Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103430
Sergio A. Useche , Bridie Scott-Parker , Francisco Alonso , Boris Cendales , Sergio Traficante , Jeremias Tosi , Ruben Ledesma , Teodora Stefanova , Stella Karapa , Anna Emmanouel , Laura Šeibokaitė , Auksė Endriulaitienė , Kristina Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė , Rusdi B. Rusli , Gabriel Dorantes-Argandar , Bolajoko I. Malomo , Maria de F. Pereira da Silva , Mario Ferrer , Duy Q. Nguyen-Phuoc , Ricardo Santa , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
Young drivers represent a high-risk group worldwide, with their overrepresentation in road trauma placing substantial pressure on health and economic systems. Their crashes are often linked to risky driving behaviors, accentuating the need for reliable instruments to assess these patterns. The Behavior of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS) was developed to comprehensively assess multiple dimensions of risky driving behavior in drivers aged 17–29 years; however, it has not yet undergone cross-cultural validation.
Aim
This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive cross-cultural validation of the BYNDS and examine differences in risky driving behaviors among young drivers from Low- and Middle-Income (LMIC) and High-Income (HIC) countries.
Method
Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample of n = 3,989 young drivers aged M = 22.25 years, of whom 52 % were male and 48 % female. Participants completed the BYNDS, a 44-item behavioral questionnaire administered across 12 countries (48.6 % LMICs; 51.4 % HICs) spanning five continents.
Results
The findings indicate that the BYNDS supports a five-factor structure with good fit indices, strong factor loadings, and acceptable reliability, and invariance between countries of different income levels. Furthermore, the validated BYNDS-42 (comprising 42 items distributed across five factors) also showed the ability to distinguish between drivers with and without self-reported crashes or traffic fines.
Conclusion
This study provides robust evidence supporting the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the BYNDS, reinforcing its value as a tool for assessing young driver behavior. These findings offer empirically grounded insights that can inform behavioral interventions aimed at improving young drivers’ road safety.
{"title":"A cross-cultural perspective on risky young drivers’ behavior: evidence from 12 countries","authors":"Sergio A. Useche , Bridie Scott-Parker , Francisco Alonso , Boris Cendales , Sergio Traficante , Jeremias Tosi , Ruben Ledesma , Teodora Stefanova , Stella Karapa , Anna Emmanouel , Laura Šeibokaitė , Auksė Endriulaitienė , Kristina Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė , Rusdi B. Rusli , Gabriel Dorantes-Argandar , Bolajoko I. Malomo , Maria de F. Pereira da Silva , Mario Ferrer , Duy Q. Nguyen-Phuoc , Ricardo Santa , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young drivers represent a high-risk group worldwide, with their overrepresentation in road trauma placing substantial pressure on health and economic systems. Their crashes are often linked to risky driving behaviors, accentuating the need for reliable instruments to assess these patterns. The Behavior of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS) was developed to comprehensively assess multiple dimensions of risky driving behavior in drivers aged 17–29 years; however, it has not yet undergone cross-cultural validation.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive cross-cultural validation of the BYNDS and examine differences in risky driving behaviors among young drivers from Low- and Middle-Income (LMIC) and High-Income (HIC) countries.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample of <em>n</em> = 3,989 young drivers aged <em>M</em> = 22.25 years, of whom 52 % were male and 48 % female. Participants completed the BYNDS, a 44-item behavioral questionnaire administered across 12 countries (48.6 % LMICs; 51.4 % HICs) spanning five continents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that the BYNDS supports a five-factor structure with good fit indices, strong factor loadings, and acceptable reliability, and invariance between countries of different income levels. Furthermore, the validated BYNDS-42 (comprising 42 items distributed across five factors) also showed the ability to distinguish between drivers with and without self-reported crashes or traffic fines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides robust evidence supporting the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the BYNDS, reinforcing its value as a tool for assessing young driver behavior. These findings offer empirically grounded insights that can inform behavioral interventions aimed at improving young drivers’ road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103432
Anna Warchoł-Jakubowska, Krzysztof Krejtz, Filippo Baldisserotto, Iga Stasiak, Izabela Krejtz
The present eye-tracking study explores differences in the dynamics of visual attention in tram drivers with different levels of expertise while driving a tram simulator. Experienced (n = 25) and novice (n = 20) drivers performed a simulator drive on a pre-programmed route with three tasks: tram stop operations, track hazards, and turn-taking. These situations elicited different attentional dynamics as a response to task requirements.
First, tram stop operations induced less entropy in drivers’ eye movements than track hazards but not compared to turn-taking. At the beginning of tram stop operations, all drivers were mainly focal. While taking turns, novices switched to ambient attention faster than experts. Analysis of attention allocation to windshields and control panels did not reveal significant differences between experts and novices, suggesting these elements were equally important to both groups. Differences emerged in the analysis of mirrors. Experts exhibited significantly longer total fixation time on mirrors at the first turn-taking stage than novices, and more fixations on mirrors when turning, suggesting a higher control of their surroundings. In general, the scanning patterns of experts tend to be more structured than those of novices. Experts’ dynamics between focal and ambient attention was more relevant to the tram operation demands to maintain safety. Based on these findings, visual attention training for novices will be designed.
{"title":"Exploring visual attention dynamics in tram driving. Differentiating between expert and novice drivers for Gaze-enhanced training","authors":"Anna Warchoł-Jakubowska, Krzysztof Krejtz, Filippo Baldisserotto, Iga Stasiak, Izabela Krejtz","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present eye-tracking study explores differences in the dynamics of visual attention in tram drivers with different levels of expertise while driving a tram simulator. Experienced (n = 25) and novice (n = 20) drivers performed a simulator drive on a pre-programmed route with three tasks: tram stop operations, track hazards, and turn-taking. These situations elicited different attentional dynamics as a response to task requirements.</div><div>First, tram stop operations induced less entropy in drivers’ eye movements than track hazards but not compared to turn-taking. At the beginning of tram stop operations, all drivers were mainly focal. While taking turns, novices switched to ambient attention faster than experts. Analysis of attention allocation to windshields and control panels did not reveal significant differences between experts and novices, suggesting these elements were equally important to both groups. Differences emerged in the analysis of mirrors. Experts exhibited significantly longer total fixation time on mirrors at the first turn-taking stage than novices, and more fixations on mirrors when turning, suggesting a higher control of their surroundings. In general, the scanning patterns of experts tend to be more structured than those of novices. Experts’ dynamics between focal and ambient attention was more relevant to the tram operation demands to maintain safety. Based on these findings, visual attention training for novices will be designed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103446
Mark Vollrath, Julie Morawietz
Warning systems have two error types: misses (fail to warn during critical events), being a problem when overtrust develops, and false alarms, causing system mistrust (cry-wolf effect). Mistrust can reduce harm from misses but may also prompt undue reactions which may create new hazards. Prior studies suggest systems with up to 30 % misses and false alarms remain beneficial, but seldom assess both errors jointly. We conducted a driving-simulator study with 47 participants across three reliability conditions: (1) 100 % detection with 33 % false alarms; (2) 70 % detection with no false alarms; (3) 70 % detection with 33% false alarms. Participants encountered 100 pedestrian scenarios: standing or approaching pedestrians that stopped (uncritical event; 90 %) or crossed (critical event; 10 %). In condition 1, 33 % false alarms did not impair reactions to critical events but induced non-critical braking. In condition 2, misses led to minimal missed reactions but significantly delayed braking when warnings were absent. In condition 3, drivers reacted faster to correct warnings than in condition 1 and did not brake more slowly during undetected events, indicating that experiencing both error types reduces overtrust while preserving responsiveness. However, condition 3 was subjectively rated as least useful and most annoying. These results highlight a trade-off between objective effectiveness and user acceptance, suggesting that balanced system reliability can enhance driver response, but at the expense of user satisfaction.
{"title":"Only an unreliable warning system is a good system – but which errors help?","authors":"Mark Vollrath, Julie Morawietz","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Warning systems have two error types: misses (fail to warn during critical events), being a problem when overtrust develops, and false alarms, causing system mistrust (cry-wolf effect). Mistrust can reduce harm from misses but may also prompt undue reactions which may create new hazards. Prior studies suggest systems with up to 30 % misses and false alarms remain beneficial, but seldom assess both errors jointly. We conducted a driving-simulator study with 47 participants across three reliability conditions: (1) 100 % detection with 33 % false alarms; (2) 70 % detection with no false alarms; (3) 70 % detection with 33% false alarms. Participants encountered 100 pedestrian scenarios: standing or approaching pedestrians that stopped (uncritical event; 90 %) or crossed (critical event; 10 %). In condition 1, 33 % false alarms did not impair reactions to critical events but induced non-critical braking. In condition 2, misses led to minimal missed reactions but significantly delayed braking when warnings were absent. In condition 3, drivers reacted faster to correct warnings than in condition 1 and did not brake more slowly during undetected events, indicating that experiencing both error types reduces overtrust while preserving responsiveness. However, condition 3 was subjectively rated as least useful and most annoying. These results highlight a trade-off between objective effectiveness and user acceptance, suggesting that balanced system reliability can enhance driver response, but at the expense of user satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103452
Emily Noble, Cassandra Gauld, Heather E Douglas
{"title":"Why do young drivers respond to their smartphones while driving? Examining the predictive power of the theory of planned behaviour and Big 5 personality factors","authors":"Emily Noble, Cassandra Gauld, Heather E Douglas","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103450
William Cubbin , Kjell van Paridon , Matthew Timmis , Helen Keyes
In 2022 the UK Highway Code had a major update including advice for cyclists around lane positioning that reflects existing safety training practice and guidance for drivers to leave at least 1.5 m of lateral clearance when overtaking cyclists. This study uses a repeated measures design to examine the impact of changes to the Highway Code on knowledge of cycling road positioning practice, and the effect of this knowledge on perceptions of cyclist discourtesy.
Knowledge of cyclist positioning practice improved significantly between the two surveys. A hierarchical multiple regression found that cyclist positioning knowledge score added significantly to the model predicting perceptions of cyclist discourtesy, with the change in R2 between the two models being significant. A separate hierarchical multiple regression, with cyclist positioning knowledge as the DV and Highway Code knowledge as the additional stage two IV, was not significant.
The findings showed that while the highway code changes did not predict improvements in knowledge, drivers with better knowledge did have more positive opinions of cyclist behaviour, when controlling for their own participation in cycling.
This was a novel study in applying a repeated measures design before and after the changes to the UK Highway Code. The findings will help inform development of interventions designed to improve road safety for cyclists.
{"title":"How knowledge of cycling practice and changes to the British Highway Code relate to perceptions of cyclist discourtesy","authors":"William Cubbin , Kjell van Paridon , Matthew Timmis , Helen Keyes","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022 the UK Highway Code had a major update including advice for cyclists around lane positioning that reflects existing safety training practice and guidance for drivers to leave at least 1.5 m of lateral clearance when overtaking cyclists. This study uses a repeated measures design to examine the impact of changes to the Highway Code on knowledge of cycling road positioning practice, and the effect of this knowledge on perceptions of cyclist discourtesy.</div><div>Knowledge of cyclist positioning practice improved significantly between the two surveys. A hierarchical multiple regression found that cyclist positioning knowledge score added significantly to the model predicting perceptions of cyclist discourtesy, with the change in R<sup>2</sup> between the two models being significant. A separate hierarchical multiple regression, with cyclist positioning knowledge as the DV and Highway Code knowledge as the additional stage two IV, was not significant.</div><div>The findings showed that while the highway code changes did not predict improvements in knowledge, drivers with better knowledge did have more positive opinions of cyclist behaviour, when controlling for their own participation in cycling.</div><div>This was a novel study in applying a repeated measures design before and after the changes to the UK Highway Code. The findings will help inform development of interventions designed to improve road safety for cyclists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103439
Yee Mun Lee , Joshua Domeyer
{"title":"Editorial to the Special Issue on Road User Interactions in the Age of Vehicle Automation","authors":"Yee Mun Lee , Joshua Domeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dangerous driving behaviors have been shown to be the main reason for vehicle crashes, especially among young drivers. Although research has focused on psychological determinants of dangerous driving behavior in recent years, social and interpersonal factors have had limited attention in the literature. Combining quantitative (i.e., multiple hierarchical regression) and qualitative (i.e., thematic analysis) methods, this study investigates the effects of responsibility and social intelligence on dangerous driving behavior among young drivers. A total of 404 US drivers aged 18–35 participated in this study and completed an online survey that included demographic questions, the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI), Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), Responsibility Questionnaire (RQ), and open-ended questions. The quantitative results indicated that higher social awareness, social skill, personal responsibility, and social responsibility are correlated with less frequent dangerous driving behavior. Also, young drivers with higher social awareness engaged in less frequent dangerous driving and negative cognitive/emotional driving. Furthermore, higher social skill resulted in less frequent negative cognitive/emotional driving. Higher personal responsibility led into less frequent negative cognitive/emotional driving, while higher social responsibility showed an opposite impact. The qualitative results showed that responsibility and understanding and perceiving others’ choices and perspectives have a noticeable role in preventing dangerous driving behavior. Incorporating responsibility and social intelligence into the development of driving education programs and driver assessment methods may reduce dangerous driving behaviors. Also, the findings can be useful for the revision of driving behavior categories and/or development of a new driving behavior measurement that includes responsibility and social intelligence.
{"title":"A mixed-methods examination of the effect of responsibility and social intelligence on driving behavior of young drivers","authors":"Seyedehsareh Hashemikamangar , Stephanie Ivey , Leah Windsor","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dangerous driving behaviors have been shown to be the main reason for vehicle crashes, especially among young drivers. Although research has focused on psychological determinants of dangerous driving behavior in recent years, social and interpersonal factors have had limited attention in the literature. Combining quantitative (i.e., multiple hierarchical regression) and qualitative (i.e., thematic analysis) methods, this study investigates the effects of responsibility and social intelligence on dangerous driving behavior among young drivers. A total of 404 US drivers aged 18–35 participated in this study and completed an online survey that included demographic questions, the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI), Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), Responsibility Questionnaire (RQ), and open-ended questions. The quantitative results indicated that higher social awareness, social skill, personal responsibility, and social responsibility are correlated with less frequent dangerous driving behavior. Also, young drivers with higher social awareness engaged in less frequent dangerous driving and negative cognitive/emotional driving. Furthermore, higher social skill resulted in less frequent negative cognitive/emotional driving. Higher personal responsibility led into less frequent negative cognitive/emotional driving, while higher social responsibility showed an opposite impact. The qualitative results showed that responsibility and understanding and perceiving others’ choices and perspectives have a noticeable role in preventing dangerous driving behavior. Incorporating responsibility and social intelligence into the development of driving education programs and driver assessment methods may reduce dangerous driving behaviors. Also, the findings can be useful for the revision of driving behavior categories and/or development of a new driving behavior measurement that includes responsibility and social intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103428
Tianming Zhang , Jiuchang Wei , Yi-Na Li
In the context of the information technology revolution and the vigorous development of the digital economy, the so-called new business form has emerged, with the ride-hailing industry becoming a paradigmatic example of this transformation in China. Previous research has concentrated on attributing responsibility when the responsible party is identifiable; however, this approach overlooks variations in workers’ subjective attributions when the responsible party is not clear. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the impacts of group heterogeneity and subjective and objective factors on these variations in subjective attribution. Applying attribution theory (AT), this study systematically analysed the results through a cluster analysis of a sample comprising 696 ride-hailing drivers. The analysis revealed significant group heterogeneity in the drivers’ subjective attributions, which could be categorised into five distinct groups. Furthermore, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and psychological pressure significantly influenced the subjective attributions of occupational injuries. Additionally, significant differences in attribution patterns were observed amongst the different groups. This study contributes to the expansion of the application of AT by revealing how different factors shape the attribution process. Finally, recommendations are provided for platforms, governments and drivers, focusing on implementing mental health management, reducing self-blame through organisational support and tailoring interventions to group heterogeneity to improve occupational injury prevention and rights protection.
{"title":"Group heterogeneity in occupational injury attribution amongst ride-hailing drivers","authors":"Tianming Zhang , Jiuchang Wei , Yi-Na Li","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of the information technology revolution and the vigorous development of the digital economy, the so-called new business form has emerged, with the ride-hailing industry becoming a paradigmatic example of this transformation in China. Previous research has concentrated on attributing responsibility when the responsible party is identifiable; however, this approach overlooks variations in workers’ subjective attributions when the responsible party is not clear. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the impacts of group heterogeneity and subjective and objective factors on these variations in subjective attribution. Applying attribution theory (AT), this study systematically analysed the results through a cluster analysis of a sample comprising 696 ride-hailing drivers. The analysis revealed significant group heterogeneity in the drivers’ subjective attributions, which could be categorised into five distinct groups. Furthermore, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and psychological pressure significantly influenced the subjective attributions of occupational injuries. Additionally, significant differences in attribution patterns were observed amongst the different groups. This study contributes to the expansion of the application of AT by revealing how different factors shape the attribution process. Finally, recommendations are provided for platforms, governments and drivers, focusing on implementing mental health management, reducing self-blame through organisational support and tailoring interventions to group heterogeneity to improve occupational injury prevention and rights protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103442
Igor Radun , Danijela Barić
Driver fatigue has long been recognized as an important cause of road crashes. However, official road crash statistics based on police reports underestimate its prevalence. The enforcement of laws regarding driver fatigue is difficult because no validated and reliable device exists to measure fatigue/sleepiness levels. This study examined driver fatigue in Croatia, focusing on its recognition in law, crash reporting, and enforcement. It aimed to quantify fatigue-related crashes and assess traffic police perspectives on the issue. We used three data sources: (1) national road crash data from 2009 to 2018, (2) a survey of Croatian traffic police officers (n = 1037) using a modified Finnish questionnaire, and (3) Ministry of the Interior records on drivers penalized under article that addresses driver’s fitness to drive including driver fatigue (2013–2023). The results show that driver fatigue was noted in fewer than one percent of crashes recorded in the national database, even for those that resulted in fatality. Punishing drivers based on their fatigue also appears to be rare. These numbers seem understandable considering Croatian traffic police officers’ reports of the difficulties they face in recognizing driver fatigue and prosecuting drivers on that basis. However, traffic police officers are aware of the dangers of driver fatigue. Conclusions. Challenges remain as to how to utilize the traffic police force in the detection of fatigued drivers on roads, recognize the role of fatigue in crash causation, and effectively enforce driver fatigue laws.
{"title":"Driver fatigue: crashes, the law, and traffic police officers’ experiences and views","authors":"Igor Radun , Danijela Barić","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driver fatigue has long been recognized as an important cause of road crashes. However, official road crash statistics based on police reports underestimate its prevalence. The enforcement of laws regarding driver fatigue is difficult because no validated and reliable device exists to measure fatigue/sleepiness levels. This study examined driver fatigue in Croatia, focusing on its recognition in law, crash reporting, and enforcement. It aimed to quantify fatigue-related crashes and assess traffic police perspectives on the issue. We used three data sources: (1) national road crash data from 2009 to 2018, (2) a survey of Croatian traffic police officers (n = 1037) using a modified Finnish questionnaire, and (3) Ministry of the Interior records on drivers penalized under article that addresses driver’s fitness to drive including driver fatigue (2013–2023). The results show that driver fatigue was noted in fewer than one percent of crashes recorded in the national database, even for those that resulted in fatality. Punishing drivers based on their fatigue also appears to be rare. These numbers seem understandable considering Croatian traffic police officers’ reports of the difficulties they face in recognizing driver fatigue and prosecuting drivers on that basis. However, traffic police officers are aware of the dangers of driver fatigue. Conclusions. Challenges remain as to how to utilize the traffic police force in the detection of fatigued drivers on roads, recognize the role of fatigue in crash causation, and effectively enforce driver fatigue laws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.103436
Sajjad Mazloum , Navid Khademi , Zuduo Zheng
Background
Understanding pedestrian attention allocation is critical for enhancing safety at intersections and informing the design of safer pedestrian crossings.
Objectives
We investigate the effects of various factors (individual, environmental, and situational) on pedestrian attention allocation, specifically focusing on two indicators: ‘immediate surrounding attention allocation’ (ISAA), which emphasizes efficient navigation, and ‘safety attention allocation’ (SAA), which highlights adherence to safety measures. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of the pedestrian behavior questionnaire (PBQ) in assessing how pedestrians allocate their attention.
Methods
The study recruited 198 participants from various demographic groups. A virtual reality (VR) walking simulator with varying weather conditions was used, and eye-tracking recorded visual attention. Participants completed simulated street crossings under different conditions. Data were analyzed using statistical tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess factors influencing pedestrian attention.
Findings
The results indicated that adverse weather conditions and time pressure significantly impaired pedestrian attention before and during street crossings. Specifically, hot weather led to increased ISAA. In contrast, rainy and cold conditions negatively affected SAA. Additionally, males exhibited greater attention to traffic settings compared to females, and prior crash experience enhanced cautious pedestrian behavior. The PBQ effectively predicted pedestrian SAA and accounted for the impact of individual characteristics on alertness to safety hazards before crossing the street. As expected, PBQ has fallen short of addressing participants’ ISAA before crossing and individuals’ attention allocation while crossing the street. The findings suggest actionable strategies for improving pedestrian attention and safety through targeted interventions.
{"title":"A study on the role of weather, time pressure, and individual factors in pedestrian attention allocation patterns: Evidence from virtual reality eye-tracking experiments☆","authors":"Sajjad Mazloum , Navid Khademi , Zuduo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Understanding pedestrian attention allocation is critical for enhancing safety at intersections and informing the design of safer pedestrian crossings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigate the effects of various factors (individual, environmental, and situational) on pedestrian attention allocation, specifically focusing on two indicators: ‘immediate surrounding attention allocation’ (ISAA), which emphasizes efficient navigation, and ‘safety attention allocation’ (SAA), which highlights adherence to safety measures. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of the pedestrian behavior questionnaire (PBQ) in assessing how pedestrians allocate their attention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study recruited 198 participants from various demographic groups. A virtual reality (VR) walking simulator with varying weather conditions was used, and eye-tracking recorded visual attention. Participants completed simulated street crossings under different conditions. Data were analyzed using statistical tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess factors influencing pedestrian attention.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The results indicated that adverse weather conditions and time pressure significantly impaired pedestrian attention before and during street crossings. Specifically, hot weather led to increased ISAA. In contrast, rainy and cold conditions negatively affected SAA. Additionally, males exhibited greater attention to traffic settings compared to females, and prior crash experience enhanced cautious pedestrian behavior. The PBQ effectively predicted pedestrian SAA and accounted for the impact of individual characteristics on alertness to safety hazards before crossing the street. As expected, PBQ has fallen short of addressing participants’ ISAA before crossing and individuals’ attention allocation while crossing the street. The findings suggest actionable strategies for improving pedestrian attention and safety through targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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