The issue of marketing efficiency, or how to better transform inputs into outputs within a marketing system, has always occupied a special place in the macromarketing literature. The concept of marketing efficiency has not been studied in closed and isolated systems that exhibit distinctive behavioral patterns compared to conventional open systems and can explain important and understudied marketing phenomena, including autarky. This study challenges some of the conventional premises of marketing systems by defining autarky as a closed marketing system that 1) operates with the specific purpose of propaganda in a relatively predictable and efficient manner; 2) has minimal, though not entirely absent, interaction with the international environment; and 3) involves participants (actors) who do not engage in voluntary exchanges with one another but rather collectively, as well as individually, adhere consistently to the self-reliance ideology. We demonstrate how a classical thermodynamic model (i.e., the Carnot cycle for maximum energy efficiency) can be metaphorically associated with the behavior of the North Korean autarkic system to better understand the long-term efficiency of its propaganda machine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a holistic metaphorical framework for exploring the efficiency of an autarkic system and to establish common criteria for measuring relationships between autarkic properties and autarkic processes.
{"title":"Marketing Efficiency of Autarkic Systems: The Case of North Korea","authors":"Dobromir Kirilov Stoyanov, Rumyana Dobreva Stoyanova, Kiril Stoyanov Stoyanov","doi":"10.1177/02761467241238747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241238747","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of marketing efficiency, or how to better transform inputs into outputs within a marketing system, has always occupied a special place in the macromarketing literature. The concept of marketing efficiency has not been studied in closed and isolated systems that exhibit distinctive behavioral patterns compared to conventional open systems and can explain important and understudied marketing phenomena, including autarky. This study challenges some of the conventional premises of marketing systems by defining autarky as a closed marketing system that 1) operates with the specific purpose of propaganda in a relatively predictable and efficient manner; 2) has minimal, though not entirely absent, interaction with the international environment; and 3) involves participants (actors) who do not engage in voluntary exchanges with one another but rather collectively, as well as individually, adhere consistently to the self-reliance ideology. We demonstrate how a classical thermodynamic model (i.e., the Carnot cycle for maximum energy efficiency) can be metaphorically associated with the behavior of the North Korean autarkic system to better understand the long-term efficiency of its propaganda machine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a holistic metaphorical framework for exploring the efficiency of an autarkic system and to establish common criteria for measuring relationships between autarkic properties and autarkic processes.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/02761467241237138
Hélène Cristini, Arch G. Woodside, Hannele Kauppinen-Räisänen
While prior research describes the transformation of luxury from a micro level with an individualistic focus to a macro level with a sustainable foundation, this study anticipates that a radical reconfiguration of individualistic-focused luxury and tourism to a meta level well-being perspective is necessary for nurturing a positive Anthropocene. Therefore, the study constructs the perspective that luxury and tourism can contribute to environmental and human well-being, which is transformative from an individualistic, dolce vita, luxury travel Zeitgeist (i.e., complementing Roth's tragedy, The Human Stain) to collective well-being that is authentic and holistically encompassing the entire ecosystem. The analyses here indicate that human attitudes, beliefs, and actions must change radically in configurations to embrace this meta-level luxury and tourism perspectives. The theoretical and practical reconfigurations include shifting from being selfish to generous, temporal to everlasting, exclusive to inclusive, hubris to humility, and linear to circular.
{"title":"Shifting from Individual Opulence to Collective Well-Being: Replacing Luxury and Tourism as Human Stains by Nurturing a Positive Anthropocene","authors":"Hélène Cristini, Arch G. Woodside, Hannele Kauppinen-Räisänen","doi":"10.1177/02761467241237138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241237138","url":null,"abstract":"While prior research describes the transformation of luxury from a micro level with an individualistic focus to a macro level with a sustainable foundation, this study anticipates that a radical reconfiguration of individualistic-focused luxury and tourism to a meta level well-being perspective is necessary for nurturing a positive Anthropocene. Therefore, the study constructs the perspective that luxury and tourism can contribute to environmental and human well-being, which is transformative from an individualistic, dolce vita, luxury travel Zeitgeist (i.e., complementing Roth's tragedy, The Human Stain) to collective well-being that is authentic and holistically encompassing the entire ecosystem. The analyses here indicate that human attitudes, beliefs, and actions must change radically in configurations to embrace this meta-level luxury and tourism perspectives. The theoretical and practical reconfigurations include shifting from being selfish to generous, temporal to everlasting, exclusive to inclusive, hubris to humility, and linear to circular.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1177/02761467241238184
Kelley Cours Anderson, Hans Hansen, Debra Laverie
This study explores how technology attains agency in a service system. By applying a systems view through the lenses of service-dominant logic and actor-network theory (ANT), we clarify and conceptualize resource and agency forms for a technology as it connects with other actors in a network as part of the value cocreation process. We conduct a qualitative study to explore a technology's role (i.e., VR-tours) in the residential real estate market. We find that VR-tour technology gains causal agency through others’ connection to and reliance on the technology. As value is determined, there is potential for structural agency, where it cocreates and transforms valuations, influencing actors to renegotiate their roles and practices and enabling value destabilization in the marketing system. Theoretical and macromarketing implications are discussed.
{"title":"Technology has Agency too! Disentangling Technology's Causal and Structural Agency in a Service System","authors":"Kelley Cours Anderson, Hans Hansen, Debra Laverie","doi":"10.1177/02761467241238184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241238184","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how technology attains agency in a service system. By applying a systems view through the lenses of service-dominant logic and actor-network theory (ANT), we clarify and conceptualize resource and agency forms for a technology as it connects with other actors in a network as part of the value cocreation process. We conduct a qualitative study to explore a technology's role (i.e., VR-tours) in the residential real estate market. We find that VR-tour technology gains causal agency through others’ connection to and reliance on the technology. As value is determined, there is potential for structural agency, where it cocreates and transforms valuations, influencing actors to renegotiate their roles and practices and enabling value destabilization in the marketing system. Theoretical and macromarketing implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, more than 1.2 billion people depend directly on nature for their basic needs. These nature-dependent subsistence communities (NDSCs) bear the brunt of environmental disruptions caused by climate change. Prevailing climate solutions crafted by external “experts” often pursue narrow technocratic objectives that erode the dignity of NDSCs. In this paper, we conduct ethnographic research in a subsistence fishing community to develop a dignity-centric framework for crafting climate solutions for subsistence communities. We center the voices of community members in deriving our framework, which is a departure from prior approaches rooted in normative ethical frameworks. A unique feature of our framework is the dual focus on deontological (process-based) and teleological (outcome-based) dignity considerations. Furthermore, taking a dialectical approach to dignity outcomes, our framework reveals that climate solutions must account for three important dialectical tensions playing out within communities: cultural continuity versus cultural adaptation, place rootedness versus spatial mobility, and consumption adequacy versus aspirational consumption.
{"title":"Crafting Climate Solutions for Nature-Dependent Subsistence Communities: A Dignity-Centric View","authors":"Srinivas Venugopal, Sarthak Mohapatra, Anaka Aiyar","doi":"10.1177/02761467241238177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241238177","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, more than 1.2 billion people depend directly on nature for their basic needs. These nature-dependent subsistence communities (NDSCs) bear the brunt of environmental disruptions caused by climate change. Prevailing climate solutions crafted by external “experts” often pursue narrow technocratic objectives that erode the dignity of NDSCs. In this paper, we conduct ethnographic research in a subsistence fishing community to develop a dignity-centric framework for crafting climate solutions for subsistence communities. We center the voices of community members in deriving our framework, which is a departure from prior approaches rooted in normative ethical frameworks. A unique feature of our framework is the dual focus on deontological (process-based) and teleological (outcome-based) dignity considerations. Furthermore, taking a dialectical approach to dignity outcomes, our framework reveals that climate solutions must account for three important dialectical tensions playing out within communities: cultural continuity versus cultural adaptation, place rootedness versus spatial mobility, and consumption adequacy versus aspirational consumption.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1177/02761467241237941
Christine Domegan
This short commentary shares some insights into the reading, writing and critical thinking strategies behind the many award-winning papers of Roger Alexander Layton.
这篇短评与大家分享了罗杰-亚历山大-雷顿众多获奖论文背后的阅读、写作和批判性思维策略。
{"title":"Laytonian Writing: Some Processes and Experiences of Co-authoring with Roger A. Layton","authors":"Christine Domegan","doi":"10.1177/02761467241237941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241237941","url":null,"abstract":"This short commentary shares some insights into the reading, writing and critical thinking strategies behind the many award-winning papers of Roger Alexander Layton.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1177/02761467241236485
Aditya Gupta, Meike Eilert, James W. Gentry
While consumers frequently seek meaning through their marketplace interactions, a comprehensive understanding of meaningful consumption is conspicuously absent from marketing literature. Such insight would notably benefit macromarketing scholars who aim to evaluate the implications of consumer purchasing decisions on quality of life. Addressing this gap, our study employs 40 in-depth interviews to arrive at the phenomenological essence of meaningful consumption. We discover that meaningful consumption comprises three key themes—rejuvenation, expansion, and consolidation—accompanied by seven related sub-themes: repair and reconnection; intellectual, pragmatic, and relational expansion; and crystallization and contextualization. Our overarching framework enriches macromarketing theory by virtue of its ability to accommodate a large variety of meaningful consumption experiences while simultaneously enhancing existing discourse on the eudaimonic aspects of consumption.
{"title":"Meaningful Consumption","authors":"Aditya Gupta, Meike Eilert, James W. Gentry","doi":"10.1177/02761467241236485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241236485","url":null,"abstract":"While consumers frequently seek meaning through their marketplace interactions, a comprehensive understanding of meaningful consumption is conspicuously absent from marketing literature. Such insight would notably benefit macromarketing scholars who aim to evaluate the implications of consumer purchasing decisions on quality of life. Addressing this gap, our study employs 40 in-depth interviews to arrive at the phenomenological essence of meaningful consumption. We discover that meaningful consumption comprises three key themes—rejuvenation, expansion, and consolidation—accompanied by seven related sub-themes: repair and reconnection; intellectual, pragmatic, and relational expansion; and crystallization and contextualization. Our overarching framework enriches macromarketing theory by virtue of its ability to accommodate a large variety of meaningful consumption experiences while simultaneously enhancing existing discourse on the eudaimonic aspects of consumption.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1177/02761467241236391
Hamish Simmonds
Marketing systems, while being pivotal to contemporary progress, have been linked to multifaceted global challenges, notably increasing inequalities and accelerated climate change repercussions. These challenges are not natural phenomena, but rather, human-induced crises, emerging predominantly from flawed systems of perception and action. Unfortunately, these flawed perspectives are also embedded within research and theoretical practices, leading to overly simplistic and disjointed results. This paper champions the introduction and application of corrective metatheories, specifically targeting these tendencies of reductionism, to bring coherence to the various domains of existence – be they subjective, intersubjective, interobjective, or objective. Using Roy Bhaskar's philosophy of critical realism, this paper elucidates how this particular metatheoretical approach can address the complexities inherent to marketing systems. Through Critical Realism, the paper aims to challenge reductionist narratives, critique societal shortcomings, and promotes both individual and collective potentials to support overall flourishing.
{"title":"Towards a Bhaskarian Metatheory for Marketing Systems","authors":"Hamish Simmonds","doi":"10.1177/02761467241236391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241236391","url":null,"abstract":"Marketing systems, while being pivotal to contemporary progress, have been linked to multifaceted global challenges, notably increasing inequalities and accelerated climate change repercussions. These challenges are not natural phenomena, but rather, human-induced crises, emerging predominantly from flawed systems of perception and action. Unfortunately, these flawed perspectives are also embedded within research and theoretical practices, leading to overly simplistic and disjointed results. This paper champions the introduction and application of corrective metatheories, specifically targeting these tendencies of reductionism, to bring coherence to the various domains of existence – be they subjective, intersubjective, interobjective, or objective. Using Roy Bhaskar's philosophy of critical realism, this paper elucidates how this particular metatheoretical approach can address the complexities inherent to marketing systems. Through Critical Realism, the paper aims to challenge reductionist narratives, critique societal shortcomings, and promotes both individual and collective potentials to support overall flourishing.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1177/02761467241234250
Octavio J. Martinez
This research investigates how exchange governance and the local market system influence a firm's adaptability to an economic crisis. This paper unveils a nuanced performance disparity by leveraging a rich dataset of manufacturing firms in Spain. While vertically integrated firms exhibit superior performance during periods of stability, they confront more significant setbacks in the aftermath of economic crises. This study demonstrates that the extent of this performance divergence is contingent upon the thickness of the local market system, supporting the hypothesis that vertically integrated firms derive reduced adaptive benefits from agglomeration economies. These findings shed light on the dynamic interrelationship between a firm's vertical scope and geographical context. They underscore the significance of a holistic assessment when determining the optimal approach to exchange governance. This assessment must evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of autonomous versus coordinated adaptation across economic cycles and geographies.
{"title":"Adapting to an Economic Crisis: The Market System vs Hierarchical Governance","authors":"Octavio J. Martinez","doi":"10.1177/02761467241234250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241234250","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates how exchange governance and the local market system influence a firm's adaptability to an economic crisis. This paper unveils a nuanced performance disparity by leveraging a rich dataset of manufacturing firms in Spain. While vertically integrated firms exhibit superior performance during periods of stability, they confront more significant setbacks in the aftermath of economic crises. This study demonstrates that the extent of this performance divergence is contingent upon the thickness of the local market system, supporting the hypothesis that vertically integrated firms derive reduced adaptive benefits from agglomeration economies. These findings shed light on the dynamic interrelationship between a firm's vertical scope and geographical context. They underscore the significance of a holistic assessment when determining the optimal approach to exchange governance. This assessment must evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of autonomous versus coordinated adaptation across economic cycles and geographies.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1177/02761467241235558
Ina-Linda Deuchert, Rebekka Böhm, Caroline Meyer, Ulrich R. Orth
Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted many Western companies to pull out of the aggressor country. This study examines why and when consumers purchase from companies that choose to sustain operations in Russia. This study advances a refined moral decoupling model where effects of transgression relevance on purchase intention are channeled not only through judgments of performance and morality, but additionally through judgment of social responsibility. Results of an empirical study with four German companies and a sample of German consumers indicate that the relevance of a company's transgression influences consumer purchase intention through judgments of social responsibility and morality. This remains stable regardless of individual differences in moral decoupling. However, judgments of performance mediate a transgression's effects on purchase intention only with individuals who are less prone to decoupling. Effects of a company's perceived social responsibility on purchase intention are weaker with the politically more liberal than with the more conservative, whereas effects of morality are enhanced by a more liberal political orientation and the strength of a person's moral identity. These findings aid researchers and practitioners by advancing a refined moral decoupling framework that has greater relevance in the context of political conflict and war.
{"title":"When Firms Continue Doing Business in Aggressor Nations: A Refined Moral Decoupling Perspective on Consumer Response","authors":"Ina-Linda Deuchert, Rebekka Böhm, Caroline Meyer, Ulrich R. Orth","doi":"10.1177/02761467241235558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241235558","url":null,"abstract":"Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted many Western companies to pull out of the aggressor country. This study examines why and when consumers purchase from companies that choose to sustain operations in Russia. This study advances a refined moral decoupling model where effects of transgression relevance on purchase intention are channeled not only through judgments of performance and morality, but additionally through judgment of social responsibility. Results of an empirical study with four German companies and a sample of German consumers indicate that the relevance of a company's transgression influences consumer purchase intention through judgments of social responsibility and morality. This remains stable regardless of individual differences in moral decoupling. However, judgments of performance mediate a transgression's effects on purchase intention only with individuals who are less prone to decoupling. Effects of a company's perceived social responsibility on purchase intention are weaker with the politically more liberal than with the more conservative, whereas effects of morality are enhanced by a more liberal political orientation and the strength of a person's moral identity. These findings aid researchers and practitioners by advancing a refined moral decoupling framework that has greater relevance in the context of political conflict and war.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1177/02761467241233496
Mark A. A. M. Leenders, Bart J. A. van Bueren, Ninh Nguyen
In this article, we argue that Layton's Marketing Systems approach is important to tackle the triple-bottom-line (TBL) of economic, social, and environmental challenges holistically. We discuss how this system approach can contribute to designing effective marketing interfaces for a more sustainable circular economy (CE). Marketing has a legacy of understanding and increasing consumption, but it is also an essential element to drive toward a more sustainable society, as demonstrated by cases on eco-communities and sustainable food marketing systems. The article concludes by encouraging (Marketing) scholars to utilize Layton's work on multi-level systems to its fullest potential to address the pressing TBL challenge and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) missions in a holistic way.
{"title":"The Marketing Systems Approach for Designing Effective Marketing Interfaces and a Circular Economy","authors":"Mark A. A. M. Leenders, Bart J. A. van Bueren, Ninh Nguyen","doi":"10.1177/02761467241233496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467241233496","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we argue that Layton's Marketing Systems approach is important to tackle the triple-bottom-line (TBL) of economic, social, and environmental challenges holistically. We discuss how this system approach can contribute to designing effective marketing interfaces for a more sustainable circular economy (CE). Marketing has a legacy of understanding and increasing consumption, but it is also an essential element to drive toward a more sustainable society, as demonstrated by cases on eco-communities and sustainable food marketing systems. The article concludes by encouraging (Marketing) scholars to utilize Layton's work on multi-level systems to its fullest potential to address the pressing TBL challenge and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) missions in a holistic way.","PeriodicalId":47896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromarketing","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：