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Perfectionistic strivings and conscientiousness as differential predictors of goal setting (in)flexibility in real-life situations: A mixture latent Markov approach 完美主义努力和尽责性作为现实生活中目标设定灵活性的差异预测因素：一种混合潜在马尔可夫方法
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104587
Tanja Lischetzke, Gloria Grommisch , Elisabeth Prestele, Simon Stuber, Christine Altstötter-Gleich
Theoretical frameworks postulate that high perfectionistic strivings are associated with inflexibility in goal setting (i.e., goal setting that is not responsive to performance outcomes), distinguishing them from conscientiousness. We examined goal levels set by 178 preservice teachers in an average of five repeated performance situations, using self-reported aspiration level and self- and supervisor-reported goal difficulty as observed indicators. Adopting a mixture latent Markov approach to model goal-setting inflexibility, we found that perfectionistic strivings predicted membership in a latent class of participants who inflexibly set high goals. Conscientiousness predicted membership in a latent class with inflexible goal setting and avoidance of high goals. Results suggest that perfectionistic strivings are associated with adherence to challenging goals, even after lower achievement, beyond conscientiousness.
理论框架假设，高度完美主义的追求与目标设定的不灵活性有关（即，目标设定对绩效结果没有反应），将其与尽责性区分开来。我们研究了178名职前教师在平均五种重复表现情境中设定的目标水平，使用自我报告的期望水平和自我和主管报告的目标难度作为观察指标。采用混合潜马尔可夫方法来模拟目标设定的不灵活性，我们发现完美主义的努力预测了不灵活地设定高目标的参与者的潜在类别的成员资格。尽责性预测了目标设定不灵活和回避高目标的潜在阶层的成员资格。结果表明，完美主义的努力与坚持具有挑战性的目标有关，即使在较低的成就之后，超出了责任心。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal relationship between perceptions of educational situations and aggressiveness among juveniles 青少年教育情境感知与攻击性的时间关系
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104599
Karol Konaszewski , Radosław Rogoza , Seweryn Nogalski , Maciej Karwowski
The aim of the study was to analyze the temporal relationship between psychological perceptions (i.e., situational DIAMONDS) of educational situations and aggressiveness among juveniles (N = 726) referred by the courts to educational and probation centers. Our two-wave analyses suggested that the relationships between aggressiveness and perceptions of the educational situation were not reciprocal. Specifically, we found that aggressiveness measured at Time 1 was positively related to perceptions of the situation as negative and deceiving at Time 2. In contrast, none of the eight DIAMONDS situation dimensions at T1 were related to aggressiveness at T2. The results show that aggressiveness can explain how juveniles define educational situations.
本研究的目的是分析由法院转介到教育和缓刑中心的青少年（N = 726）对教育情境的心理知觉（即情境diamond）与攻击性之间的时间关系。我们的两波分析表明，攻击性和对教育状况的看法之间的关系并不是相互的。具体来说，我们发现在时间1中测量的攻击性与在时间2中对消极和欺骗的情况的感知呈正相关。相比之下，T1时的8个DIAMONDS情境维度均与T2时的攻击性无关。结果表明，攻击性可以解释青少年如何定义教育情境。
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引用次数: 0
People “fake-good” on personality self-reports more strongly in a job context than in a dating context 人们在工作环境中比在约会环境中更倾向于“假好”
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104596
Richard Rau , Louisa M. Schömann , Michael P. Grosz
Socially desirable responding can impair the validity of self-report questionnaires, especially in high-stakes situations in which people are incentivized to manage the impression they make on others. The current experiment examined the context dependency of impression management. Participants (N = 231) completed the Big Five Inventory-2 twice, first honestly and then with faking-good instructions in a job or dating context. Socially desirable responding was present in both contexts but was more pronounced in the job context than in the dating context for many (but not all) Big Five domains and facets. Future research should investigate whether faking behavior differs across contexts not only under faking-good instructions but also in high-stakes situations (e.g., personnel selection or online dating).
社会期望的回答会削弱自我报告问卷的有效性，特别是在高风险的情况下，人们被激励去管理他们给别人的印象。本实验考察了印象管理的语境依赖性。参与者（N = 231）完成了两次“五大清单-2”，第一次是诚实的，然后是在工作或约会环境中假装良好的指示。社会期望的回应在这两种情况下都存在，但在工作环境中比在约会环境中更明显（但不是全部）五大领域和方面。未来的研究应该调查假装行为是否在不同的情境下有所不同，不仅是在假装好的指示下，而且在高风险的情况下（例如，人事选择或在线约会）。
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引用次数: 0
On the relationship between honesty-humility and truth-bias 论诚实谦卑与真理偏见的关系
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104600
Nina Reinhardt , Simon Schindler
We hypothesized a positive correlation between HEXACO Honesty-Humility (H-H) and truth bias due to higher trustworthiness expectations for people higher in H-H. We also predicted that H-H and the correct classification of truthful and deceptive messages should be uncorrelated. In three high-powered online studies conducted via Prolific, we applied classical lie-truth detection tasks. An internal meta-analysis (N = 1,484) revealed no significant effect, neither for the H-H truth-bias link, nor for the H-H detection accuracy link. We discuss the shortcomings of the present set of studies and theoretical implications for future research on the relationship between personality traits and veracity judgments, focusing on the role of variability in different measurement paradigms.
我们假设 HEXACO 诚实-谦逊（H-H）与真实性偏差之间存在正相关，因为对 H-H 值较高的人有较高的可信度期望。我们还预测，H-H 与真实信息和欺骗信息的正确分类应该是不相关的。在通过 Prolific 进行的三项高功率在线研究中，我们应用了经典的谎言-真相检测任务。一项内部荟萃分析（N = 1,484）显示，H-H 与真实性偏差的联系和 H-H 检测准确性的联系都没有显著影响。我们讨论了本组研究的不足之处，以及对未来人格特质与真实性判断之间关系研究的理论意义，重点是不同测量范式中变异性的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Trait empathy predicts a preference for the spirit of the law: Nationally representative survey evidence 同理心特质预示着对法律精神的偏好：全国代表性调查证据
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104605
Guilherme da Franca Couto Fernandes de Almeida , Brian Flanagan , Ivar Rodriguez Hannikainen
People often disagree about whether a rule’s text or its spirit should govern its application. To what extent is this disagreement explained by personality traits? In a pre-registered, nationally representative study (N = 385), by-participant regressions revealed that, for most participants, both text and purpose exert influence over rule application. Moreover, we found confirmatory evidence that more empathic participants were more likely to rely on purpose in their rule violation judgments. We also found exploratory associations between the personality dimensions of agreeableness and extraversion and one’s propensity to rely on text or purpose. In contrast, we found no correlation between rule-based decision-making style and differences in moral foundations and need for closure.
人们经常对规则的文本或精神是否应该支配其应用产生分歧。这种分歧在多大程度上可以用性格特征来解释？在一项预先登记的、具有全国代表性的研究（N = 385）中，按参与者进行的回归显示，对大多数参与者来说，文本和目的都对规则的适用产生影响。此外，我们发现了确凿的证据，即更多的共情参与者更有可能在他们的违规判断中依赖目的。我们还发现亲和性和外向性的人格维度与依赖文本或目的的倾向之间存在探索性联系。相比之下，我们发现基于规则的决策风格与道德基础和关闭需求的差异之间没有相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Intellectual humility in romantic relationships: Implications for relationship satisfaction, argument frequency, and conflict behaviors 恋爱关系中的智力谦逊：对关系满意度、争论频率和冲突行为的影响
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104598
Katrina P. Jongman-Sereno , Jessica C. Reich , Richard S. Pond Jr. , Mark R. Leary
People who recognize that their viewpoints might be wrong – that is, people higher in intellectual humility (IH) – should fare better in conflicts with relationship partners than people lower in IH. Both members of 74 heterosexual couples (Mage = 32.2 years) completed measures of IH, relationship quality, how well they get along, self and partner behaviors during arguments, and perceptions of their partner’s motives. Couples in which partners were higher in IH fared better on some indices than couples in which partners were lower in IH. Men’s IH was related to their own as well as their partners’ relationship perceptions, whereas women’s IH was related only to their own perceptions. The results have implications for managing conflicts in romantic relationships.
那些认识到自己的观点可能是错误的人——也就是说，智力谦逊度较高的人——在与伴侣的冲突中应该比智力谦逊度较低的人表现得更好。74对异性恋夫妇（年龄为32.2岁）都完成了IH、关系质量、他们相处得如何、争吵时自己和伴侣的行为以及对伴侣动机的看法。在某些指标上，伴侣的健康指数较高的夫妇比伴侣的健康指数较低的夫妇表现得更好。男性的幸福指数与他们自己以及他们伴侣的关系感知有关，而女性的幸福指数只与她们自己的感知有关。研究结果对处理恋爱关系中的冲突具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Improving self-knowledge: How performance feedback impacts individuals’ self-estimates of their cognitive abilities 提高自我认识：绩效反馈如何影响个人对其认知能力的自我评估
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104606
Sandra Grinschgl , Gabriela Hofer , Aljoscha C. Neubauer
Individuals assess their cognitive abilities in different situations, however, those self-estimates are rather inaccurate. In two experiments (each N = 200), we investigated whether performance feedback improves the accuracy of self-estimates. Our participants performed cognitive tasks and estimated their abilities beforehand. One half received feedback on their performance, whereas the other half did not. Then, all participants estimated their abilities and performed each task again. Overall, performance feedback did not impact self-estimate accuracy for a variety of cognitive abilities. Interestingly, the correlations between performance ratings and performance got higher over time in both groups and for most ability domains, suggesting that practice enhances self-estimate accuracy. Thus, experience with a task and self-estimates might foster self-knowledge, rather than performance feedback.
个体在不同的情况下评估自己的认知能力，然而，这些自我评估是相当不准确的。在两个实验（每个N = 200）中，我们研究了绩效反馈是否提高了自我估计的准确性。我们的参与者执行认知任务，并事先评估他们的能力。其中一半人的表现得到了反馈，而另一半则没有。然后，所有参与者评估自己的能力，并再次执行每项任务。总体而言，表现反馈并不影响各种认知能力的自我估计准确性。有趣的是，随着时间的推移，在两组和大多数能力领域中，表现评级和表现之间的相关性都变得更高，这表明练习提高了自我评估的准确性。因此，任务经验和自我评估可能会促进自我认识，而不是绩效反馈。
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引用次数: 0
Three facets of narcissism in their relations to the experienced emotions and their variability 自恋的三个方面与经历情感的关系及其可变性
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104610
Radosław Rogoza , Marta Rogoza , Ana Blasco-Belled , Jarosław Jastrzębski
Narcissism is defined as a multidimensional construct composed of three facets: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic. We assessed the relations between these facets of trait narcissism to trait and state emotions. We conducted a cross-sectional (N = 356) and seven-day long daily-diary study (N = 199; k = 1272 observations). As registered, we provided evidence that trait and state antagonistic emotions are positively associated with all facets of narcissism, while agentic and neurotic emotions are only related to their respective narcissistic counterparts. Agentic narcissism predicted faster recovery from experiencing neurotic emotions, while neurotic narcissism predicted increases in the time needed for returning to equilibrium. These results highlight that emotions may play an important role in explaining the fluctuations in narcissism.
自恋被定义为由三个方面组成的多维结构：能动性、对抗性和神经质。我们评估了特质自恋的这些方面与特质和状态情绪之间的关系。我们进行了一项横断面研究（N = 356）和为期7天的每日日记研究(N = 199；K = 1272个观测值)。我们提供的证据表明，特质性和状态性的敌对情绪与自恋的各个方面都有正相关，而能动性和神经性情绪只与它们各自的自恋对应物相关。代理型自恋预示着从神经质情绪中恢复得更快，而神经质型自恋预示着恢复平衡所需的时间会增加。这些结果强调，情绪可能在解释自恋的波动中起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Fibbing friends: self and friend perceptions of honesty and honesty-adjacent characteristics 说谎的朋友：自我和朋友对诚实的感知以及与诚实相邻的特征
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104612
Hyewon Yang, Aislinn E. Low, William J. Chopik
Using round-robin data from 193 friendship quads, we investigated consensus and bias in honesty and honesty-related (i.e., honesty-humility) judgments among friends. Participants rated themselves and each friend on three direct honesty scales and the honesty-humility trait scale. Social Relations Model analyses showed low consensus for honesty and honesty-humility relative to the Big Five traits, indicating limited agreement among friends on who is honest. Perceiver and relationship variance explained most variance: perceiver variance (e.g., generally rating people as similarly [un]sincere) explained more of the honesty-humility ratings and relationship variance (originating from the dyad’s unique relationships) explained more of the direct honesty measures. Self-other agreement was low across measures, whereas assumed similarity was high. Implications for honesty and friendship research are discussed.
使用来自193个友谊四组的循环数据，我们调查了朋友之间在诚实和诚实相关（即诚实-谦卑）判断方面的共识和偏见。参与者根据三个直接诚实量表和诚实-谦卑特质量表给自己和每个朋友打分。社会关系模型分析显示，相对于五大特征，诚实和诚实-谦卑的一致性较低，这表明朋友之间对谁诚实的共识有限。感知差异和关系差异解释了大多数差异：感知差异（例如，通常将人们评为相似的[不]真诚）解释了更多的诚实-谦卑评级，关系差异（源于二人组的独特关系）解释了更多的直接诚实措施。自我与他人的一致性在测量中较低，而假设相似性较高。讨论了诚信和友谊研究的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the predictive validity of behavioral signatures in situational judgment tests 情境判断测验中行为特征的预测效度评估
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Journal of Research in Personality
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104604
Theresa Leyens , Patrick Mussel , Johannes Hewig , Joeri Hofmans
This study assesses behavioral signatures (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) in Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs), which provide the opportunity to not only capture individuals’ average behavior but also evaluate their patterns of behavioral fluctuations across SJT items (i.e., “behavioral signatures”). We tested the idea that these behavioral signatures enhance the prediction of future behavior beyond mean level scores. Data were collected from 255 participants who completed a 110-item SJT, consisting of 22 items for a facet of each Big Five dimension respectively. Our findings suggest that, indeed, behavioral signatures of Openness to ideas (a facet of Openness to experience) explain unique variance in the prediction of final secondary grades in Math and German, as well as GPA.
这项研究评估行为特征(Mischel &；Shoda, 1995)在情景判断测试（SJT）中，它提供了一个机会，不仅捕捉个人的平均行为，而且评估他们在SJT项目中的行为波动模式（即“行为特征”）。我们测试了这样一种观点，即这些行为特征增强了对未来行为的预测，超出了平均水平分数。数据收集自255名参与者，他们完成了110个项目的SJT，包括22个项目，分别代表每个大五维度的一个方面。我们的研究结果表明，确实，思想开放的行为特征（经验开放的一个方面）解释了预测数学和德语最终中学成绩以及GPA的独特差异。
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引用次数: 0
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