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Measuring personality Traits:Simulations Exploring (Mis)Alignment between methods and measurands 测量人格特质:模拟探索(错误)方法和测量之间的一致性
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104601
Patrick K. Durkee
Measuring personality traits requires that measurement methods align with intended measurands. There are two broad classes of personality trait measurands: 1) differences in patterns of behavior; and 2) differences in the underlying psychological generators of behavioral patterns. It is often unclear which of these potential measurands is the focus of a given research study, hindering evaluation of measure-measurand alignment. It is also unclear how well common measurement approaches can be expected to recover different measurands. To evaluate personality measure-measurand (mis)alignment, this study employs simulations examining the ability of different measurement approaches to recover different personality measurands. The simulations highlight challenges in capturing personality trait measurands and offer insight into assumptions researchers must explicate to bolster personality measure-measurand alignment.
测量人格特征需要测量方法与预期测量方法一致。有两大类人格特质的测量方法:1)行为模式的差异;2)行为模式的潜在心理因素的差异。通常不清楚这些潜在度量中的哪一个是给定研究的重点,从而阻碍了度量-度量校准的评价。同样不清楚的是,普通的测量方法能在多大程度上恢复不同的测量值。为了评估人格测量-测量(错误)一致性,本研究采用模拟方法检验不同测量方法对不同人格测量的恢复能力。这些模拟突出了捕捉人格特质测量的挑战,并为研究人员必须阐明的假设提供了洞见,以加强人格测量与测量的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Registered Report Stage II: Does personality vary by relationship power? An investigation of satisfaction in diverse romantic partnerships 注册报告第二阶段:人格会因关系权力而改变吗?对不同恋爱关系满意度的调查
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104597
Eleanor J. Junkins , D.A. Briley , Brian G. Ogolsky , Jaime Derringer
Power dynamics are intrinsic to interpersonal interactions. Historically, researchers studied romantic relationship power dynamics in the context of man-woman dyads, potentially confounding gender and power effects. We examined the associations among relationship satisfaction, relationship power, and individual characteristics, including dimensional assessments of gender expression and other personality and sociodemographic characteristics. We performed secondary analyses in a dataset (N = 1,750) that was diverse with respect to gender identity, sexual orientation, and relationship structure. Using complementary nonparametric statistical approaches for interactions and multilevel group analysis, we estimated the extent to which associations among key relationship features and personal characteristics vary and account for effects within- versus between-groups. Despite negligible average estimates of moderation of associations between personality traits and relationship satisfaction by relationship power, moderation was more pronounced for certain groups at certain levels of relationship power. When looking at intersectional participant groupings, there was more variation in the association with relationship satisfaction between-groups when based on identity (gender, relationship-type, SGM, assigned sex at birth) than resource indicators (age, education, leadership, SES). The findings demonstrate that person characteristics play a complex role in romantic relationships. Nonlinear models allowing composite consideration of multiple identities and sociodemographic characteristics can reveal nuanced boundaries on associations between personality, relationship power, and relationship satisfaction.
权力动态是人际互动的内在因素。一直以来,研究人员都是在男女双方的背景下研究恋爱关系中的权力动态,这可能会混淆性别和权力效应。我们研究了恋爱关系满意度、恋爱关系权力和个体特征之间的关联,包括性别表达的维度评估以及其他人格和社会人口特征。我们在性别认同、性取向和关系结构方面具有多样性的数据集(N = 1,750)中进行了二次分析。我们使用互补的非参数统计方法进行交互作用和多层次群体分析,估计了主要关系特征和个人特征之间的关联程度,并考虑了群体内和群体间的影响。尽管人格特质与关系满意度之间的关系因关系权力而产生的调节作用的平均估计值可以忽略不计,但在特定关系权力水平下,某些群体的调节作用更为明显。在研究交叉参与者分组时,与资源指标(年龄、教育、领导力、社会经济地位)相比,基于身份(性别、关系类型、SGM、出生时的性别分配)的分组间关系满意度关联的差异更大。研究结果表明,个人特征在恋爱关系中扮演着复杂的角色。非线性模型可以综合考虑多重身份和社会人口特征,揭示人格、关系权力和关系满意度之间的细微界限。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and interpretation of personality and individual differences constructs 人格和个体差异结构的建模和解释
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104608
Emorie D. Beck, Mijke Rhemtulla
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引用次数: 0
Perfectionism, anxiety sensitivity, and statistics anxiety: A test of the vulnerability-stress model using a 2-wave longitudinal study 完美主义,焦虑敏感性和统计焦虑:使用两波纵向研究的脆弱性-压力模型的检验
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104611
Sean P. Mackinnon , Sean M. Alexander , Ren Chen , Robert A. Cribbie , Gordon L. Flett , Taylor G. Hill
We predicted that low statistics grades, anxiety sensitivity, and trait perfectionism would be associated with increased statistics anxiety and worsened statistics attitudes. We also expected a grades by personality interaction, consistent with the vulnerability-stress model. Participants included 423 students currently taking a statistics class. We used a two-wave longitudinal design using self-reported online surveys at the beginning of term and after final grades were released. Grades were self-reported letter grades in statistics classes. Grades predicted increased statistics anxiety and worsened attitudes. Anxiety sensitivity predicted increased statistics anxiety. Self-critical perfectionism positively predicted statistics anxiety, but not attitudes. Rigid perfectionism was not significantly associated with either outcome. No interaction effects were statistically significant, failing to support the vulnerability-stress model.
我们预测统计成绩低、焦虑敏感性和特质完美主义与统计焦虑增加和统计态度恶化有关。我们还期望通过个性互动来评分,这与脆弱性-压力模型相一致。参与者包括423名正在上统计学课的学生。我们采用两波纵向设计,在学期开始和期末成绩公布后使用自我报告的在线调查。成绩是统计课上自我报告的字母成绩。分数预示着统计数据的增加、焦虑和态度的恶化。焦虑敏感性预示着统计焦虑的增加。自我批判型完美主义对统计焦虑有正向预测,但对态度没有正向预测。刚性完美主义与两种结果都没有显著关联。交互效应无统计学意义,不支持脆弱性-应激模型。
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引用次数: 0
Semantic meaning means a lot: Exploring the role of semantics in the development of a Big Five taxonomy 语义意义意义重大:探索语义在五大分类法发展中的作用
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104570
Gabriel Bernardes, Beatriz Bozza, Marina Motta, Paulo Mattos, Ronald Fischer
Developing a Big Five adjective taxonomy in Brazilian Portuguese, we explored the effects of linguistic properties in our classification processes. The first two studies implement top-down (expert ratings) and bottom-up (self-ratings from a community sample; N = 500) strategies for taxonomy classification and validation. We identified a clear five-factor structure with 171 adjectives supporting the Big Five. Study 3 correlated frequency of use and the semantic dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance to Big Five measures for each adjective. We found weak effects of frequency, but systematic effects of semantic dimensions with expert ratings and component loadings, that were congruent with differences and overlaps between the five traits. We discuss the potential role of linguistic effects on personality structure and assessment.
我们发展了巴西葡萄牙语的五大形容词分类法,探讨了语言特性在分类过程中的影响。前两项研究采用自顶向下(专家评分)和自底向上(社区样本的自我评分);N = 500)分类分类和验证策略。我们确定了一个清晰的五要素结构,用171个形容词来支持五大要素。研究3将每个形容词的使用频率和效价、唤醒和支配的语义维度与五大测量相关联。我们发现频率的影响较弱,但具有专家评级和成分负载的语义维度的系统影响与五个特征之间的差异和重叠一致。我们讨论了语言效应在人格结构和评估中的潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
Adverse and positive childhood experiences and their associations with dark personality traits 消极和积极的童年经历及其与黑暗人格特质的关系
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104583
George Van Doorn , Jacob Dye , Robert Teese

Background

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism, while positive parenting practices correlate with narcissism.

Objective

We investigated whether ACEs and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) predict Dark Tetrad traits, and whether PCEs moderate these relationships.

Participants and Setting

A total of 931 participants (283 men, 632 women, 16 non-binary; Mage = 35.72 years, SD = 12.52) completed an online survey.

Method

Participants completed the NPI, SRP-III, Mach-IV, SIS, CES-17, and the BCES.

Results

ACEs predicted psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism, while PCEs were positively associated with narcissism. PCEs moderated the relationships between ACEs and (a) psychopathy, and (b) sadism.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the protective role PCEs play in the development of certain Dark Tetrad traits.
不良童年经历(ace)与精神病、自恋和马基雅维利主义有关,而积极的育儿实践与自恋有关。目的探讨ace和积极童年经历(pce)是否能预测黑暗四分体特征,以及pce是否能调节这些关系。参与者和环境共931名参与者(283名男性,632名女性,16名非二元;(年龄= 35.72岁,SD = 12.52)完成在线调查。方法参与者完成NPI、SRP-III、Mach-IV、SIS、CES-17和BCES。结果pce与精神病、自恋、虐待倾向呈正相关,pce与自恋倾向呈正相关。pce调节了ace与(a)精神病和(b)虐待狂之间的关系。结论pce在某些黑暗四分体性状的发育中具有保护作用。
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引用次数: 0
Dark tetrad traits in politicians and voter behavior: Joe Biden and Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election 政治家和选民行为中的黑暗四人格特征:2020年总统大选中的乔·拜登和唐纳德·特朗普
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104568
Monika Prusik
While the erosion of democracy is often tied to specific political figures, not many studies have examined how perceived aversive personality traits in politicians relate to voter behavior. In our study (N = 456), we investigated how dark tetrad traits (DTTs) − subclinical Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism − observed in presidential candidates Biden and Trump related to potential voters’ willingness to support them. Both candidates were perceived as exhibiting significant DTT levels, except Biden showed average everyday sadism. Trump was seen as higher on most DTTs compared to Biden, except for Machiavellianism. Trump was predominantly characterized as narcissistic, sadistic, psychopathic, and Machiavellian, while Biden was viewed as mostly Machiavellian, narcissistic, and psychopathic. Perceptions correlated with political orientation, showing ingroup favoritism. Democrats attributed dark triad traits—especially narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism—more to Trump than Biden, whereas Republicans viewed them more homogeneously. Importantly, DTT attributions associated with voting willingness accounted for substantial variance. However, this relationship was nuanced: political favoritism impacted results, with e.g. Trump’s narcissism increasing Republican’s but decreasing Democrat’s voting intention towards him; trait severity mattered, with lighter narcissism and Machiavellianism more accepted than darker psychopathy and sadism; asymmetry existed, with Biden’s narcissism viewed positively regardless of political orientation but in Trump’s case it did not; and an opponent effect occurred where DTTs mattered more as seen in un unfavored candidate. The modified SD4 scale proved psychometrically sound for measuring politician DTTs. The findings underscore the importance of investigating such traits in politicians, especially during 2024—a global election year.
虽然民主的侵蚀通常与特定的政治人物联系在一起,但很少有研究调查政客身上令人反感的性格特征与选民行为之间的关系。在我们的研究中(N = 456),我们调查了在总统候选人拜登和特朗普身上观察到的黑暗四人格特征(dtt)——亚临床马基雅维利主义、自恋、精神病和虐待狂——与潜在选民支持他们的意愿之间的关系。两位候选人都被认为表现出明显的DTT水平,除了拜登表现出平均的日常虐待狂。除了马基雅维利主义之外,特朗普在大多数dts上的得分都高于拜登。特朗普主要被描述为自恋、虐待、精神变态和马基雅维利主义,而拜登则被认为是马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神变态。认知与政治倾向相关,表现出群体内偏袒。民主党人认为特朗普比拜登更具有黑暗的性格特征——尤其是自恋、精神病和虐待狂,而共和党人对这些特征的看法更为一致。重要的是,与投票意愿相关的DTT归因占了很大的方差。然而,这种关系是微妙的:政治偏袒影响结果,例如特朗普的自恋增加了共和党人对他的投票意愿,但减少了民主党人对他的投票意愿;性格严重程度很重要,较轻的自恋和马基雅维利主义比较深的精神病和虐待狂更容易被接受;不对称是存在的,无论政治取向如何,拜登的自恋都被视为积极的,但在特朗普的情况下,情况并非如此;而在不受欢迎的候选人中,dtt更重要的地方出现了对手效应。改良的SD4量表被证明在心理测量学上是有效的。研究结果强调了调查政治家这些特质的重要性,尤其是在2024年——全球大选年。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding genius: Big data insights into the evolution of genius personalities 解码天才:天才性格演变的大数据洞察
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104580
Liang Xu
This research investigates the depiction of the Big Five personality traits in geniuses using a dataset comprising millions of English-language books published from 1800 to 2019. This analysis uncovers significant historical shifts in the traits attributed to geniuses, particularly a persistent emphasis on openness and a decrease in mentions of extraversion. Word frequency analysis shows that geniuses are often described as more extraverted, open, and neurotic, but less agreeable and conscientious compared to the general population, challenging traditional stereotypes of high intellectual and creative abilities and shedding light on the “mad genius” stereotype. This study illuminates the changing perceptions of genius, highlighting how these transformations mirror broader cultural and historical shifts.
这项研究使用了一个由1800年至2019年出版的数百万本英语书籍组成的数据集,调查了对天才五大人格特征的描述。这一分析揭示了天才特质的重大历史变化,尤其是对开放性的持续强调和对外向性的减少。词频分析显示,天才通常被描述为更外向、开放和神经质,但与普通人相比,他们不那么随和和尽责,这挑战了人们对高智商和创造力的传统刻板印象,并揭示了“疯狂天才”的刻板印象。这项研究阐明了天才观念的变化,强调了这些变化如何反映了更广泛的文化和历史变迁。
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引用次数: 0
Transgenerational Transmission: An Investigation of Parents’ Achievement Motives, Achievement Imagery in Children’s Books and Children’s Academic Performance 跨代传递:父母成就动机、儿童书籍成就意象与儿童学习成绩的关系研究
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104569
J. Malte Runge , Birk Hagemeyer , Franz J. Neyer , Stefan Engeser
We investigated the relationship between parents’ implicit and explicit achievement motives and their children’s academic performance, examining whether achievement imagery in children’s books mediated this relationship. For N = 178 parents, we assessed achievement motives, prevalence of achievement imagery in children’s books at home, parental educational expectation, and children’s academic performance in Grade 4. The findings support a positive relationship between parents’ achievement motives and children’s performance, with some support for educational expectation. However, there was no evidence that achievement imagery mediated this relationship. Parents’ achievement motives did not correlate significantly with achievement imagery, nor did achievement imagery show expected positive relationships with grades. The implications for transgenerational transmission of achievement striving are discussed.
本研究考察了父母内隐和外显成就动机与子女学业成绩之间的关系,并考察了儿童书籍中的成就意象是否介导了这种关系。对178名家长,我们评估了他们的成就动机、家庭儿童书籍中成就意象的流行程度、父母的教育期望和孩子在四年级的学习成绩。研究结果支持父母的成就动机与孩子的表现之间存在正相关关系,对教育期望也有一定的支持。然而,没有证据表明成就意象介导了这种关系。父母的成就动机与成就意象没有显著相关,成就意象与成绩也没有预期的正相关关系。讨论了成就追求的跨代传递的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Erratum to “(Un)Locking self-motivation: Action versus state orientation moderates the effect of demanding conditions on self-regulatory performance” [J. Res. Pers. 104 (2023) 104361] 对“锁定自我激励:行动与状态取向调节要求条件对自我调节绩效的影响”的更正[J]。Res. Pers. 104 (2023) 104361]
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104581
Karla Waldenmeier , Katja M. Friederichs , Julius Kuhl , Nicola Baumann
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Research in Personality
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