Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104605
Guilherme da Franca Couto Fernandes de Almeida , Brian Flanagan , Ivar Rodriguez Hannikainen
People often disagree about whether a rule’s text or its spirit should govern its application. To what extent is this disagreement explained by personality traits? In a pre-registered, nationally representative study (N = 385), by-participant regressions revealed that, for most participants, both text and purpose exert influence over rule application. Moreover, we found confirmatory evidence that more empathic participants were more likely to rely on purpose in their rule violation judgments. We also found exploratory associations between the personality dimensions of agreeableness and extraversion and one’s propensity to rely on text or purpose. In contrast, we found no correlation between rule-based decision-making style and differences in moral foundations and need for closure.
{"title":"Trait empathy predicts a preference for the spirit of the law: Nationally representative survey evidence","authors":"Guilherme da Franca Couto Fernandes de Almeida , Brian Flanagan , Ivar Rodriguez Hannikainen","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People often disagree about whether a rule’s text or its spirit should govern its application. To what extent is this disagreement explained by personality traits? In a pre-registered, nationally representative study (<em>N</em> = 385), by-participant regressions revealed that, for most participants, both text and purpose exert influence over rule application. Moreover, we found confirmatory evidence that more empathic participants were more likely to rely on purpose in their rule violation judgments. We also found exploratory associations between the personality dimensions of agreeableness and extraversion and one’s propensity to rely on text or purpose. In contrast, we found no correlation between rule-based decision-making style and differences in moral foundations and need for closure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104604
Theresa Leyens , Patrick Mussel , Johannes Hewig , Joeri Hofmans
This study assesses behavioral signatures (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) in Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs), which provide the opportunity to not only capture individuals’ average behavior but also evaluate their patterns of behavioral fluctuations across SJT items (i.e., “behavioral signatures”). We tested the idea that these behavioral signatures enhance the prediction of future behavior beyond mean level scores. Data were collected from 255 participants who completed a 110-item SJT, consisting of 22 items for a facet of each Big Five dimension respectively. Our findings suggest that, indeed, behavioral signatures of Openness to ideas (a facet of Openness to experience) explain unique variance in the prediction of final secondary grades in Math and German, as well as GPA.
{"title":"Evaluating the predictive validity of behavioral signatures in situational judgment tests","authors":"Theresa Leyens , Patrick Mussel , Johannes Hewig , Joeri Hofmans","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses behavioral signatures (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) in Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs), which provide the opportunity to not only capture individuals’ average behavior but also evaluate their patterns of behavioral fluctuations across SJT items (i.e., “behavioral signatures”). We tested the idea that these behavioral signatures enhance the prediction of future behavior beyond mean level scores. Data were collected from 255 participants who completed a 110-item SJT, consisting of 22 items for a facet of each Big Five dimension respectively. Our findings suggest that, indeed, behavioral signatures of Openness to ideas (a facet of Openness to experience) explain unique variance in the prediction of final secondary grades in Math and German, as well as GPA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104597
Eleanor J. Junkins , D.A. Briley , Brian G. Ogolsky , Jaime Derringer
Power dynamics are intrinsic to interpersonal interactions. Historically, researchers studied romantic relationship power dynamics in the context of man-woman dyads, potentially confounding gender and power effects. We examined the associations among relationship satisfaction, relationship power, and individual characteristics, including dimensional assessments of gender expression and other personality and sociodemographic characteristics. We performed secondary analyses in a dataset (N = 1,750) that was diverse with respect to gender identity, sexual orientation, and relationship structure. Using complementary nonparametric statistical approaches for interactions and multilevel group analysis, we estimated the extent to which associations among key relationship features and personal characteristics vary and account for effects within- versus between-groups. Despite negligible average estimates of moderation of associations between personality traits and relationship satisfaction by relationship power, moderation was more pronounced for certain groups at certain levels of relationship power. When looking at intersectional participant groupings, there was more variation in the association with relationship satisfaction between-groups when based on identity (gender, relationship-type, SGM, assigned sex at birth) than resource indicators (age, education, leadership, SES). The findings demonstrate that person characteristics play a complex role in romantic relationships. Nonlinear models allowing composite consideration of multiple identities and sociodemographic characteristics can reveal nuanced boundaries on associations between personality, relationship power, and relationship satisfaction.
{"title":"Registered Report Stage II: Does personality vary by relationship power? An investigation of satisfaction in diverse romantic partnerships","authors":"Eleanor J. Junkins , D.A. Briley , Brian G. Ogolsky , Jaime Derringer","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Power dynamics are intrinsic to interpersonal interactions. Historically, researchers studied romantic relationship power dynamics in the context of man-woman dyads, potentially confounding gender and power effects. We examined the associations among relationship satisfaction, relationship power, and individual characteristics, including dimensional assessments of gender expression and other personality and sociodemographic characteristics. We performed secondary analyses in a dataset (<em>N</em> = 1,750) that was diverse with respect to gender identity, sexual orientation, and relationship structure. Using complementary nonparametric statistical approaches for interactions and multilevel group analysis, we estimated the extent to which associations among key relationship features and personal characteristics vary and account for effects within- versus between-groups. Despite negligible average estimates of moderation of associations between personality traits and relationship satisfaction by relationship power, moderation was more pronounced for certain groups at certain levels of relationship power. When looking at intersectional participant groupings, there was more variation in the association with relationship satisfaction between-groups when based on identity (gender, relationship-type, SGM, assigned sex at birth) than resource indicators (age, education, leadership, SES). The findings demonstrate that person characteristics play a complex role in romantic relationships. Nonlinear models allowing composite consideration of multiple identities and sociodemographic characteristics can reveal nuanced boundaries on associations between personality, relationship power, and relationship satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104602
Marcus A. Harris, D. Betsy McCoach
The present study compared latent mixture modeling to machine learning classification algorithms using simulated data to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of alternative classification options for classifying individuals into a relatively low incidence (10%) personality profile. The population model specified that item responses were generated from five latent factors patterned after the Big Five. The simulation varied the number of indicators per factor, factor mean difference, factor variances, and residual item variances to evaluate ten classification techniques, including traditional and Bayesian latent class analysis (LCA), 2 class 90/10 proportion, and factor mixture models, classification trees, conditional inference trees, evolutionary trees, Ward’s hierarchical clustering, K-means, and K-medians techniques. Although classification trees generally outperformed the other techniques, none of the ten techniques resulted in high enough classification accuracy for diagnostic decision making. Classification methods with explanatory and predictive utility may not exhibit adequate diagnostic accuracy for individual decision making.
{"title":"Classify with caution: An illustrative example using mixture models and machine learning","authors":"Marcus A. Harris, D. Betsy McCoach","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study compared latent mixture modeling to machine learning classification algorithms using simulated data to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of alternative classification options for classifying individuals into a relatively low incidence (10%) personality profile. The population model specified that item responses were generated from five latent factors patterned after the Big Five. The simulation varied the number of indicators per factor, factor mean difference, factor variances, and residual item variances to evaluate ten classification techniques, including traditional and Bayesian latent class analysis (LCA), 2 class 90/10 proportion, and factor mixture models, classification trees, conditional inference trees, evolutionary trees, Ward’s hierarchical clustering, K-means, and K-medians techniques. Although classification trees generally outperformed the other techniques, none of the ten techniques resulted in high enough classification accuracy for diagnostic decision making. Classification methods with explanatory and predictive utility may not exhibit adequate diagnostic accuracy for individual decision making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104601
Patrick K. Durkee
Measuring personality traits requires that measurement methods align with intended measurands. There are two broad classes of personality trait measurands: 1) differences in patterns of behavior; and 2) differences in the underlying psychological generators of behavioral patterns. It is often unclear which of these potential measurands is the focus of a given research study, hindering evaluation of measure-measurand alignment. It is also unclear how well common measurement approaches can be expected to recover different measurands. To evaluate personality measure-measurand (mis)alignment, this study employs simulations examining the ability of different measurement approaches to recover different personality measurands. The simulations highlight challenges in capturing personality trait measurands and offer insight into assumptions researchers must explicate to bolster personality measure-measurand alignment.
{"title":"Measuring personality Traits:Simulations Exploring (Mis)Alignment between methods and measurands","authors":"Patrick K. Durkee","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measuring personality traits requires that measurement methods align with intended measurands. There are two broad classes of personality trait measurands: 1) differences in <em>patterns</em> of behavior; and 2) differences in the underlying psychological <em>generators</em> of behavioral patterns. It is often unclear which of these potential measurands is the focus of a given research study, hindering evaluation of measure-measurand alignment. It is also unclear how well common measurement approaches can be expected to recover different measurands. To evaluate personality measure-measurand (mis)alignment, this study employs simulations examining the ability of different measurement approaches to recover different personality measurands. The simulations highlight challenges in capturing personality trait measurands and offer insight into assumptions researchers must explicate to bolster personality measure-measurand alignment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104600
Nina Reinhardt , Simon Schindler
We hypothesized a positive correlation between HEXACO Honesty-Humility (H-H) and truth bias due to higher trustworthiness expectations for people higher in H-H. We also predicted that H-H and the correct classification of truthful and deceptive messages should be uncorrelated. In three high-powered online studies conducted via Prolific, we applied classical lie-truth detection tasks. An internal meta-analysis (N = 1,484) revealed no significant effect, neither for the H-H truth-bias link, nor for the H-H detection accuracy link. We discuss the shortcomings of the present set of studies and theoretical implications for future research on the relationship between personality traits and veracity judgments, focusing on the role of variability in different measurement paradigms.
{"title":"On the relationship between honesty-humility and truth-bias","authors":"Nina Reinhardt , Simon Schindler","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We hypothesized a positive correlation between HEXACO Honesty-Humility (H-H) and truth bias due to higher trustworthiness expectations for people higher in H-H. We also predicted that H-H and the correct classification of truthful and deceptive messages should be uncorrelated. In three high-powered online studies conducted via Prolific, we applied classical lie-truth detection tasks. An internal meta-analysis (<em>N</em> = 1,484) revealed no significant effect, neither for the H-H truth-bias link, nor for the H-H detection accuracy link. We discuss the shortcomings of the present set of studies and theoretical implications for future research on the relationship between personality traits and veracity judgments, focusing on the role of variability in different measurement paradigms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104596
Richard Rau , Louisa M. Schömann , Michael P. Grosz
Socially desirable responding can impair the validity of self-report questionnaires, especially in high-stakes situations in which people are incentivized to manage the impression they make on others. The current experiment examined the context dependency of impression management. Participants (N = 231) completed the Big Five Inventory-2 twice, first honestly and then with faking-good instructions in a job or dating context. Socially desirable responding was present in both contexts but was more pronounced in the job context than in the dating context for many (but not all) Big Five domains and facets. Future research should investigate whether faking behavior differs across contexts not only under faking-good instructions but also in high-stakes situations (e.g., personnel selection or online dating).
{"title":"People “fake-good” on personality self-reports more strongly in a job context than in a dating context","authors":"Richard Rau , Louisa M. Schömann , Michael P. Grosz","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Socially desirable responding can impair the validity of self-report questionnaires, especially in high-stakes situations in which people are incentivized to manage the impression they make on others. The current experiment examined the context dependency of impression management. Participants (<em>N</em> = 231) completed the Big Five Inventory-2 twice, first honestly and then with faking-good instructions in a job or dating context. Socially desirable responding was present in both contexts but was more pronounced in the job context than in the dating context for many (but not all) Big Five domains and facets. Future research should investigate whether faking behavior differs across contexts not only under faking-good instructions but also in high-stakes situations (e.g., personnel selection or online dating).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104599
Karol Konaszewski , Radosław Rogoza , Seweryn Nogalski , Maciej Karwowski
The aim of the study was to analyze the temporal relationship between psychological perceptions (i.e., situational DIAMONDS) of educational situations and aggressiveness among juveniles (N = 726) referred by the courts to educational and probation centers. Our two-wave analyses suggested that the relationships between aggressiveness and perceptions of the educational situation were not reciprocal. Specifically, we found that aggressiveness measured at Time 1 was positively related to perceptions of the situation as negative and deceiving at Time 2. In contrast, none of the eight DIAMONDS situation dimensions at T1 were related to aggressiveness at T2. The results show that aggressiveness can explain how juveniles define educational situations.
{"title":"Temporal relationship between perceptions of educational situations and aggressiveness among juveniles","authors":"Karol Konaszewski , Radosław Rogoza , Seweryn Nogalski , Maciej Karwowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the study was to analyze the temporal relationship between psychological perceptions (i.e., situational DIAMONDS) of educational situations and aggressiveness among juveniles (N = 726) referred by the courts to educational and probation centers. Our two-wave analyses suggested that the relationships between aggressiveness and perceptions of the educational situation were not reciprocal. Specifically, we found that aggressiveness measured at Time 1 was positively related to perceptions of the situation as negative and deceiving at Time 2. In contrast, none of the eight DIAMONDS situation dimensions at T1 were related to aggressiveness at T2. The results show that aggressiveness can explain how juveniles define educational situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104598
Katrina P. Jongman-Sereno , Jessica C. Reich , Richard S. Pond Jr. , Mark R. Leary
People who recognize that their viewpoints might be wrong – that is, people higher in intellectual humility (IH) – should fare better in conflicts with relationship partners than people lower in IH. Both members of 74 heterosexual couples (Mage = 32.2 years) completed measures of IH, relationship quality, how well they get along, self and partner behaviors during arguments, and perceptions of their partner’s motives. Couples in which partners were higher in IH fared better on some indices than couples in which partners were lower in IH. Men’s IH was related to their own as well as their partners’ relationship perceptions, whereas women’s IH was related only to their own perceptions. The results have implications for managing conflicts in romantic relationships.
{"title":"Intellectual humility in romantic relationships: Implications for relationship satisfaction, argument frequency, and conflict behaviors","authors":"Katrina P. Jongman-Sereno , Jessica C. Reich , Richard S. Pond Jr. , Mark R. Leary","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People who recognize that their viewpoints might be wrong – that is, people higher in intellectual humility (IH) – should fare better in conflicts with relationship partners than people lower in IH. Both members of 74 heterosexual couples (<em>M<sub>age</sub></em> = 32.2 years) completed measures of IH, relationship quality, how well they get along, self and partner behaviors during arguments, and perceptions of their partner’s motives. Couples in which partners were higher in IH fared better on some indices than couples in which partners were lower in IH. Men’s IH was related to their own as well as their partners’ relationship perceptions, whereas women’s IH was related only to their own perceptions. The results have implications for managing conflicts in romantic relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104589
Samantha Kszan, Michael A. Busseri
We examined the impact of viewing life satisfaction as changeable through effort versus fixed in nature (i.e., incremental vs. entity lay theory). In a preregistered experiment, 713 online participants (M age = 37.63 years; 53.9 % female) were randomly assigned to an incremental, entity, or control condition. Comparisons between conditions and correlational findings indicated that incremental (vs. entity) lay theories were associated with greater self-reported offset efficacy and stronger motivation, but also stronger onset responsibility, self-blame, and frustration. Notably, holding an incremental (vs. entity) lay theory was more strongly linked to desirable than undesirable outcomes. Nonetheless, this study reveals both costs and benefits of holding incremental and entity lay theories of life satisfaction.
{"title":"Examining the costs and benefits to lay theories of life satisfaction: A Double-edged sword perspective","authors":"Samantha Kszan, Michael A. Busseri","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the impact of viewing life satisfaction as changeable through effort versus fixed in nature (i.e., incremental vs. entity lay theory). In a preregistered experiment, 713 online participants (<em>M</em> age = 37.63 years; 53.9 % female) were randomly assigned to an incremental, entity, or control condition. Comparisons between conditions and correlational findings indicated that incremental (vs. entity) lay theories were associated with greater self-reported offset efficacy and stronger motivation, but also stronger onset responsibility, self-blame, and frustration. Notably, holding an incremental (vs. entity) lay theory was more strongly linked to desirable than undesirable outcomes. Nonetheless, this study reveals both costs and benefits of holding incremental and entity lay theories of life satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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