Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour最新文献_第10页

How to request drivers to prepare for takeovers during automated driving

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.017

Yanbin Wu, Kunihiro Hasegawa, Ken Kihara

Automated vehicles, with the exception of those featuring Level 5 full automation, necessitate drivers to take over control during transitions. By splitting a typical control transition into a preparation request and a takeover request, the two-stage takeover procedure aims to enhance driver performance during transitions. However, the effectiveness of this strategy depends on drivers’ compliance with the preparation request, especially in the context of level 4 automated driving where drivers can completely disengage from the driving task and need to resume control on planned transitions. In this study, we conducted six simulator-based experiments to investigate the efficacy of six human machine interface (HMI) proposed to support driver monitoring behavior during the preparation period. A total of 120 participants (60 females and 60 males, aged 39.8 ± 11.3 years old), with 20 participants in each of the six experiments, took part in the study. We measured drivers’ takeover performance, monitoring behaviors, and subjective acceptance to assess the effectiveness of the HMI elements. The results indicate that the two-stage takeover procedure, which requests drivers’ attention for a brief period, can enhance drivers’ monitoring behaviors and their performance during the transition without negatively impacting their subjective acceptance of automated vehicles. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of tailoring HMI design based on the system’s functionality. Specifically, the hands-on-wheel requirement appears to be effective in promoting drivers’ monitoring behavior and takeover performance without additional system requirements. Adapting the two-stage takeover to specific contexts and system capabilities can enhance drivers’ performance and acceptance, crucial for the successful integration of automated vehicles onto public roads.

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review of abnormal behaviour detection and analysis in driving simulators

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.002

Yuk Ming Tang , Dongning Zhao , Tiantian Chen , Xiaowen Fu

Driving safety is increasingly recognised as a critical global issue, addressed extensively through both naturalistic and simulator-based research. Driving simulators, in particular, offer valuable practical and theoretical contributions to the field, with numerous studies affirming their effectiveness. This review sought to examine relevant simulator-based research, focusing specifically on the detection and analysis of unsafe driving behaviours. While previous studies predominantly focused on individual behaviours, this review encompasses a broader spectrum. Initially, a comprehensive search from 2013 to 2023 yielded 759 research articles from Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Employing established search strategies and adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 70 papers were ultimately selected for detailed review. This analysis examined the methodological approaches of these studies, including the types of unsafe behaviours investigated, the parameters measured, the equipment utilised, and the classification and analysis techniques employed. This review provides an extensive overview of the field, detailing how various simulators detect a range of unsafe driving behaviours and analysing the algorithms used to assess each driving parameter. It also guides researchers in selecting simulator hardware and choosing appropriate detection algorithms. The review highlights the importance of incorporating both vehicle-based and driver-based parameters in driving behaviour studies and advocates for the use of simulators with high levels of freedom and fidelity in experiments. This comprehensive synthesis serves as a valuable resource for regulators and stakeholders, offering foundational insights for developing strategies to reduce unsafe driving behaviours and enhance road safety.

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引用次数: 0

A hybrid exploratory approach for understanding risk driving behaviors of bus drivers: A case study of Nanjing, China

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2024.12.030

Hua Liu , Tiezhu Li , Jun Yang , Haibo Chen

Risk driving behaviors among bus drivers raise growing concerns for public transportation operations, and identifying key influential factors can improve this situation. Based on 117,859 actual operation records from No. 851 bus line in Nanjing, causal relationships between five types of risk driving behaviors and influence factors were investigated by a framework of binary logit models to capture unobserved group and individual heterogeneities. Then, a random forest based SHAP model was utilized to provide further insights into potential inconsistencies. The empirical findings demonstrate that the performance of fixed effect binary logit models is consistent with that of random forest, as well as between the random effect and random parameter binary logit models. Besides, high correlations between land departure, vehicle proximity, and forward collision are observed. Further, travelling speed is identified as the predominant risk indicator, with lower speed being the determinant for distraction driving. Interestingly, the probability of forward collision increases beyond the distance of 50 m from bus bay entrances, and fatigue driving is more prone to occur at the locations less than 50 m from bus bay exits. Specifically, fatigue driving is mainly attributed to temporal and road environment characteristics, and distraction driving is more likely to happen on the single-lane roads with sharp acceleration and deceleration. Moreover, correlations between unobserved heterogeneities and some intervention measures for specific risk driving behaviors are quantified and proposed. Current findings could provide empirical evidence for implementing road safety measures and strategies in public transportation, and serve as supporting evidence for designing safety training programs for bus drivers.

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引用次数: 0

Using a traffic climate scale to understand drivers’ perceptions of their traffic system: An examination of measurement invariance across eight countries

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.030

İbrahim Öztürk , Ruth Madigan , Yee Mun Lee , Elina Aittoniemi , Esko Lehtonen , Natasha Merat

Measuring road users’ attitudes towards the traffic system, often referred to as traffic climate, can provide valuable insights into the experiences of road users and guide the adaptation of road safety measures to the local context. For such a purpose, it is essential to evaluate the psychometric properties of the measurement instrument, to obtain information on its’ validity and reliability, and its suitability for cross-country comparisons. In this study, conducted as part of the Hi-Drive project (hi-drive.eu), we examined the psychometric properties of the Traffic Climate Scale (TCS) across 7896 respondents from eight countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Greece, China, and Japan. The TCS demonstrated a consistent factorial structure across all eight countries, showing configural and metric invariance, as well as partial scalar invariance, indicating high reliability and validity. The results also revealed significant differences among countries, with the traffic climate in Greece being perceived as highly demanding and less functional than other countries. In contrast, the traffic climate in countries like Japan and Sweden was perceived as less demanding and more functional. Age, gender, and exposure to different traffic situations had a limited impact on the perceived traffic climate, suggesting a relatively consistent perception of traffic climate across. The results indicated that the TCS is a reliable instrument for measuring the perceived traffic climate. The use of the measurement could provide more information on the experience of road users in the traffic system and guide the adaptation of road safety measures to the local context.

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引用次数: 0

Integrating behavioral theory and ANNs for understanding electric bikers’ red-light running behavior

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.027

Tianpei Tang , Meining Yuan , Nan Zhang , Hua Wang , Yuntao Guo , Quan Shi

Understanding red-light running (RLR) behavior among electric bikers (e-bikers) is critical for addressing the high accident rates associated with this behavior. Traditional analytical methods, such as econometric modeling, often fail to capture the non-linear dynamics of traffic violations, limiting their effectiveness in exploring the complexity of such behaviors. Conversely, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) excel in handling non-linear relationships but lack interpretability, making their application in decision-making challenging. This study introduces an innovative six-step analytical framework that integrates hybrid ANNs with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This integration utilizes a network weight-based approach to quantify the impacts of influencing factors within the ANNs. The results demonstrate that this hybrid framework not only enhances predictive accuracy but also provides a deeper understanding of the motivational drivers behind e-bikers’ RLR behavior. The study identifies significant behavioral heterogeneities across e-biker groups, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Based on these findings, a multi-faceted intervention strategy is proposed, combining educational campaigns, regulatory measures, and community engagement efforts tailored to distinct behavioral profiles. This research provides a robust foundation for developing safety improvement programs that aim to reduce e-biker accidents and improve overall road safety.

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引用次数: 0

Understanding drivers’ situation awareness in highly automated driving using SAGAT, SART, and eye-tracking data

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.02.003

Young Woo Kim , Sol Hee Yoon

Rapid and accurately forming situation awareness (SA) is essential when transitioning from autonomous to manual driving. This study examines how drivers’ SA is developed when a takeover request (TOR) is issued and compares SA levels across different environmental and time conditions. A laboratory experiment with 39 participants was performed to analyze the SA, perceived safety, and gaze behavior with different levels of traffic density (high and low), road type (urban and highway), and time budget factor (3 s, 10 s, free). The free time budget factor was determined by assessing the participants’ response times indicating when they perceived having acquired sufficient SA. The results revealed significant effects of traffic density, road type, and time budget on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), Situational Awareness Rating Technique (SART), and perceived safety. Post-hoc results for time budget factors revealed significant differences based on the SAGAT score, with the 10-second condition exhibiting the highest score. For the SART and perceived safety scores, the 3-second condition was significantly lower whereas no significant difference was observed between the free and 10-second conditions and the mean response time for the free condition ranged from 10–13 s, with the longest duration in high-traffic and urban conditions. Participants gazed at different AOI when provided with a longer lead time whereas in short lead time conditions, their gaze primarily focused on the front window. These results suggest that drivers develop SA differently based on time constraints, and environmental factors. This study provides valuable insights for developing and implementing autonomous systems, contributing to safer and more efficient transitions between automated and manual driving modes.

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引用次数: 0

Ecological data reveal imbalances in human–human collision avoidance due to dyads' social interaction

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.039

Adrien Gregorj , Zeynep Yücel , Francesco Zanlungo , Takayuki Kanda

Humans navigate public spaces safely and smoothly using complex collision avoidance strategies. Traditional models of human–human collision avoidance often draw from physics, relying on repulsive forces, but the effect of social factors on these strategies is not well understood. This study examines frontal encounters between single pedestrians and two-person groups (dyads), investigating the contributions of each party to collision avoidance and the impact of social interaction within the group. Using an ecological dataset of pedestrian trajectories, we measured deviations from a straight path as a proxy for collision avoidance. Our findings reveal a systematic imbalance and significant effects of social interaction on collision avoidance. Single pedestrians tend to prioritise trajectory efficiency in undisturbed situations and are the primary contributors to avoidance during encounters, adjusting their paths according to the dyad's interaction level. For dyads, social interaction correlates with lower efficiency in undisturbed cases and reduced responsiveness during encounters. An analysis of the impact parameter further shows that collision risk influences path deviations: individuals demonstrate larger deviations in response to highly interactive dyads, both in high-risk and less critical encounters. For dyads, the difference in deviation between low and high interaction levels is most pronounced when the single pedestrian is on a near-collision course. These results deepen our understanding of human pedestrian navigation, illustrating dynamical and social implications of group dynamics.

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引用次数: 0

Effects of connected vehicle (CV) technology on improving driver behavior in the presence of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) platoons

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.046

Taniya Sultana, Hany M. Hassan

The combination of automated vehicle technology and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication leads to the advantage of platoon formation with short inter-vehicular distance. While connected and automated vehicle (CAV) platoons are expected to improve roadway capacity and lower fuel consumption, they might cause some challenges for non-platooning vehicles. This study aims to investigate the hypotheses that providing connected vehicle (CV) warning messages regarding the presence of CAV platoons can improve driver behavior and safety. A driving simulator experiment, featuring four configurations (merging without warning, merging with warning, diverging without warning, and diverging with warning) was designed and tested on 70 drivers. In the ‘no warning’ configurations, drivers encountered CAV platoons without any warning, whereas an audio warning was provided in the ‘warning’ configurations. The findings revealed that providing the warning led to a 17 % increase in merging behind the platoons, whereas more than 90 % of the drivers diverged behind the platoons irrespective of the warning conditions. Six performance measures including mean speed, maximum deceleration, speed standard deviation (SD), acceleration SD, minimum time-to-collision (mTTC), and merging/diverging time were modeled using generalized linear models. The results indicated lower merging and diverging time when provided with warning. Additionally, safety improvement during merging was observed in terms of about 20 % higher mTTC. Safety improvement during diverging was reflected through lower maximum deceleration, speed SD, acceleration SD, and around 5 % higher mTTC. Moreover, female and younger drivers behaved more safely in the ‘warning’ configurations. These results provide insights for planning authorities and auto manufacturers on the usefulness of CV warnings about CAV platoons in improving driver behavior and traffic safety.

{"title":"Effects of connected vehicle (CV) technology on improving driver behavior in the presence of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) platoons","authors":"Taniya Sultana, Hany M. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of automated vehicle technology and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication leads to the advantage of platoon formation with short inter-vehicular distance. While connected and automated vehicle (CAV) platoons are expected to improve roadway capacity and lower fuel consumption, they might cause some challenges for non-platooning vehicles. This study aims to investigate the hypotheses that providing connected vehicle (CV) warning messages regarding the presence of CAV platoons can improve driver behavior and safety. A driving simulator experiment, featuring four configurations (merging without warning, merging with warning, diverging without warning, and diverging with warning) was designed and tested on 70 drivers. In the ‘no warning’ configurations, drivers encountered CAV platoons without any warning, whereas an audio warning was provided in the ‘warning’ configurations. The findings revealed that providing the warning led to a 17 % increase in merging behind the platoons, whereas more than 90 % of the drivers diverged behind the platoons irrespective of the warning conditions. Six performance measures including mean speed, maximum deceleration, speed standard deviation (SD), acceleration SD, minimum time-to-collision (mTTC), and merging/diverging time were modeled using generalized linear models. The results indicated lower merging and diverging time when provided with warning. Additionally, safety improvement during merging was observed in terms of about 20 % higher mTTC. Safety improvement during diverging was reflected through lower maximum deceleration, speed SD, acceleration SD, and around 5 % higher mTTC. Moreover, female and younger drivers behaved more safely in the ‘warning’ configurations. These results provide insights for planning authorities and auto manufacturers on the usefulness of CV warnings about CAV platoons in improving driver behavior and traffic safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 1419-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143206123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving driving automation training through scaffolding of roles and responsibilities Information: A comparison between older and younger drivers

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.042

Haolan Zheng , Justin R. Mason , Sherrilene Classen , Wayne C.W. Giang

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) commonly found in new vehicles that shares the responsibilities of maintaining headway and speed. However, drivers often have a limited understanding of their roles and responsibilities and how they should modify their behaviors when driving with ACC. This study investigates the effect of scaffolding teaching technique by providing additional background knowledge about ACC and highlighting drivers’ new roles and responsibilities for both older and younger adults during text-based ACC training programs. The study also initiates a new approach to evaluate drivers’ learning outcomes at different stages of driving automation training (i.e., reading behavior during training, post-training knowledge test, gaze monitoring behavior, and driving performance during simulated driving). Thirty-nine participants (20 younger + 19 older) received one of the two ACC training protocols: basic (system functionality, operational procedures, and limitations) and comprehensive (basic training + ACC background information and driving roles and responsibilities). The results showed that the comprehensive training led to reduced reading page revisits and adjusted workload during training, better performance in post-training knowledge tests, and more ACC engagement during simulated driving. The findings also suggested the feasibilities and connections within the new training evaluation approach that can provide insights into understanding ACC training outcomes through different stages. Future research is needed to further explore the effect of scaffolding teaching method on trainees’ learning-behavioral translation and the application of the new training evaluation approach to support experimental design or other in-vehicle technologies.

{"title":"Improving driving automation training through scaffolding of roles and responsibilities Information: A comparison between older and younger drivers","authors":"Haolan Zheng , Justin R. Mason , Sherrilene Classen , Wayne C.W. Giang","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) commonly found in new vehicles that shares the responsibilities of maintaining headway and speed. However, drivers often have a limited understanding of their roles and responsibilities and how they should modify their behaviors when driving with ACC. This study investigates the effect of scaffolding teaching technique by providing additional background knowledge about ACC and highlighting drivers’ new roles and responsibilities for both older and younger adults during text-based ACC training programs. The study also initiates a new approach to evaluate drivers’ learning outcomes at different stages of driving automation training (i.e., reading behavior during training, post-training knowledge test, gaze monitoring behavior, and driving performance during simulated driving). Thirty-nine participants (20 younger + 19 older) received one of the two ACC training protocols: basic (system functionality, operational procedures, and limitations) and comprehensive (basic training + ACC background information and driving roles and responsibilities). The results showed that the comprehensive training led to reduced reading page revisits and adjusted workload during training, better performance in post-training knowledge tests, and more ACC engagement during simulated driving. The findings also suggested the feasibilities and connections within the new training evaluation approach that can provide insights into understanding ACC training outcomes through different stages. Future research is needed to further explore the effect of scaffolding teaching method on trainees’ learning-behavioral translation and the application of the new training evaluation approach to support experimental design or other in-vehicle technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 1334-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of driver monitoring systems in mitigating visual distraction depends on secondary task complexity and experience − A driving simulator study

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2024.12.008

Ina Koniakowsky , Yannick Forster , Katharina Wiedemann , Frederik Naujoks , Josef F. Krems , Andreas Keinath

Touchscreens that offer various functions to the driver have become an integral part of the user interface in vehicles. To enable the use of these functions while preventing driver distraction, there is a trend towards implementing driver monitoring systems (DMS). DMS detect distraction and warn drivers accordingly. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the effectiveness of DMS in preventing visual distraction. Furthermore, potential interactions with contextual factors like secondary task complexity and task experience are neglected so far. Therefore, the present study investigated the effectiveness of a DMS, based on the Euro NCAP protocol, that issued warnings when long distraction (≥3 s) or visual attention time sharing (≥10 s in a 30 s window) occurred while driving on a highway. Glance behavior of 57 participants was analyzed while performing secondary tasks on an in-vehicle display with varying levels of task complexity and task experience. The effectiveness of the DMS depended on the task complexity and task experience. For more complex tasks, the DMS significantly reduced the number and total duration of glances to the display, but only for inexperienced trials. For experienced trials, no effect of the DMS was found. For less complex tasks, the DMS significantly reduced the duration of single glances and the proportion of long glances at the display, regardless of task experience. The results indicate that the effectiveness of DMS in reducing distraction is not as straightforward as assumed, emphasizing the importance of evaluating DMS in the context of contextual factors to draw accurate conclusions.

{"title":"The effectiveness of driver monitoring systems in mitigating visual distraction depends on secondary task complexity and experience − A driving simulator study","authors":"Ina Koniakowsky , Yannick Forster , Katharina Wiedemann , Frederik Naujoks , Josef F. Krems , Andreas Keinath","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Touchscreens that offer various functions to the driver have become an integral part of the user interface in vehicles. To enable the use of these functions while preventing driver distraction, there is a trend towards implementing driver monitoring systems (DMS). DMS detect distraction and warn drivers accordingly. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the effectiveness of DMS in preventing visual distraction. Furthermore, potential interactions with contextual factors like secondary task complexity and task experience are neglected so far. Therefore, the present study investigated the effectiveness of a DMS, based on the Euro NCAP protocol, that issued warnings when long distraction (≥3s) or visual attention time sharing (≥10 s in a 30 s window) occurred while driving on a highway. Glance behavior of 57 participants was analyzed while performing secondary tasks on an in-vehicle display with varying levels of task complexity and task experience. The effectiveness of the DMS depended on the task complexity and task experience. For more complex tasks, the DMS significantly reduced the number and total duration of glances to the display, but only for inexperienced trials. For experienced trials, no effect of the DMS was found. For less complex tasks, the DMS significantly reduced the duration of single glances and the proportion of long glances at the display, regardless of task experience. The results indicate that the effectiveness of DMS in reducing distraction is not as straightforward as assumed, emphasizing the importance of evaluating DMS in the context of contextual factors to draw accurate conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 125-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0