Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104680
Zhaohui Zhang , Zhuoran Tu , Yulei Chen , Xiyao Xiao , Yi Feng , Wen Zhang
Traditional personality assessment struggles to capture behavior across contexts. Though HEXACO provides a broad framework, creating HEXACO-based Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) is resource-intensive due to expert-developed items. Large language models (LLMs) offer scalable, less biased generation of theory-aligned SJT items. This study evaluates whether LLMs can produce HEXACO items with psychometric quality on par with expert-crafted ones. Across three studies, we compared LLM-generated and expert-created items through review and a human-subject test (N = 227), assessing reliability, validity, and response quality. Results show LLM items match expert items in internal consistency and convergent validity with HEXACO scales. These findings highlight LLMs as a cost-effective, scalable approach to psychometric instrument development and adaptive assessment.
{"title":"Automated item generation for personality assessment: development and validation of large-language-model-derived HEXACO situational judgment tests","authors":"Zhaohui Zhang , Zhuoran Tu , Yulei Chen , Xiyao Xiao , Yi Feng , Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional personality assessment struggles to capture behavior across contexts. Though HEXACO provides a broad framework, creating HEXACO-based Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) is resource-intensive due to expert-developed items. Large language models (LLMs) offer scalable, less biased generation of theory-aligned SJT items. This study evaluates whether LLMs can produce HEXACO items with psychometric quality on par with expert-crafted ones. Across three studies, we compared LLM-generated and expert-created items through review and a human-subject test (N = 227), assessing reliability, validity, and response quality. Results show LLM items match expert items in internal consistency and convergent validity with HEXACO scales. These findings highlight LLMs as a cost-effective, scalable approach to psychometric instrument development and adaptive assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690
Maxim Leberecht , Andre Nedderhoff , Steffen Zitzmann , Martin Hecht
The Dark Triad (DT) personality traits, characterized by manipulativeness, callousness, and egocentrism, are linked to both negative outcomes such as aggression and delinquency, as well as positive outcomes like career success. This study aims to compare different machine learning models for predicting DT traits − Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy − using social media text data from Facebook status updates and personality questionnaires. Various machine learning models were evaluated. Across traits, Random Forest achieved the lowest RMSE, outperforming most other models, followed by Support Vector Machines and Gaussian Processes. Bias was similar across all models. These findings highlight the potential of social media data to offer insights into users’ personalities and carry methodological implications for future research on personality assessments.
{"title":"Comparing machine learning methods for predicting dark triad personality traits using social media text data","authors":"Maxim Leberecht , Andre Nedderhoff , Steffen Zitzmann , Martin Hecht","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dark Triad (DT) personality traits, characterized by manipulativeness, callousness, and egocentrism, are linked to both negative outcomes such as aggression and delinquency, as well as positive outcomes like career success. This study aims to compare different machine learning models for predicting DT traits <em>−</em> Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy <em>−</em> using social media text data from Facebook status updates and personality questionnaires. Various machine learning models were evaluated. Across traits, Random Forest achieved the lowest RMSE, outperforming most other models, followed by Support Vector Machines and Gaussian Processes. Bias was similar across all models. These findings highlight the potential of social media data to offer insights into users’ personalities and carry methodological implications for future research on personality assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104689
Ranran Li , Isabel Thielmann , Daniel Balliet , Reinout E. de Vries
Trait activation theory posits that personality traits are expressed when trait-relevant situational cues—affordances—are present. While prior work has primarily examined how situational affordances moderate trait–behavior associations (an affordance-gradient perspective), comparatively less attention has been given to how multiple traits are differentially activated within affordance-relevant situations (an affordance-configured perspective), especially in ecologically valid settings. We addressed this gap using a retrospective diary design with 224 respondents (Ndiary = 448), combining self- and independently rated assessments of situational affordances and behavioral expressions. Consistent with the affordance-configured perspective, traits showed stronger associations with behavior in affordance-relevant situations relative to other traits. In contrast, interaction effects for the affordance-gradient perspective were mostly absent. These findings extend trait activation theory to everyday life and underscore the value of situational affordances for understanding personality expression.
{"title":"Trait activation in daily life: Comparing two perspectives on person-situation interactions","authors":"Ranran Li , Isabel Thielmann , Daniel Balliet , Reinout E. de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trait activation theory posits that personality traits are expressed when trait-relevant situational cues—affordances—are present. While prior work has primarily examined how situational affordances moderate trait–behavior associations (an <em>affordance-gradient</em> perspective), comparatively less attention has been given to how multiple traits are differentially activated within affordance-relevant situations (an <em>affordance-configured</em> perspective), especially in ecologically valid settings. We addressed this gap using a retrospective diary design with 224 respondents (<em>N</em><sub>diary</sub> = 448), combining self- and independently rated assessments of situational affordances and behavioral expressions. Consistent with the affordance-configured perspective, traits showed stronger associations with behavior in affordance-relevant situations relative to other traits. In contrast, interaction effects for the affordance-gradient perspective were mostly absent. These findings extend trait activation theory to everyday life and underscore the value of situational affordances for understanding personality expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104670
Marcin Zajenkowski , Wacław Bąk , Virgil Zeigler-Hill , Jeremiasz Górniak , Jerzy Wojciechowski , Michał Stefanowicz
While narcissism and intellectual humility may seem incompatible, their relationship is more complex due to their multidimensional nature. Across two studies (N1 = 219, Mage = 23.47; SDage = 8.37; N2 = 278, Mage = 21.96; SDage = 4.12; participants recruited through social networking websites), we examined links between three narcissism facets (agentic, antagonistic, neurotic) and four aspects of intellectual humility, controlling for personality and intelligence. Antagonistic and neurotic narcissism were strongly negatively related to independence of intellect and ego, suggesting difficulty separating disagreement from personal threat. Antagonistic narcissism also predicted lower respect for others’ views. In contrast, agentic narcissism showed modest positive links to openness and respect for differing opinions. All three narcissism types were negatively associated with a lack of intellectual overconfidence, highlighting inflated belief in one’s superiority as central to narcissism.
{"title":"Too proud to doubt? The relationship between narcissism and intellectual humility","authors":"Marcin Zajenkowski , Wacław Bąk , Virgil Zeigler-Hill , Jeremiasz Górniak , Jerzy Wojciechowski , Michał Stefanowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While narcissism and intellectual humility may seem incompatible, their relationship is more complex due to their multidimensional nature. Across two studies (<em>N</em><sub>1</sub> = 219, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 23.47; <em>SD<sub>age</sub></em> = 8.37; <em>N<sub>2</sub> =</em> 278, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 21.96; <em>SD<sub>age</sub></em> = 4.12; participants recruited through social networking websites), we examined links between three narcissism facets (agentic, antagonistic, neurotic) and four aspects of intellectual humility, controlling for personality and intelligence. Antagonistic and neurotic narcissism were strongly negatively related to independence of intellect and ego, suggesting difficulty separating disagreement from personal threat. Antagonistic narcissism also predicted lower respect for others’ views. In contrast, agentic narcissism showed modest positive links to openness and respect for differing opinions. All three narcissism types were negatively associated with a lack of intellectual overconfidence, highlighting inflated belief in one’s superiority as central to narcissism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104673
Daryl R. Van Tongeren , Isabella Brady , Claire Van Duinen , Aaron McLaughlin , Don E. Davis , Joshua N. Hook
Five preregistered studies (N = 3,789), examined how individual differences in humility and commitment regarding one’s existential beliefs (i.e., existential humility) were associated with different tradeoffs, including defensiveness and well-being. Using latent profile analyses, Study 1 (n = 807) revealed that existential humility is associated with less defensiveness but also lower well-being. Study 2 (n = 617) found evidence for lower defensiveness and greater empathy and prosociality among the existentially humble. Study 3 (n = 787) and Study 4 (n = 791) found that existentially humble participants reported lower well-being and had mixed defensive responses. Study 5 (n = 787) confirmed existential humility was associated with lower defensiveness, greater empathy and prosociality, and lower well-being. Existential humility engenders tradeoffs and may come with some costs.
{"title":"Tradeoffs of humility in the face of existential concerns","authors":"Daryl R. Van Tongeren , Isabella Brady , Claire Van Duinen , Aaron McLaughlin , Don E. Davis , Joshua N. Hook","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five preregistered studies (<em>N</em> = 3,789), examined how individual differences in humility and commitment regarding one’s existential beliefs (i.e., existential humility) were associated with different tradeoffs, including defensiveness and well-being. Using latent profile analyses, Study 1 (<em>n</em> = 807) revealed that existential humility is associated with less defensiveness but also lower well-being. Study 2 (<em>n</em> = 617) found evidence for lower defensiveness and greater empathy and prosociality among the existentially humble. Study 3 (<em>n</em> = 787) and Study 4 (<em>n</em> = 791) found that existentially humble participants reported lower well-being and had mixed defensive responses. Study 5 (<em>n</em> = 787) confirmed existential humility was associated with lower defensiveness, greater empathy and prosociality, and lower well-being. Existential humility engenders tradeoffs and may come with some costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104677
Dylan K. Shelton, Jennifer C. Veilleux
Desire intolerance, the inability to withstand the cognitive, motivational, and affective components of desire, has been linked to engagement in impulsive behaviors. This study explored how individual differences in desire intolerance related to affect and emotion-related impulsivity in daily life. Participants (N = 197) completed one week of ecological momentary assessment to track affect, willpower self-efficacy, rash action and inaction urges, and rash action and inaction behaviors. Results showed that individuals higher in desire intolerance reported more rash action and inaction urges and rash behaviors when negative affect was higher than usual. These findings suggest that desire intolerance could be an indicator of the propensity to engage in rash action and inaction as affect fluctuates.
{"title":"I want it that way: Exploring the role of desire intolerance in emotion-related impulsivity via ecological momentary assessment","authors":"Dylan K. Shelton, Jennifer C. Veilleux","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desire intolerance, the inability to withstand the cognitive, motivational, and affective components of desire, has been linked to engagement in impulsive behaviors. This study explored how individual differences in desire intolerance related to affect and emotion-related impulsivity in daily life. Participants (<em>N</em> = 197) completed one week of ecological momentary assessment to track affect, willpower self-efficacy, rash action and inaction urges, and rash action and inaction behaviors. Results showed that individuals higher in desire intolerance reported more rash action and inaction urges and rash behaviors when negative affect was higher than usual. These findings suggest that desire intolerance could be an indicator of the propensity to engage in rash action and inaction as affect fluctuates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104668
Małgorzata Fajkowska , Guido Alessandri , Maria Cyniak-Cieciura , Paweł Dobrowolski , Lorenzo Filosa , Agnieszka Popiel , Bogdan Zawadzki
Our study examined (a) how latent personality profiles based on temperament, anxiety, and depression types and (b) related stress-protective (higher well-being and lower psychological inflexibility) and stress-vulnerability (lower well-being and higher psychological inflexibility) factors (c) are associated with experienced COVID-19 stressors. Participants (N = 1278, 840 women and 437 men, aged 18–71) completed the short form of Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (ADQ-SF), the Formal Characteristics of Behavior − Temperament Markers Inventory (FCB-TMI), the Positive Mental Health scale (PMH), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and a questionnaire assessing stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. An 8-profile solution was chosen when constructing latent personality profiles. Our results indicate that the sanguine temperament (within coherent/incoherent personality structures, associated or not with affective types) is a protective factor under prolonged stress. A cumulative effect related to the occurrence of two or more affective types in incoherent melancholics and incoherent phlegmatics made them the most vulnerable to experiencing a low level of well-being, a high level of psychological inflexibility, and a high level of prolonged stress. Differences and similarities in the identified types were explained by the dominating elements in their structures and their functions in stimulation processing.
我们的研究考察了(a)基于气质、焦虑和抑郁类型的潜在人格特征，以及(b)相关的压力保护（更高的幸福感和更低的心理不灵活性）和压力脆弱性（更低的幸福感和更高的心理不灵活性）因素(c)与经历过的COVID-19压力源之间的关系。参与者（N = 1278，女性840人，男性437人，年龄18-71岁）完成了焦虑与抑郁简短问卷（ADQ-SF）、行为气质特征量表（FCB-TMI）、积极心理健康量表（PMH）、生活满意度量表（SWLS）、接受与行动问卷- ii （AAQ-II）和新冠肺炎大流行相关压力源评估问卷。在构建潜在人格剖面时，选择了8个剖面解。我们的研究结果表明，乐观气质（在连贯/不连贯的人格结构中，与情感类型相关或不相关）是长期压力下的保护因素。在语无伦次忧郁症和语无伦次粘液症中出现两种或两种以上情感类型的累积效应使他们最容易经历低水平的幸福感、高水平的心理不灵活性和高水平的长期压力。这些类型的差异和相似可以用它们在刺激加工中的结构和功能上的主导因素来解释。
{"title":"Personality (in)coherence and protective/vulnerability factors in the context of prolonged stress","authors":"Małgorzata Fajkowska , Guido Alessandri , Maria Cyniak-Cieciura , Paweł Dobrowolski , Lorenzo Filosa , Agnieszka Popiel , Bogdan Zawadzki","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study examined (a) how latent personality profiles based on temperament, anxiety, and depression types and (b) related stress-protective (higher well-being and lower psychological inflexibility) and stress-vulnerability (lower well-being and higher psychological inflexibility) factors (c) are associated with experienced COVID-19 stressors. Participants (<em>N</em> = 1278, 840 women and 437 men, aged 18–71) completed the short form of Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (ADQ-SF), the Formal Characteristics of Behavior − Temperament Markers Inventory (FCB-TMI), the Positive Mental Health scale (PMH), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and a questionnaire assessing stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. An 8-profile solution was chosen when constructing latent personality profiles. Our results indicate that the sanguine temperament (within coherent/incoherent personality structures, associated or not with affective types) is a protective factor under prolonged stress. A cumulative effect related to the occurrence of two or more affective types in incoherent melancholics and incoherent phlegmatics made them the most vulnerable to experiencing a low level of well-being, a high level of psychological inflexibility, and a high level of prolonged stress. Differences and similarities in the identified types were explained by the dominating elements in their structures and their functions in stimulation processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104678
Gary N. Burns , Ina Grau , Rainer Banse , Xiaowen Chen , Michael W. McFerran
Content nonresponsivity (CNR), such as acquiescence bias and careless responding, poses a significant threat to the validity of psychometric assessments by distorting item-level relationships. This study examines the impact of sample level CNR on both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and psychometric network analysis (PNA) model statistics across 45 countries. Results indicate that higher levels of sample level CNR were associated with worse model fit and denser, less centralized Big Five personality networks; however, results varied across CNR indices. These findings emphasize the need for researchers to assess and report CNR levels when drawing inferences about differences in model fit or centrality statistics.
{"title":"Impact of content nonresponsivity on model fit and psychometric network characteristics: A cross-cultural perspective","authors":"Gary N. Burns , Ina Grau , Rainer Banse , Xiaowen Chen , Michael W. McFerran","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Content nonresponsivity (CNR), such as acquiescence bias and careless responding, poses a significant threat to the validity of psychometric assessments by distorting item-level relationships. This study examines the impact of sample level CNR on both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and psychometric network analysis (PNA) model statistics across 45 countries. Results indicate that higher levels of sample level CNR were associated with worse model fit and denser, less centralized Big Five personality networks; however, results varied across CNR indices. These findings emphasize the need for researchers to assess and report CNR levels when drawing inferences about differences in model fit or centrality statistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104651
Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska , Jarosław Piotrowski , Artur Sawicki , John J. Skowronski , Peter K. Jonason , Jan Cieciuch , Włodzimierz Strus , Constantine Sedikides
We propose a new conceptualization of communal narcissism, the Narcissistic Sanctity and Heroism Concept (NSHC). We define narcissistic sanctity as a biased sense of exceptional warmth and morality, and narcissistic heroism as a heightened sense of self-importance in improving the social world. Drawing on 11 samples (N = 5606; 56 % women; Polish general population), we validated the NSHC, using circumplex models and peer-rating data. Sanctity reflects a communal orientation, as evidenced in relation to narcissistic grandiosity, narcissistic antagonism, personality correlates, and overrating on communal (but not agentic) traits. Heroism reflects a communal and agentic orientation, as evidenced in relation to narcissistic grandiosity, narcissistic antagonism, personality correlates, and overrating on agentic and communal traits. The NSHC has theoretical and empirical promise.
{"title":"Re-assessing communal narcissism: the narcissistic sanctity and heroism concept","authors":"Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska , Jarosław Piotrowski , Artur Sawicki , John J. Skowronski , Peter K. Jonason , Jan Cieciuch , Włodzimierz Strus , Constantine Sedikides","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a new conceptualization of communal narcissism, the Narcissistic Sanctity and Heroism Concept (NSHC). We define narcissistic sanctity as<!--> <!-->a biased sense of exceptional warmth and morality, and narcissistic heroism as a heightened sense of self-importance in improving the social world.<!--> <!-->Drawing on 11 samples<!--> <!-->(<em>N</em> = 5606; 56 % women; Polish general population), we validated the NSHC, using<!--> <!-->circumplex models and peer-rating data. Sanctity reflects a communal<!--> <!-->orientation, as evidenced in relation to narcissistic grandiosity, narcissistic antagonism, personality correlates, and overrating on communal (but not agentic) traits. Heroism reflects a communal and agentic orientation, as evidenced in relation to narcissistic grandiosity, narcissistic antagonism, personality correlates, and overrating on agentic and communal traits. The NSHC has theoretical and empirical promise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104675
Hamidreza Fereidouni, Muhammad R. Asad, Michael D. Robinson
Although personality encompasses thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, we know comparatively little about the personality-thought interface. The present investigation (3 studies, total N = 486) used a novel laboratory paradigm to assess spontaneous thinking that was not off-task. The personality trait of agreeableness has been characterized in terms of pro-relationship motivation, which, it was hypothesized, would be evident in the content of spontaneous thoughts. Across the 3 studies, higher levels of agreeableness were linked to thinking about relationships more frequently and this association was both robust and discriminant with respect to other thought categories and state affect. Findings are discussed with respect to the motivational substrates of spontaneous thinking and their likely role in linking agreeableness to pro-relationship functioning.
{"title":"What do agreeable people think about? spontaneous thoughts as a component of personality","authors":"Hamidreza Fereidouni, Muhammad R. Asad, Michael D. Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although personality encompasses thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, we know comparatively little about the personality-thought interface. The present investigation (3 studies, total <em>N</em> = 486) used a novel laboratory paradigm to assess spontaneous thinking that was not off-task. The personality trait of agreeableness has been characterized in terms of pro-relationship motivation, which, it was hypothesized, would be evident in the content of spontaneous thoughts. Across the 3 studies, higher levels of agreeableness were linked to thinking about relationships more frequently and this association was both robust and discriminant with respect to other thought categories and state affect. Findings are discussed with respect to the motivational substrates of spontaneous thinking and their likely role in linking agreeableness to pro-relationship functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 104675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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