Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour最新文献_第6页

An educational video can improve pedestrians' appreciation of nighttime conspicuity issues 一个教育视频可以提高行人对夜间显眼问题的认识

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103485

Morgan D. McCree , Richard A. Tyrrell , Joanne M. Wood

Most pedestrian fatalities occur at night, and poor conspicuity has been identified as a critical problem. Recent evidence suggests that road users typically do not appreciate the conspicuity benefits of enhancing contrast, incorporating retroreflectivity, and configuring retroreflective markers in a biological motion configuration. This experiment investigated the efficacy of an educational video aimed to educate road users regarding relevant safety-critical principles that impact the nighttime conspicuity of pedestrians. Fifty-four college students (mean age = 19.2 ± 1.2 years) were randomly assigned to either watch the video (intervention; n = 27) or not (control; n = 27). Participants selected photographs from a series of arrays to provide quantitative judgments of the nighttime visibility of a pedestrian wearing each of five clothing configurations. Relative to the control group, those who watched the video (1) appropriately estimated shorter recognition distances for clothing configurations that did not include retroreflective markings, and (2) appropriately estimated longer recognition distances for configurations that included retroreflective markings configured to highlight biological motion. Further, this pattern was also present in participants' ratings of safety and visibility and in their rankings of the visibility of the clothing configurations. In addition, participants who watched the video demonstrated a better understanding of critical concepts regarding pedestrian conspicuity at night. Overall, these results provide strong support for using a video to help road users understand (1) the dangers of interacting with traffic at night, and (2) simple and inexpensive ways to maximize their own conspicuity to approaching drivers at night.

大多数行人死亡事故发生在夜间，能见度差已被确定为一个关键问题。最近的证据表明，道路使用者通常没有意识到在生物运动配置中增强对比度、加入反向反射和配置反向反射标记的显著性好处。本实验调查了一段教育视频的效果，该视频旨在教育道路使用者有关影响行人夜间显著性的相关安全关键原则。54名大学生（平均年龄= 19.2±1.2岁）被随机分配观看视频组（干预组，n = 27）和不观看视频组（对照组，n = 27）。参与者从一系列阵列中选择照片，以提供对穿着五种服装的行人夜间能见度的定量判断。与对照组相比，那些观看视频的人(1)适当地估计了不包括反光标记的服装配置的识别距离较短，(2)适当地估计了包含反光标记的服装配置的识别距离较长，以突出生物运动。此外，这种模式也出现在参与者对安全性和可见度的评级以及他们对服装配置可见度的排名中。此外，观看视频的参与者对夜间行人显眼性的关键概念有了更好的理解。总的来说，这些结果为使用视频来帮助道路使用者了解(1)夜间与车辆互动的危险，以及(2)简单而廉价的方法来最大限度地提高自己对夜间接近的司机的可视性提供了强有力的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the effect of road lighting color temperature on road visibility at night 研究夜间道路照明色温对道路能见度的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103481

Kang-Hung Liu , Pin-Ling Liu , Jun-Rui Guo , Ta-En Hung , Chien-Chi Chang

This study investigated the effects of road lighting correlated color temperature (CCT) on visual performance and subjective experience under mesopic conditions (∼28 lx). Through controlled experiments, it assessed four CCTs (1800 K, 3000 K, 4000 K, and 5000 K) with 24 participants aged 23–27 years. Visual performance was assessed through target detection and reading tasks, while subjective responses were evaluated using questionnaires measuring eye fatigue, discomfort, tension, and concentration levels. The setup replicated realistic driving conditions, with participants observing stimuli from a stationary vehicle through a windshield. Results revealed a threshold effect where performance remained stable across 1800 K–4000 K but showed a deficit at 5000 K rather than following a linear trend. Specifically, 5000 K lighting required significantly higher contrast for target detection compared to lower CCTs. While reading performance showed no statistically significant differences across CCTs, accuracy was highest under 4000 K lighting (97.13 %). Subjective assessments indicated increased tension levels at higher CCTs, with peak concentration reported at 4000 K. These findings suggest that 4000 K lighting may provide an optimal balance between visual performance and user comfort in nighttime driving environments, contributing empirical evidence for road lighting design under mesopic conditions.

本研究调查了中视条件下（~ 28 lx）道路照明相关色温（CCT）对视觉表现和主观体验的影响。通过对照实验，对24名年龄在23-27岁的参与者进行了4项cct （1800k、3000k、4000k和5000k）评估。通过目标检测和阅读任务来评估视觉表现，而主观反应则通过测量眼睛疲劳、不适、紧张和注意力水平的问卷来评估。该装置模拟了真实的驾驶条件，参与者通过挡风玻璃观察静止车辆的刺激。结果显示了阈值效应，在1800 K - 4000 K时性能保持稳定，但在5000 K时表现出缺陷，而不是遵循线性趋势。具体来说，与较低的cct相比，5000 K照明对目标检测的对比度要求明显更高。虽然不同cct的阅读表现没有统计学上的显著差异，但4000 K照明下的准确率最高（97.13%）。主观评估表明，在较高的cct下，张力水平增加，在4000 K时达到峰值。这些发现表明，4000 K照明可以在夜间驾驶环境中提供视觉性能和用户舒适度之间的最佳平衡，为中视条件下的道路照明设计提供经验证据。

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引用次数: 0

Transforming road instructor training through Attitude Change: long-term impact of a GDE-aligned Model for safe driving education 通过态度改变转变道路指导员培训：与gde一致的安全驾驶教育模式的长期影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103467

Jose Tello-Sánchez, Mercè Jariot-García, Montserrat Rodríguez-Parrón

Despite growing awareness of the human and social costs of road traffic incidents, training programmes for driving instructors often remain limited to procedural content, lacking transformative impact on attitudes and values. This study evaluates the long-term effectiveness of an educational model centred on attitudinal change, developed by the ERES’v research group at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Grounded in the upper levels of the Goals for Driver Education (GDE) matrix, the model was implemented in the official training programme for driving instructors in Catalonia, Spain.

A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was applied to an entire cohort (n = 48), with data collected at four time points: pre-test, post-test, and 6- and 48-month follow-ups. Two validated instruments (APRECONS and CPFV) measured predisposition to teach safe driving, beliefs about road risks, self-reported behaviours, and ethical commitments. Analyses included paired-samples t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, Cochran’s Q, and McNemar’s test.

Results showed statistically significant and durable improvements in seven out of nine attitudinal dimensions, with notable gains in risk anticipation, emotional engagement with road safety, and long-term professional commitment. Although certain indicators declined slightly at six months, most stabilised or improved by the 48-month mark—indicating sustained internalisation.

These findings offer robust empirical support for integrating value-oriented, emotionally grounded educational models into instructor certification. The demonstrated impact over four years highlights the model’s potential to redefine the role of the driving instructor—not merely as a technical trainer, but as a socially engaged educator committed to the protection of life and promotion of ethical mobility.

尽管人们日益认识到道路交通事故对人类和社会造成的代价，但驾驶教员培训方案往往仍然局限于程序性内容，对态度和价值观缺乏变革的影响。这项研究评估了一种以态度改变为中心的教育模式的长期有效性，该模式是由巴塞罗那大学Autònoma的ERES研究小组开发的。该模型以驾驶员教育目标（GDE）矩阵的上层为基础，在西班牙加泰罗尼亚的驾驶教练官方培训计划中实施。准实验纵向设计应用于整个队列（n = 48），在四个时间点收集数据：测试前、测试后、6个月和48个月的随访。两个经过验证的工具（APRECONS和CPFV）测量了教授安全驾驶的倾向、对道路风险的信念、自我报告的行为和道德承诺。分析包括配对样本t检验、重复测量方差分析、科克伦Q检验和麦克尼马尔检验。结果显示，在9个态度维度中，有7个维度在统计上有显著和持久的改善，在风险预期、道路安全的情感投入和长期的职业承诺方面有显著的提高。虽然某些指标在6个月时略有下降，但大多数指标在48个月时企稳或有所改善，表明持续的内部化。这些发现为将以价值为导向、以情感为基础的教育模式整合到教师认证中提供了强有力的实证支持。四年来所展示的影响突出了该模式重新定义驾驶教练角色的潜力-不仅仅是作为技术培训师，而是作为致力于保护生命和促进道德流动的社会参与教育者。

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引用次数: 0

Psychological determinants affecting e-bikers’ distracted riding behaviors: A study based on the extended theory of planned behavior 影响电动自行车骑行分心行为的心理因素：基于扩展计划行为理论的研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103456

Yang Liu , Hong Chen , Enze Liu , Yun Xiao , Xiaobao Yang

With the growing popularity of electric bikes (e-bikes) in China, the rate of e-bike accidents is increasing, with distracted riding behavior identified as a key contributor to e-bike crashes. This study examines the psychological factors influencing e-bikers’ distracted riding behaviors (DRB) based on the extended theo-ry of planned behavior (TPB). A scale incorporating TPB constructs along with additional variables (risk perception and transportation environment) was developed to collect empirical data. Four hundred and twenty-three valid questionnaires were collected; subsequently, the reliability and validity of the scale were confirmed. Socio-demographic variations in distracted riding behaviors were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis were employed to examine the relationships between distracted riding behaviors and psychological factors. The results indi-cated that the extended TPB model effectively explained and predicted distracted riding behaviors and intentions among e-bikers. The influence of intentions, perceived behavioral control, transportation envi-ronment, risk perception, and attitudes on distracted riding behavior was significant, in descending order of effect, while subjective norms had no significant effect. The partial effect of perceived behavioral control on distracted riding behavior was mediated by intentions and risk perception. Moreover, risk per-ception had no significant direct effect on distracted riding behavior; rather, attitudes and intentions played a mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and distracted riding behavior. Addi-tionally, this study revealed the different influences of risk perception and perceived behavioral control on mobile phone-related and non-mobile phone-related distractions. These findings provide a theoretical basis and valuable insights for designing more effective interventions and safety education programs aimed at reducing e-bikers’ distracted riding behavior.

随着电动自行车（e-bike）在中国的日益普及，电动自行车事故的发生率正在上升，骑自行车时分心的行为被认为是导致电动自行车事故的主要原因。本研究基于扩展的计划行为理论（TPB），探讨了影响电动自行车驾驶者分心骑行行为的心理因素。为了收集经验数据，我们开发了一个包含TPB结构以及附加变量（风险感知和运输环境）的量表。共回收有效问卷423份；随后，对量表的信度和效度进行了验证。使用方差分析（ANOVA）评估分心驾驶行为的社会人口统计学差异。采用结构方程模型（SEM）和中介分析方法，研究了分心驾驶行为与心理因素之间的关系。结果表明，扩展的TPB模型能够有效地解释和预测电动自行车骑行者的分心行为和意图。意向、感知行为控制、交通环境、风险感知和态度对分心骑行行为的影响由大到小显著，主观规范对分心骑行行为的影响不显著。知觉行为控制对分心骑行行为的部分影响是由意图和风险知觉介导的。此外，风险知觉对分心骑行行为没有显著的直接影响；相反，态度和意图在风险感知和分心骑行行为之间的关系中起中介作用。此外，本研究还揭示了风险感知和感知行为控制对手机相关和非手机相关干扰的不同影响。这些发现为设计更有效的干预措施和安全教育计划提供了理论基础和有价值的见解，旨在减少电动自行车骑行者的分心行为。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding angles of change to reduce car dependency in rural areas: Evidence from Switzerland 了解减少农村地区对汽车依赖的变化角度：来自瑞士的证据

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103479

Mirjam Baumann , Iljana Schubert , Uros Tomic , Andrea Del Duce

The mobility sector is a major contributor to climate change, largely due to the high reliance on private cars. While urban areas are increasingly adopting policies and alternative mobility solutions to promote a reduction in car usage, alternatives are far more limited in rural regions, which remain heavily car-dependent. Hence, a deep understanding of mobility needs and attitudes in rural areas is needed to foster their transition towards sustainable transport solutions. Through a survey among 973 mobility users living in rural areas, this paper examines the relationship between current mobility patterns, attitudes, and needs in German-speaking rural Switzerland, focusing on car use reduction and the development of multi- and intermodal mobility options. Moreover, the Bamberg Stage Model is employed to investigate the factors influencing the reduction of car use at different decision-making stages. Our results indicate that cars are, as expected, the most commonly used mode of transport, followed by public transport, while the practice of combining multiple modes of transport (intermodality) remains very low. The findings show that improving public transport infrastructure, including longer operating hours and more frequent services, could promote inter- and multimodality and reduce car dependency. Moreover, we identify different strategies for reducing car use at different stages of behaviour change, highlighting the need for tailored interventions at each stage. These interventions include information campaigns to fill the knowledge gap about existing services and to emphasise biospheric values, which can motivate a shift towards more sustainable transportation choices.

交通部门是气候变化的主要原因，很大程度上是由于对私家车的高度依赖。虽然城市地区越来越多地采取政策和替代交通解决方案来促进减少汽车的使用，但在农村地区，替代方案要有限得多，农村地区仍然严重依赖汽车。因此，需要深入了解农村地区的交通需求和态度，以促进他们向可持续交通解决方案过渡。通过对973名生活在农村地区的出行用户的调查，本文研究了瑞士德语区农村当前出行模式、态度和需求之间的关系，重点关注汽车使用减少和多式联运出行选择的发展。此外，采用班贝格阶段模型研究了在不同决策阶段影响汽车使用减少的因素。我们的研究结果表明，正如预期的那样，汽车是最常用的交通方式，其次是公共交通，而结合多种交通方式（多式联运）的做法仍然非常少。研究结果表明，改善公共交通基础设施，包括延长运营时间和增加班次，可以促进多式联运，减少对汽车的依赖。此外，我们确定了在行为改变的不同阶段减少汽车使用的不同策略，强调了在每个阶段量身定制干预措施的必要性。这些干预措施包括宣传活动，以填补有关现有服务的知识空白，并强调生物圈价值，这可以激励人们转向更可持续的交通选择。

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引用次数: 0

When there is no rush to take over: evaluating multi-stage takeover request designs in conditionally automated driving 当不急于接管时：评估有条件自动驾驶中的多阶段接管请求设计

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103465

Xiaomei Tan , Yiqi Zhang

Conditionally automated vehicles (AVs) allow drivers to divert their attention from the road under specific conditions defined by the Operational Design Domain (ODD) but require drivers to resume manual control when approaching the ODD boundary. In such scheduled takeover scenarios, drivers are afforded more time to restore situation awareness and manage the takeover task at their own pace. This study focuses on a typical ODD exit scenario—freeway exits—and investigates the effectiveness of a multistage takeover request (ToR) design comprising three stages: information, warning, and command. A driving simulator experiment involving 32 participants evaluated how ToR presence (single-stage vs. multistage) and modality (semantic speech, dynamic visuals, or both) affected the takeover process, including takeover strategy, pre-takeover situation awareness, post-takeover vehicle control performance, and subjective evaluations. Results showed that multistage ToR designs significantly improved behavioral performance, including faster eyes-on-road and takeover responses, shorter preparation times, and enhanced perceptual and cognitive preparedness. These designs also enhanced user experience, particularly by increasing trust and reducing mental workload. The performance benefits were most pronounced for female drivers and for those who delayed initiating their takeover response until the command stage. These findings highlight the value of incorporating structured, multimodal ToR designs for scheduled takeover scenarios, and support the development of adaptive systems tailored to individual differences in driver response tyle and characteristics.

有条件自动驾驶汽车（AVs）允许驾驶员在操作设计域（ODD）定义的特定条件下将注意力从道路上转移，但在接近ODD边界时要求驾驶员恢复手动控制。在这种预定接管场景中，司机有更多的时间来恢复情况感知，并按照自己的节奏管理接管任务。本研究的重点是典型的ODD出口场景——高速公路出口，并研究了由三个阶段组成的多阶段接管请求（ToR）设计的有效性：信息、警告和命令。一项涉及32名参与者的驾驶模拟器实验评估了ToR的存在（单阶段与多阶段）和形态（语义语音、动态视觉或两者兼而有之）如何影响接管过程，包括接管策略、接管前情境意识、接管后车辆控制性能和主观评价。结果表明，多阶段ToR设计显著提高了行为表现，包括更快的注视和接管反应，更短的准备时间，增强了感知和认知准备。这些设计还增强了用户体验，特别是通过增加信任和减少心理工作量。对于女性司机和那些将接管反应推迟到命令阶段的人来说，性能上的好处最为明显。这些发现强调了将结构化的、多模式的ToR设计纳入预定接管方案的价值，并支持了针对驾驶员反应类型和特征的个体差异量身定制的自适应系统的开发。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of cabin environment on takeover performance in conditional automated driving 条件自动驾驶中舱室环境对接管性能的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103478

Zhenyu Wang , Hongling Sheng , Feiqi Gu , Lige Zhao , Zhe Wang , Dengbo He

Environmental factors such as temperature and carbon dioxide concentration have been widely studied for their effects on cognitive and physical performance. However, their impact on takeover performance in the context of driving automation remains underexplored. This study investigated how temperature and carbon dioxide concentration influence drivers’ takeover performance in conditional automated driving. Using a driving simulator, the experimental setup simulated modern vehicle cabin conditions, with three levels of temperatures (i.e., slightly cool, neutral and slightly warm) and two realistic carbon dioxide concentrations (i.e., high level, corresponding to recirculation ventilation and low level, corresponding to outside air ventilation). In total, 60 gender-balanced drivers participated in the study and a between-subjects experiment design (temperature and carbon dioxide concentration) was adopted. Each participant experienced three types of typical takeover scenarios, as initiated by visual and auditory takeover requests in a vehicle with conditional driving automation. The results showed that a slightly cool temperature and high carbon dioxide concentration negatively affected longitudinal speed control, while a slightly warm temperature resulted in quicker takeover actions and more stable lateral control. The analyses of gaze-related metrics suggested that elevated carbon dioxide concentrations may increase fatigue, while slightly cool temperatures appeared to reduce fatigue, leading to faster on-road attention. Finally, high carbon dioxide can counteract the favorable effects of temperature at the cognitive level. This study provides insights into the design of cabin environment control to improve driving safety in the context of driving automation.

温度和二氧化碳浓度等环境因素对认知和身体表现的影响已被广泛研究。然而，在推动自动化的背景下，它们对收购绩效的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究考察了温度和二氧化碳浓度对有条件自动驾驶中驾驶员接管行为的影响。利用驾驶模拟器，实验装置模拟了现代汽车舱室条件，具有三个温度水平（微冷、中性和微暖）和两个真实的二氧化碳浓度（高水平，对应于再循环通风和低水平，对应于室外通风）。共有60名性别平衡的司机参与了研究，采用受试者间实验设计（温度和二氧化碳浓度）。每个参与者都经历了三种典型的接管场景，分别是由有条件自动驾驶车辆中的视觉和听觉接管请求发起的。结果表明，较低的温度和较高的二氧化碳浓度会对纵向速度控制产生不利影响，而较热的温度会使接管动作更快，横向控制更稳定。对凝视相关指标的分析表明，二氧化碳浓度升高可能会增加疲劳，而稍微凉爽的温度似乎会减轻疲劳，从而使人们更快地集中注意力。最后，在认知水平上，高二氧化碳可以抵消温度的有利影响。本研究可为驾驶自动化背景下的车内环境控制设计提供参考，以提高驾驶安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-factor cognitive analysis of human interaction with a conditionally automated vehicle 人与有条件自动驾驶车辆交互的多因素认知分析

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103469

Sibibalan Jeevanandam, Michael Williamson Tabango, Xipeng Wang, Neera Jain

Human-automation interaction during conditionally-automated driving can be enhanced using human cognition models in the design and operation of the automation. While human trust is a dominant dynamic factor that influences reliance on the automation, researchers have acknowledged that users’ mental workload, risk perception, and self-confidence can also influence the relationship between user trust in the automation and reliance. However, existing studies only examine these factors at most two at a time using an event-based or trial-based experiment–thus limiting the ability to observe the cognitive factors as coupled dynamic variables. To address these gaps, we design and conduct a novel experiment to elicit changes in four cognitive factors while human drivers interact in a continuous drive in a SAE Level 3 vehicle. We manipulate four independent variables (three automation-related and one environmental factor) in our non-event based experiment to enable human cognitive factor analysis throughout their interaction with the automated vehicle during realistic-driving scenarios. We collect data from 37 participants and validate our experiment by testing hypotheses derived from prior foundational work. Results show that our experiment stimulates changes in three cognitive factors—trust, workload, and risk perception—and all three correlate with user reliance on the automation. By virtue of our experiment design, we also demonstrate the effects of interacting stimuli as well as the existence of residual effects of drivers’ initial interactions with the automation. Finally, we find that psychophysiological and behavioral measurements capture changes not reflected in subjective measurements, underscoring the value of collecting multi-modal data for analyzing human cognition.

在条件自动驾驶的设计和操作中，可以利用人类认知模型来增强人与自动驾驶的交互。虽然人的信任是影响自动化依赖的主要动态因素，但研究者已经认识到用户的心理负荷、风险感知和自信也会影响自动化中用户信任与依赖的关系。然而，现有的研究一次最多只能使用基于事件或基于试验的实验来检查这些因素，从而限制了将认知因素作为耦合动态变量观察的能力。为了解决这些问题，我们设计并进行了一项新颖的实验，以了解人类驾驶员在SAE 3级车辆的连续驾驶中相互作用时四个认知因素的变化。在我们的非事件实验中，我们操纵了四个独立变量（三个与自动化相关的因素和一个环境因素），以便在现实驾驶场景中，在与自动驾驶车辆的交互过程中，实现人类认知因素分析。我们收集了37名参与者的数据，并通过测试先前基础工作得出的假设来验证我们的实验。结果表明，我们的实验刺激了三个认知因素的变化——信任、工作量和风险感知——这三个因素都与用户对自动化的依赖相关。通过我们的实验设计，我们还证明了交互刺激的影响以及驾驶员与自动化初始交互的残余效应的存在。最后，我们发现心理生理和行为测量捕捉到主观测量中没有反映的变化，强调了收集多模态数据分析人类认知的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Stability of measurements of simulated driving: A comparison between a static and a dynamic motorcycle simulator with different degrees of fidelity 模拟驾驶测量的稳定性：具有不同保真度的静态和动态摩托车模拟器的比较

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103468

Michael Ferrarese , Elisa Guglielmetti , Andrea Baldassa , Federico Orsini , Mariaelena Tagliabue

The present study focuses on the investigation of the relations between self-reported aberrant and risky driving behaviors on the one hand and simulated driving performance on the other. We collected self-reported measures of driving style through the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI). We observed simulated driving performance through a low-fidelity driving simulator, the Honda Riding Trainer, and a higher-fidelity driving simulator, the Lander simulator. The final aim was to verify the coherence of the measurements obtained by the two simulators in identifying driving styles as measured by means of two self-report questionnaires. We carried out the experiment on an Italian sample of 85 participants aged between 19 and 32. The results showed that the relations between the measures provided by the two questionnaires are robust and positive, confirming the literature findings. Additionally, the relations between the driving variables provided by the two simulators are moderate and positive, suggesting that both simulators permit the identification of unsafe simulated driving behaviors, even though the simulators’ fidelity differs. Finally, the relations observed between self-reported driving styles and simulated driving behaviors indicate that the DDDI predicts longitudinal speed control and speed violations in both simulators, whereas the DBQ predicts mainly longitudinal speed control in the HRT task and lateral speed control in the Lander task. Moreover, both simulators seem able to discriminate between different driving styles with reference to speed control and speed limit violations. The availability of multiple tools for assessing driving style broadens the scope for developing effective interventions to foster road safety.

本研究旨在探讨自述异常和危险驾驶行为与模拟驾驶表现之间的关系。我们通过驾驶行为问卷（DBQ）和杜拉危险驾驶指数（DDDI）收集了驾驶风格的自述测量。我们通过低保真度驾驶模拟器本田骑行教练和高保真度驾驶模拟器Lander模拟器观察模拟驾驶性能。最终目的是验证两个模拟器在识别驾驶风格方面获得的测量结果的一致性，这些测量结果是通过两个自我报告问卷来确定的。我们对85名年龄在19到32岁之间的意大利人进行了实验。结果表明，两份问卷所提供的措施之间的关系是稳健的，正相关的，证实了文献的发现。此外，两个模拟器提供的驾驶变量之间的关系是中等和正的，这表明两个模拟器都允许识别不安全的模拟驾驶行为，即使模拟器的保真度不同。最后，自述驾驶风格与模拟驾驶行为之间的关系表明，DDDI预测了两个模拟器中纵向速度控制和速度违规行为，而DBQ主要预测HRT任务中的纵向速度控制和着陆器任务中的横向速度控制。此外，这两个模拟器似乎能够区分不同的驾驶风格，参考速度控制和速度限制违规。评估驾驶方式的多种工具的可用性扩大了制定有效干预措施以促进道路安全的范围。

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引用次数: 0

Visual exploration strategies of experienced and non-experienced drivers during the takeover of an automated vehicle 有经验和没有经验的驾驶员在接管自动驾驶车辆时的视觉探索策略

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103457

Pelerin Maëlle , Reynaud Emanuelle , Schnebelen Damien , Ouimet Marie Claude , Perrine Seguin , Navarro Jordan

Visual scanning of the driving environment is a key component in driving. In conditional automation, the vehicle is usually steered by automation, but drivers may be required to take control of the vehicle in certain circumstances. In these takeover situations (TO), visual exploration of the environment is critical for resuming manual control. This study aimed to compare visual explorations over time during TO preparation and actual TO between experienced and non-experienced drivers. Twenty-five participants completed three simulated drives, each comprising three TO maneuvers. Visual strategies were measured by the percentage of gaze time allocated to areas of interest (AOIs) and further characterised through visual exploration sequences (scanpaths) during TO preparation and actual TO. The results indicated that experienced drivers gazed more at the road area in which the vehicle would be located at the time of effective TO than non-experienced drivers. Similarly, immediately after resuming manual control, experienced drivers gazed more at areas where potential hazards may be present than non-experienced drivers. Three main scanpath classes were identified during TO preparation: anticipation of trajectory control, anticipation of speed control, and environment exploration. During subsequent manual driving, two scanpath classes emerged: speed control and trajectory control. These findings are discussed in terms of differences in visual strategies between non-experienced and experienced drivers, shaped by situational context. Functionally classifying visual exploration sequences provides insight into TO processes and offers a promising link to drivers’ situation awareness and performance.

对驾驶环境的视觉扫描是驾驶中的一个关键组成部分。在条件自动化中，车辆通常由自动化控制，但在某些情况下可能需要驾驶员控制车辆。在这些接管情况（TO）中，对环境的视觉探索对于恢复手动控制至关重要。本研究的目的是比较有经验和没有经验的司机在准备到车和实际到车期间的视觉探索。25名参与者完成了三个模拟驾驶，每个模拟驾驶包括三个TO机动。视觉策略通过分配给感兴趣区域（aoi）的凝视时间百分比来衡量，并通过视觉探索序列（扫描路径）在to准备和实际to期间进一步表征。结果表明，经验丰富的驾驶员比没有经验的驾驶员在有效TO时更多地注视车辆所在的道路区域。同样，在恢复手动控制后，有经验的驾驶员会比没有经验的驾驶员更关注可能存在潜在危险的区域。在TO准备过程中，确定了三种主要的扫描路径类型：轨迹控制预测、速度控制预测和环境探索。在随后的手动驾驶中，出现了两种扫描路径：速度控制和轨迹控制。这些发现被讨论在视觉策略方面的差异，在没有经验的和有经验的司机之间，由情景背景形成。对视觉探索序列进行功能分类，可以深入了解TO过程，并为驾驶员的情况感知和性能提供了有希望的联系。

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引用次数: 0