Journal of Research in Personality最新文献

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Dark and Blue: A meta-analysis of the relationship between Dark Triad and depressive symptoms 深色与蓝色：深色人格特质与抑郁症状关系的荟萃分析

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104553

Chunwei Lyu , Danna Xu , Guo Chen

Certain personality traits and depression formation are closely related, but when exploring the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms, researchers have paid little attention to dark personality traits. Although current studies have explored the correlations between the dark triad and depressive symptoms, different findings have been provided. This study conducted a meta-analysis that included 31 studies involving 15,567 participants. The results indicated that both psychopathy and machiavellianism had significant positive correlations with depressive symptoms, while the correlation between narcissism and depressive symptoms was not significant. In addition, this correlation varies due to the different instruments. Psychologists and healthcare professionals need to take into account the important role of the dark triad traits when identifying, preventing, and treating depressive symptoms.

某些人格特质与抑郁症的形成密切相关，但在探索人格特质与抑郁症状之间的关系时，研究者很少关注黑暗人格特质。虽然目前的研究已经探索了黑暗三联症和抑郁症状之间的相关性，但也有不同的发现。这项研究进行了一项荟萃分析，包括31项研究，涉及15567名参与者。结果表明，精神变态和马基雅维利主义与抑郁症状均有显著正相关，自恋与抑郁症状的相关不显著。此外，这种相关性因仪器的不同而不同。心理学家和医疗保健专业人员在识别、预防和治疗抑郁症状时需要考虑到黑暗三合一特征的重要作用。

引用次数: 0

Why does Creativity Foster Well-Being? Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness during Everyday Creative Activities 创造力为何能促进幸福？日常创意活动中的自主性、能力和关联性

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104552

Henry Putney , Sarah Silver , Paul J. Silvia , Alexander P. Christensen , Katherine N. Cotter

The study of creativity in daily life explores creativity as it happens. A consistent finding is that engaging in creative activities predicts greater positive emotions, particularly for activated positive states. To understand why creative activity might foster well-being, we turned to self-determination theory’s (SDT) organismic needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We conducted a seven-day experience sampling study of 125 university students, many majoring in creative fields. We asked about current creative activity, emotional state, and experience of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. At the within-person level, all three needs significantly mediated the relationship between doing something creative and increased positive emotion and reduced negative emotion, with the most consistent effects for high arousal positive emotion and low arousal negative emotion.

日常生活中的创造力研究探讨的是创造力发生时的情况。一个一致的发现是，参与创造性活动可以预示更多的积极情绪，尤其是激活的积极状态。为了理解为什么创造性活动可以促进幸福感，我们转向了自我决定理论（SDT）的有机需求--自主性、能力和相关性。我们对 125 名大学生进行了为期七天的体验取样研究，其中许多人主修创意领域。我们询问了他们当前的创造性活动、情绪状态以及自主性、能力和相关性的体验。在个人层面上，所有这三种需求都对创造性活动与积极情绪增加和消极情绪减少之间的关系起到了显著的中介作用，其中对高唤醒积极情绪和低唤醒消极情绪的影响最为一致。

引用次数: 0

Comparability of personality facets between men and women: A test of measurement invariance in IPIP-NEO facets in 49 countries 男女人格特征的可比性：49 个国家的 IPIP-NEO 面相测量不变性测试

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104551

Tim Temizyürek , George B. Richardson , Gillian R. Brown

Identifying whether men and women differ in their personalities, and whether such differences are robust across populations, requires researchers to consider measurement invariance (MI) when comparing between groups. Here, we examined thirty facets of the 120-item IPIP-NEO personality measure between genders (49 countries, N = 831,849). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) revealed that only about half of the facets exhibited robust factor structure within each gender. Based on multi-group CFAs, some facets consistently exhibited scalar MI between the genders in the majority of countries, whereas others reached this MI level in few, or zero, countries. These findings suggest that caution is warranted when comparing personality between genders in cross-cultural datasets and that such comparisons might be more appropriate for some facets than others.

要确定男性和女性在性格上是否存在差异，以及这种差异在不同人群中是否具有稳健性，就要求研究人员在对不同群体进行比较时考虑测量不变量（MI）。在此，我们对 120 项 IPIP-NEO 人格测量的 30 个方面进行了性别间比较（49 个国家，N = 831 849）。确认性因子分析（CFA）显示，在每个性别中，只有约一半的面表现出稳健的因子结构。根据多组因素分析，有些方面在大多数国家的性别间持续表现出标度 MI，而其他方面则在少数国家或零个国家达到这一 MI 水平。这些研究结果表明，在跨文化数据集中比较不同性别的人格时需要谨慎，而且这种比较可能更适合某些方面。

引用次数: 0

Exploring the dynamics of volitional personality change: A psychoeducational intervention study with young adults transitioning to the workforce 探索意志性人格改变的动力：一项针对年轻人向劳动力过渡的心理教育干预研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104549

Erica Baranski , Ramona L. Martinez , Zihan Liu , Kevin Hoff

College graduates transitioning to the workforce completed a 13-week, light, psychoeducation intervention designed to increase volitional personality change motivation via weekly email newsletters. Contrary to expectations, the intervention did not significantly enhance overall change motivation or consistently inspire desired trait change goals following the study period or after 6 or 10 months. However, participants in the intervention group did report increased desire to change emotional stability at specific points during the study. These findings underscore the limitations of this particular psychoeducational intervention approach and help to fill in the boundary conditions of when and how personality change is possible. Additionally, using pre-registered analyses, we successfully replicated key findings in volitional personality change literature, effectively laying a foundation for future research.

即将进入职场的大学毕业生完成了一项为期13周的轻度心理教育干预，目的是通过每周发送电子邮件来提高他们改变个性的动机。与预期相反，在研究期间或6个月或10个月后，干预并没有显著增强整体改变动机或持续激发期望的特质改变目标。然而，干预组的参与者确实报告说，在研究期间的特定时刻，改变情绪稳定性的愿望有所增加。这些发现强调了这种特殊的心理教育干预方法的局限性，并有助于填补人格改变何时以及如何成为可能的边界条件。此外，使用预注册分析，我们成功地复制了意志人格改变文献中的关键发现，有效地为未来的研究奠定了基础。

引用次数: 0

The dynamic relationship between state extraversion and the subjectively perceived situational sociality in continuous time 连续时间内状态外向性与主观感知的情景社会性之间的动态关系

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104550

Gaja Zager Kocjan , Gregor Sočan , Vesna Buško , Andreja Avsec

This study examined the dynamic interplay between extraversion and subjectively perceived sociality of situations using continuous-time dynamic modeling. In a week-long experience sampling study, we collected 4,694 reports of state extraversion and perceived sociality from a sample of university students. Results showed that changes in state extraversion lasted longer and took longer to return to baseline than changes in perceived sociality. Increases in state extraversion predicted subsequent increases in perceived sociality, whereas increases in perceived sociality predicted subsequent decreases in state extraversion. Cross-lagged effects reached their maximum at 1.5 h lag. The negative cross-lagged effect of sociality on state extraversion suggests a compensatory mechanism of temporal reduction of extraverted behavior in an effort to balance the level of social engagement.

本研究利用连续时间动态模型研究了外向性与主观感知的情境社交性之间的动态相互作用。在为期一周的经验取样研究中，我们从大学生样本中收集了 4,694 份关于状态外向性和感知社会性的报告。结果表明，与感知社会性的变化相比，状态外向性的变化持续时间更长，恢复到基线的时间也更长。状态外向性的增加预示着感知社会性的随后增加，而感知社会性的增加预示着状态外向性的随后减少。交叉滞后效应在滞后 1.5 小时时达到最大值。社会性对状态外向性的负交叉滞后效应表明，为了平衡社会参与水平，外向行为的时间性减少是一种补偿机制。

引用次数: 0

“High empathic response but low interest”: Machiavellianism and its neurostructural basis relate to perceived risk of social exclusion and workplace deviance "高共鸣反应但低兴趣"：马基雅维利主义及其神经结构基础与感知到的社会排斥和职场偏差风险有关

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104548

Han Ren , Zhehao Liu , Zhengqiang Zhong , Song Wang

The manipulative, exploitative, and indifferent behavior of individuals with high scores on the trait of Machiavellianism attracts research interest in their cognitive and affective emphathic skills; however, the findings are contradictory. We explored the neurostructural substrates of Machiavellianism using voxel-based morphometry analysis with a large sample of 202 full-time employees. Consistent with our expectation, the association of Machiavellianism and its neurostructural basis with the perceived risk of social exclusion were supported whereas that with workplace deviance were not fully supported; the results only showed a significant relationship between Machiavellianism and organizational deviance at the trait level. Our results together provide novel insights into Machiavellianism by highlighting the perspective of “High empathic response but low interest”; namely, individuals with high Machiavellianism possess affective empathic capacity, but they do not care about others.

马基雅维利主义特质高分者的操纵、剥削和冷漠行为引起了对其认知和情感移情技能的研究兴趣；然而，研究结果却相互矛盾。我们通过对 202 名全职员工的大样本进行体素形态计量分析，探索了马基雅维利主义的神经结构基质。与我们的预期一致，马基雅维利主义及其神经结构基础与感知到的社会排斥风险之间的关联得到了支持，而与工作场所偏差之间的关联则未得到完全支持；结果仅显示马基雅维利主义与组织偏差之间在特质水平上存在显著关系。我们的研究结果通过强调 "高共情反应但低兴趣 "的观点，即高马基雅维利主义的个体拥有情感共情能力，但他们并不关心他人，从而为马基雅维利主义提供了新的见解。

引用次数: 0

Incremental relations between self-understanding and social functioning beyond personality traits in young adults 青少年人格特质之外的自我认识与社会功能之间的递增关系

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104546

Lennart Kiel , Majse Lind , Adam T. Nissen , Wiebke Bleidorn , Christopher J. Hopwood

Personality traits are well-established predictors of social functioning, but contemporary models of personality distinguish between personality traits and self-understanding, including reflecting on one’s mental states and the degree of coherence in the self-concept. This study examined whether self-understanding serves as a unique predictor of social functioning beyond personality traits. Additionally, it was explored whether self-understanding moderated the association between traits and social functioning. Participants (n = 859) completed measures on reflective functioning, self-concept clarity, personality traits, and social functioning. Self-Concept Clarity, Extraversion and Agreeableness, had significant, incremental effects on social functioning. Interaction effects were not significant. Results suggests that the ability to root experience in a coherent self-understanding provides valuable information about individual differences in social functioning.

人格特质是预测社会功能的公认指标，但当代人格模型区分了人格特质和自我理解，包括反思自己的心理状态和自我概念的一致性程度。本研究探讨了自我理解是否是人格特质之外的一种独特的社会功能预测因素。此外，研究还探讨了自我理解是否会调节性格特征与社会功能之间的关联。参与者（n = 859）完成了关于反思功能、自我概念清晰度、人格特质和社会功能的测量。自我概念清晰度、外向性和宜人性对社会功能有显著的递增效应。交互效应不明显。研究结果表明，将经验植根于连贯的自我理解中的能力为社会功能的个体差异提供了有价值的信息。

引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural evidence for an association between agreeableness and sweet taste preferences 认同感与甜味偏好之间关联的跨文化证据

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104547

Brian P. Meier , Michael Schaefer , Li-Jun Ji , Carlota Batres

Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. This association may be due to conceptual metaphors (a “sweetie”) that link sweet taste experiences to niceness. We examined the replicability and cross-cultural consistency of this effect in four samples from different countries (China, Germany, Mexico, & the U.S.). Participants (N = 1,629) completed a measure of agreeableness and two measures of sweet taste preferences. We found that agreeableness was significantly and positively correlated with two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all four samples with small effect sizes (rs = 0.10 to 18). The association between agreeableness and a sweet taste preference appears replicable and occurring across cultures at least in the samples studied.

研究表明，对甜食的偏好与合群性有关。这种关联可能是由于概念隐喻（"甜食"）将甜味体验与好感联系起来。我们在四个不同国家（中国、德国、墨西哥、& 美国）的样本中研究了这种效应的可复制性和跨文化一致性。参与者（1,629 人）完成了一项合意度测量和两项甜味偏好测量。我们发现，在所有四个样本中，合意度与甜味偏好的两种不同测量结果均呈显著正相关，且影响大小较小（rs = 0.10 至 18）。至少在所研究的样本中，宜人性与甜味偏好之间的关联似乎可以在不同文化中复制和发生。

引用次数: 0

Personality Traits and Narrative Identity: Changes in Mid-Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood in Relation to Well-Being 人格特质与叙事身份：中青春期到成年期的变化与幸福的关系

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104545

Sean Marshall , Millie Rea , Elaine Reese

Limited research addresses personality shifts from mid-adolescence to emerging adulthood, alongside well-being. This study analysed Big Five trait and narrative identity change (thematic coherence, causal coherence, resolution valence in turning point narratives) across 111 individuals (46.8% female) aged 15-16 who were reassessed at age 21. Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion decreased with age; thematic coherence and causal coherence increased. Traits and narrative identity were largely distinct dimensions of personality at both ages. Controlling for traits, narrative identity (negative resolution valence) in mid-adolescence uniquely predicted well-being (higher depression and lower self-esteem) in emerging adulthood. Findings suggest distinct trait and narrative identity trajectories in conjunction with youth well-being.

有关从青春期中期到成年期人格转变以及幸福感的研究十分有限。本研究分析了 111 名 15-16 岁、在 21 岁时接受重新评估的个体（46.8% 为女性）的大五特征和叙事身份变化（转折点叙事中的主题一致性、因果一致性和解决情绪）。随着年龄的增长，神经质、自觉性和外向性有所下降；主题一致性和因果一致性有所上升。在这两个年龄段，特质和叙事认同在很大程度上是不同的人格维度。在控制特质的前提下，青春期中期的叙事认同（消极的解决情绪）能独特地预测成年后的幸福感（更高的抑郁和更低的自尊）。研究结果表明，特质和叙事认同的不同轨迹与青少年的幸福感密切相关。

引用次数: 0

Does insecurity lead to envy? The longitudinal interplay between dispositional envy and self-esteem 不安全感会导致嫉妒吗？倾向性嫉妒与自尊之间的纵向相互作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104543

Elina Erz , Katrin Rentzsch

Despite evidence of a close, cross-sectional association between dispositional envy and low self-esteem, there is no research on the mutual development of these two constructs across time. The aim of the present research was to systematically investigate correlated change and prospective effects between dispositional envy and self-esteem at the global level and within comparison domains. In two preregistered longitudinal studies across 6 years (N_total > 7,000 adult participants), change in dispositional envy was negatively correlated with concurrent self-esteem change at the global level and within domains. Moreover, we found preliminary evidence that self-esteem predicted later change in dispositional envy but not vice versa. Our findings illustrate that the development of dispositional envy is closely intertwined with self-esteem development.

尽管有证据表明，倾向性嫉妒与自卑之间存在着密切的横向联系，但目前还没有关于这两个概念在不同时期相互发展的研究。本研究的目的是系统地调查性格嫉妒和自尊之间在整体水平和比较领域内的相关变化和前瞻性影响。在两项历时 6 年的预先登记纵向研究（总计 7000 名成年参与者）中，在整体水平和领域内，倾向性嫉妒的变化与同时发生的自尊变化呈负相关。此外，我们还发现有初步证据表明，自尊能预测性格嫉妒的后期变化，但反之亦然。我们的研究结果表明，倾向性嫉妒的发展与自尊的发展密切相关。

引用次数: 0

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