Journal of Research in Personality最新文献

This paper introduces Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory, an extension of Intellectual Investment Trait Theory. Our theory extension (a) centers on dynamic within-person effects of cognitive performance states on intellectual investment personality states and vice versa (i.e., reciprocal effects), (b) integrates within-person dynamics and developmental trajectories in cognitive abilities and intellectual investment traits, and (c) is embedded in a continuous-time modeling framework. Aligning personality theories with statistical models, we discuss the most appropriate model for testing Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory: a continuous-time model that combines dynamics and trends. We apply the Continuous-time Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (CT-LCM-SR) in an empirical illustration involving 204 German adults who were assessed roughly 100 times on cognitive abilities (working memory) and intellectual investment personality (interest).

Drawing on Funder’s Realistic Accuracy Model, we investigate key sources of variance in the criterion-related validity of observer-reported personality in predicting target job performance. Specifically, this study builds theory on how observer personality impacts (a) access to and (b) processing of personality cues, influencing the extent to which observer-ratings of target personality predict supervisor ratings of target job performance. Results from a multisource field study (n = 301) indicate that observer-ratings of personality have the potential to capture both higher relative and incremental predictive validity over self-ratings. However, the extent to which observer-ratings outperform self-ratings depends upon personality characteristics of the observers, such that predictive validities are highest when observers score high on measures of conscientiousness, openness, and emotional stability.

Friendship is a central part of human life. However, little is known about how personality traits are related to satisfaction with friendships. Using an Actor-Partner-Interdependence framework, we analyzed actor, partner, partner perception, and similarity effects on friendship satisfaction in 190 friendship dyads. Agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability were positively related to an actor’s friendship satisfaction (actor effect). The actor’s agreeableness was positively linked to the friend’s friendship satisfaction (partner effect). People who described their friends as open, extraverted, or conscientious experienced higher satisfaction (partner perception effect). Yet, indices of trait-wise and profile similarity were not related to friendship satisfaction. The findings highlight that personality is relevant for understanding happiness in close relationships for both actors and their friends.

We use z-curve analysis to estimate the replicability of 187 moderation effects in which the predictor, outcome, and moderator variables were all measured continuously and that were published in four leading personality journals—Journal of Personality, Journal of Research in Personality, European Journal of Personality, and Personality and Individual Differences. We found an estimated replication rate of 43.80%; that studies published after 2015 performed slightly better than studies published before 2015; and that studies published in the Journal of Research in Personality and the European Journal of Personality performed worse than studies published in the other two journals. We discuss the implications of our findings for studying moderation effects in personality and offer recommendations for improving the replicability of published studies.

Making meaning is an important process through which individuals keep their identity up-to-date, but has often been measured in a way that conflates dispositional, trait-like influences with narrative-specific influences. The present study aimed to disentangle these influences during adolescence by examining the general tendency for meaning making, measured as self-event connections, across three self-relevant narratives in relation to dual-cycle processes of identity commitment and exploration and satisfaction with life (N = 162, M_age = 16.2, 67.3% female). Additionally, these associations were examined separately for the different narratives and event valences. Meaning making was related to the identity processes, but was not associated with satisfaction with life. This study emphasizes the importance of both dispositional and narrative-specific approaches to meaning making.

Differences in transition experiences might explain individual differences in personality trait change. In the present six-wave study, we investigated personality trait change during the transition to work in a sample of students who were in their last two years of their study program (N = 311). We tested whether the transition (i.e., participation in an internship), psychological commitment (i.e., educational identity), and mastery of the transition (i.e., GPA and fit between master degree and job) would predict individual differences in personality trait change. The results indicated that mastery and commitment did not explain individual differences in personality trait change. Only individual differences in extraversion change could be explained by participation in an internship, by means of reduced extraversion in internship students.

We studied how personality traits relate to academic output indicators. Three-hundred Russian academic authors agreed to participate in the study. They completed the Big Five Inventory-2 online; we gathered their h-index, publication counts, and citation counts using the core Russian Science Citation Index database. Three personality facets-Creative Imagination, Productiveness, and Emotional Volatility- showed persistent incremental effects across the academic indicators. Moreover, Emotional Volatility interacted with either Creative Imagination or Productiveness meaning that the authors showed greater academic performance when their creativity or persistence in pursuing goals were accompanied by larger mood swings. Based on these findings and extant literature, we propose an emotional volatility hypothesis, which complements tenets of the normative theory of increased academic output.

Emotion regulation is theorized to be situation-dependent. Thus far, researchers have looked for situational predictors of emotion regulation across individuals without considering that associations could vary from person to person. In a 14-day experience sampling and mobile sensing study (N = 164), we used Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (GIMME) to test how the emotion regulation process (goals, motives, strategies, and success) is linked to aspects of situations. A variety of idiographic associations between situations and emotion regulation emerged. Both self-reported subjective situations and passively sensed objective situations predicted emotion regulation, though more effects emerged for self-reported subjective situations (e.g., perceived negativity, sociality, or duty). Implications are discussed for personalized prediction of and intervention on daily emotion regulation.

Accurate stimulus classification is an important component of decision-making. This study investigated the combined effect of the Five Factor Model with Regulatory Focus personality traits on signal detection in a go/no-go paradigm. Conscientiousness factor analyzed into 2 components: c-perseverance and c-organization. C-perseverance correlated with both prevention and promotion factors while c-organization only correlated with prevention. Prevention predicted both greater sensitivity and slower response speed. C-perseverance was associated with a higher threshold for responding, while c-organization was associated with the reverse. These findings highlight the importance of self-regulation and trait mechanisms in go/no-go classification and may be used to inform recruitment and training techniques for occupations where speeded stimulus discrimination is key, such as for security or threat-detection organizations.