievement of entrepreneurial goals in a manner consistent with the best overall interests of society… Macro models represent value judgments made by society for society; by governments in the form of laws, administrative orders, and judicial decisions…and by others who assume the role of advocating what is best for the general welfare.”
几年前Shelby Hunt指出,cromarketing关注营销系统,营销系统对社会的影响,以及社会对营销系统的影响和后果。美国最高法院的裁决允许各州要求远程卖家对州内购买的商品征收和缴纳销售税,这就是后者的例证。对以前免税的远程卖家施加新的税收负担,有可能改变零售结构,影响消费者福利。为了应对“新的经济现实”,法院推翻了长期以来的先例,即卖家必须在该州有实体存在才能纳税。支持者认为这是恢复各州税收损失的重要一步。批评者指出,最高法院的裁决与凝视判决不一致,销售税的倒退性质,以及最近新冠肺炎疫情导致的公共政策授权。尽管Wayfair的裁决现在已经成为法律,而且在法院采取行动之前表达的许多担忧似乎都是没有根据的,但宏观营销的影响仍然存在。公共政策对零售业的潜在影响不容忽视,也不应忽视销售税增加对收入不平等的倒退性质。此外,裁决的公正性和管理性仍然存在问题。宏观营销专业的学生不应忽视这些问题。Bartels和Jenkins几年前加强了审查社会和法院对营销系统影响的责任:“……营销的目标是以符合社会最佳整体利益的方式实现创业目标… 宏观模型代表社会对社会的价值判断;政府以法律、行政命令和司法裁决的形式……以及其他人,他们承担着倡导对公众福利最有利的角色。”
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引用次数: 0
The Curvilinear Role of Trust in Marketing Systems: Analysis of a Moderated-Mediation Model with Hierarchical Linear Modeling 信任在营销系统中的曲线作用:基于层次线性模型的有调节中介模型分析
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231172157
K. T. Manis, Seth Cockrell, Wesley Friske
Trust has long been recognized as an important component of marketing systems. However, while macromarketing researchers argue that a lack of trust in business can impact other components of marketing systems, very few empirical studies in marketing investigate the determinants or outcomes associated with this type of trust. Accordingly, we begin with the premise that trust in major corporations is a critical, micro-level attitude that affects the performance of a marketing system. Then, we investigate the factors that influence trust in major corporations by analyzing how perceptions of government involvement in business, political ideology, and other attitudinal and demographic variables affect trust. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we find that trust has a curvilinear relationship with perceptions of free-market competition, in which too much trust, or too little, leads to negative perceptions - trust plays a critical mediating role in constructing beliefs about free markets. Additionally, we show that macroeconomic variables influence the first stage of attitude formation toward major corporations, with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and foreign direct investment (FDI) acting as moderators in our analysis. Overall, the multi-level moderated-mediation model used in this research embodies a true systems approach to the analysis of marketing systems by demonstrating how the economic outcomes of marketing systems (e.g., GDP and FDI) can also have feedback effects on participants within a marketing system.
信任一直被认为是营销系统的重要组成部分。然而,尽管宏观营销研究人员认为,对企业缺乏信任会影响营销系统的其他组成部分,但很少有营销方面的实证研究调查与这种信任相关的决定因素或结果。因此,我们从一个前提开始,即对大公司的信任是一种关键的、微观层面的态度,它会影响营销系统的绩效。然后,我们通过分析政府参与商业、政治意识形态以及其他态度和人口变量如何影响信任来研究影响大公司信任的因素。使用层次线性模型,我们发现信任与自由市场竞争的感知呈曲线关系,其中过多或过少的信任导致负面感知-信任在构建关于自由市场的信念中起着关键的中介作用。此外,我们表明宏观经济变量影响对大公司态度形成的第一阶段,人均国内生产总值(GDP)和外国直接投资(FDI)在我们的分析中起调节作用。总体而言,本研究中使用的多层次调节中介模型体现了一种真正的系统方法来分析营销系统,展示了营销系统的经济结果(如GDP和FDI)如何也可以对营销系统内的参与者产生反馈效应。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring Value Created for and by Stakeholders 衡量利益相关者创造的价值
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231174426
Philip Sugai, Gautam Mahajan
This paper outlines how value can be measured across four elements of the firm/stakeholder relationship beyond standard economic measures. It takes into account the perception of financial value along with non-financial benefits provided and received by the firm and its stakeholders. Focusing only upon the economic or financial outcomes of such relationships can lead to erroneous results as the money spent may not create value for the receiver, and could even do significant harm. The aggregation of views across different firms together with the perceptions of various stakeholders will allow for comparisons between firms and stakeholders. Applying this conceptual model will also reveal what is important to the firm versus what is important to the stakeholder. This paper proposes an improved approach to conceptualizing and measuring net value in which businesses can see if the value they provide exceeds the value they receive from stakeholders and vice versa.
本文概述了如何在标准经济指标之外,通过企业/利益相关者关系的四个要素来衡量价值。它考虑了公司及其利益相关者对财务价值的感知以及提供和获得的非财务利益。只关注这种关系的经济或财务结果可能会导致错误的结果,因为所花的钱可能不会为接受者创造价值,甚至可能造成重大伤害。将不同公司的观点与不同利益相关者的看法相结合,可以在公司和利益相关者之间进行比较。应用这个概念模型还将揭示什么对公司重要,什么对利益相关者重要。本文提出了一种概念化和衡量净值的改进方法,企业可以看到他们提供的价值是否超过了从利益相关者那里获得的价值,反之亦然。
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引用次数: 0
Firms’ Sustainability Marketing Commitment: The Roles of Chief Marketing Officers’ Future Focus and Prosocial Motivation 企业可持续营销承诺:首席营销官未来关注与亲社会动机的作用
4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231174027
Nguyen N. Q. Thu, Nguyen Dinh Tho
Drawing upon the time perspective and self-determination theories, this study examined the role of two personal resources of chief marketing officers (CMOs), including future focus and prosocial motivations (pleasure-based and pressure-based), in firms’ sustainability marketing commitment in Vietnam, an emerging and transitioning market. The results produced by structural equation modeling, based on a sample of 286 CMOs of firms, revealed that CMOs’ future focus had a positive effect on firms’ sustainability marketing commitment. In addition, pleasure-based and pressure-based motivations partially mediated the relationship between CMOs’ future focus and firms’ sustainability marketing commitment. The results produced by necessary condition analysis demonstrated that, among three CMOs’ personal resources, only CMOs’ pleasure-based prosocial motivation plays the role of a necessary condition for the presence of firms’ sustainability marketing commitment. The study findings highlight the role of CMOs’ personal resources in achieving sustainability marketing of firms in emerging and transitioning markets.
利用时间视角和自我决定理论,本研究考察了首席营销官(cmo)的两种个人资源,包括未来焦点和亲社会动机(基于快乐和基于压力)在越南这个新兴和转型市场中企业可持续营销承诺中的作用。基于286家企业首席营销官样本的结构方程模型结果显示,首席营销官对未来的关注对企业的可持续营销承诺有正向影响。此外,快乐动机和压力动机在cmo未来关注与企业可持续营销承诺之间的关系中起到部分中介作用。必要条件分析的结果表明,在三个首席营销官的个人资源中,只有首席营销官的愉悦型亲社会动机是企业可持续营销承诺存在的必要条件。研究结果强调了cmo个人资源在新兴市场和转型市场中实现企业可持续营销中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Politicized Tourism Consumption 政治化旅游消费
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231171892
Michelle I-Chieh Yang
This commentary examines the increasing politicization of tourism and attempts to theorize the phenomenon through a multilevel analysis. Tourism scholars have examined the link between politics and tourism through the prism of sustainability, terrorism, geopolitics, and tourism development. However, these studies have focused on different tourism activities or encounters without theorizing the relationship between politics and tourism consumption. This commentary argues that the increasing influence of nationalism in global politics, which also affects tourism consumption, requires a new conceptualization. The theoretical premise of political consumption is used to guide the multilevel (macro, meso, and micro) analysis of two recent tourist boycotts: 1) the THAAD incident between South Korea and China and 2) the APA boycott by Chinese tourists.
这篇评论探讨了旅游业日益政治化的现象,并试图通过多层次的分析将这一现象理论化。旅游学者通过可持续性、恐怖主义、地缘政治和旅游发展的棱镜研究了政治与旅游之间的联系。然而,这些研究侧重于不同的旅游活动或遭遇,没有理论化政治与旅游消费之间的关系。这篇评论认为,民族主义在全球政治中的影响力越来越大,这也影响了旅游消费,需要一个新的概念。本文以政治消费的理论前提为指导,对近期发生的两起游客抵制事件(1)中韩“萨德”事件和2)中国游客抵制APA事件进行多层次(宏观、中观、微观)分析。
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引用次数: 2
Toward Market Orchestration of Distributive Justice: Rearticulation of the Integrative Justice Model for Social Programs 走向分配正义的市场协调——社会项目综合正义模式的再表述
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231170864
Ashley Deutsch
This article takes a structural approach to understand how complex organizations, in this case public school districts in the United States, implement programs to promote greater justice for consumers. Drawing on the integrative justice model as a guide, this study uses deductive grounded theory and axial coding to understand how social programs, such as the National School Lunch Program, both orchestrate and obstruct distributive justice (DJ). Leaning on public policy and macromarketing literature and using ethnographic data as a guide, the study proposes a market orchestration model of DJ to offer guidance on how social programs can promote greater DJ.
本文采用结构方法来理解复杂的组织(在本例中是美国的公立学区)如何实施项目以促进消费者获得更大的公平。本研究以综合正义模型为指导,运用演绎扎根理论和轴向编码来理解国家学校午餐计划等社会项目如何协调和阻碍分配正义(DJ)。本研究以公共政策和宏观营销文献为基础,以民族志数据为指导,提出了DJ的市场编排模型,为社会项目如何促进更大的DJ提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Ad Hoc Reviewers Journal of Macromarketing Volume 43, Number 2, June 2023 《宏观营销杂志》第43卷第2期,2023年6月
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231169571
Xiaoling Guo
Andres Barrios, Universidad de los Andes, Columbia Richard Glavee-Geo, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Xiaoling Guo, University of International Business and Economics, China Joya Kemper, University of Auckland, New Zealand Angelina Le, USA Miranda Mirosa, University of Otago, New Zealand Shoaib Padela, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Chloe Preece, ESCP Business School, France Sangah Song, Indiana University East, USA
安德烈斯·巴里奥斯、洛斯安第斯大学、哥伦比亚大学Richard Glavee-Geo、南洋理工大学-挪威科技大学、挪威郭晓玲、对外经济贸易大学、中国Joya Kemper、新西兰奥克兰大学Angelina Le、美国Miranda Mirosa、新西兰奥塔哥大学Shoaib Padela、新西兰奥克兰理工大学Chloe Preece、ESCP商学院、法国Sangah Song、美国印第安纳大学东部分校
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引用次数: 0
Calling for Cancellation: Understanding how Markets Are Shaped to Realign With Prevailing Societal Values 呼吁取消:理解市场是如何与主流社会价值观重新调整的
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/02761467231168874
Vladimir Demsar, C. Ferraro, July Nguyen, S. Sands
Cancellations, often referred to derogatively as “cancel culture”, are becoming increasingly pervasive in public discourse, political debate, and the marketing field. Cancellations pose a clear threat to established market actors and have the potential to re-organize institutional structures. However, empirical work investigating this phenomenon is limited. This study adopts an institutional theory lens to investigate how calls for brand cancellation unfold. In doing so, it provides insight into how markets are shaped to realign with prevailing institutional logics around political ideology, race, gender, sexuality, abuse, and corporate greed. Further, it outlines the triggers that prompt institutional entrepreneurs to attempt to delegitimize the existence of incumbent brands. It also reveals how various actors (consumers, brands, media, affiliates, influencers, opponents) engage in institutional work to disrupt, create, or maintain institutional logics, as well as their own legitimacy. Macro implications for social values, political factions, markets, marketing practices, and brands are discussed.
取消,通常被贬义地称为“取消文化”,在公共话语、政治辩论和营销领域正变得越来越普遍。取消对现有的市场参与者构成明显威胁,并有可能重新组织机构结构。然而,调查这一现象的实证工作是有限的。本研究采用制度理论的视角来考察品牌取消的呼声是如何展开的。在此过程中,它深入了解了市场是如何形成的,以便与围绕政治意识形态、种族、性别、性、虐待和企业贪婪的主流制度逻辑重新协调一致。此外,它还概述了促使机构企业家试图使现有品牌的存在合法化的触发因素。它还揭示了各种行动者(消费者、品牌、媒体、附属机构、影响者、对手)如何参与制度性工作,以破坏、创造或维持制度性逻辑,以及他们自己的合法性。对社会价值观、政治派别、市场、营销实践和品牌的宏观影响进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Macromarketing
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