Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104705
Madison N. Sewell , Christopher M. Napolitano , Hee Jun Yoon , Christopher J. Soto , Brent W. Roberts
Using an exploratory quasi-experimental design, the present research investigated SEB skills as an antecedent and consequence of volunteering in a sample of college students who were either actively volunteering (N = 169) or not (N = 286). Results indicated that more skilled students participated in volunteering, but volunteering, in general, did not predict positive SEB skill change. However, participants who reported interacting with others while volunteering experienced growth in socially relevant skills. Participants who reported positive subjective evaluations of volunteering also experienced growth in several SEB skills. These findings suggest that domain relevant actions, as well as subjective experiences of engaging in those actions, may be critical for positive SEB skill development.
{"title":"Experiental features of volunteering predict changes in college students’ social, emotional, and behavioral skills","authors":"Madison N. Sewell , Christopher M. Napolitano , Hee Jun Yoon , Christopher J. Soto , Brent W. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using an exploratory quasi-experimental design, the present research investigated SEB skills as an antecedent and consequence of volunteering in a sample of college students who were either actively volunteering (<em>N</em> = 169) or not (<em>N</em> = 286). Results indicated that more skilled students participated in volunteering, but volunteering, in general, did not predict positive SEB skill change. However, participants who reported interacting with others while volunteering experienced growth in socially relevant skills. Participants who reported positive subjective evaluations of volunteering also experienced growth in several SEB skills. These findings suggest that domain relevant actions, as well as subjective experiences of engaging in those actions, may be critical for positive SEB skill development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104703
Senqi Yang , Gamze Dane , Theo Arentze
Affective states during environmental experiences are dynamic, yet often studied as static outcomes. This study develops a computational framework to model mood evolution in human-environment interactions while accounting for individual heterogeneity. In an experiment with 213 adults viewing simulated urban walking environments, we applied a nonlinear mood updating model and latent class modeling to examine temporal dynamics along the Pleasure–Arousal–Dominance dimensions. Results indicated moderately stable updating for pleasure, limited change for arousal, and comparatively higher reactivity for dominance. Baseline mood remained the strongest predictor of final mood states, while personality traits, gender, and environmental familiarity accounted for additional individual differences. These findings advance understanding of context-dependent affective dynamics and their links to personal characteristics in everyday environmental experiences.
{"title":"Temporal mood dynamics and individual heterogeneity: a computational framework for human-environment affective dynamics","authors":"Senqi Yang , Gamze Dane , Theo Arentze","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Affective states during environmental experiences are dynamic, yet often studied as static outcomes. This study develops a computational framework to model mood evolution in human-environment interactions while accounting for individual heterogeneity. In an experiment with 213 adults viewing simulated urban walking environments, we applied a nonlinear mood updating model and latent class modeling to examine temporal dynamics along the Pleasure–Arousal–Dominance dimensions. Results indicated moderately stable updating for pleasure, limited change for arousal, and comparatively higher reactivity for dominance. Baseline mood remained the strongest predictor of final mood states, while personality traits, gender, and environmental familiarity accounted for additional individual differences. These findings advance understanding of context-dependent affective dynamics and their links to personal characteristics in everyday environmental experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104704
Jüri Allik , Samuel J. Henry , Reinout E. de Vries
To explain why the test–retest correlation of a personality measure can exceed its internal reliability, McCrae (2015) proposed that specific variance provides additional reliable information beyond common variance, which he termed personality nuances. Although the definition of nuances as specific variance was later replaced by narrow personality traits measured using a few items, this study laid the foundation for the personality nuances research field. After analyzing the shortcomings of the method of residuals and returning to statistically sound definitions of common and specific variance, we found that the common variance in the facet subscales was nearly double that of the specific variance. At the domain level, the proportion of common variance’s impact was up to nine times greater than that of specific variance, as indicated by their Cronbach alphas. Nevertheless, the specific variance had a much more significant impact on the strength of test–retest correlations and self-other agreement. Therefore, specific variance can be seen as a fundamental unit of personality and its assessment, despite test constructors’ efforts to maximize the amount of common variance in their scales.
{"title":"The effects of specific and common variance on test–retest and self-other correlations: Another perspective on personality nuances","authors":"Jüri Allik , Samuel J. Henry , Reinout E. de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explain why the test–retest correlation of a personality measure can exceed its internal reliability, <span><span>McCrae (2015)</span></span> proposed that specific variance provides additional reliable information beyond common variance, which he termed personality nuances. Although the definition of nuances as specific variance was later replaced by narrow personality traits measured using a few items, this study laid the foundation for the personality nuances research field. After analyzing the shortcomings of the method of residuals and returning to statistically sound definitions of common and specific variance, we found that the common variance in the facet subscales was nearly double that of the specific variance. At the domain level, the proportion of common variance’s impact was up to nine times greater than that of specific variance, as indicated by their Cronbach alphas. Nevertheless, the specific variance had a much more significant impact on the strength of test–retest correlations and self-other agreement. Therefore, specific variance can be seen as a fundamental unit of personality and its assessment, despite test constructors’ efforts to maximize the amount of common variance in their scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104691
Kenneth D. Locke
Two studies integrated personality and game theory models to elucidate how people approach disagreements. Four potential outcomes of dyadic disagreements are Yielding (only self makes concessions), Dominating (only partner makes concessions), Compromising (both make concessions), and Clashing (neither makes concessions). Participants (N = 725) evaluated each outcome’s expected payoff in hypothetical disagreements from the Evaluations of Disagreement Outcomes Scales and real disagreements from their everyday lives. They also completed interpersonal circumplex measures of values and problems. More communal and less agentic values or problems—that prioritize mutuality and harmony over gaining advantage—predicted evaluating compromising and yielding more positively and clashing more negatively. Evolutionary game theory simulations showed how these interpersonal and evaluative dispositions can dynamically shape the outcomes of disagreement interactions.
{"title":"Applying game theory and interpersonal circumplex models to evaluations of outcomes of dyadic disagreements","authors":"Kenneth D. Locke","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two studies integrated personality and game theory models to elucidate how people approach disagreements. Four potential outcomes of dyadic disagreements are Yielding (only self makes concessions), Dominating (only partner makes concessions), Compromising (both make concessions), and Clashing (neither makes concessions). Participants (<em>N</em> = 725) evaluated each outcome’s expected payoff in hypothetical disagreements from the <em>Evaluations of Disagreement Outcomes Scales</em> and real disagreements from their everyday lives. They also completed interpersonal circumplex measures of values and problems. More communal and less agentic values or problems—that prioritize mutuality and harmony over gaining advantage—predicted evaluating compromising and yielding more positively and clashing more negatively. Evolutionary game theory simulations showed how these interpersonal and evaluative dispositions can dynamically shape the outcomes of disagreement interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104693
Margarida Baltazar, Iballa Burunat, Suvi Saarikallio
We investigated emotional complexity (i.e., co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions) in musical experiences and its shaping by personality, age, cultural orientation, and music’s functionality. Participants (N = 2137) from 84 countries provided one musical piece, rated induced emotions, and reported frequency of music functions. Emotional complexity was positively predicted by vertical (i.e., hierarchical) individualism and the functions of diversion, identity, memories, and feeling the music’s emotions, whereas it was negatively predicted by age, conscientiousness, emotional stability, horizontal (i.e., egalitarian) individualism, and the function of self-regulation. Crucially, the effect of individualism was fully explained by musical functions, while partial mediations were found in the case of age and emotional stability. Results highlight the relevance of music’s functions in understanding the emotional experience.
{"title":"The emotional complexity of musical experiences: Cultural and individual factors","authors":"Margarida Baltazar, Iballa Burunat, Suvi Saarikallio","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated emotional complexity (i.e., co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions) in musical experiences and its shaping by personality, age, cultural orientation, and music’s functionality. Participants (<em>N</em> = 2137) from 84 countries provided one musical piece, rated induced emotions, and reported frequency of music functions. Emotional complexity was positively predicted by vertical (i.e., hierarchical) individualism and the functions of diversion, identity, memories, and feeling the music’s emotions, whereas it was negatively predicted by age, conscientiousness, emotional stability, horizontal (i.e., egalitarian) individualism, and the function of self-regulation. Crucially, the effect of individualism was fully explained by musical functions, while partial mediations were found in the case of age and emotional stability. Results highlight the relevance of music’s functions in understanding the emotional experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690
Maxim Leberecht , Andre Nedderhoff , Steffen Zitzmann , Martin Hecht
The Dark Triad (DT) personality traits, characterized by manipulativeness, callousness, and egocentrism, are linked to both negative outcomes such as aggression and delinquency, as well as positive outcomes like career success. This study aims to compare different machine learning models for predicting DT traits − Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy − using social media text data from Facebook status updates and personality questionnaires. Various machine learning models were evaluated. Across traits, Random Forest achieved the lowest RMSE, outperforming most other models, followed by Support Vector Machines and Gaussian Processes. Bias was similar across all models. These findings highlight the potential of social media data to offer insights into users’ personalities and carry methodological implications for future research on personality assessments.
{"title":"Comparing machine learning methods for predicting dark triad personality traits using social media text data","authors":"Maxim Leberecht , Andre Nedderhoff , Steffen Zitzmann , Martin Hecht","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dark Triad (DT) personality traits, characterized by manipulativeness, callousness, and egocentrism, are linked to both negative outcomes such as aggression and delinquency, as well as positive outcomes like career success. This study aims to compare different machine learning models for predicting DT traits <em>−</em> Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy <em>−</em> using social media text data from Facebook status updates and personality questionnaires. Various machine learning models were evaluated. Across traits, Random Forest achieved the lowest RMSE, outperforming most other models, followed by Support Vector Machines and Gaussian Processes. Bias was similar across all models. These findings highlight the potential of social media data to offer insights into users’ personalities and carry methodological implications for future research on personality assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construct validity of self-reports of perceived posttraumatic growth (PTG) has been questioned in recent years. One response has been to modify standard assessments to improve their validity. The Stress-Related Growth Scale-Revised (SRGS-R) employs a bidirectional response scale to reduce wording biases and demand characteristics inherent in conventional PTG measures. This study examined its construct validity using agreement between self and informant ratings in 184 romantic couples. Results showed moderate trait-level agreement, consistent with preregistered expectations. Convergence modestly exceeded prior studies of PTG, though the difference should be interpreted with caution.
{"title":"Investigating corroboration on the Stress-Related Growth Scale-Revised among romantic partners☆☆","authors":"Jamieson Nathan , Adriel Boals , Eranda Jayawickreme","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construct validity of self-reports of perceived posttraumatic growth (PTG) has been questioned in recent years. One response has been to modify standard assessments to improve their validity. The Stress-Related Growth Scale-Revised (SRGS-R) employs a bidirectional response scale to reduce wording biases and demand characteristics inherent in conventional PTG measures. This study examined its construct validity using agreement between self and informant ratings in 184 romantic couples. Results showed moderate trait-level agreement, consistent with preregistered expectations. Convergence modestly exceeded prior studies of PTG, though the difference should be interpreted with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104689
Ranran Li , Isabel Thielmann , Daniel Balliet , Reinout E. de Vries
Trait activation theory posits that personality traits are expressed when trait-relevant situational cues—affordances—are present. While prior work has primarily examined how situational affordances moderate trait–behavior associations (an affordance-gradient perspective), comparatively less attention has been given to how multiple traits are differentially activated within affordance-relevant situations (an affordance-configured perspective), especially in ecologically valid settings. We addressed this gap using a retrospective diary design with 224 respondents (Ndiary = 448), combining self- and independently rated assessments of situational affordances and behavioral expressions. Consistent with the affordance-configured perspective, traits showed stronger associations with behavior in affordance-relevant situations relative to other traits. In contrast, interaction effects for the affordance-gradient perspective were mostly absent. These findings extend trait activation theory to everyday life and underscore the value of situational affordances for understanding personality expression.
{"title":"Trait activation in daily life: Comparing two perspectives on person-situation interactions","authors":"Ranran Li , Isabel Thielmann , Daniel Balliet , Reinout E. de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trait activation theory posits that personality traits are expressed when trait-relevant situational cues—affordances—are present. While prior work has primarily examined how situational affordances moderate trait–behavior associations (an <em>affordance-gradient</em> perspective), comparatively less attention has been given to how multiple traits are differentially activated within affordance-relevant situations (an <em>affordance-configured</em> perspective), especially in ecologically valid settings. We addressed this gap using a retrospective diary design with 224 respondents (<em>N</em><sub>diary</sub> = 448), combining self- and independently rated assessments of situational affordances and behavioral expressions. Consistent with the affordance-configured perspective, traits showed stronger associations with behavior in affordance-relevant situations relative to other traits. In contrast, interaction effects for the affordance-gradient perspective were mostly absent. These findings extend trait activation theory to everyday life and underscore the value of situational affordances for understanding personality expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104681
Kate Sweeny , Sarah A. Schnitker
This investigation tests whether people higher in trait patience navigate stressful waiting periods with greater emotional well-being and less maladaptive coping. In one exploratory study (N = 799) and three conceptual replications (Ns = 217, 410, 411), undergraduates completed a baseline survey assessing trait patience before entering a laboratory paradigm where they experienced uncertainty while awaiting feedback on their intelligence (Study 1), social skills (Study 2), health risk (Study 3), and attractiveness (Study 4). Participants completed measures of worry, positive and negative emotion, distraction, and suppression during the wait. Mini meta-analysis findings show that patient people worry less and feel less negative and more positive emotion when waiting for personally-relevant news, while avoiding the relatively maladaptive coping strategies of distraction and suppression, with the strongest associations emerging for positive emotion.
{"title":"Patiently waiting: The role of trait patience during stressful waiting periods","authors":"Kate Sweeny , Sarah A. Schnitker","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation tests whether people higher in trait patience navigate stressful waiting periods with greater emotional well-being and less maladaptive coping. In one exploratory study (<em>N</em> = 799) and three conceptual replications (<em>N</em>s = 217, 410, 411), undergraduates completed a baseline survey assessing trait patience before entering a laboratory paradigm where they experienced uncertainty while awaiting feedback on their intelligence (Study 1), social skills (Study 2), health risk (Study 3), and attractiveness (Study 4). Participants completed measures of worry, positive and negative emotion, distraction, and suppression during the wait. Mini <em>meta</em>-analysis findings show that patient people worry less and feel less negative and more positive emotion when waiting for personally-relevant news, while avoiding the relatively maladaptive coping strategies of distraction and suppression, with the strongest associations emerging for positive emotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104680
Zhaohui Zhang , Zhuoran Tu , Yulei Chen , Xiyao Xiao , Yi Feng , Wen Zhang
Traditional personality assessment struggles to capture behavior across contexts. Though HEXACO provides a broad framework, creating HEXACO-based Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) is resource-intensive due to expert-developed items. Large language models (LLMs) offer scalable, less biased generation of theory-aligned SJT items. This study evaluates whether LLMs can produce HEXACO items with psychometric quality on par with expert-crafted ones. Across three studies, we compared LLM-generated and expert-created items through review and a human-subject test (N = 227), assessing reliability, validity, and response quality. Results show LLM items match expert items in internal consistency and convergent validity with HEXACO scales. These findings highlight LLMs as a cost-effective, scalable approach to psychometric instrument development and adaptive assessment.
{"title":"Automated item generation for personality assessment: development and validation of large-language-model-derived HEXACO situational judgment tests","authors":"Zhaohui Zhang , Zhuoran Tu , Yulei Chen , Xiyao Xiao , Yi Feng , Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional personality assessment struggles to capture behavior across contexts. Though HEXACO provides a broad framework, creating HEXACO-based Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) is resource-intensive due to expert-developed items. Large language models (LLMs) offer scalable, less biased generation of theory-aligned SJT items. This study evaluates whether LLMs can produce HEXACO items with psychometric quality on par with expert-crafted ones. Across three studies, we compared LLM-generated and expert-created items through review and a human-subject test (N = 227), assessing reliability, validity, and response quality. Results show LLM items match expert items in internal consistency and convergent validity with HEXACO scales. These findings highlight LLMs as a cost-effective, scalable approach to psychometric instrument development and adaptive assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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