Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第9页

People overshoot when choosing resource pools 人们在选择资源池时过度了

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104775

Christopher K. Hsee , Xilin Li , Ying Zeng

This paper studies a pool-choice dilemma, in which two or more resource-seekers decide independently whether to seek resources from a larger pool or a smaller pool. This dilemma mimics many real-life problems, such as firms or vendors deciding whether to enter a market with more potential buyers or one with fewer potential buyers. Across ten studies (five are incentive-compatible), we document a systematic overshooting bias, whereby the resource-seekers in the pool-choice dilemma are more likely to choose the large pool than normatively warranted, thereby sacrificing their own earnings. This research is a major extension of the prior work by Hsee et al. (2021) who found an opposite, undershooting effect in a similar dilemma. The current work offers a new look at the dilemma, with a more comprehensive theory that not only explains the overshooting effect found in this research, but also identifies its moderators and reconciles the opposite findings between this and the prior work. Contrary to what the prior work found, we predict and find that people in the dilemma generally overshoot rather than undershoot, unless they are explicitly prompted to predict the choice of their counterparts or the dilemma is framed in such a way that naturally prompts the players to consider the choice of their counterparts. This research carries theoretical implications for strategic thinking, and practical implications for resource competition.

本文研究了一个资源池选择困境，即两个或两个以上的资源寻求者独立决定从一个较大的资源池还是从一个较小的资源池中寻求资源。这种困境模仿了许多现实生活中的问题，比如公司或供应商决定是进入一个潜在买家更多还是潜在买家更少的市场。在十项研究中（其中五项是激励相容的），我们记录了一种系统性的超调偏差，即资源选择困境中的资源寻求者更有可能选择比规范保证的更大的资源池，从而牺牲自己的收入。这项研究是对Hsee等人（2021）先前工作的主要延伸，他们在类似的困境中发现了相反的、未达到目标的效应。目前的工作提供了一个新的视角来看待这个困境，用一个更全面的理论，不仅解释了本研究中发现的超调效应，而且还确定了它的调节因子，并调和了本研究与先前工作之间的相反发现。与之前的研究结果相反，我们预测并发现，处于困境中的人们通常会超调而不是过调，除非他们被明确提示预测对手的选择，或者困境的框架是这样一种方式，自然地促使参与者考虑对手的选择。本研究对战略思考具有理论意义，对资源竞争具有实践意义。

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引用次数: 0

The malleability of reliance on race or ethnic vs. gender stereotypes in implicit person perception in the presence of counterstereotypic individuating information: A registered report 在反刻板印象个性化信息存在下，内隐人知觉中种族或民族刻板印象与性别刻板印象依赖的延展性：一份注册报告

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104779

Rachel S. Rubinstein , Lee Jussim

The proposed studies will test two competing hypotheses and one additional hypothesis. The first hypothesis is that reliance on ethnic or race stereotypes in implicit person perception is more malleable than reliance on gender stereotypes in implicit person perception in response to counterstereotypic individuating information. The competing hypothesis is that reliance on ethnic or race and gender stereotypes in implicit person perception are equally malleable in response to such information. An additional hypothesis is that reliance on weaker stereotypes in implicit person perception is more malleable than reliance on stronger stereotypes in response to counterstereotypic individuating information. Studies 1 and 2 will test the competing hypotheses using the same stereotyped attributes as they apply to both gender and racial or ethnic groups to maximize experimental control and will utilize race or ethnic stereotypes that are stronger than gender stereotypes, unlike previous research. Study 3 will fully cross the strength of the stereotype with the type of stereotyped group (gender vs. ethnic) to test the stereotype strength hypothesis and thus rule out alternative explanations for the results. To maximize generalizability, Study 4 will comprise an aggregation of 14 studies that are capable of testing the competing hypotheses: Studies 1–3 in the present research, and 11 previous studies that used the present research design. Regardless of which hypotheses are supported, the present research will contribute to a growing body of knowledge about the circumstances under which implicit associations prevail vs. can be shifted by valid, relevant information in the social environment.

拟议的研究将检验两个相互竞争的假设和一个额外的假设。第一个假设是，在反刻板印象的个性化信息下，内隐人知觉中对民族或种族刻板印象的依赖比内隐人知觉中对性别刻板印象的依赖更具可塑性。另一种与之相竞争的假设是，内隐人感知中对民族或种族和性别刻板印象的依赖，在对这些信息的反应中同样具有可塑性。另一个假设是，内隐人知觉中对较弱刻板印象的依赖比对反刻板印象个性化信息的依赖更具可塑性。研究1和研究2将使用同样的刻板印象属性来测试相互竞争的假设，因为它们适用于性别和种族或民族群体，以最大限度地提高实验控制，并将利用比性别刻板印象更强的种族或民族刻板印象，这与之前的研究不同。研究3将刻板印象的强度与刻板印象的群体类型（性别与种族）完全交叉，以检验刻板印象强度假设，从而排除对结果的其他解释。为了最大限度地推广，研究4将包括14项能够检验相互竞争的假设的研究的集合：本研究中的研究1-3，以及先前使用本研究设计的11项研究。无论哪一种假设得到支持，目前的研究都将有助于建立一个不断增长的知识体系，即在何种情况下，内隐联想会盛行，而内隐联想会被社会环境中有效的、相关的信息所改变。

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引用次数: 0

Revisiting the effect of discrepant perceptual fluency on truth judgments 重新审视不同知觉流畅性对真相判断的影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104774

Semih C. Aktepe, Daniel W. Heck

Fluency theories assume that perceived truth is influenced by the subjective ease with which presented information is processed. Several studies have demonstrated that increased perceptual fluency, induced by high versus low color contrast of presented statements, results in higher truth judgments. According to the discrepancy-attribution hypothesis, the unexpected switch from several low-fluency stimuli to a high-fluency stimulus is assumed to enhance perceived truthfulness. In two online studies (one preregistered), we aimed to conceptually replicate the central finding by Hansen, Dechêne, and Wänke (2008; Journal of Experimental Social Psychology) that discrepancies in color contrast influence truth judgments. Besides adding a color calibration phase in one condition, we extended the original design by varying the length of stimulus blocks presented in low or high color contrast. Contrary to previous findings, neither the level of perceptual fluency nor unexpected discrepancies in fluency affected truth judgments. Still, high-contrast statements were read faster than low-contrast ones, indicating that processing fluency was successfully manipulated. A meta-analysis combining our two experiments with published studies shows that the effect of color contrast on truth judgments may not be as robust as previously thought.

流畅性理论认为，感知到的真相受到处理呈现信息的主观容易程度的影响。几项研究表明，由呈现的陈述的颜色对比高低引起的感知流畅性的提高，会导致更高的真相判断。根据差异归因假设，从几个低流畅性刺激到一个高流畅性刺激的意外转换被假设为增强感知真实性。在两项在线研究中（其中一项是预先注册的），我们旨在从概念上复制Hansen， Dechêne和Wänke (2008；实验社会心理学杂志)，颜色对比的差异影响真相判断。除了在一种情况下增加颜色校准阶段外，我们还通过改变在低或高颜色对比度下呈现的刺激块的长度来扩展原始设计。与之前的研究结果相反，感知流利程度和意外流利程度的差异都不会影响真相判断。然而，高对比度语句的阅读速度比低对比度语句快，这表明处理流畅性被成功地操纵了。将我们的两个实验与已发表的研究相结合的荟萃分析表明，颜色对比对真相判断的影响可能不像之前认为的那样强大。

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引用次数: 0

Testing the effects of political rhetoric towards muslims as a facilitator and barrier for intergroup contact 测试对穆斯林的政治言论作为群体间接触的促进者和障碍的影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104780

John Shayegh , Becky Choma

Intergroup contact fosters positive social relations, and politicians often use rhetoric to shape intergroup attitudes. However, the impact of political rhetoric on future intergroup contact remains unexplored. This paper addresses this gap by examining how rhetoric influences contact readiness towards Muslims. We conducted two experiments in which non-Muslim participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: exposure to positive political rhetoric about Muslims, negative rhetoric, or a control condition. In Study 1, exposure to negative rhetoric did not significantly affect contact readiness. In contrast, positive rhetoric led to more positive perceptions of future contact, with higher intergroup trust and lower intergroup anxiety. Study 2, using a higher-powered sample, also showed positive rhetoric increased positive contact perceptions but only linked to intergroup trust. It also found positive rhetoric led to greater intentions for future contact. Negative rhetoric continued to show no direct effect on contact readiness but had conditional effects; it predicted higher intergroup anxiety and less positive contact perceptions among individuals with lower social dominance orientation. Overall, findings indicate political rhetoric, serving as a form of vicarious intergroup contact, can influence public willingness for intergroup interactions.

群体间的接触促进了积极的社会关系，政治家经常使用修辞来塑造群体间的态度。然而，政治修辞对未来群体间接触的影响仍未得到探讨。本文通过研究修辞如何影响对穆斯林的接触准备来解决这一差距。我们进行了两个实验，其中非穆斯林参与者被随机分配到三种条件中的一种：接触有关穆斯林的积极政治言论，消极言论或控制条件。在研究1中，接触负面修辞对接触准备没有显著影响。相比之下，积极的修辞导致对未来接触的更积极的看法，更高的群体间信任和更低的群体间焦虑。研究2使用了一个更强大的样本，也显示积极的修辞增加了积极的接触感知，但只与群体间的信任有关。研究还发现，积极的言辞会增加未来接触的意愿。消极的言辞继续对接触准备没有直接影响，但有条件影响；它预测社会支配倾向较低的个体有较高的群体间焦虑和较少的积极接触感知。总体而言，研究结果表明，政治修辞作为一种替代的群体间接触形式，可以影响公众对群体间互动的意愿。

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引用次数: 0

People judge third-party anger as a signal of moral character 人们认为第三方的愤怒是道德品质的标志

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104765

Xi Shen , Rajen A. Anderson , David A. Pizarro

Judging others' moral character is a vital and necessary task for navigating the social world. Extending work on the function of emotions, we propose that people use others' emotions to infer their moral character. We focused on anger, an emotion that is often viewed as undesirable. We hypothesized that anger could serve as a signal of moral character, specifically when experienced after observing a third-party moral violation (i.e., when one individual behaves immorally toward another). We first examined this hypothesis by showing that people not only judged the observer who felt angry to be a better person (Studies 1–2), but they also trusted the observer more (Study 3). In Study 4, we found that such inferences can be drawn when anger was displayed, and this effect was much more pronounced for third-party violations compared to when people were treated immorally themselves. Further, we explored whether the positive effect from anger is unique from sympathy (Study 5) and cognitive recognition of the violation (6a, and 6b), and found that anger elicited a similar level of positive moral character judgment as sympathy and cognitive recognition of the violation. However, different from recognition of the violation, anger is associated with a higher expectation of behavioral engagement. These studies not only demonstrate the moral character signaling function of emotions but also contribute to an understanding of the processes by which individuals infer moral character in others.

判断他人的道德品质是驾驭社会的一项重要而必要的任务。在情绪功能的基础上，我们提出人们可以通过他人的情绪来推断自己的道德品质。我们关注的是愤怒，一种通常被视为不受欢迎的情绪。我们假设愤怒可以作为一种道德品质的信号，特别是在观察到第三方的道德侵犯之后（即当一个人对另一个人做出不道德的行为时）。我们首先检验了这一假设，表明人们不仅认为感到愤怒的观察者是一个更好的人（研究1-2），而且他们也更信任观察者（研究3）。在研究4中，我们发现，当人们表现出愤怒时，可以得出这样的推论，而且与人们自己被不道德对待时相比，这种影响在第三方违规行为中更为明显。此外，我们还探讨了愤怒的积极影响是否只存在于同情（研究5）和对违规行为的认知认知（研究6a和6b）中，结果发现愤怒引发的积极道德品质判断与同情和对违规行为的认知认知水平相似。然而，与对违规行为的认识不同，愤怒与对行为投入的更高期望有关。这些研究不仅证明了情绪的道德品质信号功能，而且有助于理解个体推断他人道德品质的过程。

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引用次数: 0

Moral fixedness: Morality seems less changeable than competence and warmth 道德固定性：道德似乎比能力和热情更不易改变

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104776

Jinseok S. Chun , Michael S. North

In four studies, we investigate lay beliefs about trait changeability across three fundamental dimensions of social perception: competence, warmth, and morality. We find consistent evidence for moral fixedness—the belief that moral traits change less over time than traits related to competence or warmth. Participants believed that individuals who exhibited behaviors implying morality—particularly low morality—were less likely to change than those demonstrating comparable levels of competence or warmth. This moral fixedness belief appeared to stem from the assumption that morality reflects a person's core character. Moreover, it shaped social intentions: participants expressed lower willingness to collaborate with colleagues perceived as low in morality, a pattern explained by their presumed limited potential for change. We discuss implications for the broader belief that “people don't change,” for learning processes surrounding moral behavior, and for the consequences of moral attribution.

在四项研究中，我们从社会知觉的三个基本维度（能力、热情和道德）调查了人们对特质可变性的看法。我们发现了道德固定性的一致证据，即道德品质随时间的变化不如能力或热情等品质。参与者认为，那些表现出道德行为的人——尤其是低道德行为的人——比那些表现出相当水平的能力或热情的人更不可能改变。这种道德固定的信念似乎源于这样一种假设，即道德反映了一个人的核心性格。此外，它还塑造了社会意向：参与者对与被认为道德低下的同事合作的意愿较低，这种模式可以用他们被认为改变的潜力有限来解释。我们讨论了“人不会改变”这一更广泛的信念的含义，围绕道德行为的学习过程，以及道德归因的后果。

引用次数: 0

Talk is cheap: The role of (in)sincere allyship cues from men on women's identity-safety and retention at work 空谈是廉价的：在真诚的盟友关系中所扮演的角色，暗示着男性对女性身份的重视——在工作中的安全和保留

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104767

Charlotte E. Moser , Nyla R. Branscombe , Gregg A. Muragishi

Four studies (N = 1554) examine whether women believe a man's allyship is sincere or not when they are exposed to new (and sometimes counter) allyship cues. These studies demonstrate that women's perceptions of a man's allyship sincerity influences whether the man is viewed as an identity-safety cue for women. Women reported a higher sense of identity-safety and likelihood of retention in a male-dominated workplace when an ally-identified man confronted (vs agreed with or ignored) sexism which was mediated by women's perceptions of the man's sincerity. An ally-identified man who ignored sexism was perceived as equally insincere and unlikely to promote women's identity-safety as an ally-identified man who agreed with a sexist comment (Study 1). Study 2 demonstrates that perceiving an ally-identified man as sincerely motivated determines his impact on women's identity-safety and retention. Studies 3–4 examine how the order in which women learn of a man's stated motivation to identify as an ally and his behavioral response to workplace sexism inform women's perceptions of the man's sincerity, hypocrisy, women's anticipated workplace treatment, and broader perceptions of the organization. These results indicate that perceived sincerity amplifies the positive effects of ally-identified men on women's identity-safety in male-dominated workplaces, whereas indications of insincerity severely undermine the extent to which ally-identified men signal identity-safety to women.

四项研究（N = 1554）考察了当女性接触到新的（有时是反的）盟友暗示时，她们是否相信男性的盟友是真诚的。这些研究表明，女性对男性盟友诚意的看法会影响该男性是否被视为女性身份安全的线索。女性报告说，在男性主导的工作场所，当一个认同自己的男性面临（相对于同意或忽视）性别歧视时，女性会有更高的身份安全感和留任的可能性，而性别歧视是由女性对男性真诚的看法所介导的。一个忽视性别歧视的男性被认为是不真诚的，不太可能促进女性的身份安全，就像一个认同性别歧视评论的男性一样（研究1）。研究2表明，感知一个盟友认同的男人是真诚的动机决定了他对女性身份的安全和保留的影响。研究3-4考察了女性了解男性自称为盟友的动机的顺序，以及他对工作场所性别歧视的行为反应，如何影响女性对男性真诚、虚伪的看法，女性对工作场所待遇的预期，以及对组织的更广泛看法。这些结果表明，在男性主导的工作场所，感知到的真诚放大了盟友认同男性对女性身份安全的积极影响，而不真诚的迹象严重削弱了盟友认同男性对女性身份安全的信号程度。

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引用次数: 0

Through the lens of race: Accounting for majority-minority relations in cross-race categorization and individuation 从种族的角度看：跨种族分类与个性化中的多数族裔关系

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104763

Verena Heidrich, Roland Imhoff

Race is a fundamental organizing principle along which many societies differentiate their members, as is prominently the case for Black and White individuals in the United States (US). This dominance is also mirrored in individuals' spontaneous tendency to see a group of individuals as exemplars of racial categories. Traditional models of intergroup cognition suggest that people better remember in-group members (the cross-race-effect, CRE) and more quickly and accurately categorize out-group members (the other-race categorization advantage, ORCA) due to differences in perceptual salience and functional relevance. However, these findings were mainly based on White populations and may therefore not fully capture the perceptions of racialized minorities, such as Black individuals in the US. Given their markedly different experiences with systemic inequality, minority group members may individuate majority group members to the same extent as, or even more than, their in-group. The present research examined cross-race categorization and individuation among Black and White US Americans (N = 511) using the “Who Said What?” task (Taylor et al., 1978) combined with multinomial processing tree modeling (Klauer & Wegener, 1998). White participants showed stronger out-group categorization and in-group individuation, aligning with the traditional intergroup perspective. In contrast, Black participants displayed attenuated or reversed patterns, favoring in-group categorization and out-group individuation. While interracial contact and perceived racial identity threat had no effects, racial identification amplified racial categorization in White participants and reinforced the individuation of Black faces among Black participants. These findings underscore the importance of considering racialized majority-minority dynamics in models of intergroup cognition.

种族是许多社会区分其成员的基本组织原则，美国的黑人和白人就是一个突出的例子。这种优势也反映在个人自发地倾向于将一群人视为种族类别的典范。传统的群体间认知模型认为，由于感知显著性和功能相关性的差异，人们能更好地记住群体内成员（跨种族效应，CRE），并能更快、更准确地对群体外成员进行分类（其他种族分类优势，ORCA）。然而，这些发现主要是基于白人人口，因此可能不能完全捕捉到种族化的少数群体的看法，比如美国的黑人。考虑到他们在系统性不平等方面的明显不同经历，少数群体成员对多数群体成员的个体化程度可能与他们的内部群体相同，甚至更多。本研究使用“谁说了什么？”任务（Taylor et al., 1978）结合多项处理树模型(Klauer &；韦格纳,1998)。白人参与者表现出更强的群体外分类和群体内个性化，与传统的群体间观点一致。相比之下，黑人参与者表现出减弱或相反的模式，倾向于群体内分类和群体外个性化。虽然种族间接触和种族身份威胁感知没有影响，但种族身份认同放大了白人参与者的种族分类，并加强了黑人参与者对黑人面孔的个性化。这些发现强调了在群体间认知模型中考虑种族化的多数-少数动态的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Secrets lurking in the background: Investigating the underlying effects of secrets in everyday life 隐藏在背景中的秘密：调查秘密在日常生活中的潜在影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104766

Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L. Gable

Keeping secrets can have negative consequences for well-being, yet most research relies on artificially prompting participants to reflect on their secrets prior to assessing key outcomes. The current research addresses this methodological limitation by having participants (N = 114) report on significant social interactions with five people for 10 days of experience sampling, with the extent of secrecy from each person only assessed after those 10 days. Results show that keeping more secrets from an interaction partner (and secrets of greater importance) was associated with higher burden in daily interactions (i.e., more stress, distractedness, distance, inauthenticity) and lower relationship quality. These results provide compelling evidence that keeping secrets may be negatively associated with daily interactions and relationships even when secret-keepers are not necessarily dwelling more on their secrets. Altogether, this research suggests that the implications of secrecy can be pervasive, subtle, and variable depending on each unique relationship with one's secrecy targets.

保守秘密可能会对幸福感产生负面影响，但大多数研究都依赖于人为地促使参与者在评估关键结果之前反思自己的秘密。目前的研究通过让参与者（N = 114）在10天的经验抽样中报告与5个人的重要社交互动来解决这种方法上的限制，并且只在这10天之后评估每个人的保密程度。结果表明，对互动伙伴保守更多的秘密（以及更重要的秘密）与日常互动中更高的负担（即更多的压力、分心、距离、不真实性）和更低的关系质量相关。这些结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明保守秘密可能与日常交往和人际关系负相关，即使保守秘密的人不一定更多地关注他们的秘密。总之，这项研究表明，保密的含义可能是普遍的、微妙的，并且取决于每个人与保密目标的独特关系。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural perceptions of racial ambiguity: Testing the universality of the ingroup overexclusion effect 种族歧义的跨文化认知：检验群体内过度排斥效应的普遍性

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104764

Mohammad S. Wiswall , Xin Tan , Jacqueline M. Chen , Sarah E. Gaither

Two theoretical frameworks are often used to explain how racially ambiguous faces are categorized. The hypodescent framework (also commonly known as the “one-drop rule”) which is dominantly used in the U.S., argues racially ambiguous Biracial faces are more likely to be categorized as their racially subordinate group (e.g., a Biracial Asian/White person will be seen as Asian). In contrast, the ingroup overexclusion framework (IOE), which has been predominantly used in European contexts argues that racially ambiguous faces are categorized into the most prevalent outgroup relative to the perceiver, regardless of group status (e.g., a Biracial Asian/White person will be seen as White by an Asian perceiver, or as Asian for a White perceiver). Thus, without cross-cultural comparisons that decouple racial status from racial group membership, we cannot test both frameworks simultaneously and determine which is a better framework for racially ambiguous categorization outcomes. Here, Chinese Nationals (N = 330) and Asian Americans (N = 196) categorized racially ambiguous faces across a 2 (Categorization Task Type; Two-Choice or Three-Choice) x 2 (Stimulus Set: Asian/White or Asian/Black Biracial faces) between-subjects design. Generally, results show that across both cultural groups, Biracial Asian faces were seen most often as one's furthest outgroup member (i.e., “not Asian”, “White” and “Black” for both stimuli). Thus, these results are more consistent with IOE, and not hypodescent, as the underlying process for racially ambiguous categorization.

两种理论框架通常用于解释如何对种族模糊的面孔进行分类。在美国主要使用的次血统框架（也称为“一滴规则”）认为，种族模糊的混血儿面孔更有可能被归类为他们的种族从属群体（例如，亚洲/白人混血儿将被视为亚洲人）。相比之下，在欧洲主要使用的内群体过度排斥框架（IOE）认为，相对于感知者而言，种族模糊的面孔被归类为最普遍的外群体，而不管群体地位如何（例如，亚洲感知者将亚洲/白人混血儿视为白人，或白人感知者将亚洲人视为亚洲人）。因此，如果没有将种族地位与种族群体成员分离开来的跨文化比较，我们就无法同时测试这两个框架，并确定哪个框架更适合种族模糊的分类结果。在这里，中国人（N = 330）和亚裔美国人（N = 196）通过2(分类任务类型；两选或三选)× 2（刺激集：亚洲/白人或亚洲/黑人混血儿面孔）受试者间设计。总的来说，结果表明，在两个文化群体中，混血儿的亚洲面孔最常被视为最远的外群体成员（即，在两种刺激下，“非亚洲人”、“白人”和“黑人”）。因此，这些结果更符合IOE，而不是低血统，作为种族模糊分类的潜在过程。

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引用次数: 0