Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1177/00472875231183701
D. Greene, Csilla Demeter, S. Dolnicar
Tourism generates 8% of all greenhouse gas emissions. One way of reducing emissions is to deploy behavioral change interventions that entice tourists to behave in more sustainable ways. In search of the most effective approaches, we conducted a meta-analysis of 118 interventions tested in field experiments in the tourism context. Most studies targeted beliefs and focused on towel reuse, food waste, or resource use. Changing choice architecture ( d = 1.40) and increasing pleasure ( d = 0.66) emerge as the most effective approaches. Imposing penalties for unsustainable behavior ( d = −0.12) and leveraging social norms to trigger sustainable behavior ( d = 0.18) have limited effectiveness. Future work should re-direct attention from designing interventions that modify beliefs toward interventions that change choice architecture or increase the pleasure associated with the desired behavior, and aim at changing a wider range of behaviors, including green transportation and the avoidance of single use plastics.
{"title":"The Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed at Making Tourists Behave in More Environmentally Sustainable Ways: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"D. Greene, Csilla Demeter, S. Dolnicar","doi":"10.1177/00472875231183701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231183701","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism generates 8% of all greenhouse gas emissions. One way of reducing emissions is to deploy behavioral change interventions that entice tourists to behave in more sustainable ways. In search of the most effective approaches, we conducted a meta-analysis of 118 interventions tested in field experiments in the tourism context. Most studies targeted beliefs and focused on towel reuse, food waste, or resource use. Changing choice architecture ( d = 1.40) and increasing pleasure ( d = 0.66) emerge as the most effective approaches. Imposing penalties for unsustainable behavior ( d = −0.12) and leveraging social norms to trigger sustainable behavior ( d = 0.18) have limited effectiveness. Future work should re-direct attention from designing interventions that modify beliefs toward interventions that change choice architecture or increase the pleasure associated with the desired behavior, and aim at changing a wider range of behaviors, including green transportation and the avoidance of single use plastics.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43024252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1177/00472875231182110
G. Agag, Z. Abdelmoety, Riyad Eid
Pandemics are affecting tourism in many ways, and have had a major effect on international travel, the hospitality industry and tourism demand. Grounded in the protective action decision model and complexity theory, this study seeks to develop a model to explain the conditions that have led to travel avoidance in the UK in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To test our proposed model, we used a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of data gathered from 1,290 travelers, with semi-structured interviews conducted to confirm the configurations identified by the model. The findings indicate that effective pandemic information, effective risk communication, supplies, trust in government and trust in the media are necessary to combat travel avoidance, but the refutation of rumor and trust among traveler is not necessary to foster travel avoidance. Furthermore, qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted to obtain deeper insights into the discovered configurations and develop effective pathways to travel avoidance.
{"title":"Understanding the Factors Affecting Travel Avoidance behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Mixed Method Approach","authors":"G. Agag, Z. Abdelmoety, Riyad Eid","doi":"10.1177/00472875231182110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231182110","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemics are affecting tourism in many ways, and have had a major effect on international travel, the hospitality industry and tourism demand. Grounded in the protective action decision model and complexity theory, this study seeks to develop a model to explain the conditions that have led to travel avoidance in the UK in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To test our proposed model, we used a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of data gathered from 1,290 travelers, with semi-structured interviews conducted to confirm the configurations identified by the model. The findings indicate that effective pandemic information, effective risk communication, supplies, trust in government and trust in the media are necessary to combat travel avoidance, but the refutation of rumor and trust among traveler is not necessary to foster travel avoidance. Furthermore, qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted to obtain deeper insights into the discovered configurations and develop effective pathways to travel avoidance.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47451936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1177/00472875231183163
Shugang Li, Boyi Zhu, Zhaoxu Yu
Virtual reality (VR) tourism e-commerce platforms (VRTEPs) can provide trial experience for tourists, which is easy to trigger irrational impulse buying. Based on cognitive emotion theory and S-O-R model, this study innovatively explores the impact of the multi cue-interaction stimulation (the interactivity of VR display and the empathy of text display) of VRTEPs on consumers’ impulse buying intention through the mediating effect of new cognitive and emotional responses, namely, interactive pleasure (perceived usefulness and immersion). The results reveal that: (1) The interactivity of VR display stimulates interactive pleasure, then positively affects impulse buying intention. (2) The empathy of text display only stimulates perceived usefulness to positively affect impulse buying intention. This study also finds that the interactive comparison has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between immersion and impulse buying intention. These findings contribute to developing the new theory for effectively marketing using highly interactive new technology on VRTEPs.
{"title":"The Impact of Cue-Interaction Stimulation on Impulse Buying Intention on Virtual Reality Tourism E-commerce Platforms","authors":"Shugang Li, Boyi Zhu, Zhaoxu Yu","doi":"10.1177/00472875231183163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231183163","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) tourism e-commerce platforms (VRTEPs) can provide trial experience for tourists, which is easy to trigger irrational impulse buying. Based on cognitive emotion theory and S-O-R model, this study innovatively explores the impact of the multi cue-interaction stimulation (the interactivity of VR display and the empathy of text display) of VRTEPs on consumers’ impulse buying intention through the mediating effect of new cognitive and emotional responses, namely, interactive pleasure (perceived usefulness and immersion). The results reveal that: (1) The interactivity of VR display stimulates interactive pleasure, then positively affects impulse buying intention. (2) The empathy of text display only stimulates perceived usefulness to positively affect impulse buying intention. This study also finds that the interactive comparison has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between immersion and impulse buying intention. These findings contribute to developing the new theory for effectively marketing using highly interactive new technology on VRTEPs.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47331083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1177/00472875231179395
Z. Cao, C. Jones, Yama Temouri
Tax havens are often connected to growth in tourism, as finance and tourism conveniently share infrastructural prerequisites. This paper addresses the detrimental impacts of a tax haven development strategy adopted by small open economies in relation to the development of their tourism industry. Utilizing the synthetic control method, we find that since the 2016 Panama Papers scandal, Panama’s tourism exports have fallen relative to an estimated counterfactual level that would have otherwise been attained. Moreover, based on an analysis of panel data drawn from 20 small open economies, we find that in the long run, the growth of the financial industry crowds out the tourism industry. Our findings warn tourism practitioners, based in tax havens, that they face an additional risk linked to potential tax scandals. Furthermore, the tourism industry may suffer reputational harm due to tax haven blacklisting and the crowding out of productive resources by the financial industry. JEL classifications: F43, H26, O57, Z32
{"title":"Tax Havens and Tourism: The Impact of the Panama Papers and the Crowding Out of Tourism by Financial Services","authors":"Z. Cao, C. Jones, Yama Temouri","doi":"10.1177/00472875231179395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231179395","url":null,"abstract":"Tax havens are often connected to growth in tourism, as finance and tourism conveniently share infrastructural prerequisites. This paper addresses the detrimental impacts of a tax haven development strategy adopted by small open economies in relation to the development of their tourism industry. Utilizing the synthetic control method, we find that since the 2016 Panama Papers scandal, Panama’s tourism exports have fallen relative to an estimated counterfactual level that would have otherwise been attained. Moreover, based on an analysis of panel data drawn from 20 small open economies, we find that in the long run, the growth of the financial industry crowds out the tourism industry. Our findings warn tourism practitioners, based in tax havens, that they face an additional risk linked to potential tax scandals. Furthermore, the tourism industry may suffer reputational harm due to tax haven blacklisting and the crowding out of productive resources by the financial industry. JEL classifications: F43, H26, O57, Z32","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42765059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1177/00472875231179400
Aja Ropret Homar, Ljubica Knežević Cvelbar
Findings from behavioral economics suggest the currently low take-up of voluntary carbon offsets (VCOs) could be increased by changing the way choices are presented. In this article, we lean on prospect theory to test the effect of loss framing on air traveler’s VCO behavior and whether this contrasts with attitudes and behavioral intentions. Borrowing from experimental economics, we conduct an incentive-compatible online experiment with a real-effort task. We find that under certain conditions a loss-framed VCO message leads to higher likelihood of offsetting, indicating some presence of loss aversion. The results also reveal a substantial attitude-behavior gap and intention-behavior gap, previously postulated to be particularly strong in the tourism setting but not yet quantified. Importantly, 28% of participants with a negative attitude toward VCOs chose to offset nonetheless, indicating positive attitudes are not a pre-requisite for behavior, as hitherto stipulated. Practical, theoretical, and methodological implications of the findings are discussed.
{"title":"Combatting Climate Change Through Message Framing? A Real Behavior Experiment on Voluntary Carbon Offsetting","authors":"Aja Ropret Homar, Ljubica Knežević Cvelbar","doi":"10.1177/00472875231179400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231179400","url":null,"abstract":"Findings from behavioral economics suggest the currently low take-up of voluntary carbon offsets (VCOs) could be increased by changing the way choices are presented. In this article, we lean on prospect theory to test the effect of loss framing on air traveler’s VCO behavior and whether this contrasts with attitudes and behavioral intentions. Borrowing from experimental economics, we conduct an incentive-compatible online experiment with a real-effort task. We find that under certain conditions a loss-framed VCO message leads to higher likelihood of offsetting, indicating some presence of loss aversion. The results also reveal a substantial attitude-behavior gap and intention-behavior gap, previously postulated to be particularly strong in the tourism setting but not yet quantified. Importantly, 28% of participants with a negative attitude toward VCOs chose to offset nonetheless, indicating positive attitudes are not a pre-requisite for behavior, as hitherto stipulated. Practical, theoretical, and methodological implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65483178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1177/00472875231175080
Fiona X. Yang, Xiangping Li, Jack Bo Cai, Xiling Xiong, I. Wong
“A friend in need is a friend indeed” well elucidates international support amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a dual-process model of emotional appraisal, this mixed-methods research aims to investigate positive psychological responses to international support. Study 1 is a multilevel investigation of the relationships between perceived support, gratitude evoked, and change in attitude toward the benefactor countries. The moderating role of motivational relevance—the province-level prevalence of COVID-19—is also examined. Study 2 uses text mining to analyze online reviews retrieved from a social media platform. The results substantiate aid-induced gratitude and reciprocity manifested through travel intentions and unravel additional factors of motivational relevance—timing, type of support, political and cultural connotations, and comparative appraisals. Study 3 employs an experimental design to validate the causal relationships and reinforces the dual-appraisal mechanism. Managerial implications are provided for destination marketers and industry practitioners to leverage positive psychology for post-pandemic promotion.
{"title":"Kindness for Kindness: A Dual Appraisal of International Support in Response to COVID-19","authors":"Fiona X. Yang, Xiangping Li, Jack Bo Cai, Xiling Xiong, I. Wong","doi":"10.1177/00472875231175080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231175080","url":null,"abstract":"“A friend in need is a friend indeed” well elucidates international support amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a dual-process model of emotional appraisal, this mixed-methods research aims to investigate positive psychological responses to international support. Study 1 is a multilevel investigation of the relationships between perceived support, gratitude evoked, and change in attitude toward the benefactor countries. The moderating role of motivational relevance—the province-level prevalence of COVID-19—is also examined. Study 2 uses text mining to analyze online reviews retrieved from a social media platform. The results substantiate aid-induced gratitude and reciprocity manifested through travel intentions and unravel additional factors of motivational relevance—timing, type of support, political and cultural connotations, and comparative appraisals. Study 3 employs an experimental design to validate the causal relationships and reinforces the dual-appraisal mechanism. Managerial implications are provided for destination marketers and industry practitioners to leverage positive psychology for post-pandemic promotion.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42334874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As numerous travel information is provided on digital platforms, information literacy is becoming increasingly important for tourists to address travel-related problems and ensure a smooth tour experience. This study conceptualizes e-tourism information literacy (eTIL) based on previous researches and develops a scale to measure this construct following a systematic approach, from which, 14 items were generated to measure four underlying dimensions of eTIL: information knowledge, information skills, information awareness, and information ethics. Additionally, to examine the interplay between eTIL, information quality, and system quality, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is employed on 399 samples to obtain equifinal configurations that lead to tourist satisfaction with online travel information (TSOTI). The results revealed two configurations leading to high TSOTI and three configurations leading to low TSOTI. This study contributes theoretically by constructing the concept of eTIL and explaining its role in driving TSOTI.
{"title":"e-Tourism Information Literacy and Its Role in Driving Tourist Satisfaction With Online Travel Information: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis","authors":"Rui Wang, Chuan-Ni Wu, Xia Wang, Feifei Xu, Qinjian Yuan","doi":"10.1177/00472875231177229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231177229","url":null,"abstract":"As numerous travel information is provided on digital platforms, information literacy is becoming increasingly important for tourists to address travel-related problems and ensure a smooth tour experience. This study conceptualizes e-tourism information literacy (eTIL) based on previous researches and develops a scale to measure this construct following a systematic approach, from which, 14 items were generated to measure four underlying dimensions of eTIL: information knowledge, information skills, information awareness, and information ethics. Additionally, to examine the interplay between eTIL, information quality, and system quality, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is employed on 399 samples to obtain equifinal configurations that lead to tourist satisfaction with online travel information (TSOTI). The results revealed two configurations leading to high TSOTI and three configurations leading to low TSOTI. This study contributes theoretically by constructing the concept of eTIL and explaining its role in driving TSOTI.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41421020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consumers usually endorse tourism products differently when sharing positive electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). This research examines the relative persuasiveness of two endorsement styles, that is, explicit endorsement (e.g., “I recommend it”) and implicit endorsement (e.g., “I love it”). Drawing on the persuasion knowledge model, we propose that explicit endorsements are less persuasive than implicit endorsements because the former trigger stronger persuasion knowledge. We further argue that source trustworthiness mitigates the persuasion effect difference between the two endorsement styles. This article assesses these hypotheses across different sources (anonymous reviewers, friends, influencers), channels (online community, social commerce platform, social networking app), and products (hotels, restaurants) using secondary data analysis and two experiments. Three studies provide support for our hypotheses. By revealing the relationship between endorsement styles and eWOM persuasiveness, this article provides important implications for implementing effective product endorsement.
{"title":"“I Love It” Versus “I Recommend It”: The Impact of Implicit and Explicit Endorsement Styles on Electronic Word-of-Mouth Persuasiveness","authors":"Junyun Liao, Siying He, Wenting Feng, Raffaele Filieri","doi":"10.1177/00472875231175083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231175083","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers usually endorse tourism products differently when sharing positive electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). This research examines the relative persuasiveness of two endorsement styles, that is, explicit endorsement (e.g., “I recommend it”) and implicit endorsement (e.g., “I love it”). Drawing on the persuasion knowledge model, we propose that explicit endorsements are less persuasive than implicit endorsements because the former trigger stronger persuasion knowledge. We further argue that source trustworthiness mitigates the persuasion effect difference between the two endorsement styles. This article assesses these hypotheses across different sources (anonymous reviewers, friends, influencers), channels (online community, social commerce platform, social networking app), and products (hotels, restaurants) using secondary data analysis and two experiments. Three studies provide support for our hypotheses. By revealing the relationship between endorsement styles and eWOM persuasiveness, this article provides important implications for implementing effective product endorsement.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43488363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.1177/00472875231175079
Pipatpong Fakfare, Jin-Soo Lee, J. Kim, H. Ryu, Heesup Han
Animal ethics has been recognized as an emerging issue in tourism, but limited research has concentrated on tourists’ behaviors toward animal ethics and its fundamental mechanisms. This study develops a research framework to address this gap, including media coverage and organizational strategies on reducing animal abuse, cognitive and affective states toward animal ethics, norm activation model variables, and behavioral intentions using stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theory. Findings indicate that media coverage and organizational strategies can be construed as underlying external stimulus constructs within the S-O-R model in the background of animal-related tourism. This study additionally shows the mediating nature of cognitive and affective states. Findings particularly indicate that personal norm is the focal influencing factor of tourists’ behavioral/word-of-mouth intentions toward animal ethics. This research contributes to reducing animal abuse and understanding the underlying theoretical mechanism linked to tourist behaviors and animal ethics.
{"title":"Animal Ethics and Tourism: Deepening a Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) Framework","authors":"Pipatpong Fakfare, Jin-Soo Lee, J. Kim, H. Ryu, Heesup Han","doi":"10.1177/00472875231175079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231175079","url":null,"abstract":"Animal ethics has been recognized as an emerging issue in tourism, but limited research has concentrated on tourists’ behaviors toward animal ethics and its fundamental mechanisms. This study develops a research framework to address this gap, including media coverage and organizational strategies on reducing animal abuse, cognitive and affective states toward animal ethics, norm activation model variables, and behavioral intentions using stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theory. Findings indicate that media coverage and organizational strategies can be construed as underlying external stimulus constructs within the S-O-R model in the background of animal-related tourism. This study additionally shows the mediating nature of cognitive and affective states. Findings particularly indicate that personal norm is the focal influencing factor of tourists’ behavioral/word-of-mouth intentions toward animal ethics. This research contributes to reducing animal abuse and understanding the underlying theoretical mechanism linked to tourist behaviors and animal ethics.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44829433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1177/00472875231175076
Robin Chark, Jessica Qian Wang
Unearned preferential treatment has been shown to negatively affect bystander customers who observe the treatment but do not receive the benefit. In two studies we examine the watchers’ unfairness perception under different relationship norms. Study 1 compares unearned preferential treatment granted by a hotel versus a host of peer-to-peer accommodation. The unfairness perception is higher in the latter case. The sense of community in the peer-to-peer platform imbues consumers’ evaluation of their interactions with their peer-to-peer hosts with a different perspective based on communal norms. To directly test its moderating role, relationship norm is manipulated in Study 2, which shows that a communal relationship sensitizes the bystander to the unfair treatment that is considered a violation of the communal norms. This unfairness perception is found to have implications for satisfaction and repurchase intention.
{"title":"Relationship Norm Moderates Observers’ Reaction to Unearned Preferential Treatment","authors":"Robin Chark, Jessica Qian Wang","doi":"10.1177/00472875231175076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231175076","url":null,"abstract":"Unearned preferential treatment has been shown to negatively affect bystander customers who observe the treatment but do not receive the benefit. In two studies we examine the watchers’ unfairness perception under different relationship norms. Study 1 compares unearned preferential treatment granted by a hotel versus a host of peer-to-peer accommodation. The unfairness perception is higher in the latter case. The sense of community in the peer-to-peer platform imbues consumers’ evaluation of their interactions with their peer-to-peer hosts with a different perspective based on communal norms. To directly test its moderating role, relationship norm is manipulated in Study 2, which shows that a communal relationship sensitizes the bystander to the unfair treatment that is considered a violation of the communal norms. This unfairness perception is found to have implications for satisfaction and repurchase intention.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45444673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：