Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106875
Yahya M. Madra , Bengi Akbulut , Fikret Adaman
In this paper, we scrutinize contemporary development economics to render visible the colonial impulses that lead to forms of silencing and disavowal of economic differences in ontological and epistemological terms. As decolonizing economies and decolonizing economics are interwoven, we open our discussion with a history of decolonization efforts at the level of the political economy to form a background for the discussion of the ontological and epistemological issues on the coloniality of development economics. We then first engage with neoclassical economics and its antecedents in classical political economy—the orthodox and hegemonic stream in the discipline of economics—highlighting how its individualistic and mechanistic nature implicates the discipline with the coloniality of knowledge production, and second, unpack the current state of mainstream development economics after the late neoclassical turn (incorporating to standard economic models the problems emanating from market failures, cognitive biases, and multiple equilibria) in the discipline by focusing on two of its prominent research agendas: new institutional economics of development divergence, and the poor economics of development. Finally, we formulate some perspectives for decolonial development economics.
{"title":"Decolonizing development economics: A critique of the late neoclassical reason","authors":"Yahya M. Madra , Bengi Akbulut , Fikret Adaman","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we scrutinize contemporary development economics to render visible the colonial impulses that lead to forms of silencing and disavowal of economic differences in ontological and epistemological terms. As decolonizing <em>economies</em> and decolonizing <em>economics</em> are interwoven, we open our discussion with a history of decolonization efforts at the level of the political economy to form a background for the discussion of the ontological and epistemological issues on the coloniality of development economics. We then first engage with neoclassical economics and its antecedents in classical political economy—the orthodox and hegemonic stream in the discipline of economics—highlighting how its individualistic and mechanistic nature implicates the discipline with the coloniality of knowledge production, and second, unpack the current state of mainstream development economics after the late neoclassical turn (incorporating to standard economic models the problems emanating from market failures, cognitive biases, and multiple equilibria) in the discipline by focusing on two of its prominent research agendas: new institutional economics of development divergence, and the poor economics of development. Finally, we formulate some perspectives for decolonial development economics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106857
Thomas Esch , Klaus Deininger , Remi Jedwab , Daniela Palacios-Lopez
The developing world has built structures on an unprecedented scale to accommodate population growth and urbanization. The horizontal and vertical structuring of the building stock resulting from this “megatrend construction” strongly influences urban and rural poverty, sustainability, resilience, and quality of life. However, due to data constraints, little is known about how and why 3D building patterns vary globally and in the developing world in particular. This study uncovers novel facts on global 3D building patterns as a result of outward and upward preferences in construction and investigates their relationship to the development process. To this end, new high-resolution cross-sectional data on the area, height, and volume of the global building stock around 2015 is combined with various analyses undertaken at different spatial domains. Building stock per capita increases convexly with income, but income only explains two-thirds of the differences in international volume. Additionally, while building upward systematically drives international volume differences, low-rise buildings still dominate construction patterns. Urbanization tends to reduce space consumption per capita as urban residents consume less volume than rural residents. Finally, the analyses of construction preferences may help to assess construction needs by forecasting volume requirements in developing Africa, Asia and Latin America.
{"title":"Outward and upward construction: A 3D analysis of the global building stock","authors":"Thomas Esch , Klaus Deininger , Remi Jedwab , Daniela Palacios-Lopez","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The developing world has built structures on an unprecedented scale to accommodate population growth and urbanization. The horizontal and vertical structuring of the building stock resulting from this “megatrend construction” strongly influences urban and rural poverty, sustainability, resilience, and quality of life. However, due to data constraints, little is known about how and why 3D building patterns vary globally and in the developing world in particular. This study uncovers novel facts on global 3D building patterns as a result of outward and upward preferences in construction and investigates their relationship to the development process. To this end, new high-resolution cross-sectional data on the area, height, and volume of the global building stock around 2015 is combined with various analyses undertaken at different spatial domains. Building stock per capita increases convexly with income, but income only explains two-thirds of the differences in international volume. Additionally, while building upward systematically drives international volume differences, low-rise buildings still dominate construction patterns. Urbanization tends to reduce space consumption per capita as urban residents consume less volume than rural residents. Finally, the analyses of construction preferences may help to assess construction needs by forecasting volume requirements in developing Africa, Asia and Latin America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106857"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106847
Immacolata Ranucci , Donato Romano , Luca Tiberti
Social and cultural institutions interact with environmental and individual factors, shaping resilience to external shocks. This study examines the interplay between gender-differentiated land management, kinship norms, and the effects of droughts on agricultural households’ resilience to food insecurity in rural Malawi. Female land-managed households in Matrilineal-Matrilocal villages show higher resilience with respect to other communities. However, in times of drought, these households turn out to be less resilient to food insecurity than their counterparts in other areas. In support of this result, we find evidence that, when faced with drought, female land-managed households in Matrilineal-Matrilocal communities exhibit lesser involvement in more lucrative non-farm activities and a larger decrease in livestock. The study highlights the need to consider socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors interactions when assessing resilience and advocates for intersectional policies enhancing women’s resilience.
{"title":"Weather shocks and resilience to food insecurity: Exploring the role of gender and kinship norms","authors":"Immacolata Ranucci , Donato Romano , Luca Tiberti","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social and cultural institutions interact with environmental and individual factors, shaping resilience to external shocks. This study examines the interplay between gender-differentiated land management, kinship norms, and the effects of droughts on agricultural households’ resilience to food insecurity in rural Malawi. Female land-managed households in Matrilineal-Matrilocal villages show higher resilience with respect to other communities. However, in times of drought, these households turn out to be less resilient to food insecurity than their counterparts in other areas. In support of this result, we find evidence that, when faced with drought, female land-managed households in Matrilineal-Matrilocal communities exhibit lesser involvement in more lucrative non-farm activities and a larger decrease in livestock. The study highlights the need to consider socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors interactions when assessing resilience and advocates for intersectional policies enhancing women’s resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106847"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106886
Bassam Abu Hamad , Nicola Jones , Shoroq Abuhamad , Sarah Baird , Erin Oakley
Social protection programming can help address gender- and lifecycle-specific vulnerabilities, particularly in humanitarian contexts. Although adolescents are disproportionately affected by crises, there remains limited evidence about how such programming can mitigate risks they face, including social isolation. This article explores how a ‘cash-plus’ social protection response enhances refugee adolescents’ social connectedness and contributes to broader social cohesion and sustainable peace.
Mixed-methods data collected during the Covid-19 pandemic with 996 Syrian adolescents living in Jordanian host communities involved beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Hajati, UNICEF’s unconditional cash transfer. Explicitly labelled to promote adolescent education, Hajati also encourages enrolment in an adolescent empowerment programme, Makani (My Space), designed to foster resilience and social connectedness.
Survey results were mixed, finding evidence of modest improvements among beneficiaries on a subset of social connectedness and resilience outcomes. Hajati beneficiaries (particularly girls and older adolescents, aged 15–18) report higher levels of family support and better coping with pandemic stressors. Among younger adolescents (12–14) and girls, beneficiaries were more likely to report having a trusted adult, and greater social support from non-family adults. Beneficiary status was not associated with measures of peer connectedness or perceived social cohesion. Qualitative interview findings, however, indicate beneficiaries enjoy stronger peer networks, partly due to participating in group-based programming. Overall, programme participation helped girls (and, less so, boys) cope with pandemic stressors, while strengthening adolescent social connectedness through opportunities for in-person and online interaction.
We conclude with suggestions on how to strengthen programming to promote social cohesion and sustainable peace.
{"title":"Can social protection contribute to social connectedness in contexts of forced displacement and crisis? Lessons from Jordan’s labelled cash transfer for education","authors":"Bassam Abu Hamad , Nicola Jones , Shoroq Abuhamad , Sarah Baird , Erin Oakley","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social protection programming can help address gender- and lifecycle-specific vulnerabilities, particularly in humanitarian contexts. Although adolescents are disproportionately affected by crises, there remains limited evidence about how such programming can mitigate risks they face, including social isolation. This article explores how a ‘cash-plus’ social protection response enhances refugee adolescents’ social connectedness and contributes to broader social cohesion and sustainable peace.</div><div>Mixed-methods data collected during the Covid-19 pandemic with 996 Syrian adolescents living in Jordanian host communities involved beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of <em>Hajati,</em> UNICEF’s unconditional cash transfer. Explicitly labelled to promote adolescent education, Hajati also encourages enrolment in an adolescent empowerment programme, <em>Makani</em> (My Space), designed to foster resilience and social connectedness.</div><div>Survey results were mixed, finding evidence of modest improvements among beneficiaries on a subset of social connectedness and resilience outcomes. <em>Hajati</em> beneficiaries (particularly girls and older adolescents, aged 15–18) report higher levels of family support and better coping with pandemic stressors. Among younger adolescents (12–14) and girls, beneficiaries were more likely to report having a trusted adult, and greater social support from non-family adults. Beneficiary status was not associated with measures of peer connectedness or perceived social cohesion. Qualitative interview findings, however, indicate beneficiaries enjoy stronger peer networks, partly due to participating in group-based programming. Overall, programme participation helped girls (and, less so, boys) cope with pandemic stressors, while strengthening adolescent social connectedness through opportunities for in-person and online interaction.</div><div>We conclude with suggestions on how to strengthen programming to promote social cohesion and sustainable peace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106886"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106890
Matthias Bösch
Currently, more than 10 % of the global forest area is certified. However, uptake of forest management certification has been highly uneven throughout the world, and relatively little is still known about the generic factors that promote or inhibit its adoption. Based on an extensive literature review, a number of hypotheses are developed on the relationship between different demand-side and supply-side variables and the uptake of forest certification. These hypotheses are then tested using econometric estimation methods with data for a large panel of 150 countries from 2002 to 2020, focusing on the two most widespread schemes, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). It is found that both FSC and PEFC certification density are positively and significantly correlated with different dimensions of governance, GDP per capita, the share of forest products exports to Europe and the general export orientation of the forest-based sector. Novel to the literature, this study also provides evidence of the important role of environmental NGOs for forest certification, with clear differences between FSC and PEFC certification: while there is a positive and significant correlation between the number of environmental NGOs and FSC certification density, the environmental NGO variable is negatively and significantly associated with PEFC certification density. The paper finishes with discussing a number of important implications of the findings for policy makers tasked with accelerating the implementation of forest certification schemes.
{"title":"What explains the uneven uptake of forest certification at the global level? New evidence from a panel-data analysis","authors":"Matthias Bösch","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, more than 10 % of the global forest area is certified. However, uptake of forest management certification has been highly uneven throughout the world, and relatively little is still known about the generic factors that promote or inhibit its adoption. Based on an extensive literature review, a number of hypotheses are developed on the relationship between different demand-side and supply-side variables and the uptake of forest certification. These hypotheses are then tested using econometric estimation methods with data for a large panel of 150 countries from 2002 to 2020, focusing on the two most widespread schemes, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). It is found that both FSC and PEFC certification density are positively and significantly correlated with different dimensions of governance, GDP per capita, the share of forest products exports to Europe and the general export orientation of the forest-based sector. Novel to the literature, this study also provides evidence of the important role of environmental NGOs for forest certification, with clear differences between FSC and PEFC certification: while there is a positive and significant correlation between the number of environmental NGOs and FSC certification density, the environmental NGO variable is negatively and significantly associated with PEFC certification density. The paper finishes with discussing a number of important implications of the findings for policy makers tasked with accelerating the implementation of forest certification schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106890"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106876
Lyn Ossome
A central question posed by the still largely peasant populations of the global south is the feasibility of reproducing a model of development which in advanced capitalist economies, settled the classical agrarian question through the transfer and application of organizational models derived from large-scale industry to agriculture, and in favor of a minority of their populations. In the global south, the transplanting of this development model has been characterized by the dominance of large-scale corporate capital and financial monopolies in agriculture, a structure that jeopardizes the future of family farming, food sovereignty, and agroecological sustainability. The result has been massive loss of arable land, deepening precarity and exploitation of labor, disintegration of indigenous food systems, and the commodification of nature. Such (under)developmental logics directly affect processes of social reproduction here, in part because agrarian livelihoods remain central to the survival of the majority in the global south. Contrary to prevailing neoliberal logic, these outcomes actually reassert the continued relevance of land and the peasantry, and raise new or contemporary agrarian questions, among which gender (gendered labor) is central. The chapter links these concerns through an examination of the structures, trajectories and gendered outcomes of capitalist development in the agrarian south, with the aim also of outlining a feminist decolonial critique of economic development.
{"title":"Gender and development in the agrarian south","authors":"Lyn Ossome","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A central question posed by the still largely peasant populations of the global south is the feasibility of reproducing a model of development which in advanced capitalist economies, settled the classical agrarian question through the transfer and application of organizational models derived from large-scale industry to agriculture, and in favor of a minority of their populations. In the global south, the transplanting of this development model has been characterized by the dominance of large-scale corporate capital and financial monopolies in agriculture, a structure that jeopardizes the future of family farming, food sovereignty, and agroecological sustainability. The result has been massive loss of arable land, deepening precarity and exploitation of labor, disintegration of indigenous food systems, and the commodification of nature. Such (under)developmental logics directly affect processes of social reproduction here, in part because agrarian livelihoods remain central to the survival of the majority in the global south. Contrary to prevailing neoliberal logic, these outcomes actually reassert the continued relevance of land and the peasantry, and raise new or contemporary agrarian questions, among which gender (gendered labor) is central. The chapter links these concerns through an examination of the structures, trajectories and gendered outcomes of capitalist development in the agrarian south, with the aim also of outlining a feminist decolonial critique of economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106878
Bolun Zhang , Yimang Zhou
This paper analyzes the wage system in Mao-era China (1949–1976) and the early reform period, focusing on how it structured the mental-manual labor divide as a form of cultural infrastructure that embedded values of labor and worth. Key distinctions—positions, grades, wage forms, and allowances—delineated mental from manual labor in multiple ways. The paper outlines Maoist interventions, such as “politics in command” and the abolition of piecework, which aimed to reduce disparities but often inadvertently reinforced hierarchical boundaries based on position. In the post-Mao era, the concept of management labor redefined mental labor as productive, justifying higher cadre compensation and enabling a market-driven return to class distinctions. By historicizing these interventions, the paper highlights the intersection of economic policies and cultural infrastructures that shaped the evolving division between mental and manual labor, underscoring the political dimensions of valuation and classification in socialist economies. The authors argue that addressing the mental-manual labor divide requires tackling these embedded cultural boundaries and fostering democratic participation in labor valuation.
{"title":"Wages and the division between mental and manual labor in China","authors":"Bolun Zhang , Yimang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the wage system in Mao-era China (1949–1976) and the early reform period, focusing on how it structured the mental-manual labor divide as a form of cultural infrastructure that embedded values of labor and worth. Key distinctions—positions, grades, wage forms, and allowances—delineated mental from manual labor in multiple ways. The paper outlines Maoist interventions, such as “politics in command” and the abolition of piecework, which aimed to reduce disparities but often inadvertently reinforced hierarchical boundaries based on position. In the post-Mao era, the concept of management labor redefined mental labor as productive, justifying higher cadre compensation and enabling a market-driven return to class distinctions. By historicizing these interventions, the paper highlights the intersection of economic policies and cultural infrastructures that shaped the evolving division between mental and manual labor, underscoring the political dimensions of valuation and classification in socialist economies. The authors argue that addressing the mental-manual labor divide requires tackling these embedded cultural boundaries and fostering democratic participation in labor valuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106871
Silvia Castro , Kristina Czura
Millions of women worldwide face challenges in managing menstruation, which negatively affects their health, education, labor force participation and productivity. Cultural taboos and social norms are believed to be at the core of this issue, perpetuating stigma and harmful health behaviors, and interfering with attempts to improve knowledge. Our study explores how deep-rooted cultural norms relate to, and potentially hinder, effective menstrual hygiene practices in rural Bangladesh. With an educational intervention, we disseminate crucial knowledge on menstrual hygiene practices. While the intervention succeeded in reshaping certain misconceptions and easing restrictions on hygienic drying of menstrual absorbents, it was less effective in changing deep-seated harmful practices related to their washing and maintenance. The findings suggest that information alone is insufficient to change entrenched norms, highlighting the need for more comprehensive strategies to improve menstrual health management.
{"title":"Cultural taboos and misinformation about menstrual health management in rural Bangladesh","authors":"Silvia Castro , Kristina Czura","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Millions of women worldwide face challenges in managing menstruation, which negatively affects their health, education, labor force participation and productivity. Cultural taboos and social norms are believed to be at the core of this issue, perpetuating stigma and harmful health behaviors, and interfering with attempts to improve knowledge. Our study explores how deep-rooted cultural norms relate to, and potentially hinder, effective menstrual hygiene practices in rural Bangladesh. With an educational intervention, we disseminate crucial knowledge on menstrual hygiene practices. While the intervention succeeded in reshaping certain misconceptions and easing restrictions on hygienic drying of menstrual absorbents, it was less effective in changing deep-seated harmful practices related to their washing and maintenance. The findings suggest that information alone is insufficient to change entrenched norms, highlighting the need for more comprehensive strategies to improve menstrual health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women face a disproportionate burden of malnutrition and food insecurity. Research has shown that women’s empowerment can buffer women against nutritional problems. This paper contributes to ongoing efforts to measure women’s empowerment that are both context-sensitive and universal, focusing on the recently developed Women’s Empowerment in Nutrition Index (WENI). Earlier research has shown it is both a valid construct and positively related to dietary and nutritional outcomes of women in South Asia. We establish that WENI is generalizable to agropastoral and pastoral Kenya, an area with substantially different livelihoods, food system, norms, and institutions than South Asia. We find that a locally contextualized WENI is strongly associated with women’s body mass index and dietary diversity as well as household level food insecurity. We also present findings for two shorter variations of WENI: an abbreviated WENI (A-WENI) and a cross context WENI (CC-WENI). A-WENI contains a small subset of WENI indicators identified using machine learning with South Asian data and therefore is context-specific. CC-WENI does not contain indicators specific to the validation context. We find that they perform comparably well with caveats. Thus, as use of WENI expands we recommend adapting WENI for in-depth analyses of women’s nutritional empowerment; using CC-WENI for cross-context comparisons; and using A-WENI for rapid appraisals of community level progress in a given context.
{"title":"Adapting the Women’s empowerment in nutrition index: Lessons from Kenya","authors":"Erin Lentz , Nathan Jensen , Watson Lepariyo , Sudha Narayanan , Elizabeth Bageant","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women face a disproportionate burden of malnutrition and food insecurity. Research has shown that women’s empowerment can buffer women against nutritional problems. This paper contributes to ongoing efforts to measure women’s empowerment that are both context-sensitive and universal, focusing on the recently developed Women’s Empowerment in Nutrition Index (WENI). Earlier research has shown it is both a valid construct and positively related to dietary and nutritional outcomes of women in South Asia. We establish that WENI is generalizable to agropastoral and pastoral Kenya, an area with substantially different livelihoods, food system, norms, and institutions than South Asia. We find that a locally contextualized WENI is strongly associated with women’s body mass index and dietary diversity as well as household level food insecurity. We also present findings for two shorter variations of WENI: an abbreviated WENI (A-WENI) and a cross context WENI (CC-WENI). A-WENI contains a small subset of WENI indicators identified using machine learning with South Asian data and therefore is context-specific. CC-WENI does not contain indicators specific to the validation context. We find that they perform comparably well with caveats. Thus, as use of WENI expands we recommend adapting WENI for in-depth analyses of women’s nutritional empowerment; using CC-WENI for cross-context comparisons; and using A-WENI for rapid appraisals of community level progress in a given context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106872
Luis Miguel Silva-Novoa Sánchez , Janpeter Schilling , Lisa Bossenbroek , Rachid Ezzayyat , Elisabeth Berger
Since the early 1980s, the Middle Drâa Valley (MDV) in south-eastern Morocco has seen agricultural expansion from oases into customary land owned by different tribes, creating the potential for conflict. Customary land conflicts are often depicted as obstacles to socioeconomic development. This article analyses the drivers of land conflict between the Mssoufa and Kaaba tribes, explaining how the conflict restructures power and authority relations to control resource access. We use an actor-based approach and access theory to analyse data from observations and 34 semi-structured interviews conducted between May and July 2021 and September and November 2022. Interviewees included members of the conflicting tribes, government representatives, and private sector actors. The conflict stems from unequal land access between tribes, rooted in historical power reconfigurations influenced by droughts, market dynamics, national agrarian development policies, and changes in customary land access rules. We argue that preventing further escalation of intertribal land conflicts in the MDV requires directing the actors’ motivations and capabilities towards cooperation and resource sharing by implementing a third-party intervention model of conflict resolution in combination with a structural peacebuilding approach. Additionally, we discuss the implications of our findings for promoting sustainable development in the MDV, particularly focusing on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, while also identifying implications for SDGs 1, 10, and 13.
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