Energy insecurity poses a critical threat to the well-being of Hong Kong households, particularly those residing in subdivided units—small spaces created by partitioning larger apartments—especially during periods of extreme weather. This mixed-methods study integrates survey and interview data to examine how energy insecurity and housing precarity intersect and influence self-reported health outcomes. Using an energy justice framework, the analysis highlights persistent energy injustices in Hong Kong. Most respondents reported heavy reliance on air conditioning, resulting in significant cost burdens, while over half experienced mould growth during the wet season; consequently, about one-third reported at least occasional physical health impacts. Ventilation deficiency, including unusable windows and dependence on appliance-based systems, emerged as a strong predictor of ill health. Overall, intensive coping strategies during temperature extremes, coupled with inadequate housing quality, exacerbate domestic thermal stress and health vulnerability. Institutional barriers further compound these injustices, such as landlord-controlled metering, subsidy schemes that exclude renters, and complex application procedures. Although subsidies and respite shelters exist, awareness remains limited. Accordingly, we recommend policy reforms grounded in energy justice principles, including recipient-centred subsidies, metering regulation, and integrated housing and public health interventions.
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