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‘Dutch’ according to children and mothers: Nationality stereotypes and citizenship representation 儿童和母亲眼中的 "荷兰人":国籍定型观念和公民身份代表
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3051
Ymke de Bruijn, Yiran Yang, Judi Mesman

This research examines the endorsement of the nationality stereotype Dutch = White among children and associations with citizenship representations of their mothers (Study 1). Additionally, Study 2 explores how mothers include the concept of Dutch citizenship in the upbringing of their children. Study 1 shows that children (n = 197, 57% girls, 7–13 years old) from different ethnic-racial backgrounds (White Dutch, Turkish-Dutch, Black Dutch, Chinese-Dutch) all endorsed the nationality stereotype and did so to a similar extent. Most mothers rated civic citizenship as more important than ethnic citizenship, but maternal citizenship representations were unrelated to child nationality stereotype. Study 2 shows that mothers often do not actively and consciously include the topic of Dutch citizenship in their upbringing, but might confirm the nationality stereotype in more implicit ways. Future studies are needed to examine how to work towards a more inclusive view of nationality among children in the Dutch context.

本研究探讨了儿童对荷兰=白人这一国籍刻板印象的认同及其与母亲的公民身份表述之间的关联(研究 1)。此外,研究 2 还探讨了母亲如何将荷兰国籍的概念纳入子女的教育中。研究 1 显示,来自不同种族背景(白种荷兰人、土耳其裔荷兰人、黑种荷兰人、华裔荷兰人)的儿童(n = 197,57% 为女孩,7-13 岁)都认同国籍刻板印象,而且认同程度相似。大多数母亲认为公民身份比种族身份更重要,但母亲的公民身份表述与儿童的国籍刻板印象无关。研究 2 表明,母亲通常不会主动、有意识地将荷兰公民身份这一主题纳入其教育中,但可能会以更隐性的方式确认国籍刻板印象。今后还需要开展研究,探讨如何在荷兰背景下努力使儿童对国籍的看法更具包容性。
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引用次数: 0
When views about alternative medicine, nature and god come in the way of people's vaccination intentions 当有关替代医学、自然和上帝的观点阻碍了人们的疫苗接种意愿时
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3047
Pascaline Van Oost, Mathias Schmitz, Olivier Klein, Marie Brisbois, Olivier Luminet, Sofie Morbée, Eveline Raemdonck, Omer Van den Bergh, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Joachim Waterschoot, Vincent Yzerbyt

In spite of the safety and efficiency of the COVID-19 vaccines and the many promotion efforts of political and expert authorities, a fair portion of the population remained hesitant if not opposed to vaccination. Public debate and the available literature point to the possible role of people's attitudes towards medical institutions as well as their preference for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) on their motivations and intentions to be vaccinated. Other potential ideological factors are beliefs about environmental laissez-faire and divine providence insofar as they encourage people to let the pandemic unfold without human interference. In three cross-sectional samples (total N = 8214), collected at successive moments during the Belgian vaccination campaign, the present research examines the distal role of these psychological and ideological factors on vaccination intentions via motivational processes. Study 1 gauges the relation between trust in medical institutions and preference for CAM on intentions to get vaccinated via motivations. Study 2 examined the role of beliefs in the desirability of letting nature take its course (‘environmental laissez-faire beliefs’) on vaccination intention via motivations. Study 3 tests whether people's adherence to environmental laissez-faire and beliefs about divine providence are linked to their motivations for vaccination via trust in the medical institutions and CAM. Results show that adherence to CAM has a deleterious effect on vaccination intentions, whereas trust in medical institutions has a positive effect. Both ideological factors pertaining to external control are only moderately related, with environmental laissez-faire beliefs having stronger effects on CAM, medical trust and vaccination motivations. We discuss the importance of this set of results in light of the growing interest in CAM and the increasing presence of messages appealing to the environment.

尽管 COVID-19 疫苗安全有效,政治和专家当局也做了许多宣传工作,但仍有相当一部分人对接种疫苗犹豫不决,甚至持反对态度。公众辩论和现有文献表明,人们对医疗机构的态度以及对补充和替代医学(CAM)的偏好可能会影响他们接种疫苗的动机和意向。其他潜在的意识形态因素还包括对环境自由放任和上天旨意的信仰,因为这些信仰鼓励人们在没有人类干预的情况下任由大流行病发展。本研究在比利时疫苗接种活动期间连续收集了三个横截面样本(总人数 = 8214),通过动机过程研究了这些心理和意识形态因素对疫苗接种意愿的远端作用。研究 1 通过动机来衡量对医疗机构的信任和对 CAM 的偏好与接种疫苗意愿之间的关系。研究 2 通过动机考察了顺其自然的信念("环境自由放任信念")对疫苗接种意向的影响。研究 3 通过对医疗机构和 CAM 的信任,检验了人们对环境自由放任的坚持和对天意的信仰是否与他们的疫苗接种动机有关。结果显示,信奉 CAM 对疫苗接种意愿有负面影响,而对医疗机构的信任则有正面影响。与外部控制有关的两个意识形态因素仅有适度的相关性,而环境自由放任信念对CAM、医疗信任和疫苗接种动机的影响更大。鉴于人们对 CAM 的兴趣与日俱增,以及呼吁环境的信息越来越多,我们讨论了这组结果的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Why cannot reasons change your moral decisions? Because they are not persuasive enough: A comment on Stanley et al. (2018) 为什么理由不能改变你的道德决定?因为它们不够有说服力:对斯坦利等人(2018)的评论
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3053
Ruixiang Gao, Qikai Xiao, Shengqiao Huang, Zhuoyu Li, Lei Mo

Stanley et al. (2018) found that the consideration of reasons rarely induced people to change their moral decisions. We challenged this article by assuming what caused such a null or weak effect was that the persuasiveness of reasons provided to oppose the initial decisions was not strong enough. To verify our assumption, this study used Stanley et al.’s (2018) experimental paradigm and manipulated the levels of persuasiveness of reasons. The results revealed (1) that not only strong opposing reasons but also weak affirming reasons could induce changes in moral decision-making and increase decision confidence after altering the decisions; (2) that people with a weak decision confidence tended to change their initial decisions after evaluation of reasons; and (3) that people who maintained their decisions after considering weak opposing reasons enhanced rather than reduced their decision confidence. Overall, these findings demonstrated that moral decision change was a composite outcome of the interaction among reason type, reason persuasiveness and initial decision confidence and that low-quality argumentation had a boomerang effect on moral persuasion. This study re-lifted the role of rational reasoning in moral decision-making and revising, thus posing important amendments to Stanley et al.’s (2018) findings.

斯坦利等人(2018)发现,考虑理由很少会促使人们改变道德决定。我们对这篇文章提出了质疑,假设造成这种无效或微弱效果的原因是,为反对最初决定而提供的理由的说服力不够强。为了验证我们的假设,本研究采用了斯坦利等人(2018)的实验范式,并操纵了理由的说服力水平。结果发现:(1)不仅强烈的反对理由,而且微弱的肯定理由都能引起道德决策的改变,并在改变决策后增加决策信心;(2)决策信心弱的人倾向于在评估理由后改变最初的决策;(3)在考虑微弱的反对理由后维持决策的人增强了而不是降低了决策信心。总之,这些研究结果表明,道德决定的改变是理由类型、理由说服力和最初决定信心之间相互作用的综合结果,而低质量的论证对道德说服具有回旋效应。本研究重新提升了理性推理在道德决策和修正中的作用,从而对Stanley等人(2018)的研究结论提出了重要修正。
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引用次数: 0
‘We despair’: Examining the role of political despair for collective action and well-being 我们感到绝望研究政治绝望对集体行动和福祉的作用
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3052
Lucy H. Bird, Emma F. Thomas, Michael Wenzel

Anecdotally, people often report feeling despair about the political status quo. We conceptualise these feelings as political despair. But what is political despair, and what are its effects? We adapt intergroup emotion theory to analyse political despair in the context of racial inequality (Studies 1 and 2) and climate change (Study 3). Three cross-sectional studies (total N = 866) tested the measurement of political despair (relative to anger and hope), its pattern of appraisals and outcomes for conventional and radical actions along with well-being (stress, burnout and optimism). Structural equation modelling differentiated political despair from anger and hope and found that despair is associated with evaluations that the situation is both illegitimate and intractable (unchangeable). Moreover, political despair consistently had a negative relationship with well-being and positive relationships with conventional and radical collective action. The results suggest political despair is negatively associated with well-being and impact people's engagement in action for social change.

据传闻,人们经常对政治现状感到绝望。我们将这些感觉概念化为政治绝望。但什么是政治绝望,它的影响又是什么?我们调整了群体间情绪理论,以分析种族不平等(研究 1 和 2)和气候变化(研究 3)背景下的政治绝望情绪。三项横截面研究(总人数 = 866)测试了政治绝望的测量(相对于愤怒和希望)、其评价模式、传统和激进行动的结果以及幸福感(压力、倦怠和乐观)。结构方程模型将政治绝望与愤怒和希望区分开来,发现绝望与对局势的非法性和棘手性(不可改变)的评价有关。此外,政治绝望与幸福感之间始终存在负相关关系,而与传统和激进的集体行动之间则存在正相关关系。研究结果表明,政治绝望与幸福感呈负相关,并影响人们参与社会变革行动。
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引用次数: 0
From forgiveness and reconciliation to social capital and psychosocial well-being: An evaluation of a multisite intervention in Colombia 从宽恕与和解到社会资本与社会心理健康:对哥伦比亚多地点干预措施的评估
IF 2.8 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3033
Gabriel Velez, Fabio Idrobo

In 2016, the Colombian government signed a historic peace accord with the FARC-EP after 50 years of armed conflict. Still, widespread obstacles to forgiveness and reconciliation remained. The current study explores the potential of reconciliation centres (RC) in Medellin to help counteract a return to violence. These seven RCs included three branches of programming about forgiveness and reconciliation to support community well-being and social capital. A between-group analysis, as part of a quasi-experimental design, demonstrated no significant growth in participants’ understanding that restoration is different from reparation or awareness that reconciliation involves approaching the other to rebuild. There was enhanced acceptance that forgiveness is not forgetting and is a personal decision. While social capital increased, the perception that the community likes to help others and that community work benefits others decreased. The findings demonstrate the complicated relationships between reconciliation, community well-being and social capital, especially for community-level interventions in violent contexts.

2016 年,哥伦比亚政府与哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军(FARC-EP)在经历了 50 年的武装冲突后签署了历史性的和平协议。然而,宽恕与和解仍然普遍存在障碍。本研究探讨了麦德林和解中心(RC)帮助抵制暴力回潮的潜力。这七个和解中心包括三个有关宽恕与和解的项目,以支持社区福祉和社会资本。作为准实验设计的一部分,组间分析表明,参与者对恢复与赔偿不同的理解或对和解涉及接近对方以重建的认识没有显著提高。宽恕不是遗忘,是个人的决定,这一点得到了更多的认可。虽然社会资本增加了,但对社区乐于助人和社区工作有益于他人的认识却下降了。研究结果表明,和解、社区福祉和社会资本之间的关系错综复杂,对于暴力环境下的社区干预措施而言尤其如此。
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引用次数: 0
When growth mindset backfires: The effect of the perceived malleability of groups and utilitarian motives on support for collective punishment 当成长心态起反作用时:感知到的群体可塑性和功利动机对支持集体惩罚的影响
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3049
Dan Confino, Noa Schori-Eyal, Mario Gollwitzer, Juan M. Falomir-Pichastor

Collective punishment (CP) is deemed unfair because it sanctions group members who are not responsible for the wrongdoing. However, CP may be driven by utilitarian motives, aiming to deter other group members from committing offenses. This research investigated whether individuals’ inclination to support CP for utilitarian reasons is influenced by their belief in the malleability of groups (their belief that groups can change; a growth mindset). In Studies 1 and 2, we assessed utilitarian motives and manipulated participants’ perception of group malleability. In Study 3, we assessed perceived group malleability and manipulated motives for justice (utilitarianism vs. retribution). Across these studies, the dependent variable was participants’ support for CP. Results consistently showed that utilitarian (more than retributive) motives increased support for CP, specifically among participants who believed in the growth mindset of groups. We discuss the relevance of these findings for social justice and growth mindset literature.

集体惩罚(CP)被认为是不公平的,因为它制裁的是对不法行为不负责任的群体成员。然而,集体惩罚可能是出于功利动机,旨在阻止其他群体成员犯罪。本研究调查了个人出于功利原因而倾向于支持公民保护是否会受到他们对群体可塑性的信念(他们相信群体是可以改变的;成长型思维模式)的影响。在研究 1 和研究 2 中,我们评估了功利动机,并操纵了参与者对群体可塑性的认知。在研究 3 中,我们评估了参与者对群体可塑性的感知,并操纵了他们的正义动机(功利主义与报应)。在所有这些研究中,因变量都是参与者对 CP 的支持度。结果一致表明,功利主义(比报应主义)动机增加了对 CP 的支持,特别是在那些相信群体具有成长心态的参与者中。我们将讨论这些发现对社会公正和成长心态文献的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Vernacular constructions of the relationship between freedom of speech and (potential) hate speech: The case of Finland 言论自由与(潜在)仇恨言论之间关系的方言构建:芬兰案例
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3045
Katarina Pettersson, Ov Cristian Norocel

The blurred distinction between freedom of expression and hate speech in ever more polarised public debates across Europe and beyond has prompted research on hate speech, particularly focusing on right-wing populist politicians. Little is known, however, about how this distinction is construed by ordinary citizens. Deploying the concept of retrogressive mobilisation, this study examines how cases of (potential) political hate speech – one targeting racialised minorities, the other the LGBTQ+ community – are interpreted and negotiated by ordinary citizens through their comments on online news in Finland. Deploying a critical discursive psychological approach, we analyse the vernacular meanings that ordinary citizens attach to the notions of political hate speech, thereby highlighting the dynamic relationship between political and everyday discourse. We evidence three discursive constructions of the relationship between freedom of expression and (potential) hate speech. In these constructions, the same rhetorical resources, especially the liberal arguments of equality and freedom of expression, were deployed to service the opposite discursive functions – that is, for both ‘liberal’ and ‘illiberal’ ends – to condemn and justify discrimination against minoritised groups. Our study contributes to the social psychological understanding of contemporary hate speech and builds a bridge between social psychology and the more recent field of anti-gender research.

在欧洲内外日益两极化的公共辩论中,表达自由与仇恨言论之间的区别越来越模糊,这促使人们对仇恨言论进行研究,尤其是关注右翼民粹主义政治家。然而,人们对普通公民如何理解这种区别却知之甚少。本研究运用 "倒退动员 "这一概念,探讨了芬兰普通公民如何通过对网络新闻的评论来解释和协商(潜在的)政治仇恨言论案例--一个针对种族少数群体,另一个针对 LGBTQ+ 群体。我们采用批判性话语心理学方法,分析了普通公民对政治仇恨言论概念所赋予的方言含义,从而强调了政治话语与日常话语之间的动态关系。我们证明了表达自由与(潜在)仇恨言论之间关系的三种话语建构。在这些建构中,同样的修辞资源,尤其是平等和言论自由的自由主义论点,被用来服务于相反的话语功能--即为了 "自由主义 "和 "非自由主义 "的目的--谴责对少数群体的歧视并为其辩护。我们的研究有助于社会心理学对当代仇恨言论的理解,并在社会心理学与较新的反性别研究领域之间架起了一座桥梁。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional acknowledgement of the chosen trauma in the background of its denial: A field experiment across conflicting groups 在否认所选择的创伤的背景下,机构对创伤的承认:跨冲突群体的实地实验
IF 2.8 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3050
Luca Andrighetto, Samer Halabi, Ankica Kosic, Nebojša Petrović, Nedim Prelić, Chiara Pecini, Arie Nadler

Reconciliation research revealed that the institutional acknowledgement of the group's sufferings does not always improve fractured intergroup relations. To get a better understanding of this issue, through a field experiment we explored whether its effectiveness could be dependent on the collective background against which it is provided. That is, we involved citizens (N = 975) from societies entrapped in recent or ongoing conflicts (i.e., Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Palestinian, Israel) and examined the effects of the institutional acknowledgement of a chosen trauma when its denial by the majority (vs. minority) of outgroup members was made salient. Results revealed that the salience of the acknowledgement was effective in increasing the trust towards outgroup representatives. Instead, such an acknowledgement was ineffective in improving people's willingness to reconcile and hope for change, which was mainly dependent on the levels of denial by outgroup members. However, for these latter variables, relevant differences emerged depending on the conflictual versus post-conflictual context. Implications of our findings for intergroup reconciliation are discussed.

和解研究表明,从制度上承认群体的痛苦并不总能改善破裂的群体间关系。为了更好地理解这一问题,我们通过实地实验探讨了和解的有效性是否取决于提供和解的集体背景。也就是说,我们让来自最近或正在发生冲突的社会(如波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、塞尔维亚、巴勒斯坦、以色列)的公民(N = 975)参与实验,并考察了当大多数(与少数)外群体成员否认某一创伤时,机构承认该创伤的效果。研究结果表明,承认创伤的显著性能有效增加对外部群体代表的信任。相反,这种承认并不能有效地提高人们和解的意愿和改变的希望,这主要取决于外群体成员的否认程度。然而,对于后一种变量,冲突中与冲突后的情况会出现相关的差异。本文讨论了我们的研究结果对群体间和解的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The relationships between affect dimensions and level of construal 情感维度与构思水平之间的关系
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3046
Dorit Efrat-Treister, Shaul Oreg, Yaniv Dover

The relationship between affect and cognition is a central topic of interest in psychology. In this study, we focus on the relationship of affect valence and activation with construal level. Existing findings are inconsistent. We propose that these inconsistencies may result from the interdependency of affect valence and activation and propose that valence and activation interact in predicting construal level. Specifically, we propose that, overall, valence has a positive effect on construal level, and that activation accentuates the effect of valence. We test our predictions through a text analysis of event descriptions in four data sets: TripAdvisor hotel reviews (N = 330,853); Yelp restaurant reviews (N = 648,974); Amazon Digital Music reviews (N = 1,518,409); and Twitter Negative Emotions database (N = 8,756). Results confirm the predicted V-shaped relationship between valence and activation, and the moderating effect of activation on the relationship between valence and construal level. We discuss these findings and the inconsistencies across studies.

情感与认知之间的关系是心理学关注的核心话题。在本研究中,我们将重点关注情感价位和激活与构想水平之间的关系。现有的研究结果并不一致。我们认为,这些不一致可能是由于情感价位和激活的相互依存性造成的,并提出价位和激活在预测构想水平时是相互作用的。具体来说,我们认为,总体而言,情感价位对构想水平有积极影响,而激活则会加强情感价位的影响。我们通过对四个数据集中的事件描述进行文本分析来验证我们的预测:TripAdvisor 酒店评论(N = 330,853 条);Yelp 餐厅评论(N = 648,974 条);亚马逊数字音乐评论(N = 1,518,409 条);以及 Twitter 负面情绪数据库(N = 8,756 条)。结果证实了所预测的情绪和激活之间的 V 型关系,以及激活对情绪和构想水平之间关系的调节作用。我们将讨论这些发现以及不同研究之间的不一致性。
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引用次数: 0
A fair share: Effects of disparity, allocation strategy and system justification on perceptions of policy support in the education domain 公平分享:差距、分配策略和系统理由对教育领域政策支持认知的影响
IF 3.9 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3040
David Igliozzi, Yael Granot, Victor Ottati

Utilizing experimental methods across a pilot and two studies, we explore and contrast the relationship between system-justifying attitudes and fairness perceptions of and support for redistributive policies based on theoretical accounts of distributive justice, highlighting three allocation strategies: equality, equity and need. We began our investigation with a test across multiple policy domains (e.g., health care, education, employment) to examine broad associations between system justification and policy support. Then, we chose one specific domain – education – to narrow our focus on and designed two experimental studies to test more complex models of the interaction between system justification and the type of distributive justice on support and fairness perceptions. Results indicate that as system-justifying attitudes increase, so does the level of support and perception of fairness of policies based on equality or equity. Conversely, there is no relationship between system justification and support or fairness when considering a need-based policy in the education domain.

我们在一项试点研究和两项研究中采用实验方法,基于分配正义的理论观点,探讨并对比了制度合理性态度与对再分配政策的公平性认知和支持之间的关系,并强调了三种分配策略:平等、公平和需求。我们首先对多个政策领域(如医疗保健、教育、就业)进行了测试,以考察制度合理性与政策支持之间的广泛联系。然后,我们选择了一个特定的领域--教育--来缩小我们的关注范围,并设计了两项实验研究,以测试系统合理性与分配公正类型之间的相互作用对支持和公平感知的更复杂模型。结果表明,随着制度合理性态度的增强,对基于平等或公平的政策的支持程度和公平感知也会增强。相反,在考虑教育领域基于需求的政策时,制度合理性与支持度或公平性之间没有关系。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Social Psychology
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