Journal of Research in Personality最新文献

Within the present research, we conducted a close replication of Paul et al. (2022), who reported the HEXACO Honesty-Humility trait to be positively correlated with prosocial lies by applying a procedure in which participants should rate a poorly written essay. Consistent with the original study, participants (N = 324) higher in Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness showed more prosocial lying. Because the associations disappeared within a shared regression model, we assume the correlation between Honesty-Humility and prosocial lies to be weaker than postulated within the original study and to be at least as equivalently strong as the association between Agreeableness and prosocial lies. The validity and generalizability of the findings and the limitations of the original and the replication study are discussed.

Psychosocial stress is a key predictor of adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Yet, the field of stress science has been limited by insufficient consideration of individual differences, particularly personality, as well as imprecise definitions and assessment of stress. The focus of this special issue is on personality associations with stress risk and resilience, including the potential mechanisms underlying these associations.

The Dark Triad is a constellation of related traits that capture subclinical aversive predispositions. The present research tested whether the Dark Triad predicts ideological poking, defined as the public display of products aimed at insulting political opponents. Study 1 (N = 299) indicated that psychopathy (but not Machiavellianism or narcissism) predicted ideological poking. Study 2 (N = 200) replicated this effect and specified further that psychopathy was associated with ideological poking around both ingroup and outgroup audiences. These results suggest that the Dark Triad, in particular psychopathy, may contribute to political polarization via its connection to extreme forms of political expression.

Research in (mostly) Western samples has indicated that personality domains’ associations with life outcomes are replicable but often driven by their facets or nuances. Using three diverse samples (English-speaking, N=1,232; Russian-Speaking, N=1,604; Mandarin-speaking, N=1,216), we compared personality trait-outcome associations at domain, facet, and nuance levels, both within and among samples. Trait-outcome associations were at least moderately consistent among samples for all trait-hierarchy levels (average intraclass correlations = 0.64 to 0.74). Nuances provided the strongest predictive accuracy, both within and among samples. Trait-outcome associations were higher among English-speakers than Mandarin and Russian-speakers. Our observations suggested moderate generalizability among diverse samples, with nuances providing unique and replicable information. This offers potential to improve understanding of trait-outcome patterns.

Attitudes and experiences of touch vary considerably between individuals and also shift in response to societal change. This preregistered study examined predictors of inter-individual variability in touch attitudes and experiences in a large and diverse UK healthy adult sample (N = 15,166). Trait extraversion was the strongest predictor of day-to-day social touch attitudes (e.g., handshakes), where greater extraversion predicted more positive attitudes. Attachment avoidance and anxiety most strongly predicted attitudes and experiences of intimate touch (e.g., kissing, caressing). This study is the first to analyse the relative contribution of individual difference predictors to this broad range of touch attitudes and experiences. Findings highlight the complex interplay between perceiver and context in shaping touch experiences.

Contemporary integrative interpersonal theory (CIIT) posits that successful social interactions are characterized by complementarity: correspondence in interpersonal warmth and reciprocity in interpersonal dominance. Interactions with high complementarity evoke more positive affect and less negative affect. Modeling complementarity is challenging because it requires capturing the interpersonal behavior of individuals along the two dimensions of warmth and dominance. This study compares three approaches—statistical interaction, multilevel response surface analysis, and Euclidean distance—for modeling complementarity across four datasets. The approaches varied in the consistency of findings and proportion of variance explained. Findings suggest the Euclidean approach for parsimony and theoretical coherence, whereas multilevel response surface analysis is preferable for comprehensively modeling the interplay of self and other on the interpersonal dimensions.

Six studies (total valid N = 1835) examined the impact of personal relative deprivation on moral judgments of one’s own unethical behavior and the moderating role of sense of control. It was found that individuals high (vs. low) on relative deprivation were more likely to endorse lenient moral standards for themselves regarding various imagined transgressions. Moreover, Studies 4–6 also provided evidence for a positive moderation effect of sense of control in the relationship between relative deprivation and the acceptability of one’s own moral transgressions. These findings suggest that individuals, especially those with a high sense of control, may justify their immoral actions to compensate for the hurt feelings of relative deprivation.

A study by Krauss et al. (2020) suggested that the family environment (e.g., parental warmth, economic conditions of family) plays an important role for self-esteem development in adolescence. The present research sought to closely replicate and extend the study, using 4-wave longitudinal data from the Iowa Youth and Families Project, including 451 families. To replicate the prior study, we conducted the same set of analyses with similar measures and multi-informant assessments of mothers, fathers, and children from the same families. To extend the previous study, we tested novel aspects (i.e., controlling for prior exposure and testing the effect of the quality of sibling relationships). Overall, the findings provide no evidence for prospective effects between family environment and self-esteem in adolescence.

Narrative identity research typically assumes that people always play the role of the main character in the life stories they provide (McAdams, 2018). However, it is possible that some people view themselves as playing the role of a “side” character or minor character in their life story. Such views of the self are likely to influence well-being outcomes. In three studies we use a novel self-report method to show that seeing oneself as a major versus minor character within one’s own life story significantly impacts well-being both prospectively and retrospectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that this major character construct is associated with rated psychological need satisfaction, autonomous goal pursuit, and coded agency. We believe these findings contribute to expanding available autobiographical assessments and predictions of well-being from narrative data.