Energy Research & Social Science最新文献_第5页

From pilot to reform: Institutional change through distributed solar experimentation in China 从试点到改革：中国分布式太阳能试验的制度变迁

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104493

Zhuohan Xie, Dan van der Horst, Matthew Lane

Policy experimentation has become a crucial tool for advancing energy transitions, particularly within complex and uncertain governance contexts. While prior research has examined how experiments support innovation and change, the institutional dynamics underpinning experimental processes remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the county-wide distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) pilot programme in Henan Province, China. Using document analysis and interviews with 36 stakeholders conducted across multiple rounds over a three-year period (2021–2024). We integrate experimental governance with Williamson's four-level institutional hierarchy and derive a four-stage pathway, including institutional tension, actor reconfiguration, institutional embedding, horizontal diffusion. In Henan, initial alignment on decarbonisation enabled rapid rollout, but A1–A2/L1–L2 norms and rules misaligned with L3 governance and L4 transactions, generating frictions around grid access, tariffs and coordination. Pilot bargaining (B → B2) and operational bottlenecks (B1 → B2) precipitated provincial reforms to time-of-use pricing, over-the-fence trading, and ancillary-service obligations. Subsequent embedding (B2 → D) consolidated a grid–government alliance (D → B) and reordered market roles (weakened local SOEs; selective re-entry of private firms). Diffusion remained largely horizontal at L3/L4, with limited L2 harmonisation. The paper contributes a contextual analytical framework that interprets experimentation as an embedded mechanism of gradual institutional change in hybrid governance systems, while acknowledging distributional trade-offs and boundary conditions for generalisation.

政策实验已成为推进能源转型的关键工具，特别是在复杂和不确定的治理环境下。虽然先前的研究已经研究了实验如何支持创新和变革，但支撑实验过程的制度动力仍未得到充分探索。本研究通过调查中国河南省全县分布式太阳能光伏（PV）试点项目来解决这一差距。在三年（2021-2024年）期间，通过对36名利益相关者进行多轮文件分析和访谈。我们将实验治理与威廉姆森的四级制度层次理论相结合，推导出制度张力、行动者重构、制度嵌入、水平扩散的四阶段路径。在河南，脱碳的初步一致性使其得以快速推广，但A1-A2 / L1-L2规范和规则与L3治理和L4交易不一致，在电网接入、关税和协调方面产生了摩擦。试点议价（B→B2）和运营瓶颈（B1→B2）促成了各省对分时电价、围栏交易和辅助服务义务的改革。随后的嵌入（B2→D）巩固了网格政府联盟（D→B）并重新排序了市场角色（削弱地方国有企业；私营企业选择性重新进入）。L3/L4的扩散基本上是水平的，L2协调有限。本文提供了一个背景分析框架，将实验解释为混合治理系统中渐进制度变革的嵌入机制，同时承认普遍化的分配权衡和边界条件。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond geopolitics: Social license and supply chain risks of critical minerals 超越地缘政治：关键矿产的社会许可和供应链风险

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104490

Clement Sefa-Nyarko

This paper interrogates the concept of criticality in critical minerals, particularly as it pertains to the global supply chains essential for renewable energy and clean technologies. It begins by questioning whose interests define mineral criticality, noting that dominant perspectives (i.e., industry, state, and geopolitics) often marginalize sub-national concerns. A fourth dimension, the role of communities and the presence or absence of social license to operate, is widely studied in mining literature but rarely integrated into criticality assessments. Drawing on qualitative data and a case study of Ghana's emerging lithium sector, the paper reframes criticality to include sub-national social dynamics and offers a critical reflection on how social license functions as a risk factor in critical minerals governance. The findings reveal that delays in legal processes, exclusion from decision-making, and inadequate compensation disrupt livelihoods and heighten tensions in lithium-rich communities. These dynamics elevate the risk of social conflict, which in turn increases the cost of conflict for both state and companies. The paper argues that effective risk governance must embed principles of Free, Prior and Informed Consent, equitable beneficiation, and sustained community engagement. Social license to operate is not a static condition but a dynamic process that can be withdrawn, with significant implications for project timelines, reputational risk, investor confidence, and supply chains risks. As global competition intensifies over access to strategic minerals, the governance of mining sites in the Global South becomes important for supply chain assurance. The findings underscore the importance of integrating social dimensions into global criticality frameworks.

本文探讨了关键矿物的临界概念，特别是因为它涉及可再生能源和清洁技术必不可少的全球供应链。文章首先质疑谁的利益决定了矿产的重要性，并指出主导观点（即行业、国家和地缘政治）往往将次国家的关注边缘化。第四个方面，即社区的作用和有无社会经营许可证，在采矿文献中得到了广泛研究，但很少纳入临界评估。根据定性数据和加纳新兴锂行业的案例研究，本文重新定义了关键性，以包括次国家社会动态，并对社会许可如何在关键矿产治理中作为风险因素进行了批判性反思。调查结果显示，法律程序的延误、被排除在决策之外以及赔偿不足，破坏了锂资源丰富社区的生计，加剧了紧张局势。这些动态提高了社会冲突的风险，这反过来又增加了国家和公司的冲突成本。本文认为，有效的风险治理必须包含自由、事先和知情同意、公平受益和持续的社区参与等原则。社会运营许可不是一个静态条件，而是一个可以撤销的动态过程，这对项目时间表、声誉风险、投资者信心和供应链风险都有重大影响。随着全球对战略矿产的竞争加剧，对全球南方矿区的治理对供应链保障变得重要。研究结果强调了将社会层面纳入全球关键性框架的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Unpacking energy (in)justice in Indonesia's waste-to-energy initiatives 在印尼的废物转化能源计划中，揭开能源正义的面纱

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104494

Septin Puji Astuti , Ika Feni Setiyaningrum , Komali Yenneti , Adelia Putri Rinelda , Dastra Nadiani Septianingrum

As Indonesia accelerates the adoption of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies to address its growing waste and energy challenges, concerns about the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens have intensified. This study investigates the extent to which energy justice principles are embedded in Indonesia's WtE development, using an in-depth qualitative analysis of two pioneering WtE projects: Benowo in Surabaya and Putri Cempo in Surakarta, Indonesia. An expanded framework of six justice dimensions that includes procedural, distributive, recognition, capability, restorative, and cosmopolitan justice is applied. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork, including interviews, observations, and focus group discussions, this research reveals disparities between the two facilities. The Benowo WtE demonstrates significantly stronger integration of energy justice principles, particularly in the dimensions of capability, procedural, distributive, recognition, and restorative justice. In contrast, Putri Cempo exhibits a fragmented and exclusionary approach, with its strongest alignment to energy justice found in the cosmopolitan dimension. Distributive justice remains the weakest dimension across both cases, as affected communities disproportionately bear environmental burdens with minimal compensation or inclusion. The findings highlight a gap between Indonesia's regulatory commitments and on-the-ground implementation. The study calls for governance reforms, enhanced public participation, and institutional accountability to ensure that future WtE developments contribute not only to environmental goals but also to socially just and inclusive energy transitions. The study contributes to global energy justice debates by demonstrating the value of a multidimensional framework in assessing WtE projects in the Global South.

随着印度尼西亚加快采用废物转化为能源技术以应对日益严峻的废物和能源挑战，人们对公平分配利益和负担的担忧日益加剧。本研究通过对印度尼西亚泗水的Benowo和泗水的Putri Cempo两个开创性的WtE项目进行深入的定性分析，调查了能源正义原则在印尼WtE开发中的嵌入程度。一个扩展框架的六个正义维度，包括程序，分配，承认，能力，恢复性和世界性的正义。通过定性的实地考察，包括访谈、观察和焦点小组讨论，本研究揭示了两个设施之间的差异。Benowo WtE在能力、程序、分配、认可和恢复性正义等维度上表现出更强的能源正义原则整合。相比之下，Putri Cempo表现出一种碎片化和排他性的方法，在世界范围内与能源正义保持最强烈的一致。在这两种情况下，分配正义仍然是最薄弱的方面，因为受影响的社区不成比例地承担了环境负担，却得到了最低限度的补偿或包容。调查结果凸显了印尼监管承诺与实际执行之间的差距。该研究呼吁进行治理改革，加强公众参与和机构问责制，以确保未来的WtE发展不仅有助于实现环境目标，而且有助于实现社会公正和包容性的能源转型。该研究通过展示多维框架在评估发展中国家WtE项目中的价值，为全球能源正义辩论做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Trasformismo: Advancing understandings of the relationship between stability and change in transitions 转型主义：推进对转型过程中稳定与变化之间关系的理解

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104467

Joachim Peter Tilsted , Peter Newell , Oliver Bugge Hunt

Transitions research explores the dimensions and loci of stability and change. In theorising the interrelation between the two, the neo-Gramscian notion of trasformismo stipulates how they can be co-constitutive of one another. Trasformismo denotes the ability to accommodate pressures to ensure that socio-technical reconfigurations do not disrupt prevailing social relations and distributions of political power. In this way, the concept describes a process of stability through change or change in the pursuit of stability: of re-ordering incumbent power to manage and contain destabilising forces. In this perspective, we introduce a dynamic understanding of trasformismo, highlighting the relevance of the analytical questions it raises for analysis of both socio-technical reconfigurations and broader politico-economic transformations. With this, we seek to inform debates on stability and change in transitions, directing attention to the questions of what is (de)stabilised, how, by whom, and for what purpose.

过渡研究探索稳定和变化的维度和位置。在理论化两者之间的相互关系时，新葛兰西的转化主义概念规定了它们如何能够彼此共同构成。转型主义指的是适应压力的能力，以确保社会技术的重新配置不会破坏现行的社会关系和政治权力的分配。这样，这一概念描述了一个通过变革实现稳定的过程，或者是在追求稳定的过程中实现稳定的过程：重新安排现有权力，以管理和遏制不稳定力量。从这个角度来看，我们介绍了对转型主义的动态理解，强调了它为分析社会技术重构和更广泛的政治经济转型而提出的分析问题的相关性。通过这一点，我们试图为关于过渡时期的稳定和变化的辩论提供信息，将注意力引导到什么是（不）稳定的问题，如何，由谁以及为了什么目的。

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen for cooking: Mapping multi-level transition outcomes and preemptive policy pathways through stakeholder engagement in Zambia 氢烹饪：绘制多层次的过渡成果和先发制人的政策路径，通过利益相关者参与在赞比亚

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104484

M.D. Mukelabai , R.E. Blanchard

Clean cooking transitions are context specific due to the challenges and opportunities they present in shifting from traditional biomass and fossil fuels. This study explored hydrogen for cooking in Zambia to understand how stakeholders judge its benefits and risks (n = 14 organisations). A systems-thinking lens was applied to theorize and map interdependencies across social, economic, and technical benefits. Qualitative insights were combined with a transparent scoring approach and non-parametric bootstrapping to show uncertainty around rankings. The findings revealed that stakeholders view hydrogen cooking as a catalyst for socio-economic progress and environmental gains. They also flag major hurdles: livelihood disruption during transition, affordability, cultural acceptance, infrastructure readiness, and fragmented policies. These findings point to early, targeted interventions that anticipate and mitigate potential externalities. Priorities include alternative income support where livelihoods may shift, community engagement to build acceptance, technical training to reduce reliance on external expertise, and supply chain development to ensure reliability. Across options, respondents give more weight to social benefits than to purely technical or economic performance of energy systems. A multi-criteria decision-making approach, informed by stakeholder-derived weights highlights where preferences converge at small scale and diverge at larger scale. The study contributes a context-sensitive approach that integrates stakeholder analysis with systems thinking. It foregrounds interdependencies, explicitly accommodates uncertainty, and places communities at the centre of clean-cooking strategies, offering guidance for implementation in similar settings.

由于从传统生物质和化石燃料转向清洁烹饪所带来的挑战和机遇，因此转型是具体情况的。本研究探索了赞比亚用于烹饪的氢，以了解利益相关者如何判断其收益和风险（n = 14个组织）。系统思维的视角被应用于理论化和映射社会、经济和技术利益之间的相互依赖关系。定性的见解与透明的评分方法和非参数引导相结合，以显示排名的不确定性。调查结果显示，利益相关者将氢烹饪视为社会经济进步和环境收益的催化剂。他们还指出了主要障碍：转型期间生计中断、负担能力、文化接受度、基础设施准备就绪以及政策分散。这些发现表明，早期有针对性的干预措施可以预测和减轻潜在的外部性。优先事项包括生计可能发生变化的替代收入支持、社区参与以建立接受度、技术培训以减少对外部专业知识的依赖，以及发展供应链以确保可靠性。在所有选项中，受访者更重视能源系统的社会效益，而不是纯粹的技术或经济性能。基于利益相关者衍生权重的多标准决策方法强调了偏好在小范围内趋同而在大范围内偏离的地方。该研究提供了一种将利益相关者分析与系统思维相结合的上下文敏感方法。它强调相互依赖，明确适应不确定性，并将社区置于清洁烹饪战略的中心，为类似环境中的实施提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Designing fair and politically viable transport transitions: A framework for transition assistance policies in higher-income countries 设计公平和政治上可行的交通转型：高收入国家转型援助政策框架

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104470

Aaron Maltais , Claudia Strambo , Jindan Gong

Decarbonising the transport sector is essential for meeting climate targets, but the policies required can disproportionately burden vulnerable groups and trigger political resistance. This paper develops a practical framework to help policymakers design Transition Assistance Policies (TAPs) that both promote fairness and enhance public support for low-carbon transport transitions. The framework is based on an integrative literature review across three key domains: (1) empirical studies on socio-economic vulnerability to transport decarbonisation, (2) normative theories of transport and climate justice, and (3) research on public perceptions of policy fairness and acceptability. By combining these perspectives, the paper identifies four categories of TAPs and illustrates each with context-sensitive policy examples. The framework provides actionable guidance for aligning climate ambition with equity and political feasibility in transport policy.

运输部门脱碳对于实现气候目标至关重要，但所需的政策可能会给弱势群体带来不成比例的负担，并引发政治阻力。本文开发了一个实用框架，以帮助决策者设计既促进公平又加强公众对低碳交通转型支持的转型援助政策（TAPs）。该框架基于三个关键领域的综合文献综述：(1)交通脱碳对社会经济脆弱性的实证研究，(2)交通和气候正义的规范理论，以及(3)公众对政策公平性和可接受性的看法的研究。通过结合这些观点，本文确定了四类tap，并用上下文敏感的策略示例说明了每一类tap。该框架为使气候目标与交通政策的公平性和政治可行性相一致提供了可操作的指导。

引用次数: 0

Misty sunrise: The institutional logics of solar energy entrepreneurial ecosystems in Togo and Burkina Faso 朦胧的日出：多哥和布基纳法索太阳能创业生态系统的制度逻辑

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104479

Roberto Cantoni , Alex Alterskye , Alfonso Hernandez-Vivanco , Ramon Xifré , Marco Calero

This article explores the influence of institutional logics (ILs) within entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) on entrepreneurship in the renewable energy (RE) sector in West Africa, focusing on Togo and Burkina Faso. Given Africa's vulnerability to the consequences of climate change and the significant lack of access to electricity in sub-Saharan West Africa, the energy transition is crucial. Utilising an ILs perspective, this research investigates how the ILs linked to the RE sector shape EEs in this context, considering the institutional peculiarities of the two countries. Through a qualitative analysis of 65 semi-structured interviews conducted with entrepreneurs, energy experts, and NGO representatives, the study uncovers the dynamics at work. The findings highlight the prevalent influence of interinstitutional state and market orders in shaping the logics of RE entrepreneurship in these EEs. The study reveals enabling and limiting factors, such as government policies to support REs, local market dynamics dominated by low-cost imports, difficulties in accessing finance for small businesses, and sociocultural challenges. The article contributes to the literature on EEs by applying the perspective of ILs in an under-studied African context, providing theoretical implications for understanding ecosystem dynamics and practical and policy implications for promoting sustainable RE entrepreneurship in the region.

本文探讨了创业生态系统（EEs）内的制度逻辑（ILs）对西非可再生能源（RE）部门创业的影响，重点是多哥和布基纳法索。鉴于非洲易受气候变化后果的影响，以及撒哈拉以南西非地区严重缺乏电力供应，能源转型至关重要。考虑到两国的制度特点，本研究利用ILs的视角，探讨了在这种背景下，与可再生能源部门相关的ILs如何塑造EEs。通过对企业家、能源专家和非政府组织代表进行的65次半结构化访谈进行定性分析，该研究揭示了工作中的动态。研究结果强调了机构间国家和市场秩序在塑造这些环境中可再生能源创业逻辑方面的普遍影响。该研究揭示了促进和限制因素，如政府支持可再生能源的政策、以低成本进口产品为主的当地市场动态、小企业获得融资的困难以及社会文化挑战。本文通过在研究不足的非洲背景下应用生态环境投资的视角，为生态系统动力学的理解提供了理论意义，并为促进该地区可持续可再生能源创业提供了实践和政策意义。

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引用次数: 0

Drivers and barriers of public support for environmental policy: Insights into climate policy feasibility and efficiency 公众支持环境政策的驱动因素和障碍：气候政策可行性和效率的洞察

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104489

Neide P. Areia , Alexandre O. Tavares

In response to the escalating climate crisis, governments worldwide face challenges in implementing effective environmental policies. Strong public support is essential for ambitious climate policies to be successfully adopted and sustained. However, research indicates that public backing remains limited, potentially hindering climate action. This study explores the psychosocial factors shaping citizens' responses to climate policies to inform the design of more widely accepted policy instruments. Specifically, it examines whether value orientations, climate change perceptions, social norms, and emotions predict support for low-cost and high-cost climate policies. A survey of over 1120 individuals measured key psychological variables. Structural equation modelling and regression analyses revealed a preference for low-cost policies. Biospheric values, social norms, climate perceptions, and emotions influenced policy support, with risk perception and worry as key drivers. Political orientation emerged as a barrier. Findings offer valuable insights for climate policy design and communication strategies.

为了应对不断升级的气候危机，世界各国政府在实施有效的环境政策方面面临着挑战。要成功实施和维持雄心勃勃的气候政策，强有力的公众支持至关重要。然而，研究表明，公众支持仍然有限，这可能会阻碍气候行动。本研究探讨了影响公民对气候政策反应的心理社会因素，为更广泛接受的政策工具的设计提供信息。具体来说，它考察了价值取向、气候变化观念、社会规范和情绪是否预测了对低成本和高成本气候政策的支持。一项对1120多人的调查测量了关键的心理变量。结构方程模型和回归分析揭示了对低成本政策的偏好。生物圈价值、社会规范、气候感知和情绪影响政策支持，其中风险感知和担忧是关键驱动因素。政治取向成为障碍。研究结果为气候政策设计和传播战略提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing rights and markets: Towards a typology and critical review of residential electricity disconnection prohibitions in France, Spain, Ireland and Australia 平衡权利和市场：对法国、西班牙、爱尔兰和澳大利亚住宅断电禁令的类型学和批判性审查

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104485

Nicola Willand , Ute Dubois , Sergio Tirado-Herrero , Nessa Winston , Orla Dingley

This article explores the contested issue of electricity disconnection prohibitions through the economies of worth framework. Residential electricity disconnections for non-payment can negatively affect mental, social and physical wellbeing. Debates in the European Union and Australia reveal differing perceptions of what is fair and legitimate. Consumer advocates seek the right to electricity, while policymakers also value the electricity markets' economic sustainability. Recent mandates to review consumer protection mechanisms aim to better align these concerns, yet there is little information on how competing principles of legitimacy may be resolved. To address this gap, this narrative literature review examined electricity disconnection prohibitions for bill-paying household customers in France, Spain and Ireland, which are often seen as model examples, and Australia. The study explored how current (as of February 2025) disconnection bans were configured, to whom they applied and under what circumstances.

Our findings indicate that disconnection bans can be grouped into mandatory, permanent or temporary, prohibitions as ‘compromises’ between civic and market principles, mitigating immediate health risks, and voluntary restraints as ‘arrangements’, contingent on the goodwill of retailers. Governments and industry increasingly acknowledge the role of affordable, uninterrupted electricity services for well-being and incorporate social obligations and hardship safeguards alongside their commercial operations. Recommendations address eligibility criteria, collaborations with intermediaries, consideration of local contexts and additional financial support mechanisms. Understanding the plurality of values that decision-makers need to balance regarding the right to energy enables advocates and scholars to advocate for fairer, context-sensitive pathways that reflect and legitimate diverse forms of worth.

本文通过价值经济框架探讨了有争议的断电禁令问题。因未付款而导致的住宅断电会对心理、社会和身体健康产生负面影响。欧盟和澳大利亚的辩论揭示了对公平和合法的不同看法。消费者权益倡导者寻求电力权利，而政策制定者也重视电力市场的经济可持续性。最近审查消费者保护机制的授权旨在更好地协调这些关切，但关于如何解决合法性竞争原则的信息很少。为了解决这一差距，本文考察了法国、西班牙和爱尔兰（通常被视为典范）以及澳大利亚对付费家庭客户的断电禁令。该研究探讨了目前（截至2025年2月）的断网禁令是如何配置的，对谁适用，在什么情况下适用。我们的研究结果表明，断网禁令可以分为强制性、永久性或临时性，禁止作为公民和市场原则之间的“妥协”，减轻直接的健康风险，以及自愿限制作为“安排”，取决于零售商的善意。各国政府和工业界日益认识到负担得起的、不间断的电力服务对福祉的作用，并将社会义务和艰苦保障纳入其商业业务。建议涉及资格标准、与中介机构的合作、考虑当地情况和额外的财政支持机制。了解决策者在能源权问题上需要平衡的多元价值观，使倡导者和学者能够倡导更公平、对环境敏感的途径，这些途径反映了各种形式的价值，并使其合法化。

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引用次数: 0

Just business? Rethinking the role of small and medium enterprise climate action through a just transition lens 只是业务?从转型角度重新思考中小企业气候行动的作用

IF 7.4 2区经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Energy Research & Social Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104480

Will Eadson , Sam Hampton , Richard Blundel , Elpida Apostolopoulou , Briony Latter , Dawn Witherley , Ben Hardy-Jones , Katherine Sugar

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are critical to achieving climate action goals but are neglected in policy and academic debates. Current SME climate and energy policies are failing to address the complexity and vulnerability of SMEs in the transition to a low carbon economy, often treating these organisations as a homogeneous group, with dominant narratives that appeal to economic or moral imperatives to decarbonise, without recognising their diverse social roles or needs. This article develops a new analytical framework that integrates relational and situated perspectives with the lens of just transition, foregrounding SMEs as social actors with varied motivations and characteristics, embedded within a multitude of social and material relations. The framework can help to highlight how policies, governance and market arrangements can marginalise some SMEs, and identify how vulnerabilities and inequities might be addressed. We apply the framework to a large qualitative dataset consisting of 167 interviews spanning five sectors and five city-regions in the UK. Our findings illuminate the varied and nuanced role of SMEs within just transitions, across three sets of relations: sectoral, dimensional (space and time) and organisational. A large and diverse group which are conventionally overlooked in climate discourse, SMEs' vulnerabilities warrant renewed attention, while their power to help shape a fair and rapid transition remains under-utilised. The concluding section sets out practical implications for SME climate and energy policy. This includes addressing heterogeneity more systematically, designing targeted support for vulnerable firms, and harnessing SMEs as active climate citizens to deliver transformative change.

中小企业对于实现气候行动目标至关重要，但在政策和学术辩论中却被忽视。当前的中小企业气候和能源政策未能解决中小企业在向低碳经济转型过程中的复杂性和脆弱性，往往将这些组织视为一个同质群体，其主导叙事是呼吁经济或道德要求脱碳，而没有认识到它们的不同社会角色或需求。本文开发了一个新的分析框架，将关系和情境视角与公正转型的视角相结合，将中小企业作为具有不同动机和特征的社会行动者，嵌入在众多的社会和物质关系中。该框架有助于突出政策、治理和市场安排如何使一些中小企业边缘化，并确定如何解决脆弱性和不平等问题。我们将该框架应用于一个大型定性数据集，该数据集由跨越英国五个部门和五个城市地区的167个访谈组成。我们的研究结果阐明了中小企业在转型过程中所扮演的不同而微妙的角色，涉及三组关系：部门、维度（空间和时间）和组织。中小企业是一个庞大而多样化的群体，通常在气候话语中被忽视，它们的脆弱性值得重新关注，而它们帮助形成公平和快速转型的力量仍未得到充分利用。最后一节阐述了对中小企业气候和能源政策的实际影响。这包括更系统地解决异质性问题，为弱势企业设计有针对性的支持，以及利用中小企业作为积极的气候公民来实现变革性变革。

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引用次数: 0