Journal of Research in Personality最新文献

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Temporal mood dynamics and individual heterogeneity: a computational framework for human-environment affective dynamics 时间情绪动态和个体异质性：人-环境情感动态的计算框架

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104703

Senqi Yang , Gamze Dane , Theo Arentze

Affective states during environmental experiences are dynamic, yet often studied as static outcomes. This study develops a computational framework to model mood evolution in human-environment interactions while accounting for individual heterogeneity. In an experiment with 213 adults viewing simulated urban walking environments, we applied a nonlinear mood updating model and latent class modeling to examine temporal dynamics along the Pleasure–Arousal–Dominance dimensions. Results indicated moderately stable updating for pleasure, limited change for arousal, and comparatively higher reactivity for dominance. Baseline mood remained the strongest predictor of final mood states, while personality traits, gender, and environmental familiarity accounted for additional individual differences. These findings advance understanding of context-dependent affective dynamics and their links to personal characteristics in everyday environmental experiences.

环境体验中的情感状态是动态的，但通常作为静态结果进行研究。本研究开发了一个计算框架来模拟人类与环境相互作用中的情绪演变，同时考虑到个体异质性。在213名成年人观看模拟城市步行环境的实验中，我们应用非线性情绪更新模型和潜在类别模型来研究快乐-觉醒-优势维度的时间动态。结果表明，愉悦感的更新较为稳定，兴奋感的变化有限，而支配感的反应性相对较高。基线情绪仍然是最终情绪状态的最强预测因子，而人格特征、性别和环境熟悉度则是额外的个体差异。这些发现促进了对情境依赖的情感动态及其与日常环境经验中个人特征的联系的理解。

引用次数: 0

The effects of specific and common variance on test–retest and self-other correlations: Another perspective on personality nuances 特定方差和共同方差对重测和自我-他人相关性的影响：人格细微差别的另一个视角

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2026.104704

Jüri Allik , Samuel J. Henry , Reinout E. de Vries

To explain why the test–retest correlation of a personality measure can exceed its internal reliability, McCrae (2015) proposed that specific variance provides additional reliable information beyond common variance, which he termed personality nuances. Although the definition of nuances as specific variance was later replaced by narrow personality traits measured using a few items, this study laid the foundation for the personality nuances research field. After analyzing the shortcomings of the method of residuals and returning to statistically sound definitions of common and specific variance, we found that the common variance in the facet subscales was nearly double that of the specific variance. At the domain level, the proportion of common variance’s impact was up to nine times greater than that of specific variance, as indicated by their Cronbach alphas. Nevertheless, the specific variance had a much more significant impact on the strength of test–retest correlations and self-other agreement. Therefore, specific variance can be seen as a fundamental unit of personality and its assessment, despite test constructors’ efforts to maximize the amount of common variance in their scales.

为了解释为什么人格测量的测试-重测相关性可以超过其内部信度，麦克雷（2015）提出，特定方差提供了超越共同方差的额外可靠信息，他称之为人格细微差别。虽然细微差别作为特定方差的定义后来被使用几个项目测量的狭窄人格特征所取代，但该研究为人格细微差别研究领域奠定了基础。在分析残差法的缺点并回归到统计上合理的共同方差和特定方差定义之后，我们发现facet子尺度中的共同方差几乎是特定方差的两倍。在域水平上，共同方差的影响比例高达特定方差的影响比例的9倍，如他们的Cronbach alpha所示。然而，特定方差对测试-再测试相关性和自我-他人一致性的强度有更显著的影响。因此，特定方差可以被看作是人格及其评估的基本单位，尽管测试构建者努力在他们的量表中最大化共同方差的数量。

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引用次数: 0

Applying game theory and interpersonal circumplex models to evaluations of outcomes of dyadic disagreements 运用博弈论和人际循环模型评估二元分歧的结果

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104691

Kenneth D. Locke

Two studies integrated personality and game theory models to elucidate how people approach disagreements. Four potential outcomes of dyadic disagreements are Yielding (only self makes concessions), Dominating (only partner makes concessions), Compromising (both make concessions), and Clashing (neither makes concessions). Participants (N = 725) evaluated each outcome’s expected payoff in hypothetical disagreements from the Evaluations of Disagreement Outcomes Scales and real disagreements from their everyday lives. They also completed interpersonal circumplex measures of values and problems. More communal and less agentic values or problems—that prioritize mutuality and harmony over gaining advantage—predicted evaluating compromising and yielding more positively and clashing more negatively. Evolutionary game theory simulations showed how these interpersonal and evaluative dispositions can dynamically shape the outcomes of disagreement interactions.

两项研究综合了人格和博弈论模型来阐明人们如何处理分歧。二元分歧的四种潜在结果是屈服（只有自己做出让步），支配（只有伴侣做出让步），妥协（双方都做出让步）和冲突（双方都不做出让步）。参与者（N = 725）评估了来自分歧结果评估量表的假设分歧和来自日常生活的实际分歧中每个结果的预期回报。他们还完成了价值观和问题的人际循环测量。更多的群体价值和更少的代理价值或问题——优先考虑互惠和和谐而不是获得优势——预示着更积极地评估妥协和让步，而更消极地评估冲突。进化博弈论模拟显示了这些人际关系和评估倾向如何动态地塑造分歧互动的结果。

引用次数: 0

The emotional complexity of musical experiences: Cultural and individual factors 音乐体验的情感复杂性：文化和个人因素

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104693

Margarida Baltazar, Iballa Burunat, Suvi Saarikallio

We investigated emotional complexity (i.e., co-occurrence of positive and negative emotions) in musical experiences and its shaping by personality, age, cultural orientation, and music’s functionality. Participants (N = 2137) from 84 countries provided one musical piece, rated induced emotions, and reported frequency of music functions. Emotional complexity was positively predicted by vertical (i.e., hierarchical) individualism and the functions of diversion, identity, memories, and feeling the music’s emotions, whereas it was negatively predicted by age, conscientiousness, emotional stability, horizontal (i.e., egalitarian) individualism, and the function of self-regulation. Crucially, the effect of individualism was fully explained by musical functions, while partial mediations were found in the case of age and emotional stability. Results highlight the relevance of music’s functions in understanding the emotional experience.

我们研究了音乐体验中的情感复杂性（即积极情绪和消极情绪的共同出现）及其受个性、年龄、文化取向和音乐功能的影响。来自84个国家的参与者（N = 2137）提供一段音乐，评估诱发情绪，并报告音乐功能的频率。纵向（即等级）个人主义和转移、身份、记忆和感受音乐情绪的功能对情绪复杂性有正向预测作用，而年龄、责任心、情绪稳定性、横向（即平等主义）个人主义和自我调节功能对情绪复杂性有负向预测作用。至关重要的是，音乐功能完全解释了个人主义的影响，而在年龄和情绪稳定性方面发现了部分中介作用。研究结果强调了音乐在理解情感体验方面的作用。

引用次数: 0

Comparing machine learning methods for predicting dark triad personality traits using social media text data 比较使用社交媒体文本数据预测黑暗人格特质的机器学习方法

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690

Maxim Leberecht , Andre Nedderhoff , Steffen Zitzmann , Martin Hecht

The Dark Triad (DT) personality traits, characterized by manipulativeness, callousness, and egocentrism, are linked to both negative outcomes such as aggression and delinquency, as well as positive outcomes like career success. This study aims to compare different machine learning models for predicting DT traits − Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy − using social media text data from Facebook status updates and personality questionnaires. Various machine learning models were evaluated. Across traits, Random Forest achieved the lowest RMSE, outperforming most other models, followed by Support Vector Machines and Gaussian Processes. Bias was similar across all models. These findings highlight the potential of social media data to offer insights into users’ personalities and carry methodological implications for future research on personality assessments.

以控制欲强、冷酷无情和自我中心为特征的黑暗人格特质，与攻击性和犯罪等负面结果以及职业成功等积极结果都有联系。本研究旨在比较不同的机器学习模型预测DT特征——自恋、马基雅维利主义和精神病——使用来自Facebook状态更新和人格问卷的社交媒体文本数据。评估了各种机器学习模型。在所有特征中，随机森林的RMSE最低，优于大多数其他模型，其次是支持向量机和高斯过程。所有模型的偏差相似。这些发现强调了社交媒体数据在洞察用户性格方面的潜力，并为未来的性格评估研究提供了方法上的启示。

引用次数: 0

Investigating corroboration on the Stress-Related Growth Scale-Revised among romantic partners☆☆ 恋人压力相关成长量表（修订）的调查佐证☆☆

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104692

Jamieson Nathan , Adriel Boals , Eranda Jayawickreme

The construct validity of self-reports of perceived posttraumatic growth (PTG) has been questioned in recent years. One response has been to modify standard assessments to improve their validity. The Stress-Related Growth Scale-Revised (SRGS-R) employs a bidirectional response scale to reduce wording biases and demand characteristics inherent in conventional PTG measures. This study examined its construct validity using agreement between self and informant ratings in 184 romantic couples. Results showed moderate trait-level agreement, consistent with preregistered expectations. Convergence modestly exceeded prior studies of PTG, though the difference should be interpreted with caution.

近年来，创伤后成长自我报告的结构效度一直受到质疑。一种回应是修改标准评估以提高其有效性。压力相关增长量表修订版（SRGS-R）采用双向反应量表来减少传统PTG测量中固有的措辞偏差和需求特征。本研究通过对184对恋人的自我评价和被调查者评价的一致性来检验其结构效度。结果显示适度的特质水平一致，与预先注册的期望一致。收敛适度超过了先前的PTG研究，尽管差异应谨慎解释。

引用次数: 0

Trait activation in daily life: Comparing two perspectives on person-situation interactions 日常生活中的特质激活：比较人-情境互动的两种观点

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104689

Ranran Li , Isabel Thielmann , Daniel Balliet , Reinout E. de Vries

Trait activation theory posits that personality traits are expressed when trait-relevant situational cues—affordances—are present. While prior work has primarily examined how situational affordances moderate trait–behavior associations (an affordance-gradient perspective), comparatively less attention has been given to how multiple traits are differentially activated within affordance-relevant situations (an affordance-configured perspective), especially in ecologically valid settings. We addressed this gap using a retrospective diary design with 224 respondents (N_diary = 448), combining self- and independently rated assessments of situational affordances and behavioral expressions. Consistent with the affordance-configured perspective, traits showed stronger associations with behavior in affordance-relevant situations relative to other traits. In contrast, interaction effects for the affordance-gradient perspective were mostly absent. These findings extend trait activation theory to everyday life and underscore the value of situational affordances for understanding personality expression.

特质激活理论认为，当与特质相关的情境线索——可得性——存在时，人格特质就会被表达出来。虽然先前的工作主要是研究情景可得性如何调节特质-行为关联（可得性梯度视角），但相对而言，较少关注在可得性相关情境（可得性配置视角）中，尤其是在生态有效的环境中，多重特质是如何被不同地激活的。我们通过对224名受访者（Ndiary = 448）的回顾性日记设计来解决这一差距，结合了对情景可视性和行为表达的自我和独立评级评估。与可得性配置的观点一致，在可得性相关情境中，特质与行为的关联比其他特质更强。相比之下，可视性梯度视角下的交互效应基本不存在。这些发现将特质激活理论扩展到日常生活中，并强调了情境支持对理解人格表达的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Patiently waiting: The role of trait patience during stressful waiting periods 耐心等待：耐心特质在压力等待期的作用

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104681

Kate Sweeny , Sarah A. Schnitker

This investigation tests whether people higher in trait patience navigate stressful waiting periods with greater emotional well-being and less maladaptive coping. In one exploratory study (N = 799) and three conceptual replications (Ns = 217, 410, 411), undergraduates completed a baseline survey assessing trait patience before entering a laboratory paradigm where they experienced uncertainty while awaiting feedback on their intelligence (Study 1), social skills (Study 2), health risk (Study 3), and attractiveness (Study 4). Participants completed measures of worry, positive and negative emotion, distraction, and suppression during the wait. Mini meta-analysis findings show that patient people worry less and feel less negative and more positive emotion when waiting for personally-relevant news, while avoiding the relatively maladaptive coping strategies of distraction and suppression, with the strongest associations emerging for positive emotion.

这项调查测试了耐性更高的人是否能以更大的情绪幸福感和更少的适应不良应对来度过压力等待期。在一项探索性研究（N = 799）和三项概念性重复研究（N = 217、410和411）中，本科生在进入实验室范式之前完成了一项评估特质耐心的基线调查，在实验室范式中，他们在等待智力（研究1）、社交技能（研究2）、健康风险（研究3）和吸引力（研究4）方面的反馈时经历了不确定性。在等待期间，参与者完成了焦虑、积极和消极情绪、分心和压抑的测试。迷你荟萃分析结果显示，患者在等待与个人相关的新闻时，焦虑减少，消极情绪减少，积极情绪增加，同时避免了相对不适应的分心和抑制应对策略，积极情绪的关联最强。

引用次数: 0

Automated item generation for personality assessment: development and validation of large-language-model-derived HEXACO situational judgment tests 自动项目生成人格评估：开发和验证大语言模型衍生的HEXACO情景判断测试

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104680

Zhaohui Zhang , Zhuoran Tu , Yulei Chen , Xiyao Xiao , Yi Feng , Wen Zhang

Traditional personality assessment struggles to capture behavior across contexts. Though HEXACO provides a broad framework, creating HEXACO-based Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) is resource-intensive due to expert-developed items. Large language models (LLMs) offer scalable, less biased generation of theory-aligned SJT items. This study evaluates whether LLMs can produce HEXACO items with psychometric quality on par with expert-crafted ones. Across three studies, we compared LLM-generated and expert-created items through review and a human-subject test (N = 227), assessing reliability, validity, and response quality. Results show LLM items match expert items in internal consistency and convergent validity with HEXACO scales. These findings highlight LLMs as a cost-effective, scalable approach to psychometric instrument development and adaptive assessment.

传统的人格评估难以捕捉跨环境的行为。尽管HEXACO提供了一个广泛的框架，但创建基于HEXACO的情境判断测试（sjt）由于需要专家开发项目，需要大量资源。大型语言模型（llm）提供可伸缩的、较少偏差的生成与理论一致的SJT项目。本研究评估llm是否可以制作出与专家制作的具有同等心理测量质量的HEXACO项目。在三项研究中，我们通过回顾和人类受试者测试（N = 227）比较了法学硕士生成的和专家创建的项目，评估了信度、效度和反应质量。结果表明，LLM项目在内部一致性和收敛效度上与HEXACO量表的专家项目相匹配。这些发现强调llm是一种具有成本效益，可扩展的心理测量工具开发和适应性评估方法。

引用次数: 0

Basic dimensions of leader personality: a lexical study in Hebrew 领导人格的基本维度：希伯来语词汇研究

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Research in Personality

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104679

Noam S. Keshet , Shaul Oreg , Yair Berson , Marcella A.M.G. Hoogeboom , Reinout E. de Vries

Traditional trait-based leadership research relies on generic personality models, overlooking the context-specific nature of personality. We used the lexical approach to develop a leadership-focused personality taxonomy. We identified 199 adjectives for describing leaders (Study 1) and factor analyzed leaders’ (Study 2, N = 402) and followers’ (Study 3, N = 421) ratings of these adjectives. Analyses revealed five dimensions shared across groups, closely related to, yet distinct from the Big Five and HEXACO factors: Energy, Psychopathy, Organization, Irritability, and Intellect. Two follower-specific dimensions—Supportiveness and Weakness—also emerged. Relationships with the Big Five, HEXACO, and leadership criteria supported construct and concurrent validity. Study 4 replicated the structure in samples of military (N = 226) and religious (N = 202) leaders.

传统的基于特质的领导力研究依赖于一般的人格模型，忽视了人格的情境特异性。我们使用词汇法来开发一种以领导力为中心的人格分类法。我们确定了199个描述领导者的形容词（研究1），并对领导者（研究2，N = 402）和追随者（研究3，N = 421）对这些形容词的评价进行了因子分析。分析揭示了群体共有的五个维度，它们与五大因素和HEXACO因素密切相关，但又截然不同：能量、精神病、组织、易怒和智力。此外，还出现了两个特定于追随者的维度——支持性和弱点。与大五、HEXACO和领导标准的关系支持构念和并发效度。研究4在军事（226）和宗教（202）领导人的样本中复制了这种结构。

引用次数: 0

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Journal of Research in Personality

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