Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00356-6
Jianyong Pan, Hao Kan, Zhaorui Liu, Song Gao, Enxiu Wu, Yang Li, Chunwei Zhang
Tungsten oxide (WO3)-based memristors show promising applications in neuromorphic computing. However, single-layer WO3 memristors suffer from issues such as weak memory performance and nonlinear conductance variations. In this work, a functional layer based on the hybrids of WO3−x and TiO2 is proposed for constructing flexible memristors featuring outstanding synaptic characteristics. Applying diverse electrical stimulations to the memristor enables a range of synaptic functions, elucidating its conduction mechanism through the conductive filament model. The incorporation of TiO2 not only enhances the memristor’s memory characteristics but makes its conductance more linear, symmetrical and uniform during the long-term changes. Furthermore, in view of the enhanced device performance by TiO2 doping, the potential of this device for simple behavioral simulation and processing of complex computing problems is explored. The “learning-forgetting-relearning” characteristics and device integrability are visually demonstrated. Applying the device to a convolutional neural network, the recognition accuracy of MNIST handwritten digits reaches 98.7%.
{"title":"Flexible TiO2-WO3−x hybrid memristor with enhanced linearity and synaptic plasticity for precise weight tuning in neuromorphic computing","authors":"Jianyong Pan, Hao Kan, Zhaorui Liu, Song Gao, Enxiu Wu, Yang Li, Chunwei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00356-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00356-6","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten oxide (WO3)-based memristors show promising applications in neuromorphic computing. However, single-layer WO3 memristors suffer from issues such as weak memory performance and nonlinear conductance variations. In this work, a functional layer based on the hybrids of WO3−x and TiO2 is proposed for constructing flexible memristors featuring outstanding synaptic characteristics. Applying diverse electrical stimulations to the memristor enables a range of synaptic functions, elucidating its conduction mechanism through the conductive filament model. The incorporation of TiO2 not only enhances the memristor’s memory characteristics but makes its conductance more linear, symmetrical and uniform during the long-term changes. Furthermore, in view of the enhanced device performance by TiO2 doping, the potential of this device for simple behavioral simulation and processing of complex computing problems is explored. The “learning-forgetting-relearning” characteristics and device integrability are visually demonstrated. Applying the device to a convolutional neural network, the recognition accuracy of MNIST handwritten digits reaches 98.7%.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00356-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00355-7
Hee Kyu Lee, Sang Uk Park, Sunga Kong, Heyin Ryu, Hyun Bin Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Danbee Kang, Sun Hye Shin, Ki Jun Yu, Juhee Cho, Joohoon Kang, Il Yong Chun, Hye Yun Park, Sang Min Won
Epidermally mounted sensors using triaxial accelerometers have been previously used to monitor physiological processes with the implementation of machine learning (ML) algorithm interfaces. The findings from these previous studies have established a strong foundation for the analysis of high-resolution, intricate signals, typically through frequency domain conversion. In this study we integrate a wireless mechano-acoustic sensor with a multi-modal deep learning system for the real-time analysis of signals emitted by the laryngeal prominence area of the thyroid cartilage at frequency ranges up to 1 kHz. This interface provides real-time data visualization and communication with the ML server, creating a system that assesses severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analyzes the user’s speech patterns.
使用三轴加速度计的表皮安装传感器以前曾被用于监测生理过程，并实施了机器学习（ML）算法接口。这些研究结果为分析高分辨率的复杂信号奠定了坚实的基础，通常是通过频域转换。在这项研究中，我们将无线机械声学传感器与多模态深度学习系统集成在一起，用于实时分析甲状软骨喉突出部位发出的频率范围高达 1 kHz 的信号。该接口可提供实时数据可视化并与 ML 服务器进行通信，从而创建一个可评估慢性阻塞性肺病严重程度并分析用户说话模式的系统。
{"title":"Real-time deep learning-assisted mechano-acoustic system for respiratory diagnosis and multifunctional classification","authors":"Hee Kyu Lee, Sang Uk Park, Sunga Kong, Heyin Ryu, Hyun Bin Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Danbee Kang, Sun Hye Shin, Ki Jun Yu, Juhee Cho, Joohoon Kang, Il Yong Chun, Hye Yun Park, Sang Min Won","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00355-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00355-7","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermally mounted sensors using triaxial accelerometers have been previously used to monitor physiological processes with the implementation of machine learning (ML) algorithm interfaces. The findings from these previous studies have established a strong foundation for the analysis of high-resolution, intricate signals, typically through frequency domain conversion. In this study we integrate a wireless mechano-acoustic sensor with a multi-modal deep learning system for the real-time analysis of signals emitted by the laryngeal prominence area of the thyroid cartilage at frequency ranges up to 1 kHz. This interface provides real-time data visualization and communication with the ML server, creating a system that assesses severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analyzes the user’s speech patterns.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00355-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00353-9
Rakesh Rajendran Nair, Mihai Nita-Lazar, Valeriu Robert Badescu, Cristina Iftode, Jakob Wolansky, Tobias Antrack, Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo
Vascular tubules in natural leaves form quasi-fractal networks that can be metallized. Traditional metallization techniques for these lignocellulose structures are complex, involving metal sputtering, nanoparticle solutions, or multiple chemical pretreatments. Here we present a novel, facile, and reliable method for metallizing leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds using silver microparticles. The method achieves properties on-par with the state-of-the-art, such as broadband optical transmittance of over 80%, sheet resistances below 1 Ω/sq., and a current-carrying capacity exceeding 6 A over a 2.5 × 2.5 cm² quasi-fractal electrode. We also demonstrate copper electrodeposition as a cost-effective approach towards fabricating such conductive, biomimetic quasi-fractals. Additionally, we show that these metallized structures can effectively eliminate pathogenic microorganisms like fecal coliforms and E. coli, which are bacterial indicators of microbiological contamination of water. We finally show that these oligodynamic properties can be significantly enhanced with a small externally applied voltage, indicating the noteworthy potential of such structures for water purification and pollution control.
{"title":"Metallization of leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds for high-performance flexible electronics and oligodynamic disinfection","authors":"Rakesh Rajendran Nair, Mihai Nita-Lazar, Valeriu Robert Badescu, Cristina Iftode, Jakob Wolansky, Tobias Antrack, Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00353-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00353-9","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular tubules in natural leaves form quasi-fractal networks that can be metallized. Traditional metallization techniques for these lignocellulose structures are complex, involving metal sputtering, nanoparticle solutions, or multiple chemical pretreatments. Here we present a novel, facile, and reliable method for metallizing leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds using silver microparticles. The method achieves properties on-par with the state-of-the-art, such as broadband optical transmittance of over 80%, sheet resistances below 1 Ω/sq., and a current-carrying capacity exceeding 6 A over a 2.5 × 2.5 cm² quasi-fractal electrode. We also demonstrate copper electrodeposition as a cost-effective approach towards fabricating such conductive, biomimetic quasi-fractals. Additionally, we show that these metallized structures can effectively eliminate pathogenic microorganisms like fecal coliforms and E. coli, which are bacterial indicators of microbiological contamination of water. We finally show that these oligodynamic properties can be significantly enhanced with a small externally applied voltage, indicating the noteworthy potential of such structures for water purification and pollution control.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00353-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00354-8
Hang Liu, Jinhui Fan, Xinyi Lin, Kai Lin, Suhao Wang, Songyuan Liu, Fei Wang, Jizhou Song
Ultrasound technology has been recognized as the mainstream approach for the identification of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, which holds great value in engineering domain. However, commercial rigid probes are bulky, limiting their adaptability to curved surfaces. Here, we propose a strategy for autonomous identification of flow patterns based on flexible ultrasound array and machine learning. The array features high-performance 1–3 piezoelectric composite material, stretchable serpentine wires, soft Eco-flex layers and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) adhesive layer. The resulting ultrasound array exhibits excellent electromechanical characteristics and offers a large stretchability for an intimate interfacial contact to curved surface without the need of ultrasound coupling agents. We demonstrated that the flexible ultrasound array combined with machine learning can accurately identify gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, in a circular pipeline. This work presents an effective tool for recognizing gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, offering engineering opportunities in petroleum extraction and natural gas transportation.
{"title":"Identification of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns based on flexible ultrasound array and machine learning","authors":"Hang Liu, Jinhui Fan, Xinyi Lin, Kai Lin, Suhao Wang, Songyuan Liu, Fei Wang, Jizhou Song","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00354-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00354-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound technology has been recognized as the mainstream approach for the identification of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, which holds great value in engineering domain. However, commercial rigid probes are bulky, limiting their adaptability to curved surfaces. Here, we propose a strategy for autonomous identification of flow patterns based on flexible ultrasound array and machine learning. The array features high-performance 1–3 piezoelectric composite material, stretchable serpentine wires, soft Eco-flex layers and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) adhesive layer. The resulting ultrasound array exhibits excellent electromechanical characteristics and offers a large stretchability for an intimate interfacial contact to curved surface without the need of ultrasound coupling agents. We demonstrated that the flexible ultrasound array combined with machine learning can accurately identify gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, in a circular pipeline. This work presents an effective tool for recognizing gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, offering engineering opportunities in petroleum extraction and natural gas transportation.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00354-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00350-y
Su Eon Lee, Hanna Lee, Jang Hwan Kim, Jae Chul Park, Sooah Kyung, Hayoung Choi, Su Hyun Baek, Jun Hyun Park, Sohyun Park, Jeong-Min Kim, Hye-Jun Jo, Seung Hyeon Cho, Jiwoong Kim, Hojun Kim, Seung Ho Han, Jun Kyun Oh, Bong Hoon Kim
Recently, an investigation into preventive measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has garnered considerable attention. Consequently, strategies for the proactive prevention of viral pathogens have also attracted significant interest in the field of wearable devices and electronic textiles research, particularly due to their potential applications in personal protective equipment. In this study, we introduce smart textiles designed with optimized piezoelectric devices that exhibit antifouling performance against microorganisms and actively inactivate viruses. These active-type smart textiles, which incorporate advanced lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, a stretchable interconnector array, and polymeric fabric, demonstrate effective antifouling capabilities, detaching approximately 90% of Escherichia coli and 75% of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, they inactivate viruses, releasing ~26.8 ng of N protein from ruptured SARS-CoV-2, using ultrasonic waves within the wearable platform. Experimental results show that piezoelectric smart textiles significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19 by leveraging the electrical and acoustic properties of PZT ceramics.
{"title":"Active-type piezoelectric smart textiles with antifouling performance for pathogenic control","authors":"Su Eon Lee, Hanna Lee, Jang Hwan Kim, Jae Chul Park, Sooah Kyung, Hayoung Choi, Su Hyun Baek, Jun Hyun Park, Sohyun Park, Jeong-Min Kim, Hye-Jun Jo, Seung Hyeon Cho, Jiwoong Kim, Hojun Kim, Seung Ho Han, Jun Kyun Oh, Bong Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00350-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00350-y","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, an investigation into preventive measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has garnered considerable attention. Consequently, strategies for the proactive prevention of viral pathogens have also attracted significant interest in the field of wearable devices and electronic textiles research, particularly due to their potential applications in personal protective equipment. In this study, we introduce smart textiles designed with optimized piezoelectric devices that exhibit antifouling performance against microorganisms and actively inactivate viruses. These active-type smart textiles, which incorporate advanced lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, a stretchable interconnector array, and polymeric fabric, demonstrate effective antifouling capabilities, detaching approximately 90% of Escherichia coli and 75% of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, they inactivate viruses, releasing ~26.8 ng of N protein from ruptured SARS-CoV-2, using ultrasonic waves within the wearable platform. Experimental results show that piezoelectric smart textiles significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19 by leveraging the electrical and acoustic properties of PZT ceramics.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00350-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physiotherapies play a crucial role in noninvasive tissue engineering for wound healing. However, challenges such as the implementation of complex interventions and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes impede widespread application. Here, we proposed a stretchable and wirelessly-powered optoelectronic synergistic patch with a dual-layer serpentine wireless receiver circuit to drive the optoelectronic modulation component. Optimized structure and impedance matching enable the patch to seamlessly attach to irregular skin surfaces and operate robustly over a 30% tensile strain range. Based on Sprague-Dawley rat wound model. The wound closure rate of the optoelectronic synergistic group significantly outperformed both monointervention and blank control groups. Mechanistically, optoelectronic synergistic intervention enhances the secretion of vascular endothelial marker proteins and growth factors, and stabilizes mitochondrial function during oxidative stress. Overall, the scalable amalgamation of flexible electronics, wireless transmission, and synergistic interventions promise to improve wound care.
{"title":"Stretchable wireless optoelectronic synergistic patches for effective wound healing","authors":"Qian Wang, Siyuan Cai, Guang Yao, Liyuan Zhang, Wenhao Lou, Youxin Chen, Qingqing Li, Maowen Xie, Xingyi Gan, Chenzheng Zhou, Taisong Pan, Min Gao, Kangning Zhao, Zhen Cai, Yuan Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00351-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00351-x","url":null,"abstract":"Physiotherapies play a crucial role in noninvasive tissue engineering for wound healing. However, challenges such as the implementation of complex interventions and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes impede widespread application. Here, we proposed a stretchable and wirelessly-powered optoelectronic synergistic patch with a dual-layer serpentine wireless receiver circuit to drive the optoelectronic modulation component. Optimized structure and impedance matching enable the patch to seamlessly attach to irregular skin surfaces and operate robustly over a 30% tensile strain range. Based on Sprague-Dawley rat wound model. The wound closure rate of the optoelectronic synergistic group significantly outperformed both monointervention and blank control groups. Mechanistically, optoelectronic synergistic intervention enhances the secretion of vascular endothelial marker proteins and growth factors, and stabilizes mitochondrial function during oxidative stress. Overall, the scalable amalgamation of flexible electronics, wireless transmission, and synergistic interventions promise to improve wound care.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00351-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00349-5
Haechan Park, Sehyun Kim, Juyeong Lee, Kwangmin Kim, Hanah Na, Yeeun Kim, Daeun Kim, Donghyung Shin, BongSoo Kim, Kyoseung Sim
Silver nanowires-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (AgNWs/PDMS) electrodes are promising components for various soft electronics, but face energy mismatch with organic semiconductors. Attempts at galvanic replacement, involving spontaneous gold (Au) formation on the electrodes, often result in non-uniform and particulate Au coatings, compromising device performance and stability. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for achieving a uniform and complete Au coating on AgNWs/PDMS electrodes by adding NaCl to the Au complex solution. This addition slows down the galvanic replacement process and prevents precipitation, enabling a uniform and complete Au coating on the AgNWs surface. Such coating significantly reduces contact resistance (RC), thereby enhancing the electrical characteristics of p-type organic transistors. Furthermore, the development of high-performance, fully soft organic transistors was achieved incorporating an organic semiconductor-elastomer blend. Additionally, reliable, mechanically stable soft glucose sensor was developed, taking advantage of the complete Au coating, which protects against oxidation during the glucose sensing process.
银纳米线嵌入式聚二甲基硅氧烷（AgNWs/PDMS）电极是各种软电子器件的理想元件，但面临着与有机半导体能量不匹配的问题。在电极上自发形成金（Au）的电化学置换尝试往往会导致金涂层不均匀和微粒化，从而影响器件的性能和稳定性。在本研究中，我们引入了一种新方法，通过在金复合物溶液中添加氯化钠，在 AgNWs/PDMS 电极上形成均匀完整的金涂层。这种添加可减缓电化学置换过程并防止沉淀，从而在 AgNWs 表面形成均匀完整的金涂层。这种镀层可大大降低接触电阻（RC），从而提高 p 型有机晶体管的电气特性。此外，通过有机半导体-弹性体混合物，还开发出了高性能全软有机晶体管。此外，利用金涂层在葡萄糖传感过程中防止氧化的优势，还开发出了可靠、机械稳定的软葡萄糖传感器。
{"title":"Facile strategy for uniform gold coating on silver nanowires embedded PDMS for soft electronics","authors":"Haechan Park, Sehyun Kim, Juyeong Lee, Kwangmin Kim, Hanah Na, Yeeun Kim, Daeun Kim, Donghyung Shin, BongSoo Kim, Kyoseung Sim","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00349-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00349-5","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanowires-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (AgNWs/PDMS) electrodes are promising components for various soft electronics, but face energy mismatch with organic semiconductors. Attempts at galvanic replacement, involving spontaneous gold (Au) formation on the electrodes, often result in non-uniform and particulate Au coatings, compromising device performance and stability. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for achieving a uniform and complete Au coating on AgNWs/PDMS electrodes by adding NaCl to the Au complex solution. This addition slows down the galvanic replacement process and prevents precipitation, enabling a uniform and complete Au coating on the AgNWs surface. Such coating significantly reduces contact resistance (RC), thereby enhancing the electrical characteristics of p-type organic transistors. Furthermore, the development of high-performance, fully soft organic transistors was achieved incorporating an organic semiconductor-elastomer blend. Additionally, reliable, mechanically stable soft glucose sensor was developed, taking advantage of the complete Au coating, which protects against oxidation during the glucose sensing process.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00349-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00342-y
Yuqi Tian, Kai Yang, Yicong Wang, Jie Wang, Andrea S. Carlini, Zhinan Zhang, Yujun Deng, Jinyun Tan, Linfa Peng, Bo Yu, Zhongqin Lin
Well-functioning vascular access (VA) is essential for hemodialysis treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, continuous and accurate monitoring of blood flow to assess high-flux VA during hospitalization or at home is not feasible for either clinical instruments or wearable sensors. Here, we report the design and preclinical validation of a high-precision, long-term, epidermal blood flow sensor that self-adapts to unavoidable sensor-mounting deviations on the skin and is compatible with individual tissue differences. Specifically, the technology is based on thermal dissipation of the skin, and improves the signal-to-error ratio surpassing 4 times when measuring high-flux blood (100–600 mL/min). In preclinical validation, the sensor is compared with the Doppler ultrasound and demonstrate a blood flow resolution of 10–50 mL/min. Furthermore, it is highly-integrated and wearable, measuring 36 × 50 mm2. The sensor paves the way for accurate, convenient, high-flux blood monitoring, offering significant potential to extend the lives of patients with ESRD.
{"title":"Self-adaptive epidermal blood flow sensor for high-flux vascular access monitoring of hemodialysis patients","authors":"Yuqi Tian, Kai Yang, Yicong Wang, Jie Wang, Andrea S. Carlini, Zhinan Zhang, Yujun Deng, Jinyun Tan, Linfa Peng, Bo Yu, Zhongqin Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00342-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00342-y","url":null,"abstract":"Well-functioning vascular access (VA) is essential for hemodialysis treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, continuous and accurate monitoring of blood flow to assess high-flux VA during hospitalization or at home is not feasible for either clinical instruments or wearable sensors. Here, we report the design and preclinical validation of a high-precision, long-term, epidermal blood flow sensor that self-adapts to unavoidable sensor-mounting deviations on the skin and is compatible with individual tissue differences. Specifically, the technology is based on thermal dissipation of the skin, and improves the signal-to-error ratio surpassing 4 times when measuring high-flux blood (100–600 mL/min). In preclinical validation, the sensor is compared with the Doppler ultrasound and demonstrate a blood flow resolution of 10–50 mL/min. Furthermore, it is highly-integrated and wearable, measuring 36 × 50 mm2. The sensor paves the way for accurate, convenient, high-flux blood monitoring, offering significant potential to extend the lives of patients with ESRD.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00342-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00344-w
Yunxiang Huang, Gen Li, Tianyu Bai, Yieljae Shin, Xiaoxin Wang, Alexander Ian More, Pierre Boucher, Chandramouli Chandrasekaran, Jifeng Liu, Hui Fang
Integrating flexible electronics and photonics can create revolutionary technologies, but combining these components on a single polymer device has been difficult, particularly for high-volume manufacturing. Here, we present a robust chiplet-level heterogeneous integration of polymer-based circuits (CHIP), where ultrathin polymer electronic and optoelectronic chiplets are vertically bonded at room temperature and shaped into application-specific forms with monolithic Input/Output (I/O). This process was used to develop a flexible 3D integrated optrode with high-density microelectrodes for electrical recording, micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) for optogenetic stimulation, temperature sensors for bio-safe operations, and shielding designs to prevent optoelectronic artifacts. CHIP enables simple, high-yield, and scalable 3D integration, double-sided area utilization, and miniaturization of connection I/O. Systematic characterization demonstrated the scheme’s success and also identified frequency-dependent origins of optoelectronic artifacts. We envision CHIP being applied to numerous polymer-based devices for a wide range of applications.
{"title":"Flexible electronic-photonic 3D integration from ultrathin polymer chiplets","authors":"Yunxiang Huang, Gen Li, Tianyu Bai, Yieljae Shin, Xiaoxin Wang, Alexander Ian More, Pierre Boucher, Chandramouli Chandrasekaran, Jifeng Liu, Hui Fang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00344-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00344-w","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating flexible electronics and photonics can create revolutionary technologies, but combining these components on a single polymer device has been difficult, particularly for high-volume manufacturing. Here, we present a robust chiplet-level heterogeneous integration of polymer-based circuits (CHIP), where ultrathin polymer electronic and optoelectronic chiplets are vertically bonded at room temperature and shaped into application-specific forms with monolithic Input/Output (I/O). This process was used to develop a flexible 3D integrated optrode with high-density microelectrodes for electrical recording, micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) for optogenetic stimulation, temperature sensors for bio-safe operations, and shielding designs to prevent optoelectronic artifacts. CHIP enables simple, high-yield, and scalable 3D integration, double-sided area utilization, and miniaturization of connection I/O. Systematic characterization demonstrated the scheme’s success and also identified frequency-dependent origins of optoelectronic artifacts. We envision CHIP being applied to numerous polymer-based devices for a wide range of applications.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00344-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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