Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104638
Craig S. Neumann, Darlene A. Ngo
Conservative political ideology is associated with social dominance orientation (SDO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), psychopathic propensities (PPs), and other malevolent dispositions, and reduced empathy. We examined the links between SDO, RWA, PPs and political ideology, and whether those who view Trump favorably reported higher PPs (or malevolent traits) and reduced empathy or benevolent dispositions. Two U.S. community samples were used; Sample 1 was white vs. minority status men (N = 1000, 32 % minority) and Sample 2 contained men and women (N = 8,047; 45 % male). Structural equation modeling was utilized to represent ideology in terms of right- vs. left-leaning orientation on social and economic issues, including participants’ views of Trump. Malevolent (+) and benevolent (−) dispositions and empathy disturbances were significantly linked with conservative ideology.
{"title":"Malevolent vs. benevolent dispositions and conservative political ideology in the Trump era","authors":"Craig S. Neumann, Darlene A. Ngo","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservative political ideology is associated with social dominance orientation (SDO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), psychopathic propensities (PPs), and other malevolent dispositions, and reduced empathy. We examined the links between SDO, RWA, PPs and political ideology, and whether those who view Trump favorably reported higher PPs (or malevolent traits) and reduced empathy or benevolent dispositions. Two U.S. community samples were used; Sample 1 was white vs. minority status men (N = 1000, 32 % minority) and Sample 2 contained men and women (N = 8,047; 45 % male). Structural equation modeling was utilized to represent ideology in terms of right- vs. left-leaning orientation on social and economic issues, including participants’ views of Trump. Malevolent (+) and benevolent (−) dispositions and empathy disturbances were significantly linked with conservative ideology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104648
Yiheng Lin , Yi Qiao , Huajian Ma , Bin Xie
Psychopathy is often conceptualized as an antisocial construct, with limited attention given to its expression of prosocial behaviors. This study investigated how interdependent and independent self-construal moderate the relationship between psychopathic traits and different forms of prosocial behavior in a large Chinese community sample (N = 1,519). Using a three-factor model of psychopathy (Egocentricity, Callousness, Antisocial), our analyses revealed that interdependent self-construal significantly moderated the expression of egocentric traits. Specifically, interdependence strengthens the positive association between egocentricity and public prosocial behaviors while attenuating its negative links to anonymous and altruistic prosocial behaviors. The moderating role of independent self-construal was less consistent, weakening the negative effects of egocentricity traits on altruistic helping while strengthening the antisocial traits negative links. These findings support the moderated-expression model of psychopathy, highlighting self-construal as critical contextual cues that moderate the expression of psychopathic traits relating to prosocial behaviors. Implications for the role of sociocultural factors in understanding prosociality among individuals with psychopathic traits are discussed.
{"title":"When psychopathy plays nice: Self-construal moderate the relationship between psychopathic traits and prosocial behaviors","authors":"Yiheng Lin , Yi Qiao , Huajian Ma , Bin Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychopathy is often conceptualized as an antisocial construct, with limited attention given to its expression of prosocial behaviors. This study investigated how interdependent and independent self-construal moderate the relationship between psychopathic traits and different forms of prosocial behavior in a large Chinese community sample (<em>N</em> = 1,519). Using a three-factor model of psychopathy (Egocentricity, Callousness, Antisocial), our analyses revealed that interdependent self-construal significantly moderated the expression of egocentric traits. Specifically, interdependence strengthens the positive association between egocentricity and public prosocial behaviors while attenuating its negative links to anonymous and altruistic prosocial behaviors. The moderating role of independent self-construal was less consistent, weakening the negative effects of egocentricity traits on altruistic helping while strengthening the antisocial traits negative links. These findings support the moderated-expression model of psychopathy, highlighting self-construal as critical contextual cues that moderate the expression of psychopathic traits relating to prosocial behaviors. Implications for the role of sociocultural factors in understanding prosociality among individuals with psychopathic traits are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104609
Kristopher J. Brazil , Ann H. Farrell , Natalie Spadafora , Reinout E. de Vries , Anthony A. Volk
We used a new English version of the HEXACO-Simplified Personality Inventory (HEXACO-SPI) to examine (1) its dimensional structure and (2) the developmental stability and mean-level changes in its personality traits among adolescents. Our results showed that the HEXACO-SPI factor scales were consistent with the a priori hypothesized six-factor structure of HEXACO personality and that the HEXACO-SPI domain scales demonstrated sufficiently high levels of internal reliability, differentiation, and invariance across time. Stability was shown for all domain scales, but especially when considering 1-year estimates (versus 3 or 4-year estimates). Mean-level decreases were observed in Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, with stability in Emotionality and Openness to Experience. Our findings inform research on HEXACO personality in adolescence, including stability and change.
{"title":"Structure, stability, and mean-level change in adolescent HEXACO personality traits using the HEXACO-SPI","authors":"Kristopher J. Brazil , Ann H. Farrell , Natalie Spadafora , Reinout E. de Vries , Anthony A. Volk","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We used a new English version of the HEXACO-Simplified Personality Inventory (HEXACO-SPI) to examine (1) its dimensional structure and (2) the developmental stability and mean-level changes in its personality traits among adolescents. Our results showed that the HEXACO-SPI factor scales were consistent with the a priori hypothesized six-factor structure of HEXACO personality and that the HEXACO-SPI domain scales demonstrated sufficiently high levels of internal reliability, differentiation, and invariance across time. Stability was shown for all domain scales, but especially when considering 1-year estimates (versus 3 or 4-year estimates). Mean-level decreases were observed in Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, with stability in Emotionality and Openness to Experience. Our findings inform research on HEXACO personality in adolescence, including stability and change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104623
Christopher C. Conway , Gabrielle S. Ilagan , Ana Rabasco , Maria Martin Lopez , Molly Goodrich , Kevin S. Kuehn , Kevin M. King
Individual differences in distress tolerance (DT), willingness to face internal discomfort, predict who is vulnerable to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, it is unclear to what extent within-person differences in DT predict periods of peak NSSI risk. We used short-term variation in DT as a model of acute NSSI risk among people with recurrent NSSI. We sampled momentary DT and NSSI outcomes four times per day across 14 consecutive days in a group of 119 adults who had significant histories of NSSI behavior. Momentary DT ratings had robust within-person correlations with concurrent NSSI thoughts and behaviors (rs = −0.43 and −0.20, respectively). Also, DT was a statistically significant, albeit weak, predictor of NSSI outcomes up to 3 h later, even when adjusting for continuity in NSSI. Negative urgency and experiential avoidance—DT’s conceptual neighbors—added predictive utility in within-person models of NSSI thoughts and behavior (e.g., collectively the 3 predictors accounted for more than a third of within-person variation in concurrent NSSI thoughts). We conclude that time-varying DT levels could be a meaningful model, and potentially intervention target, for NSSI in high-risk populations. Our study’s dataset, analysis code, and materials are available at https://osf.io/nz5q4/.
{"title":"Registered Report Stage II: A within-person model of distress tolerance and non-suicidal self-injury among adults with recurrent self-injury","authors":"Christopher C. Conway , Gabrielle S. Ilagan , Ana Rabasco , Maria Martin Lopez , Molly Goodrich , Kevin S. Kuehn , Kevin M. King","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual differences in distress tolerance (DT), willingness to face internal discomfort, predict who is vulnerable to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, it is unclear to what extent <em>within-person</em> differences in DT predict periods of peak NSSI risk. We used short-term variation in DT as a model of acute NSSI risk among people with recurrent NSSI. We sampled momentary DT and NSSI outcomes four times per day across 14 consecutive days in a group of 119 adults who had significant histories of NSSI behavior. Momentary DT ratings had robust within-person correlations with concurrent NSSI thoughts and behaviors (<em>r</em>s = −0.43 and −0.20, respectively). Also, DT was a statistically significant, albeit weak, predictor of NSSI outcomes up to 3 h later, even when adjusting for continuity in NSSI. Negative urgency and experiential avoidance—DT’s conceptual neighbors—added predictive utility in within-person models of NSSI thoughts and behavior (e.g., collectively the 3 predictors accounted for more than a third of within-person variation in concurrent NSSI thoughts). We conclude that time-varying DT levels could be a meaningful model, and potentially intervention target, for NSSI in high-risk populations. Our study’s dataset, analysis code, and materials are available at <span><span>https://osf.io/nz5q4/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104624
Kibeom Lee , Michael C. Ashton
A recent meta-analysis on intelligence/personality relations (Stanek & Ones, 2023) produced markedly different results from previous findings for some personality traits. For example, traits such as Industriousness, Even-temper, and Compassion were nearly as strongly associated with general intelligence as were intellect-related personality traits. Here we find that many of these associations were heavily influenced by unusual results from the massive Project Talent Longitudinal Study (PTLS; N > 350,000, Flanagan et al., 1960), and that when the PTLS is excluded, the effect sizes decreased substantially, aligning more closely with previous findings. We discuss concerns about the construct validity of PTLS personality scales and about meta-analytic results involving those measures.
最近一项关于智力/人格关系的元分析(Stanek &；Ones, 2023)对某些性格特征的研究结果与之前的研究结果明显不同。例如，勤奋、平和、同情等特质与一般智力的关系几乎和与智力相关的人格特质一样密切。在这里，我们发现这些关联在很大程度上受到了大规模项目人才纵向研究(PTLS；N比;350,000, Flanagan et al., 1960)，并且当排除PTLS时，效应量大幅下降，与先前的研究结果更接近。我们讨论了对PTLS人格量表的构式效度的关注以及涉及这些量表的元分析结果。
{"title":"Personality/cognitive ability relations with and without the Project Talent Longitudinal Sample","authors":"Kibeom Lee , Michael C. Ashton","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recent meta-analysis on intelligence/personality relations (Stanek & Ones, 2023) produced markedly different results from previous findings for some personality traits. For example, traits such as Industriousness, Even-temper, and Compassion were nearly as strongly associated with general intelligence as were intellect-related personality traits. Here we find that many of these associations were heavily influenced by unusual results from the massive Project Talent Longitudinal Study (PTLS; <em>N</em> > 350,000, Flanagan et al., 1960), and that when the PTLS is excluded, the effect sizes decreased substantially, aligning more closely with previous findings. We discuss concerns about the construct validity of PTLS personality scales and about meta-analytic results involving those measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104632
Jonas Potthoff, Gabriela Hofer, Anne Schienle
Self-viewing varies significantly among individuals. The present eye-tracking study investigated whether specific facets of grandiose narcissism and self-esteem are associated with gaze behavior during self-face viewing.
In a novel visual probe task, participants pressed a button when a visual target appeared next to a mirror reflecting their face. The task required participants to shift their attention away from their reflection that acted as a distractor. Task performance and gaze behavior were analyzed in relation to general grandiose narcissism, domain-specific narcissism, self-esteem, and self-worth contingencies.
Participants with higher grandiose narcissism and self-esteem spent more time fixating their face, suggesting that people with higher self-esteem or narcissism are more easily distracted by their face than people with lower levels of these traits.
{"title":"Distracted by the mirror? Associations between narcissism, self-esteem and gaze behavior during self-face viewing","authors":"Jonas Potthoff, Gabriela Hofer, Anne Schienle","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-viewing varies significantly among individuals. The present eye-tracking study investigated whether specific facets of grandiose narcissism and self-esteem are associated with gaze behavior during self-face viewing.</div><div>In a novel visual probe task, participants pressed a button when a visual target appeared next to a mirror reflecting their face. The task required participants to shift their attention away from their reflection that acted as a distractor. Task performance and gaze behavior were analyzed in relation to general grandiose narcissism, domain-specific narcissism, self-esteem, and self-worth contingencies.</div><div>Participants with higher grandiose narcissism and self-esteem spent more time fixating their face, suggesting that people with higher self-esteem or narcissism are more easily distracted by their face than people with lower levels of these traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104630
Anna M. Zalewska , Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska , Olga Grabowska-Chenczke , Anna Werner-Maliszewska , Agnieszka Zawadzka-Jabłonowska
This study examines how early-life family experiences are associated with adult well-being (subjective, eudaimonic social, and eudaimonic personal well-being) and the role of personality traits in this process. Using data from 202,898 respondents across 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study (representative samples, cross-sectional data), we find that positive family experiences predict higher well-being and foster traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, but not openness. These four traits positively predict all well-being types, while openness is linked only to personal well-being and shows no association with subjective well-being and a weak negative link to social well-being. Our results show that personality traits (excluding openness) partially explain how early-life family experiences are associated with adult well-being. Additionally, growing up with married parents is linked to higher social well-being, a relationship fully mediated by personality traits except for extraversion. These findings underscore the possibly lasting impact of early-life family environments on well-being in adulthood, with personality traits acting as key mechanisms. While supportive family backgrounds contribute to well-being through personality development, fostering these traits in individuals from less favorable backgrounds may promote well-being and personal growth. Understanding these associations can inform policies and interventions that help individuals flourish.
{"title":"Family experiences while growing up, personality traits, and well-being: A mediation analysis","authors":"Anna M. Zalewska , Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska , Olga Grabowska-Chenczke , Anna Werner-Maliszewska , Agnieszka Zawadzka-Jabłonowska","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how early-life family experiences are associated with adult well-being (subjective, eudaimonic social, and eudaimonic personal well-being) and the role of personality traits in this process. Using data from 202,898 respondents across 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study (representative samples, cross-sectional data), we find that positive family experiences predict higher well-being and foster traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, but not openness. These four traits positively predict all well-being types, while openness is linked only to personal well-being and shows no association with subjective well-being and a weak negative link to social well-being. Our results show that personality traits (excluding openness) partially explain how early-life family experiences are associated with adult well-being. Additionally, growing up with married parents is linked to higher social well-being, a relationship fully mediated by personality traits except for extraversion. These findings underscore the possibly lasting impact of early-life family environments on well-being in adulthood, with personality traits acting as key mechanisms. While supportive family backgrounds contribute to well-being through personality development, fostering these traits in individuals from less favorable backgrounds may promote well-being and personal growth. Understanding these associations can inform policies and interventions that help individuals flourish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104636
Xinlei Zang , Shuai Wang , Juan Yang
Self-esteem is a core personality trait, yet its assessment often relies on self-reports vulnerable to contexts. Integrating Trait Activation Theory, Whole Trait Theory, and the Self-Organizing Self-Esteem model, this study explores voice as a context-independent marker of self-esteem. Across three tasks (N = 211) varying in self-relevance and social evaluative threat, voice features outperformed text in recognizing self-esteem and generalized across situations. Specifically, greater loudness, higher and more stable warmth, and shorter and less variable silence durations indicated higher self-esteem. Based on these findings, we propose the Modality-Based Whole Trait Theory, extending existing theories by emphasizing modality as a boundary condition for personality expression. These findings advance objective personality assessment and highlight the potential of voice for capturing trait-level information.
{"title":"Beyond the text: Voice as a stable marker of self-esteem","authors":"Xinlei Zang , Shuai Wang , Juan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-esteem is a core personality trait, yet its assessment often relies on self-reports vulnerable to contexts. Integrating Trait Activation Theory, Whole Trait Theory, and the Self-Organizing Self-Esteem model, this study explores voice as a context-independent marker of self-esteem. Across three tasks (<em>N</em> = 211) varying in self-relevance and social evaluative threat, voice features outperformed text in recognizing self-esteem and generalized across situations. Specifically, greater loudness, higher and more stable warmth, and shorter and less variable silence durations indicated higher self-esteem. Based on these findings, we propose the Modality-Based Whole Trait Theory, extending existing theories by emphasizing modality as a boundary condition for personality expression. These findings advance objective personality assessment and highlight the potential of voice for capturing trait-level information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104603
Marie Kura , Katrin Rentzsch , Amber Gayle Thalmayer
We explored Big Six personality traits and their correlates among 18-year-olds from Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa (N = 1,746). Established Big-Five and Six-inventories contain culture-specific phrasing and lack fit and measurement invariance in Africa. Using the original maker terms from diverse lexical studies used to build the HEXACO, we created new, single-term Big Six scales with good fit and measurement invariance across countries, which we used to explore concurrent and predictive associations with mental/physical health, and religiosity. Results for Honesty, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness replicated findings from North America and Europe, while Extraversion and Emotionality did not, indicating more cultural-specificity. Our method represents a middle path between imported and culture-specific personality research, a promising approach for cross-cultural research.
{"title":"Big Six Personality Traits in the Africa Long Life Study","authors":"Marie Kura , Katrin Rentzsch , Amber Gayle Thalmayer","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explored Big Six personality traits and their correlates among 18-year-olds from Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa (<em>N</em> = 1,746). Established Big-Five and Six-inventories contain culture-specific phrasing and lack fit and measurement invariance in Africa. Using the original maker terms from diverse lexical studies used to build the HEXACO, we created new, single-term Big Six scales with good fit and measurement invariance across countries, which we used to explore concurrent and predictive associations with mental/physical health, and religiosity. Results for Honesty, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness replicated findings from North America and Europe, while Extraversion and Emotionality did not, indicating more cultural-specificity. Our method represents a middle path between imported and culture-specific personality research, a promising approach for cross-cultural research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104631
Lindsay S. Ackerman, Richard E. Lucas
Jingle-jangle fallacies, which are pervasive in psychology, complicate measurement, propagate confusion among scholars, and weaken the conclusions researchers can draw from their studies. In the present study (N = 1,258), we investigated these issues in the domain of self-belief constructs (self-efficacy, self-competence, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-worth, self-value, self-regard, self-liking, and self-respect). Exploratory factor analyses at the scale- and item-levels provided evidence of significant overlap among constructs. A two-factor solution may be best supported by the data, where self-efficacy constitutes one factor and all other constructs the second (though where self-competence falls is less clear). Ultimately, these findings draw attention to the need for clear and concise construct definitions, precise and well-validated measurement instruments, and careful consideration when researchers propose new constructs.
{"title":"What’s in a name? Exploring overlap among self-belief constructs","authors":"Lindsay S. Ackerman, Richard E. Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jingle-jangle fallacies, which are pervasive in psychology, complicate measurement, propagate confusion among scholars, and weaken the conclusions researchers can draw from their studies. In the present study (<em>N</em> = 1,258), we investigated these issues in the domain of self-belief constructs (self-efficacy, self-competence, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-worth, self-value, self-regard, self-liking, and self-respect). Exploratory factor analyses at the scale- and item-levels provided evidence of significant overlap among constructs. A two-factor solution may be best supported by the data, where self-efficacy constitutes one factor and all other constructs the second (though where self-competence falls is less clear). Ultimately, these findings draw attention to the need for clear and concise construct definitions, precise and well-validated measurement instruments, and careful consideration when researchers propose new constructs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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