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Institutional work after hype: The case of biogas in Germany 炒作之后的机构工作:德国沼气案例
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103820
Hyunjin Park , Philipp Grundmann
How do niche actors navigate after “hype” is gone? A better understanding of the motivations and actions of technology advocates during a disillusionment phase can inform policymakers in dealing with technology and advocates facing negative expectations. Building on the conceptual notion of institutional work, we explain how biogas interest groups in Germany attempted to influence institutions when positive expectations about the technology were overwhelmed by negative ones. We shed light on their efforts to influence the Renewable Energy Act, which has provided state support for biogas generation for electricity supply, and their discursive justifications. Our analysis reveals that the interest groups predominantly drew on maintaining and creating work with the goal of protecting government support for biogas while accepting and introducing incremental changes towards enhanced economic and environmental sustainability. The narratives employed by the biogas actors addressed a broader range of stakeholders over time. Furthermore, we show that their institutional work practices were influenced by macro-level conditions, as well as by the resources and skills within the sector and actors. We identified instances of interaction between maintaining and creating work: creating work demonstrated the positive potential of technology, justified the continuation of support and helped adapt the support system to enhanced sustainability. Our work contributes to a nuanced understanding of agency in sociotechnical transitions by highlighting actors who do not engage in the typical activities of niche or incumbent actors.
在 "炒作 "效应消失后,利基参与者如何应对?更好地理解技术倡导者在幻想破灭阶段的动机和行动,可以为政策制定者在处理技术和倡导者面临负面期望时提供参考。基于 "机构工作 "这一概念,我们解释了德国的沼气利益集团如何在对该技术的积极期望被消极期望所淹没时试图影响机构。我们揭示了他们为影响《可再生能源法》(该法为沼气发电供电提供了国家支持)所做的努力及其话语理由。我们的分析表明,利益集团主要致力于维护和创造工作,目标是保护政府对沼气的支持,同时接受和引入渐进式变革,以提高经济和环境的可持续性。随着时间的推移,沼气参与者所使用的叙述方式涉及到了更广泛的利益相关者。此外,我们还表明,他们的机构工作实践受到宏观条件以及部门和参与者内部资源和技能的影响。我们发现了维持工作和创造工作之间的互动实例:创造工作展示了技术的积极潜力,证明了继续提供支持的合理性,并有助于调整支持系统以增强可持续性。我们的工作通过强调那些不从事利基或现有行动者典型活动的行动者,促进了对社会技术转型中的代理的细致理解。
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引用次数: 0
Who is the ‘public’ when it comes to public opinion on energy? A mixed-methods study of revealed and elicited public attitudes to shale gas extraction 在能源问题上,谁是 "公众"?关于公众对页岩气开采态度的揭示和诱导的混合方法研究
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103840
Lorraine Whitmarsh , Yu Shuang Gan , Patrick Devine-Wright , Darrick Evensen , Jen Dickie , Irena Connon , Adam Varley , Stacia Ryder , Phil Bartie
Shale gas is a contentious energy source. Yet, ‘imagined’ notions of the public (for example, NIMBYs) rarely reflect the reality of public opinion. We use an inductive, empirical approach to define UK publics in relation to shale gas extraction, drawing on multiple data sources (social media, a national survey, and two local surveys) and composite measures. Cluster analyses and thematic coding reveal a diversity of responses ranging from active opposition, through ambivalence, to active support. The number of communities varies by data source and analytical method, but across all datasets we see more opposition than support. Across all datasets, political views were an important lens through which shale gas was understood. Our findings have implications for how developers and policy-makers engage with the public, and expose limitations of pre-defined notions of the public that may not reflect empirical realities.
页岩气是一种有争议的能源。然而,"想象中的 "公众概念(例如,NIMBYs)很少能反映公众舆论的现实。我们采用归纳、实证的方法,利用多种数据来源(社交媒体、一项全国性调查和两项地方性调查)和综合衡量标准来界定与页岩气开采相关的英国公众。聚类分析和主题编码揭示了从积极反对到矛盾再到积极支持的各种反应。不同数据源和分析方法的社区数量各不相同,但在所有数据集中,我们发现反对的多于支持的。在所有数据集中,政治观点是理解页岩气的一个重要视角。我们的研究结果对开发商和政策制定者如何与公众打交道产生了影响,并揭示了预先定义的公众概念的局限性,这些概念可能无法反映经验现实。
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引用次数: 0
Livelihood and household clean cooking challenges in rural India: A community-based participatory approach for solutions 印度农村地区的生计和家庭清洁烹饪挑战:基于社区的参与式解决方案
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103846
Kelechukwu Kelvin Ibe , Shiva Prasad Kollur
Clean cooking in rural India faces bottlenecks impeding the attainment of sustainable development goal 7 despite various government interventions to propagate clean cooking. This hindrance often has a direct variation with the livelihood challenges of the people alongside some other factors. Following this, a participatory research approach was employed to identify the challenges, the interlinkages with livelihood and the sustainable solutions to improve livelihood through clean cooking solutions. In this work, the study was focused on a rural village of Guptapada, Khordha District of Odisha state in India. Challenges revealed from the study include the ineffectiveness of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) and other government schemes, low awareness, lack of access to capital and the need for entrepreneurial skill and capacity development. Based on these, potential sustainable solutions were highlighted to improve livelihood in the village by developing clean cooking interventions. It also redirects governments, agencies and institutions working on developmental projects in rural communities to leverage the opportunity provided by clean cooking to improve the livelihood of the rural dwellers, ensuring sustainability through a participatory research approach.
尽管政府为推广清洁烹饪采取了各种干预措施,但印度农村地区的清洁烹饪仍面临瓶颈,阻碍了可持续发展目标 7 的实现。这种障碍往往与人们的生计挑战以及其他一些因素直接相关。因此,我们采用了参与式研究方法来确定这些挑战、与生计的相互联系以及通过清洁烹饪改善生计的可持续解决方案。在这项工作中,研究的重点是印度奥迪沙邦霍尔达区古普塔帕达的一个农村。研究揭示的挑战包括:Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana(PMUY)和其他政府计划效果不佳、认知度低、缺乏获得资本的途径以及对创业技能和能力发展的需求。在此基础上,突出了潜在的可持续解决方案,通过开发清洁烹饪干预措施来改善村庄的生计。它还重新引导在农村社区开展发展项目的政府、机构和组织利用清洁烹饪提供的机会改善农村居民的生活,并通过参与式研究方法确保可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Feeding the zombie plant: The struggle over biomass in the United States 喂养僵尸植物:美国的生物质争夺战
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103816
Irina Costache , Regine A. Spector
In early 2008, limited liability corporation Palmer Renewable Energy submitted a proposal to the state of Massachusetts to build a new biomass power plant in Springfield, an environmental justice community where many residents identify as low-income and people of color. This article elucidates the complex and intertwining legal, political, and policy avenues that corporations use to advance their interests under the guise of promoting renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. As this case demonstrates, the fate of public health and environmental protection lies in often ambiguous and contested definitions of what is renewable, what counts as an incinerator, and who has standing and prosecutorial discretion. Based on interviews with key activists, lawyers, and officials, combined with readings of articles, reports, and lawsuits, we uncover the mechanisms through which this company sought to advance corporate profit interests amidst increasing pressure from state and regional climate initiatives aiming to accelerate decarbonization of electric generation.
2008 年初,有限责任公司帕尔默可再生能源公司向马萨诸塞州政府提交了一份提案,计划在斯普林菲尔德新建一座生物质发电厂,斯普林菲尔德是一个环境正义社区,许多居民被认定为低收入者和有色人种。这篇文章阐明了企业打着推广可再生能源和减少碳排放的幌子,利用复杂交织的法律、政治和政策途径来促进自身利益。正如该案例所表明的,公共健康和环境保护的命运往往取决于对什么是可再生能源、什么算作焚化炉以及谁有资格和起诉裁量权等定义的模糊性和争议性。基于对主要活动家、律师和官员的访谈,结合对文章、报告和诉讼的解读,我们揭示了这家公司在来自州和地区气候倡议的日益增长的压力下寻求推进企业利润利益的机制,这些倡议旨在加速发电的去碳化。
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引用次数: 0
Interrelations between security and the zero‑carbon energy transition in the Finnish and Norwegian Arctic 芬兰和挪威北极地区安全与零碳能源转型之间的相互关系
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103841
Marja Helena Sivonen , Paula Kivimaa
The Arctic faces major energy-related changes: its production, consumption and transportation must be decarbonised. Furthermore, geopolitical interests in the area are growing, with tensions around land use expected to increase. In this paper, we investigate energy transition processes in the Finnish and Norwegian Arctic from the niche development and regime decline viewpoints. We mirror these processes onto concepts of positive and negative security to analyse the security environment affecting the transitions. We hypothesise that notions of security can explain delays in transitions. We analysed recent Finnish and Norwegian Arctic strategies and expert interviews to examine how energy transitions are discussed in the security context. Although energy and defence policies are national rather than regional, the analysis revealed interesting Arctic-wide issues. While strategies mainly concentrated on justifying support for fossil fuel production for socio-economic and national security purposes, the interviewees discussed more nuanced approaches to developing the energy transition. Notions of justice during the transition received attention in both countries in relation to security, with the local population gaining a deeper sense of responsibility for the areas they inhabit. We call for positive security to support sustainable energy transitions, where uncertainty and responses to changes are dynamic and based on multi-actor processes.
北极地区面临着与能源有关的重大变化:其生产、消费和运输必须去碳化。此外,该地区的地缘政治利益也在不断增长,预计围绕土地使用的紧张局势将加剧。在本文中,我们从利基发展和制度衰退的角度研究了芬兰和挪威北极地区的能源转型过程。我们将这些过程映射到积极和消极安全的概念上,以分析影响过渡的安全环境。我们假设,安全概念可以解释转型的延迟。我们分析了芬兰和挪威最近的北极战略和专家访谈,以研究如何在安全背景下讨论能源转型。尽管能源和国防政策是国家政策而非地区政策,但分析揭示了有趣的全北极问题。虽然战略主要集中在为支持化石燃料生产的社会经济和国家安全目的进行论证,但受访者讨论了发展能源转型的更细微的方法。在这两个国家中,过渡时期的正义概念都受到了与安全相关的关注,当地居民对自己居住的地区有了更深的责任感。我们呼吁提供积极的安全保障,以支持可持续的能源转型,在这种转型中,不确定性和对变化的反应是动态的,并以多行为体进程为基础。
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引用次数: 0
Energy communities, distributed generation, renewable sources: Close relatives or potential friends? 能源社区、分布式发电、可再生能源:近亲还是潜在朋友?
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103828
Stefano Moroni
The issue of “energy communities” is increasingly central to public and academic debate. However, the current discourse on energy communities often mixes three different aspects in an unclear manner. The first aspect is the type of energy source: that is, fossil or renewable. The second aspect is the general configuration of energy production: centralised or distributed. The third aspect is the type of prosumers: individuals or communities. These three aspects are not directly related (they concern three different issues), although they may be compatible. This article critically considers these three aspects and the distinctive advantages of the second item in the three pairs: renewable sources; distributed energy production; communities as prosumers. The intention is not merely to provide an overview of the state of the art; it is also to suggest a critical reframing of the discourse. The overall aim is not solely to distinguish different aspects (and advantages); it is also to clarify the real scope and meaning of each of them. Since the three aspects considered (renewables, distributed generation, energy communities) are distinct and conceptually independent from each other, various possible arrangements (i.e., combinations) can be imagined. The article critically considers these various possible combinations and discusses precautions and caveats in terms of policies that should be taken into account in this regard.
能源社区 "问题日益成为公众和学术讨论的核心。然而,目前关于能源社区的讨论往往将三个不同的方面混为一谈。第一个方面是能源类型:即化石能源还是可再生能源。第二个方面是能源生产的总体结构:集中式还是分布式。第三个方面是消费者的类型:个人还是社区。这三个方面没有直接联系(它们涉及三个不同的问题),尽管它们可能相互兼容。本文对这三个方面进行了批判性思考,并探讨了可再生能源、分布式能源生产、社区作为消费者这三者中第二项的独特优势。本文的目的不仅仅是概述目前的技术发展状况,还希望对相关论述提出批判性的重构建议。总体目标不仅仅是区分不同的方面(和优势),还要澄清每个方面的真正范围和含义。由于所考虑的三个方面(可再生能源、分布式发电、能源社区)是不同的,在概念上相互独立,因此可以想象出各种可能的安排(即组合)。文章批判性地考虑了这些可能的组合,并讨论了在这方面应考虑的政策方面的预防措施和注意事项。
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引用次数: 0
Energy inefficiency as a ‘poverty premium’ 作为 "贫困溢价 "的能源效率低下
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103824
Jamie Evans , Caitlin Robinson , Sara Davies
This paper presents the concept of energy inefficiency as a poverty premium. Whilst concepts of energy poverty, vulnerability, and justice have highlighted the uneven distribution and impacts of a lack of access to sufficient energy services, they do not fully capture how people who are already financially disadvantaged pay more as a result of energy inefficiency. We therefore draw on the well-established idea of the “poverty premium” – which has achieved significant political resonance in other policy areas – to highlight how the condition of energy inefficiency can cause people who are financially and materially disadvantaged by poverty to pay a range of premiums. We identify several mechanisms via which these premiums arise: tenure; affordability; finance; investment; behaviour; and policy. Whilst we focus on detailed examples from England (United Kingdom), we also show how energy inefficiency-related poverty premiums are widely applicable across diverse contexts. We argue that the concept is accessible to a wide range of stakeholders, directly addressing key sites of unfairness and injustice in domestic energy efficiency.
本文提出了能源效率低下作为贫困溢价的概念。虽然能源贫困、脆弱性和公正的概念已经强调了缺乏足够能源服务的不均衡分布和影响,但它们并没有完全反映出经济上已经处于不利地位的人们如何因能源效率低下而付出更多。因此,我们借鉴了 "贫困溢价 "这一已经在其他政策领域引起重大政治反响的成熟理念,来强调能源效率低下是如何导致因贫困而在经济上和物质上处于不利地位的人们支付一系列溢价的。我们确定了产生这些溢价的几种机制:保有权、可负担性、资金、投资、行为和政策。我们将重点放在英格兰(英国)的详细例子上,同时我们也展示了与能源效率低下相关的贫困溢价是如何广泛适用于各种情况的。我们认为,这一概念可以为广泛的利益相关者所接受,直接解决家庭能源效率中不公平和不公正的关键问题。
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引用次数: 0
Connected, complex, and carbonized: The country archetypes of the petrochemicals sector 关联、复杂和碳化:石化行业的国家原型
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103826
Ella T. Jennings , Penny J. Hamlin , Chris Hamlin , Jonathan M. Cullen
The petrochemicals sector is known to be “hard-to-decarbonise” due to its innate requirement for fossil fuels for feedstocks, high greenhouse gas emissions, and highly interconnected and complex supply chains. The sector's complexity makes it difficult to decipher how, when, and where to intervene. Every country has a different level of embroilment in the petrochemicals sector, further complicating the solution space, with no one-fits-all policy recommendation. This research examines the structure of the petrochemicals sector to categorize countries into groups which will respond similarly to different decarbonization solutions. The Country Archetypes of the Petrochemicals Sector (CAP) model categorizes 152 countries within a three-dimensional grid, with eight archetypes established at the corners. The characteristics of each archetype, and their implications for decarbonization strategies are discussed. The CAP model can facilitate region-specific recommendations for decarbonization options and investments to have the most success in reducing Greenhouse Gas emissions.
众所周知,石化行业是 "难以去碳化 "的行业,因为它天生需要化石燃料作为原料,温室气体排放量高,供应链高度关联且复杂。该行业的复杂性使其难以确定如何、何时以及在何处进行干预。每个国家卷入石化行业的程度不尽相同,这使得解决方案的空间更加复杂,没有放之四海而皆准的政策建议。本研究通过考察石化行业的结构,将各国划分为不同组别,这些组别将对不同的脱碳解决方案做出类似的反应。石化行业国家原型 (CAP) 模型在一个三维网格中对 152 个国家进行了分类,并在网格四角建立了八个原型。讨论了每个原型的特点及其对脱碳战略的影响。CAP 模型有助于针对具体地区提出脱碳方案和投资建议,从而最成功地减少温室气体排放。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding public acceptance amidst controversy and ignorance: The case of industrial Carbon Capture and Storage in Germany 在争议和无知中了解公众的接受程度:德国工业碳捕集与封存案例
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103838
Felix Große-Kreul , Laura Altstadt , Aileen Reichmann , Nora Weber , Katja Witte
Carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS) are being discussed and tested in different countries to reduce industrial emissions. Public opinion about industrial CCS (iCCS) can be a key factor in whether it will be implemented. Yet, measuring public acceptance of CCS is a challenge: on the one hand, the use of CCS is the subject of intense and controversial political debate. On the other hand, a majority of people is still not aware of it. Thus, prior research has used informed choice questionnaires or experimental study designs to measure ad-hoc informed or spontaneous opinions. In this paper, we propose a new approach to measure public opinion, including only respondents with stated prior knowledge about iCCS. Based on a quantitative survey in Germany (n = 1845), three questions are examined: do the results support our new approach to measure public opinion about iCCS? To what extent is there acceptance of iCCS and what factors influence acceptance in Germany? And what are implications for both the national political level and for the local deployment of iCCS? Results from the regression analysis show that five attitudes influence the general acceptance of iCCS in Germany: perceived local risks of climate change, advantages outweigh disadvantages, arguments about unavoidable emissions and about iCCS as a bridge technology, and the acceptance of local storage. Furthermore, descriptive results show high levels of associated risks with the transportation of CO2 and lacking trust in relevant stakeholders for iCCS deployment (industry and energy utilities).
各国正在讨论和测试碳捕集与封存技术(CCS),以减少工业排放。公众对工业碳捕集与封存技术(iCCS)的看法是决定该技术是否会被实施的关键因素。然而,衡量公众对 CCS 的接受程度是一项挑战:一方面,CCS 的使用是激烈和有争议的政治辩论的主题。另一方面,大多数人仍然不了解它。因此,以往的研究都是使用知情选择问卷或实验研究设计来测量临时知情或自发的意见。在本文中,我们提出了一种测量公众意见的新方法,只包括事先声明了解 iCCS 的受访者。基于在德国进行的一项定量调查(n = 1845),我们探讨了三个问题:调查结果是否支持我们衡量公众对 iCCS 意见的新方法?德国对 iCCS 的接受程度以及影响接受程度的因素有哪些?对国家政治层面和地方部署 iCCS 有何影响?回归分析的结果表明,有五种态度影响着德国对 iCCS 的普遍接受程度:认为当地存在气候变化风险、利大于弊、关于不可避免的排放和 iCCS 作为桥梁技术的论点,以及对当地储存的接受程度。此外,描述性结果表明,二氧化碳运输的相关风险水平较高,iCCS 部署的相关利益方(工业和能源公用事业)缺乏信任。
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引用次数: 0
Energy subsidies versus cash transfers: the causal effect of misperceptions on public support for countermeasures during the energy crisis 能源补贴与现金转移:能源危机期间误解对公众支持对策的因果效应
IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103836
Mathilde Mus, Sophie de Rouilhan, Coralie Chevallier , Hugo Mercier
In reaction to the energy crisis that has unfolded since 2021, governments have implemented countermeasures to protect citizens against energy price hikes. In this article, we study public support for four government countermeasures in the United Kingdom and in France (Ntotal = 4600): energy subsidies and cash transfers, both either universal or targeted towards vulnerable households. In Study 1, we find that citizens prefer energy subsidies to cash transfers, and especially universal energy subsidies, despite their negative social and environmental impacts. In Study 2, we show that this preference for universal energy subsidies is partly due to widespread misperceptions about the cost, social impact, and environmental impact of this policy. Correcting these misperceptions lowers support for universal energy subsidies in the UK and increases relative mean support for the three other policies in France. In Study 3, we show that citizens also misperceive the effectiveness of targeted cash transfers, a policy that is socially fairer and more environmentally friendly than universal subsidies. Correcting this misperception increases support for targeted cash transfers in the UK but not in France.
为应对 2021 年以来爆发的能源危机,各国政府纷纷采取应对措施,保护公民免受能源价格上涨的影响。在本文中,我们研究了英国和法国(总人数 = 4600)公众对四种政府应对措施的支持情况:能源补贴和现金转移,这两种措施都具有普遍性或针对弱势家庭。在 "研究 1 "中,我们发现尽管能源补贴会对社会和环境造成负面影响,但与现金转移相比,公民更倾向于能源补贴,尤其是全民能源补贴。在研究 2 中,我们表明,公民之所以倾向于普遍能源补贴,部分原因在于他们对这一政策的成本、社会影响和环境影响普遍存在误解。纠正这些误解会降低英国对全民能源补贴的支持率,提高法国对其他三项政策的相对平均支持率。在 "研究 3 "中,我们发现公民对定向现金转移的有效性也存在误解,而这一政策在社会公平性和环境友好性方面都优于全民补贴。在英国,纠正这种误解会提高定向现金转移的支持率,但在法国却不会。
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引用次数: 0
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