International Journal of Intercultural Relations最新文献

Previous research has established that ethnic minority groups experience specific acculturation expectations from the majority group. However, this research has largely ignored minority-group members’ expectations toward their own group and its heterogeneity. Sampling 327 Haredi Israeli minority-group members, the present study had three main objectives: (1) Identify the acculturation expectations individuals hold toward their minority group; (2) identify to which extent those expectations are uniform (i.e., tight) or differ (i.e., loose) toward subgroups of their overarching group, operationalized as within-individual standard deviations; and (3) examine whether a set of psychological variables is meaningfully correlated with both acculturation expectation means and tightness. Although participants on average endorsed separation expectations, these expectations were also relatively loose (i.e., not uniformly expected from all Haredi subgroups). Whereas integration expectations were also relatively pronounced and loose, assimilation and marginalization expectations were low and tight. Perceived physical threat toward the group was associated with high assimilation expectations. Personal mortality thereat was associated with higher integration expectations, whereas past victimization was associated with lower assimilation and higher separation expectations. The belief in the eternity of the group was positively associated with separation expectations and negatively associated with marginalization, integration, and assimilation expectations. The belief in the eternity of the group was also associated with looser separation expectations and tighter assimilation expectations. Bi-cultural identity harmony was associated with higher assimilation and integration expectations, lower separation expectations, and generally more loose expectations. We discuss the implications of the findings for research and society.

The present article reviews the growing literature on micro-level (daily or situation-specific) acculturation processes and provides new empirical evidence regarding the link between macro-level (general) and micro-level acculturation indices. The review covers the evolution of acculturation theory and research to focus on separate heritage and destination cultural dimensions and on specific domains (e.g., practices, values, identifications), to include longitudinal research designs, and to incorporate daily diary methodologies. The empirical study includes 824 Hispanic college students in Miami (76.1 % female) who participated in a 12-day diary study. General (macro-level) acculturation measures were administered on Days 1 and 12, and daily (micro-level) acculturation measures were administered on Days 2–11. Each of six acculturation components (dimension-domain pairings) – U.S. practices, Hispanic practices, individualist values, collectivist values, U.S. identity, and ethnic identity – was assessed using full scales on Days 1 and 12 and using single items on Days 2–11. Daily means and daily fluctuations, computed as the standard deviation of Day 2–11 scores, were included during the daily portion of the study. Analyses examined the extent to which earlier macro-level acculturation scores would predict daily means and fluctuations, as well as the extent to which these daily means and fluctuations would predict later macro-level acculturation scores. For each acculturation component, daily means were related to Day 1 and Day 12 scores, though the strengths of these associations varied across components. Daily fluctuations were negatively associated with Day 1 and 12 scores for U.S. and Hispanic practices, but these associations were less consistent for the values and identifications components. These results are discussed in terms of the overlap between micro and macro level acculturation processes, and in terms of the future of acculturation research.

Encounters with artworks in museum spaces are interactive processes that interweave physical, personal, and sociocultural contexts. This qualitative case study addresses an additional context – a multicultural one – in examining the impact of two contemporary art museum spaces associated with different cultures on the emerging awareness of multiculturalism in intercultural encounters. The study examines a “Multicultural Museum Dialogue” course attended by Palestinian-Arab and Jewish-Israeli undergraduate students of art and art education in college in Israel. Trained in co-teaching bilingual instruction, the college students led Palestinian-Arab and Isreli-Jewish high school youth in artwork encounters at the Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art (Jewish-Israeli majority culture) and the Umm al-Fahm Art Gallery (Palestinian-Arab minority culture). Analysis of twelve semi-structured interviews with students of both groups indicated that both characterized the museum space as fertile ground for intercultural encounters and diverse interpretive discourse that raised multicultural awareness as well as a universal human perspective. This effect was most powerful at the Umm al-Fahm Art Gallery, visited second. Nevertheless, additional training appears needed to further expand students’ multicultural awareness. Following Banks' (2009) and Chin’s (2013) five dimensions of multicultural education and art education, this research suggests a sixth – learning in diverse cultural spaces. To enhance cultural awareness, we recommend developing multicultural educational curricula that include joint active learning in cross-cultural spaces (e.g., art museums), focusing on physical egalitarian encounters and interpersonal and intergroup dynamics that consider power relations.

This article investigates whether policy efforts to integrate immigrants into society can have interpretive effects and motivate adolescents of immigrant origin in European countries to engage in the host country’s political system. We find that countries with more inclusive integration policies tend to have smaller gaps in voting intention between adolescents of immigrant origin and those not of immigrant origin, holding constant an array of individual and family politically relevant resources. Specifically, differences across countries in the inclusiveness of education policies appear to be a strong predictor of the magnitude of voting intention gaps between first-generation and native adolescents. In the case of second-generation vs. native gaps in voting intention, the inclusiveness of citizenship acquisition policies emerges as a key predictor. In these times of strong polarization and anti-immigration discourse across Europe, our findings are particularly relevant for policymakers and researchers in their efforts to address what might be done to help promote the long-term political integration of immigrants and their descendants.

Guided by the conflict face-negotiation theory and the culturally based romantic relationship model, this study employed in-depth interviews with twelve intercultural couples (n = 24) to explore relational dynamics and nuances of couples handling conflicts and developing dyadic cultural affinity through their conflict management experiences. Aligning with extant literature, our findings uncovered five conflict management styles employed by intercultural couples: avoiding, competing, compromising, yielding, and emotional expression. Additionally, three primary relational outcomes emerged from the data: reaching temporary satisfaction, recognizing positive changes, and identifying recurrent problems. The findings further demonstrated how intercultural romantic partners developed dyadic cultural affinity by progressively gaining deeper mutual understanding through their conflict interactions, building consensus, and consequently nurturing a shared sense of cultural affinity as a couple. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

According to Gordijn (2002), prejudice does not only escalate because of how the ingroup feels towards the outgroup but also because of the perception the ingroup has about how the outgroup feels towards the ingroup, that is meta-prejudice. In a sample of 604 participants, this study explores the extent to which meta-prejudice predicts perceived threat and prejudice towards immigrants in Finland. In line with previous studies, results showed that meta-prejudice significantly predicted the perception of immigrants as a threat and feelings of prejudice towards immigrants. In addition, perceived threat significantly mediated the relationship between meta-prejudice and prejudice towards immigrants. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed as well.

The re-analysis of Nguyen and Benet-Martínez’s (2013) meta-analytic data and a new meta-analysis of longitudinal studies by Bierwiaczonek and Kunst (2021) showed that the relationship between acculturation and adaptation is weak and that the effect size for unbiased results for integration may not differ from zero. These findings pose a major challenge to acculturation theory and research where the premises that acculturation is reliably related to adaptation and that integration is the most adaptive strategy are widely accepted. In this paper I consider how we as acculturation scholars could respond to this challenge. First, I summarize the results of Bierwiaczonek and Kunst’s (2021) meta-analytic studies and the response by Grigoryev et al. (2023), noting that the findings reported in both papers are characterized by small effect sizes and large amounts of heterogeneity. I then consider what single studies can tell us about acculturation and adaptation, highlighting the influence of methodological and contextual factors on this relationship. Finally, I synthesize research on cultural identity configurations, bicultural identity integration and cultural identity styles to show how each program of research on cultural identity integration leads to different, but more nuanced, conclusions about the relationship between acculturation and adaptation. To advance acculturation theory and research I argue that we should reframe our questions from “to what extent are acculturation and integration related to adaptation?” to “how and when are acculturation and integration related to adaptation?” I also advocate putting more emphasis on acculturation processes and contexts in future research.

This study aimed to classify the bicultural identity profiles of biethnic adolescents in Korea (N = 1298) using latent profile analysis and three indicators—Korean identity, bicultural acceptance, and acculturative stress. Their associations with dropout risk were examined thereafter. Four bicultural identity types emerged: alienated, struggling, adaptable, and embracing. The results revealed that the struggling type with low Korean identity, low bicultural acceptance, and high acculturative stress had the highest dropout risk. However, the embracing type with the highest levels of both Korean identity and bicultural acceptance and the lowest level of acculturative stress had the lowest dropout risk. The findings highlight the importance of developing a balanced bicultural identity.