Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105553
Jutta Gutberlet , Torleif Bramryd
Governments worldwide are seeking better solutions for solid waste management. Thermal treatment projects are presented as quick fixes for rising waste challenges, without addressing the limitations of incineration. Currently, there is a rise in proposals for thermal treatment technologies in developing countries. Scrutiny of the risks and impacts of these alternatives is necessary due to social, climate, and resource considerations. Energy from waste incineration is considered fossil energy since about half of the CO2 emissions come from fossil polymers in the waste. From a sustainability perspective, landfilling is a short-term option for materials currently unsuitable for recycling. Landfills act as bioreactors, producing valuable biogas, and serve as “resource banks,” storing unrecyclable resources until better recycling techniques are developed. In developing countries manual labor is abundant and material sorting and landfilling are more valuable and have a lower climate and resource footprint. This paper offers a novel, integrated perspective of waste management in view of poverty reduction, climate change and resource conservation.
{"title":"Reimagining urban waste management: Addressing social, climate, and resource challenges in modern cities","authors":"Jutta Gutberlet , Torleif Bramryd","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Governments worldwide are seeking better solutions for solid waste management. Thermal treatment projects are presented as quick fixes for rising waste challenges, without addressing the limitations of incineration. Currently, there is a rise in proposals for thermal treatment technologies in developing countries. Scrutiny of the risks and impacts of these alternatives is necessary due to social, climate, and resource considerations. Energy from waste incineration is considered fossil energy since about half of the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions come from fossil polymers in the waste. From a sustainability perspective, landfilling is a short-term option for materials currently unsuitable for recycling. Landfills act as bioreactors, producing valuable biogas, and serve as “resource banks,” storing unrecyclable resources until better recycling techniques are developed. In developing countries manual labor is abundant and material sorting and landfilling are more valuable and have a lower climate and resource footprint. This paper offers a novel, integrated perspective of waste management in view of poverty reduction, climate change and resource conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105524
Omri Cohen
How do cities become more democratic? While some view local government as harboring greater democratic opportunities than the state, others identify local obstacles that inhibit democratization. Building on ideas of democratic populism, this article contributes to existing research on the right to the city by demonstrating how the construction of “an urban people,” and rhetoric and practices of urban populism can push for local democratization. Empirical analysis of the Tel Aviv-Jaffa 2008 municipal elections and their aftermath reveals that defining and engaging with a notion of the city's “ordinary people” can serve to further urban democracy. Four mutually reinforcing levels of transformative populism are identified: transformation of discourse, participation, rules of the game, and policy. The findings of this study suggest that democratically transforming discourse faces less resistance from local elites than transforming participation, the rules of the game, and policy.
{"title":"Can urban populism democratize the city? The Tel Aviv-Jaffa 2008 municipal elections and their aftermath","authors":"Omri Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How do cities become more democratic? While some view local government as harboring greater democratic opportunities than the state, others identify local obstacles that inhibit democratization. Building on ideas of democratic populism, this article contributes to existing research on the right to the city by demonstrating how the construction of “an urban people,” and rhetoric and practices of urban populism can push for local democratization. Empirical analysis of the Tel Aviv-Jaffa 2008 municipal elections and their aftermath reveals that defining and engaging with a notion of the city's “ordinary people” can serve to further urban democracy. Four mutually reinforcing levels of transformative populism are identified: transformation of discourse, participation, rules of the game, and policy. The findings of this study suggest that democratically transforming discourse faces less resistance from local elites than transforming participation, the rules of the game, and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105518
Dongsheng Yan , Wei Sun , Pingxing Li , Chonggang Liu , Yongjin Li
Urban–rural imbalance is a common phenomenon, and its prominent manifestation is the sustained expansion of the urban–rural income gap. For emerging countries, this gap encountered during the development process should be addressed by promoting development, which also puts forward high requirements for economic management. Inspired by political economy theory and the widening urban–rural income gap in China, this study constructs a theoretical framework of “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” based on the urban bias theory, and then quantitatively examines the effect of economic growth target on the urban–rural income gap based on panel data at the provincial level. In addition, we explore the mechanism by which economic growth targets affect the urban–rural income gap with the mediating effect model, and investigate the impact of marketization and spatial structure on the relationship between economic growth targets and urban–rural income gap with the moderating effect model. The results show that the economic growth target significantly contributes to the widening urban–rural income gap in the face of the political promotion incentives and economic growth target accountability system, and this effect exhibits substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity. In addition, fiscal expenditure, fixed asset investment, and labor mismatch under urban bias are important mechanisms that lead to the widening urban–rural income gap, and the marketization level and spatial structure significantly affect this relationship. We put economic growth management, urban bias, and urban–rural income gap into the “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” theoretical framework, which provides a new explanatory perspective for understanding the urban–rural income gap in emerging economies, and new policy insights for rational economic growth management.
{"title":"Effects of economic growth target on the urban–rural income gap in China: An empirical study based on the urban bias theory","authors":"Dongsheng Yan , Wei Sun , Pingxing Li , Chonggang Liu , Yongjin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban–rural imbalance is a common phenomenon, and its prominent manifestation is the sustained expansion of the urban–rural income gap. For emerging countries, this gap encountered during the development process should be addressed by promoting development, which also puts forward high requirements for economic management. Inspired by political economy theory and the widening urban–rural income gap in China, this study constructs a theoretical framework of “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” based on the urban bias theory, and then quantitatively examines the effect of economic growth target on the urban–rural income gap based on panel data at the provincial level. In addition, we explore the mechanism by which economic growth targets affect the urban–rural income gap with the mediating effect model, and investigate the impact of marketization and spatial structure on the relationship between economic growth targets and urban–rural income gap with the moderating effect model. The results show that the economic growth target significantly contributes to the widening urban–rural income gap in the face of the political promotion incentives and economic growth target accountability system, and this effect exhibits substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity. In addition, fiscal expenditure, fixed asset investment, and labor mismatch under urban bias are important mechanisms that lead to the widening urban–rural income gap, and the marketization level and spatial structure significantly affect this relationship. We put economic growth management, urban bias, and urban–rural income gap into the “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” theoretical framework, which provides a new explanatory perspective for understanding the urban–rural income gap in emerging economies, and new policy insights for rational economic growth management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105492
Marie Skubak Tillyer , Arthur Acolin , Rebecca J. Walter
Research suggests that investment in the form of structural home repairs, new construction, and home renovation is associated with crime reductions in residential areas. The current study examines how the relationship between investment and crime on residential street segments is moderated by neighborhood characteristics using longitudinal data from six large U.S. cities to better understand how investment strategies can be targeted to maximize public safety benefits. We estimate spatial Durbin models with street segment and census tract by year fixed effects to examine the effects of one measure of direct investment, building permits, on changes in crime at street segments and the extent to which such effects vary by census tract-level concentrated disadvantage, residential stability, median housing values, percent non-White, percent foreign-born, and population density. Findings reveal a significant negative relationship between permit activity and changes in crime in all cities. With few exceptions, effects were strongest among segments in the densest neighborhoods with the highest percentage of foreign-born residents where concentrated disadvantage is high and residential stability and median home values are low. The moderating influence of the racial and ethnic residential population varied across cities. We discuss implications, including avoiding unintended consequences associated with investment.
{"title":"Investment and crime on residential street segments: Assessing the moderating role of neighborhood characteristics","authors":"Marie Skubak Tillyer , Arthur Acolin , Rebecca J. Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research suggests that investment in the form of structural home repairs, new construction, and home renovation is associated with crime reductions in residential areas. The current study examines how the relationship between investment and crime on residential street segments is moderated by neighborhood characteristics using longitudinal data from six large U.S. cities to better understand how investment strategies can be targeted to maximize public safety benefits. We estimate spatial Durbin models with street segment and census tract by year fixed effects to examine the effects of one measure of direct investment, building permits, on changes in crime at street segments and the extent to which such effects vary by census tract-level concentrated disadvantage, residential stability, median housing values, percent non-White, percent foreign-born, and population density. Findings reveal a significant negative relationship between permit activity and changes in crime in all cities. With few exceptions, effects were strongest among segments in the densest neighborhoods with the highest percentage of foreign-born residents where concentrated disadvantage is high and residential stability and median home values are low. The moderating influence of the racial and ethnic residential population varied across cities. We discuss implications, including avoiding unintended consequences associated with investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105453
Emma Mitchell , Kathleen Mee , Emma R. Power , Ilan Wiesel
The coronavirus pandemic forced local support services in marginalised communities to adapt how they operated at the same time as demand for assistance soared. Social distancing restrictions brought into sharp relief the infrastructural dimensions of social care and support services and networks that are often backgrounded in day-to-day practice. A shadow care infrastructures lens looks purposively at care infrastructures that are not readily seen or acknowledged in dominant welfare discourse and research (Power, Wiesel, Mitchell, & Mee, 2022). Taking this analytic lens as our starting point, in this paper we explore how relations of care were reconfigured by the shift to remote care delivery during Covid-19 lockdowns and beyond. The challenges of providing care during lockdown reveal the complex interplay between distance and proximity in care relations and practices and the possibilities for doing care differently. The paper draws primarily on in-depth interviews with paid and voluntary supporters across a diverse range of care organisations servicing two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Central Western Sydney. A gateway region for new migrants west of the population centre of Sydney, it was one of the areas worst affected by the outbreak of the Delta variant of Covid-19 in 2021. The paper reflects on the potential longevity of pandemic care practices as cities learn to live with Covid.
{"title":"How care infrastructures support distance and connection in community welfare organisations: Learning from COVID-19 lockdowns","authors":"Emma Mitchell , Kathleen Mee , Emma R. Power , Ilan Wiesel","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coronavirus pandemic forced local support services in marginalised communities to adapt how they operated at the same time as demand for assistance soared. Social distancing restrictions brought into sharp relief the infrastructural dimensions of social care and support services and networks that are often backgrounded in day-to-day practice. A shadow care infrastructures lens looks purposively at care infrastructures that are not readily seen or acknowledged in dominant welfare discourse and research (Power, Wiesel, Mitchell, & Mee, 2022). Taking this analytic lens as our starting point, in this paper we explore how relations of care were reconfigured by the shift to remote care delivery during Covid-19 lockdowns and beyond. The challenges of providing care during lockdown reveal the complex interplay between distance and proximity in care relations and practices and the possibilities for doing care differently. The paper draws primarily on in-depth interviews with paid and voluntary supporters across a diverse range of care organisations servicing two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Central Western Sydney. A gateway region for new migrants west of the population centre of Sydney, it was one of the areas worst affected by the outbreak of the Delta variant of Covid-19 in 2021. The paper reflects on the potential longevity of pandemic care practices as cities learn to live with Covid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105453"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105541
Bing Sheng Wu, Tzu-Chi Chieh
Rapid urban growth extends the boundaries of urbanized areas and makes people spend extra travel cost on the journey to work. Scholars have examined commuting behaviors between residence and work places within a region, and suggested the conceptual theory of jobs-housing balance to evaluate if there are sufficient job opportunities for residents in the region. A quantitative measurement of excess commuting is proposed to reflect the degree of jobs-house balance. However, current studies focus on the evaluation of excess commuting and the causality of spatial restructuring between residence and workplace, the spatial extend of excess commuting in an urban region is not visually delineated. In addition, conventional studies acquire static data such as statistic data or other survey data to analyze impacts of commuting patterns on urban formation. Today the emergence of spatial big data sheds light on the causality of urban commuting from higher spatial and temporal resolutions. This study aims to examine the degree of jobs-housing balance through the calculation of excess commuting and represent the spatial extent of excess commuting of Taichung metropolitan area in Taiwan. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) data, the spatial big data which is publicly accessible in Taiwan, is introduced as the commuting data and to calculate three key parameters of excess commuting, Tmin, Tobs, and Tmax. The three parameters are used to visualize the extent of commuting zones and examine commuting patterns of Taichung metropolitan area and observe the spatial relationship between those patterns and land-use types. The evaluation of excess commuting indicates that the degree of jobs-housing imbalance in Taichung metropolitan area is similar to Los Angeles metropolis in US. The analytical results explain how ETC data can be successfully used for the calculation of excess commuting, and visualization of the extent of commuting regions. In addition, after the cluster analysis of residential areas, it is intuitive to observe spatial correlation between hot zones of residential areas and the spatial extent of theoretical maximum commuting, and shows that the scenarios of commuting can be considered as an indicator to explain the possibility of urban expansion in the future.
{"title":"Visualization of commuting areas and examination of jobs-housing balance with the adoption of excess commuting","authors":"Bing Sheng Wu, Tzu-Chi Chieh","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urban growth extends the boundaries of urbanized areas and makes people spend extra travel cost on the journey to work. Scholars have examined commuting behaviors between residence and work places within a region, and suggested the conceptual theory of jobs-housing balance to evaluate if there are sufficient job opportunities for residents in the region. A quantitative measurement of excess commuting is proposed to reflect the degree of jobs-house balance. However, current studies focus on the evaluation of excess commuting and the causality of spatial restructuring between residence and workplace, the spatial extend of excess commuting in an urban region is not visually delineated. In addition, conventional studies acquire static data such as statistic data or other survey data to analyze impacts of commuting patterns on urban formation. Today the emergence of spatial big data sheds light on the causality of urban commuting from higher spatial and temporal resolutions. This study aims to examine the degree of jobs-housing balance through the calculation of excess commuting and represent the spatial extent of excess commuting of Taichung metropolitan area in Taiwan. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) data, the spatial big data which is publicly accessible in Taiwan, is introduced as the commuting data and to calculate three key parameters of excess commuting, T<em>min</em>, T<em>obs</em>, and T<em>max</em>. The three parameters are used to visualize the extent of commuting zones and examine commuting patterns of Taichung metropolitan area and observe the spatial relationship between those patterns and land-use types. The evaluation of excess commuting indicates that the degree of jobs-housing imbalance in Taichung metropolitan area is similar to Los Angeles metropolis in US. The analytical results explain how ETC data can be successfully used for the calculation of excess commuting, and visualization of the extent of commuting regions. In addition, after the cluster analysis of residential areas, it is intuitive to observe spatial correlation between hot zones of residential areas and the spatial extent of theoretical maximum commuting, and shows that the scenarios of commuting can be considered as an indicator to explain the possibility of urban expansion in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105464
Yejin Kim , Sugie Lee
As part of efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the concept of n-minute cities has been proposed. Although many global cities have attempted to implement this idea, there is still a lack of quantitative research on n-minute cities. This study aims to analyze factors that influence living radii by utilizing mobile phone location-based mobility big data and spatial regression analysis, thereby contributing to the implementation of n-minute cities. By distinguishing between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods and between commuting and non-commuting travel, this study reveals decreased average travel distances in the post-pandemic period and identifies factors influencing living radii, thereby favoring the concept of n-minute cities. During the post-COVID-19 period, the impact of factors such as population density, commercial facilities, and the job-housing ratio on travel distance has shifted, while neighborhood living and cultural facilities maintain consistent influence. This underscores the importance of prioritizing these aspects in n-minute city planning. Additionally, the mix of residential and business uses consistently affects shorter commuting distances, highlighting its critical role in n-minute city development. This study is significant for identifying urban environmental factors that effectively reduce living radii based on actual travel behaviors.
作为减少碳排放努力的一部分，人们提出了 n 分钟城市的概念。尽管全球许多城市都在尝试实施这一理念，但目前仍缺乏对 n 分钟城市的定量研究。本研究旨在利用基于手机定位的移动大数据和空间回归分析，分析影响生活半径的因素，从而为 n 分钟城市的实施做出贡献。通过区分 "COVID-19 "之前和之后、通勤和非通勤出行，本研究揭示了 "COVID-19 "流行后平均出行距离的减少，并确定了影响生活半径的因素，从而有利于 "n 分钟城市 "概念的实现。在后 COVID-19 时期，人口密度、商业设施、工作与住房比例等因素对出行距离的影响发生了变化，而社区生活和文化设施的影响保持一致。这凸显了在 n 分钟城市规划中优先考虑这些方面的重要性。此外，住宅和商业用途的组合始终影响着较短的通勤距离，突出了其在 n 分钟城市发展中的关键作用。这项研究对于根据实际出行行为确定有效缩短生活半径的城市环境因素具有重要意义。
{"title":"Neighborhood-level determining factors of travel distance by trip purpose: Policy implications for the N-minute city","authors":"Yejin Kim , Sugie Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As part of efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the concept of n-minute cities has been proposed. Although many global cities have attempted to implement this idea, there is still a lack of quantitative research on n-minute cities. This study aims to analyze factors that influence living radii by utilizing mobile phone location-based mobility big data and spatial regression analysis, thereby contributing to the implementation of n-minute cities. By distinguishing between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods and between commuting and non-commuting travel, this study reveals decreased average travel distances in the post-pandemic period and identifies factors influencing living radii, thereby favoring the concept of n-minute cities. During the post-COVID-19 period, the impact of factors such as population density, commercial facilities, and the job-housing ratio on travel distance has shifted, while neighborhood living and cultural facilities maintain consistent influence. This underscores the importance of prioritizing these aspects in n-minute city planning. Additionally, the mix of residential and business uses consistently affects shorter commuting distances, highlighting its critical role in n-minute city development. This study is significant for identifying urban environmental factors that effectively reduce living radii based on actual travel behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105527
Conghui Zhou , Shining Zhang , Bowen Liu , Tianjiao Li , Jixin Shi , Huiying Zhan
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Using deep learning to unravel the structural evolution of block-scale green spaces in urban renewal” [Cities 150 (2024) 105030]","authors":"Conghui Zhou , Shining Zhang , Bowen Liu , Tianjiao Li , Jixin Shi , Huiying Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105527"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Australia, Melbourne's population is growing rapidly and will soon overtake Sydney, fuelled by a COVID-19 baby boom that has increased demand for early childhood education (ECE). In response, the Victorian Government has announced transformational reforms to improve the accessibility and quality of ECE for the growing urban population. This study aims to addresses the evolution and effectiveness of ECE reforms in Melbourne from 2021 to 2036 by proposing an innovative approach that integrates spatial accessibility and educational quality into ECE evaluations. Using the distance decay function, the Floating Catchment Area (FCA) method and the Huff model, it extends traditional geographical analyses by highlighting the importance of educational quality in parental choice and providing a refined technique for simulating local demand based on educational quality and travel distance. Overall, inequalities in educational resources have been identified, with a concentration of ECE services near the CBD, despite high population density, while peripheral areas have significant service deficits. Furthermore, the projected poor accessibility scores for 2026, 2031 and 2036 highlight the urgent need for educational infrastructure development, even in areas rated as having better accessibility in 2021.
{"title":"Bridging the education gap: A comprehensive analysis of travel distance and education quality based spatial accessibility of early childhood education in Metropolitan Melbourne","authors":"Shiyang Lyu , Xiaoxuan Chen , Kiki Maulana Adhinugraha , David Taniar","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Australia, Melbourne's population is growing rapidly and will soon overtake Sydney, fuelled by a COVID-19 baby boom that has increased demand for early childhood education (ECE). In response, the Victorian Government has announced transformational reforms to improve the accessibility and quality of ECE for the growing urban population. This study aims to addresses the evolution and effectiveness of ECE reforms in Melbourne from 2021 to 2036 by proposing an innovative approach that integrates spatial accessibility and educational quality into ECE evaluations. Using the distance decay function, the Floating Catchment Area (FCA) method and the Huff model, it extends traditional geographical analyses by highlighting the importance of educational quality in parental choice and providing a refined technique for simulating local demand based on educational quality and travel distance. Overall, inequalities in educational resources have been identified, with a concentration of ECE services near the CBD, despite high population density, while peripheral areas have significant service deficits. Furthermore, the projected poor accessibility scores for 2026, 2031 and 2036 highlight the urgent need for educational infrastructure development, even in areas rated as having better accessibility in 2021.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105530"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105526
Melissa Louise Smith, Xinyu Fu
Promoting bicycling is a shared aspiration among cities internationally in pursuit of sustainable urban development. However, while cities are increasingly investing in bike lanes, car dependency remains high. Existing empirical literature examining the reasons behind such a low conversion rate remains inconclusive and limited. In this study, we aim to address this gap by empirically investigating the quality of cycling infrastructure using the Level of Traffic Stress Framework and its relationship with cycling uptake using a case study of seven major cities in Aotearoa New Zealand. Specifically, we first developed a transferable method that combined the Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) framework and graph theory to spatially quantify the quality of cycling infrastructure, and then used Hurdle models to examine the relationship between the presence of low-stress cycling infrastructure and cycling uptake across these cities. We found that while the majority of the roads in these cities are low stress, they are poorly connected, and the greater provision of low-stress cycling infrastructure is associated with more people cycling to work. This study offers important empirical evidence for transport planners to inform decisions that enable longer-distance active commutes and foster broader public uptake of active travel in their communities.
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