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The impact of advice uncertainty and individual regulatory modes on advice taking 建议的不确定性和个别监管模式对接受建议的影响
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3063
Xiufang Du, Ruiqi He, Yating Wang, Jing Wang

In previous research on advice taking, researchers have mainly focused on certain types of advice. However, in practice, when people give advice to others, there is often a degree of uncertainty (e.g. I think that the distance between Beijing and Shanghai is between 800 and 1200 km). To date, only a few studies have examined the impact of uncertain advice on advice taking. Through two studies, the present research explores the influence of advice uncertainty and individuals’ regulatory mode predominance on advice taking and the mediating mechanism. In Study 1, the participants' chronic regulatory mode was measured by a questionnaire, and in Study 2, we induced the predominance of the participants’ situational regulatory mode using a recall task. We found that people are more likely to adopt advice with low uncertainty. The moderating effect of participants' regulatory mode on the impact of advice uncertainty on advice taking occurs only when the regulatory mode is induced by the situation. For the assessment-predominant group, there was a significant difference between the no-uncertainty group and the high-uncertainty group, while for the locomotion-predominant group, this difference was not significant. Additionally, our study revealed the mediating role of advice reliability, which existed only when the participants were able to compare low- and no-uncertainty advice in a within-participant design. That is, when decision makers adopt uncertainty advice within ranges, they not only consider reliability but also weigh multiple factors. Our findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying individuals' preferences for uncertain advice and reasoning about individual differences.

在以往关于建议采纳的研究中,研究人员主要关注某些类型的建议。然而,在实际生活中,当人们向他人提供建议时,往往存在一定程度的不确定性(例如,我认为北京和上海之间的距离在 800 到 1200 公里之间)。迄今为止,只有少数研究探讨了不确定性建议对接受建议的影响。本研究通过两项研究,探讨了建议的不确定性和个体的调节模式主导地位对建议采纳的影响及中介机制。在研究 1 中,我们通过问卷调查测量了参与者的慢性调节模式;在研究 2 中,我们通过回忆任务诱导参与者的情景调节模式主导地位。我们发现,人们更倾向于采纳不确定性低的建议。只有在情境诱导调节模式的情况下,参与者的调节模式才会对建议不确定性对建议采纳的影响产生调节作用。对于评估主导组,无不确定性组与高不确定性组之间存在显著差异,而对于运动主导组,这种差异并不显著。此外,我们的研究还揭示了建议可靠性的中介作用,只有当参与者能够在参与者内部设计中比较低不确定性建议和无不确定性建议时,建议可靠性才会存在。也就是说,当决策者在一定范围内采纳不确定性建议时,他们不仅会考虑可靠性,还会权衡多种因素。我们的研究结果有助于理解个人对不确定性建议的偏好机制以及对个体差异的推理。
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引用次数: 0
Attachment and perceptual accuracy of hard and flat partner emotions in everyday life 日常生活中的依恋以及对硬性和软性伴侣情绪的感知准确性
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3064
Martine W. F. T. Verhees, Eva Ceulemans, Laura Sels, Peter Kuppens

Perceiving partner emotions accurately is relevant for relationship functioning and may relate to perceivers’ attachment orientations. Here we tested whether attachment anxiety and avoidance affect the perception of a hard and a flat partner emotion which can signal a relationship threat, that is, irritation and indifference towards the partner, and of general affective valence. We assessed whether individuals (1) over- or underestimate (directional bias) and (2) track changes (tracking accuracy) in their partner's emotions. Ninety-four couples reported on their own emotions and their perception of their partner's emotions multiple times per day during 1 week. Results revealed that more avoidantly attached men less accurately tracked changes in partner irritation and more anxiously attached men less accurately tracked changes in partner affective valence. No other significant associations of attachment with tracking accuracy nor with directional bias were found. Overall, the findings suggest no robust relation between attachment insecurity and perception of partner irritation, indifference and affective valence in everyday life.

准确感知伴侣的情绪与人际关系的正常运行息息相关,而且可能与感知者的依恋取向有关。在这里,我们测试了依恋焦虑和回避是否会影响对伴侣情绪(可能预示着关系威胁)(即对伴侣的恼怒和冷漠)和一般情绪价值的感知。我们评估了个体是否(1)高估或低估(方向性偏差)以及(2)追踪伴侣情绪的变化(追踪准确性)。94 对夫妇在一周内每天多次报告他们自己的情绪以及他们对伴侣情绪的感知。结果显示,依恋程度较高的回避型男性对伴侣恼怒情绪变化的追踪准确度较低,而依恋程度较高的焦虑型男性对伴侣情感价位变化的追踪准确度较低。没有发现依恋与追踪准确性或方向性偏差有其他重要关联。总之,研究结果表明,在日常生活中,依恋不安全感与对伴侣的恼怒、冷漠和情感价位的感知之间没有密切的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Ostracism negatively impacts working self-perceptions of personality 排斥对工作中的自我人格认知产生负面影响
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3058
James H. Wirth, Andrew H. Hales, Melissa T. Buelow

We examined if being ostracized (excluded and ignored) changes working self-perception of personality ─ a core aspect of the self ─ which may contribute to understanding post-ostracism behaviour. Across three studies (= 943), using a virtual ball-toss game (i.e., Cyberball), participants were either ostracized, included or mentally visualized playing the game. Subsequently, participants reported working self-perceptions of their personality (using two measures of Big Five personality), ostracism's immediate effects (e.g., basic needs) and post-ostracism behavioural intentions: aggressive temptations and solitude seeking. Across the studies, ostracism in Cyberball negatively impacted working self-perception of personality: ostracized participants were less conscientious, agreeable, open and extraverted, and more neurotic (negative emotionality), compared to controls. Illustrating that altered working self-perceptions are important to consider, ostracism's increase of aggressive temptations was mediated by agreeableness, even when accounting for ostracism's immediate (reflexive) effects. Additionally, ostracism's increase in solitude seeking was mediated by extraversion. Ultimately, these aversive self-perceptions may create difficulties in socially connecting with others.

我们研究了被排斥(被排斥和被忽视)是否会改变工作中的自我人格感知--自我的一个核心方面--这可能有助于理解被排斥后的行为。在三项研究中(N = 943),我们使用了一款虚拟投掷球游戏(即 "网络球"),参与者要么被排斥,要么被包容,要么在心理上想象自己在玩游戏。随后,参与者报告了对自己人格的工作自我认知(使用大五人格的两种测量方法)、排斥的直接影响(如基本需求)和排斥后的行为意向:攻击性诱惑和寻求独处。在所有研究中,网络球运动中的排斥对工作中的自我人格认知产生了负面影响:与对照组相比,被排斥的参与者更不认真、更不合群、更不开放、更不外向,而且更神经质(负面情绪化)。即使考虑到排斥的直接(反射性)影响,排斥对攻击性诱惑的增加也是由合群性中介的,这说明改变工作中的自我认知是需要考虑的重要因素。此外,排斥对孤独感的增加也是由外向性中介的。最终,这些厌恶性的自我认知可能会造成与他人建立社会联系的困难。
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引用次数: 0
Self-objectification and sexual dysfunction among women: Testing and extending objectification theory 女性的自我物化与性功能障碍:测试和扩展物化理论
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3056
Rotem Kahalon, Verena Klein, Shani Alon, Nurit Shnabel

Objectification theory predicts that women's self-objectification should lead to sexual dysfunction, yet previous studies failed to provide consistent support for this prediction. The present research—which used two sufficiently powered samples and a self-objectification measurement (SOBBS) with improved psychometric qualities and content validity than previous measurements—found support for the expected association between self-objectification and sexual dysfunction among heterosexual women in Israel and the United States (N = 404 and 366, Mage = 30.59 and 36.93, respectively). We also examined two novel potential mediators of this association, entitlement for pleasure and sexual agency (i.e., the capability to express sexual desires and boundaries), and found that the latter mediated the link between self-objectification and sexual dysfunction. The mediators originally proposed by objectification theory (i.e. appearance anxiety, body shame, awareness of internal body states and flow) failed to mediate this link. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

物化理论预测,女性的自我物化应该会导致性功能障碍,但之前的研究却未能为这一预测提供一致的支持。本研究使用了两个足够有效的样本,以及一种心理测量质量和内容有效性均优于以往测量方法的自我客体化测量方法(SOBBS),在以色列和美国的异性恋女性中发现,自我客体化与性功能障碍之间的预期关联得到了支持(样本数分别为 404 和 366,Mage = 30.59 和 36.93)。我们还研究了这一关联的两个新的潜在中介因素,即获得快乐的权利和性能力(即表达性欲望和性界限的能力),结果发现后者在自我客体化和性功能障碍之间起到了中介作用。物化理论最初提出的中介因素(即外貌焦虑、身体羞耻感、对身体内部状态的认识和流动)未能起到中介作用。本文讨论了理论和方法论方面的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived social mobility and system justification predict greater well-being, but less prosocial behaviour 感知到的社会流动性和制度合理性预示着更大的幸福感,但亲善行为较少
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3054
Lora E. Park, Deborah E. Ward, Han Young Jung, Jennifer Weng

In the present research, we propose that perceptions of social mobility (PSM) are beneficial for oneself but costly to others. Supporting this idea, people who were led to think that social mobility in society is probable (vs. improbable) (Study 1a/b, = 754; Study 3a/b, = 938) or held this belief at a dispositional level (Study 2a/b, = 877) showed greater endorsement of system justifying beliefs, which was related to greater happiness and life satisfaction. However, the more people perceived social mobility and justified the system, the less willing they were to help others in need, and this was especially true for those who thought the current economic system was fair and legitimate. Thus, while greater perceived social mobility is related to increased personal well-being through justification of the sociopolitical system, it predicts less desire to help others due to increased support of the economic status quo.

在本研究中,我们提出社会流动性认知(PSM)对自己有利,但对他人代价高昂。支持这一观点的是,那些被引导认为社会流动性是可能的(相对于不可能)(研究 1a/b,N = 754;研究 3a/b,N = 938)或在处置层面上持有这一信念(研究 2a/b,N = 877)的人,表现出更多的认可制度合理化信念,这与更高的幸福感和生活满意度有关。然而,越是认为社会流动性越强、制度越合理的人,越不愿意帮助需要帮助的人,尤其是那些认为当前经济制度公平合理的人。因此,虽然人们对社会流动性的感知越强,就越能证明社会政治制度的合理性,从而增加个人幸福感,但同时也预示着人们对经济现状的支持度越高,就越不愿意帮助他人。
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引用次数: 0
How do disadvantaged groups perceive allies? Women's perceptions of men who confront sexism in an egalitarian or paternalistic way 弱势群体如何看待盟友?妇女对以平等主义或家长式方式对抗性别歧视的男性的看法
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3059
Lucía Estevan-Reina, Soledad de Lemus, Jesús L. Megías, Helena R. M. Radke, Julia C. Becker, Craig McGarty

In this research, we focused on women's perception of men as allies depending on the type of confrontation. We conducted four experimental scenario studies (Study 1 and 2 in a bar setting; Study 3 and 4 in a workplace setting) where a man confronted a sexist comment using either an egalitarian or paternalistic argument. Results showed that women are more likely to perceive egalitarian (vs. paternalistic) confronters as allies (Studies 1–4). This is explained by the fact that they contribute to reducing power asymmetries (decreasing perceived interpersonal power differences: Studies 2 and 4; or increasing women's empowerment: Studies 3 and 4). Furthermore, the egalitarian (vs. paternalistic) confrontation positively impacts interpersonal and intergroup relations, and this is explained by the perception of the confronter as an ally (Studies 1, 2 and 4). We discuss the role of disadvantaged group members’ perception of advantaged group members to disentangle the complexity of alliances.

在这项研究中,我们重点研究了女性对男性盟友的看法,具体取决于对抗的类型。我们进行了四项实验情景研究(研究 1 和研究 2 在酒吧环境中进行;研究 3 和研究 4 在工作场所环境中进行),让男性用平等主义或家长式论点来对抗性别歧视言论。结果显示,女性更倾向于将平等主义(相对于家长式)的对抗者视为盟友(研究 1-4)。这是因为他们有助于减少权力的不对称(减少感知到的人际权力差异:研究 2 和 4;或增强妇女权能:研究 3 和 4)。此外,平等主义(与家长式)对抗会对人际关系和群体间关系产生积极影响,这是因为对抗者被视为盟友(研究 1、2 和 4)。我们讨论了弱势群体成员对优势群体成员看法的作用,以揭示联盟的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Parent and community political orientation predicts children's health behaviours 家长和社区的政治取向可预测儿童的健康行为
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3055
Anton Gollwitzer, Julia Marshall, Young-eun Lee, Paul Deutchman, Felix Warneken, Katherine McAuliffe

Does political partisanship extend to childhood? To what degree are children, a largely non-political population, impacted by parents’ and communities’ political orientations? We examined children's behaviours and attitudes during a politically divisive event – the COVID-19 pandemic. Children (4- to 12-year-olds; = 313) of liberal (vs. conservative) parents reported greater preventive COVID-19 behaviours, such as mask wearing and physical distancing, and responded more positively to these health behaviours. At the community level, children living in Democratic-voting (vs. Republican-voting) U.S. counties more strongly endorsed preventive COVID-19 behaviours. Political orientation was a better predictor than education, income, religiosity, population-density, and infection rates. Mediation and moderation analyses revealed that the parent–child political link was driven by children's perceptions of their parents' guidance, behaviours, and concern about COVID-19, and that this link was attenuated in Democratic- versus Republican-voting counties. Political orientation appears to play an unexpectedly prominent role, both at the intimate family and broader community level, in determining children's behaviours and attitudes.

政治党派性是否会延伸到儿童时期?儿童在很大程度上是非政治人群,他们在多大程度上受到父母和社区政治倾向的影响?我们研究了在 COVID-19 大流行这一政治分裂事件中儿童的行为和态度。父母为自由派(与保守派)的儿童(4-12 岁;N = 313)报告了更多的 COVID-19 预防行为,如佩戴口罩和保持身体距离,并对这些健康行为做出了更积极的回应。在社区层面上,生活在美国民主党投票县(与共和党投票县)的儿童对 COVID-19 预防行为的认可度更高。与教育、收入、宗教信仰、人口密度和感染率相比,政治倾向是更好的预测因素。调解和调节分析表明,父母与子女之间的政治联系是由子女对父母的指导、行为以及对 COVID-19 的关注程度所决定的,而这种联系在民主党与共和党投票县之间有所减弱。无论是在亲密家庭层面还是在更广泛的社区层面,政治取向似乎都在决定儿童的行为和态度方面发挥着意想不到的重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Will you get vaccinated? Trade-offs between purity, liberty and care predict attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination 您会接种疫苗吗?纯洁、自由和关爱之间的权衡预示着对接种 Covid-19 疫苗的态度
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3057
Amrita Ahluwalia-McMeddes, Sarah L. Guthrie, Catriona Z. Taylor

How do tensions between moral values predict how likely we are to receive Covid-19 vaccination? Previous work suggests that moral foundations, particularly purity and liberty, relate to decisions to vaccinate. In addition, research on the moral trade-off hypothesis suggests value in exploring trade-offs between foundations. We conducted three studies across the pandemic: at the start of the vaccine rollout (Study 1, N = 170); during delivery (Study 2, N = 328) and 2 years later (Study 3, N = 388). We find that trade-offs between purity and care and between liberty and care are predictive of higher levels of vaccine reluctance—individuals who endorse purity or liberty more, relative to care, were more reluctant towards Covid-19 vaccination, less likely to have received a vaccine and have lower intention to get future Covid-19 vaccines. This research highlights the relevance of moral values, and trade-offs between them, in vaccine attitudes and decisions.

道德价值观之间的矛盾如何预测我们接受 Covid-19 疫苗接种的可能性?以往的研究表明,道德基础,尤其是纯洁和自由,与接种疫苗的决定有关。此外,有关道德权衡假说的研究表明,探索不同基础之间的权衡很有价值。我们在大流行期间进行了三项研究:疫苗推广初期(研究 1,N = 170);疫苗接种期间(研究 2,N = 328)和两年后(研究 3,N = 388)。我们发现,在纯洁与关爱之间以及在自由与关爱之间进行权衡可预测更高水平的疫苗接种意愿--相对于关爱而言,更认可纯洁或自由的个体更不愿意接种 Covid-19,接种疫苗的可能性更低,未来接种 Covid-19 疫苗的意愿也更低。这项研究强调了道德价值观以及它们之间的权衡在疫苗态度和决策中的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
The secondary transfer effects of contact in facilitating peace in a frozen conflict: The case of Turkish immigrants in Cyprus 接触在促进僵持冲突和平中的二次转移效应:塞浦路斯土耳其移民的案例
IF 2.8 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3044
Halime Ünver-Aba, Hüseyin Çakal

The present research focuses on the secondary transfer effect of contact, a relatively less researched dimension of intergroup contact, on reconciliation in the context of one of the most intractable and longest surviving interethnic conflicts in Europe, the Cyprus conflict. Currently, Cyprus is home to three groups with differential social, economic and political statuses: (1) disadvantaged low-status Turkish immigrants, (2) simultaneously advantaged (relative to Turkish immigrants) and disadvantaged (relative to Greek Cypriots) Turkish Cypriots and (3) historically advantaged high-status Greek Cypriots. Across two studies (Study 1 N = 270 and Study 2 N = 501), we test whether and how Turkish immigrants’ contact with Turkish Cypriots shapes Turkish immigrants' support for reconciliation and willingness to live with Greek Cypriots via attitude generalisation. We also investigate whether Turkish immigrants’ perceived ingroup reputation qualifies this process. Controlling for the effects of direct contact with Greek Cypriots, our results show that both quantity and quality of contact with proximal Turkish Cypriots were indirectly associated with greater support for reconciliation with them and more willingness to live with Greek Cypriots via positive attitudes towards the primary (Turkish Cypriots) and positive attitudes towards the secondary (Greek Cypriots), sequentially. Moreover, we found that the perceived higher ingroup reputation across the island positively moderated the indirect effects of primary group contact on support for reconciliation and willingness to live with Greek Cypriots. That is, more contact with the primary outgroup was positively linked to greater support for reconciliation with the distal secondary outgroup Greek Cypriots when perceptions of ingroup reputation were higher.

本研究的重点是接触对和解的二次转移效应,这是群体间接触中研究相对较少的一个方面,其背景是欧洲最棘手、持续时间最长的种族间冲突之一--塞浦路斯冲突。目前,塞浦路斯有三个社会、经济和政治地位不同的群体:(1) 处于不利地位的低地位土耳其移民;(2) 同时处于有利地位(相对于土耳其移民)和不利地位(相对于希族塞人)的土族塞人;(3) 历史上处于有利地位的高地位希族塞人。通过两项研究(研究 1 N = 270,研究 2 N = 501),我们检验了土耳其移民与土族塞人的接触是否以及如何通过态度泛化影响土耳其移民对和解的支持以及与希族塞人共同生活的意愿。我们还调查了土耳其移民感知到的内群体声誉是否会影响这一过程。在控制了与希族塞人直接接触的影响后,我们的结果表明,与近距离土族塞人接触的数量和质量都与更支持与他们和解以及更愿意与希族塞人共同生活间接相关,这主要是通过对主要(土族塞人)的积极态度和对次要(希族塞人)的积极态度来实现的。此外,我们还发现,在全岛范围内感知到的较高的内部群体声誉积极调节了主要群体接触对支持和解和愿意与希族塞人共同生活的间接影响。也就是说,当认为内群体声誉较高时,与主要外群体的接触越多,就越支持与远距离的次要外群体希族塞人和解。
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引用次数: 0
Moral inferences from androgynous faces are beyond categorical uncertainty: Evidence of a positive bias towards androgynous targets 从雌雄同体的面孔中得出的道德推断超越了分类的不确定性:对雌雄同体目标存在积极偏见的证据
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3048
Alessandro Ansani, Antonio Olivera-La Rosa

Postulating a negative bias towards social ambiguity, we conducted cross-cultural online research to assess whether categorical discrepancies in the perception of androgynous faces were associated with the uncanny feeling and inferences of different morality. Across four studies, we found that androgynous faces were harder to classify into a binary sex category than sex-typical faces, but this difficulty did not influence social judgements of androgynous targets in a negative fashion. In Study 1 (Spanish-speaking sample, N = 76), we found that androgynous faces were rated as more trustworthy, less creepy, and less morally different than sex-typical faces. Study 2 replicated most of the findings from Study 1 in an Italian sample (N = 45). Positive bias towards androgyny was not replicated with a different set of stimuli featuring faces of diverse ethnic backgrounds (Study 3, Spanish-speaking sample, N = 140). However, results revealed a main effect of ethnicity in participants’ responses. When controlling for the effect of morphing procedures in stimuli selection, an overall positive bias towards androgynous targets arose, especially when compared to masculine targets (Study 4, Spanish-speaking sample, N = 85). These findings suggest that, at least in certain conditions, a positive social bias towards androgynous faces may emerge that does not depend on categorical uncertainty and facial attractiveness.

我们假设了一种对社会模糊性的负面偏见,并进行了跨文化在线研究,以评估对雌雄同体面孔的感知中的分类差异是否与不可思议的感觉和不同道德的推断有关。在四项研究中,我们发现雌雄同体的面孔比性别典型的面孔更难被归类为二元性别类别,但这种困难并不会以负面的方式影响社会对雌雄同体目标的判断。在研究 1(西班牙语样本,N = 76)中,我们发现雌雄同体面孔比性别典型面孔更值得信赖、更不令人毛骨悚然、道德差异更小。研究 2 在意大利样本(样本数 = 45)中重复了研究 1 的大部分发现。在不同种族背景的面孔刺激下,对雌雄同体的积极偏好没有得到验证(研究 3,西班牙语样本,N = 140)。然而,研究结果表明,种族对参与者的反应有主要影响。当控制了刺激物选择中变形程序的影响后,总体上出现了对雌雄同体目标的积极偏向,尤其是与男性目标相比(研究 4,西班牙语样本,N = 85)。这些研究结果表明,至少在某些条件下,对雌雄同体面孔可能会产生积极的社会偏向,而这种偏向并不取决于分类不确定性和面部吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
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European Journal of Social Psychology
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