Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104649
Joshua D. Foster , Joost M. Leunissen , Barbara Nevicka , Constantine Sedikides
Grandiose narcissists claim to be highly persuasive, and they possess characteristics (e.g., charisma, confidence) that might make them so. We report four studies that put their claims to the test. One study focused on spoken persuasion and three on written persuasion (N = 872 speakers/writers and 987 targets who rated persuasiveness). In all four studies, narcissistic speakers/writers claimed that their speeches/essays would be persuasive. However, whereas targets rated their speeches as relatively persuasive (Study 1), they rated their essays as relatively unpersuasive (Studies 2A–C). Differences between study samples and methods preclude direct comparisons between communication modalities. Nevertheless, the results offer a proof of concept that narcissists may not be as persuasive as they think they are, especially when writing.
{"title":"Silver tongues, plastic pens: modality-dependent persuasiveness in narcissists","authors":"Joshua D. Foster , Joost M. Leunissen , Barbara Nevicka , Constantine Sedikides","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grandiose narcissists claim to be highly persuasive, and they possess characteristics (e.g., charisma, confidence) that might make them so. We report four studies that put their claims to the test. One study focused on spoken persuasion and three on written persuasion (<em>N</em> = 872 speakers/writers and 987 targets who rated persuasiveness). In all four studies, narcissistic speakers/writers claimed that their speeches/essays would be persuasive. However, whereas targets rated their speeches as relatively persuasive (Study 1), they rated their essays as relatively unpersuasive (Studies 2A–C). Differences between study samples and methods preclude direct comparisons between communication modalities. Nevertheless, the results offer a proof of concept that narcissists may not be as persuasive as they think they are, especially when writing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104652
Robert J. Ridder , Charlotte V.O. Witvliet , Hiroki Matsuo , Juliette L. Ratchford , Karen K. Melton , Perry L. Glanzer , Sarah A. Schnitker
Research shows welcoming accountability and a related construct, personal responsibility, are relevant for goal pursuit, but whether they contribute to future satisfaction with goal pursuit progress remains unstudied. This longitudinal investigation examined the pursuit of self-identified goals in 893 students attending 14 US universities across 4 timepoints spanning 2 years using multi-level random-intercepts cross-lagged panel modeling. Between-persons, welcoming accountability, personal responsibility, and goal progress satisfaction were positively associated. At the within-person goal-level, welcoming accountability and personal responsibility predicted higher subsequent levels of each other. However, satisfaction with goal progress only predicted subsequent welcoming accountability. This cybernetic approach to studying welcoming accountability in goal pursuit advances personality science and accountability theory.
{"title":"Pursuing personal goals: temporal associations of welcoming accountability, personal responsibility, and progress satisfaction","authors":"Robert J. Ridder , Charlotte V.O. Witvliet , Hiroki Matsuo , Juliette L. Ratchford , Karen K. Melton , Perry L. Glanzer , Sarah A. Schnitker","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research shows welcoming accountability and a related construct, personal responsibility, are relevant for goal pursuit, but whether they contribute to future satisfaction with goal pursuit progress remains unstudied. This longitudinal investigation examined the pursuit of self-identified goals in 893 students attending 14 US universities across 4 timepoints spanning 2 years using multi-level random-intercepts cross-lagged panel modeling. Between-persons, welcoming accountability, personal responsibility, and goal progress satisfaction were positively associated. At the within-person goal-level, welcoming accountability and personal responsibility predicted higher subsequent levels of each other. However, satisfaction with goal progress only predicted subsequent welcoming accountability. This cybernetic approach to studying welcoming accountability in goal pursuit advances personality science and accountability theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104671
Breanna E. Atkinson, Erin A. Heerey
The personality trait, narcissism, is characterized by grandiosity, entitlement, and a heightened drive for social status. Narcissism may therefore influence how people appraise status-relevant social cues. Study 1 examined affective appraisals of status-relevant cues (e.g., “boss”, “assistant”) using an implicit appraisal task. Contrary to expectations, narcissism failed to moderate task performance for stimuli associated with existing social ranks. In Study 2, participants completed a choice-preference task examining positive and negative trait adjectives associated with status pursuit (“ambitious”, “antagonistic”). Results showed a robust relationship between traits associated with negative methods of status pursuit and self-reported narcissism, suggesting that narcissistic individuals may find the use of anti-social tactics (e.g., antagonism, dominance, rivalry) both less off-putting and more desirable in themselves and others.
{"title":"Narcissism and the appraisal of status-related social cues","authors":"Breanna E. Atkinson, Erin A. Heerey","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The personality trait, narcissism, is characterized by grandiosity, entitlement, and a heightened drive for social status. Narcissism may therefore influence how people appraise status-relevant social cues. Study 1 examined affective appraisals of status-relevant cues (e.g., “boss”, “assistant”) using an implicit appraisal task. Contrary to expectations, narcissism failed to moderate task performance for stimuli associated with existing social ranks. In Study 2, participants completed a choice-preference task examining positive and negative trait adjectives associated with status pursuit (“ambitious”, “antagonistic”). Results showed a robust relationship between traits associated with negative methods of status pursuit and self-reported narcissism, suggesting that narcissistic individuals may find the use of anti-social tactics (e.g., antagonism, dominance, rivalry) both less off-putting and more desirable in themselves and others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104669
Jussi Palomäki , Michael Laakasuo , Sari Castrén , Tuomo Kainulainen , Jani Saastamoinen , Niko Suhonen
Cognitive biases strongly influence risky decisions with payoffs. Financial risk-taking tends to increase following prior gains, as if gambling with “house money”. Intelligence and personality also influence risk preferences, but the extent to which they moderate susceptibility to cognitive biases is not understood. We evaluated the house money effect and its moderators by combining data from an online horse betting dataset, comprehensive administrative population registry, and intelligence and personality trait measures (N = 11,220). Gains on the previous betting day were associated with increased betting amounts on the following betting day and shorter time between two consequent sessions. This effect was stronger among individuals with higher extraversion, lower conscientiousness, and lower IQ. Intelligence and personality have tangible monetary implications in real-life risky choices.
{"title":"Intelligence, conscientiousness and extraversion moderate the house money effect in real-life financial decision-making","authors":"Jussi Palomäki , Michael Laakasuo , Sari Castrén , Tuomo Kainulainen , Jani Saastamoinen , Niko Suhonen","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive biases strongly influence risky decisions with payoffs. Financial risk-taking tends to increase following prior gains, as if gambling with “house money”. Intelligence and personality also influence risk preferences, but the extent to which they moderate susceptibility to cognitive biases is not understood. We evaluated the house money effect and its moderators by combining data from an online horse betting dataset, comprehensive administrative population registry, and intelligence and personality trait measures (N = 11,220). Gains on the previous betting day were associated with increased betting amounts on the following betting day and shorter time between two consequent sessions. This effect was stronger among individuals with higher extraversion, lower conscientiousness, and lower IQ. Intelligence and personality have tangible monetary implications in real-life risky choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104639
Andrew P. Hill , John K. Gotwals
A meta-analysis is provided to disentangle the relationship between perfectionism and impostor phenomenon. Following a preregistered protocol, a systematic search provided 25 studies (N = 12,141) and 42 effect sizes. Perfectionistic strivings had a small positive relationship with impostor phenomenon (r+=.15[.07, 0.23]) and perfectionistic concerns had a large positive relationship with impostor phenomenon (r+=.61[.55, 0.65]). In turn, perfectionistic concerns made a substantially larger contribution to the overall effect of perfectionism (βPS + βPC = 0.57[.54, 0.60]). There was also evidence that the relationship with perfectionistic concerns was larger in studies with more females. The overlap between perfectionism and impostor phenomenon appears to relate mainly to a need to appear perfect to others. Future research should examine their development and mediating and moderating factors.
{"title":"A meta-analysis of multidimensional perfectionism and impostor phenomenon","authors":"Andrew P. Hill , John K. Gotwals","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A meta-analysis is provided to disentangle the relationship between perfectionism and impostor phenomenon. Following a preregistered protocol, a systematic search provided 25 studies (N = 12,141) and 42 effect sizes. Perfectionistic strivings had a small positive relationship with impostor phenomenon (<em>r</em><sup>+</sup>=.15[.07, 0.23]) and perfectionistic concerns had a large positive relationship with impostor phenomenon (<em>r</em><sup>+</sup>=.61[.55, 0.65]). In turn, perfectionistic concerns made a substantially larger contribution to the overall effect of perfectionism (β<sub>PS</sub> + β<sub>PC</sub> = 0.57[.54, 0.60]). There was also evidence that the relationship with perfectionistic concerns was larger in studies with more females. The overlap between perfectionism and impostor phenomenon appears to relate mainly to a need to appear perfect to others. Future research should examine their development and mediating and moderating factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104634
Iva Vukojević , Irina Masnikosa , Matej Gjurković , Nina Drobac , Ana Butković , Martina Lozić , Denis Bratko , Jan Šnajder
Psycholexical studies explore the intricate interplay between language and personality traits, focusing on trait representation in language. One aspect of such representation is the frequency of personality adjective usage. This study examines how linguistic and trait-label properties of personality adjectives relate to their usage frequency. Utilizing a corpus from the social media platform Reddit, we employ natural language processing to analyze Big Five adjectives in person-descriptions. Our results show that trait-label properties exhibit different patterns when considered together rather than separately from linguistic properties—for instance, prefixal composition nullifies the expected effect of polarity on frequency. These findings highlight the importance of considering both linguistic and trait-label properties when assessing the usage of personality adjectives.
{"title":"Personality adjectives in the digital world: A natural language processing study of Big Five adjectives and their usage on Reddit","authors":"Iva Vukojević , Irina Masnikosa , Matej Gjurković , Nina Drobac , Ana Butković , Martina Lozić , Denis Bratko , Jan Šnajder","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psycholexical studies explore the intricate interplay between language and personality traits, focusing on trait representation in language. One aspect of such representation is the frequency of personality adjective usage. This study examines how linguistic and trait-label properties of personality adjectives relate to their usage frequency. Utilizing a corpus from the social media platform Reddit, we employ natural language processing to analyze Big Five adjectives in person-descriptions. Our results show that trait-label properties exhibit different patterns when considered together rather than separately from linguistic properties—for instance, prefixal composition nullifies the expected effect of polarity on frequency. These findings highlight the importance of considering both linguistic and trait-label properties when assessing the usage of personality adjectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104633
Emanuel Jauk , Sarah Sieber-Frank , Clara Carvalho Hilje , Philipp Kanske , Ricarda Steinmayr , Johannes C. Ehrenthal
Personality functioning (PF) is the central criterion for personality pathology in clinical models. Nonclinical personality models assume emotional intelligence or the general factor of personality as general indicators of adaptiveness. Both are conceptualized as more competence-like than solely trait-like. It has rarely been investigated (1) whether these constructs might assess the same latent dimension, and (2) if they indeed reflect competencies beyond traits. In three samples (N = 592), we observed (1) high convergence between all constructs. (2) PF was related to a full-scale emotional competence performance measure (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test), supporting its status as a competence construct. (3) Further, all constructs are strongly saturated with PF variance, and PF can be reliably estimated from common personality scales.
{"title":"Personality functioning across clinical and nonclinical models: further evidence for conceptual convergence between different traditions and the status of personality functioning as a competence construct","authors":"Emanuel Jauk , Sarah Sieber-Frank , Clara Carvalho Hilje , Philipp Kanske , Ricarda Steinmayr , Johannes C. Ehrenthal","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personality functioning (PF) is the central criterion for personality pathology in clinical models. Nonclinical personality models assume emotional intelligence or the general factor of personality as general indicators of adaptiveness. Both are conceptualized as more competence-like than solely trait-like. It has rarely been investigated (1) whether these constructs might assess the same latent dimension, and (2) if they indeed reflect competencies beyond traits. In three samples (<em>N</em> = 592), we observed (1) high convergence between all constructs. (2) PF was related to a full-scale emotional competence performance measure (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test), supporting its status as a competence construct. (3) Further, all constructs are strongly saturated with PF variance, and PF can be reliably estimated from common personality scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104647
Patrick M. Markey, Hanna Campbell, Samantha Goldman
This study explored using Large Language Models (LLMs) in early personality test construction, presenting a method to efficiently assess item relevance to psychological constructs. Study 1 generated self-esteem and Five-Factor Model (FFM) scales by analyzing AI-agent responses, resulting in scales with high internal consistency and face validity. Study 2 tested these scales with 449 human participants, finding that the AI-created self-esteem scale showed satisfactory internal consistency and strong correlations with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The AI-created FFM scales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity with the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, and similar correlational patterns, though with some discrepancies in Agreeableness. These findings suggest LLMs can streamline item selection in personality test development.
{"title":"A framework for the initial phases of personality test development using large language models and artificial personas","authors":"Patrick M. Markey, Hanna Campbell, Samantha Goldman","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored using Large Language Models (LLMs) in early personality test construction, presenting a method to efficiently assess item relevance to psychological constructs. Study 1 generated self-esteem and Five-Factor Model (FFM) scales by analyzing AI-agent responses, resulting in scales with high internal consistency and face validity. Study 2 tested these scales with 449 human participants, finding that the AI-created self-esteem scale showed satisfactory internal consistency and strong correlations with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The AI-created FFM scales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity with the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, and similar correlational patterns, though with some discrepancies in Agreeableness. These findings suggest LLMs can streamline item selection in personality test development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104646
Oleg Gorbaniuk , Krystian Kajetan Hartmann , Maciej Talewski , Julia Gorbaniuk , Hubert Godziewski , Klaudia Pianka
Psycholexical approach has made a significant contribution to achieving consensus in the taxonomy of personality traits. The aim of the paper is to propose the first psycholexical taxonomy of emotions. Two independent studies were conducted to determine the structure of the comprehensive list of morphologically unique emotion descriptors. In the first study (1,038 participants), emotions were described using single terms, whereas in the second study (679 participants) using short sentences based on the same list of descriptors. Parallel analysis and congruence coefficients (self- vs. observer-rating, orthogonal vs. oblique rotation), revealed in both studies similar eleven-component structure: Sadness-Apathy, Distress, Anger, Fear-Anxiety, Panic-Loss of Control, Enjoyment-Relaxation, Surprise-Interest, Shame, Contempt, Regret-Guilt-Compassion, and Love. The correspondence between this structure and existing emotion classification frameworks is discussed.
{"title":"The comprehensive psycholexical taxonomy of the Polish lexicon of emotions","authors":"Oleg Gorbaniuk , Krystian Kajetan Hartmann , Maciej Talewski , Julia Gorbaniuk , Hubert Godziewski , Klaudia Pianka","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psycholexical approach has made a significant contribution to achieving consensus in the taxonomy of personality traits. The aim of the paper is to propose the first psycholexical taxonomy of emotions. Two independent studies were conducted to determine the structure of the comprehensive list of morphologically unique emotion descriptors. In the first study (1,038 participants), emotions were described using single terms, whereas in the second study (679 participants) using short sentences based on the same list of descriptors. Parallel analysis and congruence coefficients (self- vs. observer-rating, orthogonal vs. oblique rotation), revealed in both studies similar eleven-component structure: Sadness-Apathy, Distress, Anger, Fear-Anxiety, Panic-Loss of Control, Enjoyment-Relaxation, Surprise-Interest, Shame, Contempt, Regret-Guilt-Compassion, and Love. The correspondence between this structure and existing emotion classification frameworks is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104637
Zoe Dunnum , William J. Chopik
How well friendships are going likely depends on perceptions people have about their friends, such as how they approach relationships in general. Adopting a social relations model perspective, we examined sources of variation in relationship quality (across 10 indicators) and attachment judgments in a sample of 377 quads of friends (N = 1,508 individuals). Relationship quality largely stemmed from the shared interactions between two people, although some perceiver variance was found. Judgments of avoidance largely stemmed from consensus; judgments of anxiety came from a mix of consensus and perceiver variance (i.e., tending to see everyone as anxious or not). Bivariate analyses found that people seen as anxious were seen as ambivalent friends — providing both positive and negative experiences for friends.
{"title":"A social relations perspective on attachment orientations and judgments of relationship quality in friendships","authors":"Zoe Dunnum , William J. Chopik","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How well friendships are going likely depends on perceptions people have about their friends, such as how they approach relationships in general. Adopting a social relations model perspective, we examined sources of variation in relationship quality (across 10 indicators) and attachment judgments in a sample of 377 quads of friends (<em>N</em> = 1,508 individuals). Relationship quality largely stemmed from the shared interactions between two people, although some perceiver variance was found. Judgments of avoidance largely stemmed from consensus; judgments of anxiety came from a mix of consensus and perceiver variance (i.e., tending to see everyone as anxious or not). Bivariate analyses found that people seen as anxious were seen as ambivalent friends — providing both positive and negative experiences for friends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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