Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00254-3
Yuanhao Liu, Yiwen Shen, Wei Ding, Xiangkun Zhang, Weiliang Tian, Song Yang, Bin Hui, Kewei Zhang
The rapid development of smart and carbon-neutral cities motivates the potential of natural materials for triboelectric electronics. However, the relatively deficient charge density makes it challenging to achieve high Maxwell’s displacement current. Here, we propose a methodology for improving the triboelectricity of marine polysaccharide by incorporating charged phyllosilicate nanosheets. As a proof-of-concept, a flexible, flame-retardant, and eco-friendly triboelectric sensor is developed based on all-natural composite paper from alginate fibers and vermiculite nanosheets. The interlaced fibers and nanosheets not only enable superior electrical output but also give rise to wear resistance and mechanical stability. The fabricated triboelectric sensor successfully monitors slight motion signals from various joints of human body. Moreover, an effective machine-learning model is developed for human motion identification and prediction with accuracy of 96.2% and 99.8%, respectively. This work offers a promising strategy for improving the triboelectricity of organo-substrates and enables implementation of self-powered and intelligent platform for emerging applications.
{"title":"All-natural phyllosilicate-polysaccharide triboelectric sensor for machine learning-assisted human motion prediction","authors":"Yuanhao Liu, Yiwen Shen, Wei Ding, Xiangkun Zhang, Weiliang Tian, Song Yang, Bin Hui, Kewei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00254-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00254-3","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of smart and carbon-neutral cities motivates the potential of natural materials for triboelectric electronics. However, the relatively deficient charge density makes it challenging to achieve high Maxwell’s displacement current. Here, we propose a methodology for improving the triboelectricity of marine polysaccharide by incorporating charged phyllosilicate nanosheets. As a proof-of-concept, a flexible, flame-retardant, and eco-friendly triboelectric sensor is developed based on all-natural composite paper from alginate fibers and vermiculite nanosheets. The interlaced fibers and nanosheets not only enable superior electrical output but also give rise to wear resistance and mechanical stability. The fabricated triboelectric sensor successfully monitors slight motion signals from various joints of human body. Moreover, an effective machine-learning model is developed for human motion identification and prediction with accuracy of 96.2% and 99.8%, respectively. This work offers a promising strategy for improving the triboelectricity of organo-substrates and enables implementation of self-powered and intelligent platform for emerging applications.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00254-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43713164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00246-3
Hyeyun Lee, Soyoung Lee, Jaeseong Kim, Heesoo Jung, Kyung Jae Yoon, Srinivas Gandla, Hogun Park, Sunkook Kim
With advances in artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms, gesture recognition accuracy from sEMG signals has continued to increase. Spatiotemporal multichannel-sEMG signals substantially increase the quantity and reliability of the data for any type of study. Here, we report an array of bipolar stretchable sEMG electrodes with a self-attention-based graph neural network to recognize gestures with high accuracy. The array is designed to spatially cover the skeletal muscles to acquire the regional sampling data of EMG activity from 18 different gestures. The system can differentiate individual static and dynamic gestures with ~97% accuracy when training a single trial per gesture. Moreover, a sticky patchwork of holes adhered to an array sensor enables skin-like attributes such as stretchability and water vapor permeability and aids in delivering stable EMG signals. In addition, the recognition accuracy (~95%) remained unchanged even after long-term testing for over 72 h and being reused more than 10 times.
{"title":"Stretchable array electromyography sensor with graph neural network for static and dynamic gestures recognition system","authors":"Hyeyun Lee, Soyoung Lee, Jaeseong Kim, Heesoo Jung, Kyung Jae Yoon, Srinivas Gandla, Hogun Park, Sunkook Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00246-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00246-3","url":null,"abstract":"With advances in artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms, gesture recognition accuracy from sEMG signals has continued to increase. Spatiotemporal multichannel-sEMG signals substantially increase the quantity and reliability of the data for any type of study. Here, we report an array of bipolar stretchable sEMG electrodes with a self-attention-based graph neural network to recognize gestures with high accuracy. The array is designed to spatially cover the skeletal muscles to acquire the regional sampling data of EMG activity from 18 different gestures. The system can differentiate individual static and dynamic gestures with ~97% accuracy when training a single trial per gesture. Moreover, a sticky patchwork of holes adhered to an array sensor enables skin-like attributes such as stretchability and water vapor permeability and aids in delivering stable EMG signals. In addition, the recognition accuracy (~95%) remained unchanged even after long-term testing for over 72 h and being reused more than 10 times.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00246-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41671309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tactile sensing has been a key challenge in robotic haptics. Inspired by how human skin sense the stress field with layered structure and distributed mechanoreceptors, we herein propose a design for modular multi-parameter perception electronic skin. With the stress field sensing concept, complex tactile signals can be transformed into field information. By analyzing the stress field, the real-time three-dimensional forces can be resolved with 1.8° polar angle resolution and 3.5° azimuthal angle resolution (achieved up to 71 folds of improvement in spatial resolution), we can also detect the hardness of object in contact with the electronic skin. Moreover, we demonstrate random assembly of the sensing arrays and integration of our electronic skin onto differently curved surfaces do not lead to any measurement variation of the stress field. This result reveals that the sensing elements in our electronic skin system can be modularly made and exchanged for specific applications.
{"title":"Multi-parameter e-skin based on biomimetic mechanoreceptors and stress field sensing","authors":"Chao Shang, Qunhui Xu, Nengmin Liang, Jianpeng Zhang, Lu Li, Zhengchun Peng","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00252-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00252-5","url":null,"abstract":"Tactile sensing has been a key challenge in robotic haptics. Inspired by how human skin sense the stress field with layered structure and distributed mechanoreceptors, we herein propose a design for modular multi-parameter perception electronic skin. With the stress field sensing concept, complex tactile signals can be transformed into field information. By analyzing the stress field, the real-time three-dimensional forces can be resolved with 1.8° polar angle resolution and 3.5° azimuthal angle resolution (achieved up to 71 folds of improvement in spatial resolution), we can also detect the hardness of object in contact with the electronic skin. Moreover, we demonstrate random assembly of the sensing arrays and integration of our electronic skin onto differently curved surfaces do not lead to any measurement variation of the stress field. This result reveals that the sensing elements in our electronic skin system can be modularly made and exchanged for specific applications.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00252-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47186374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn increasing attention due to their promising applications for wearable electronics and aerospace applications. However, the efficiency and stability of flexible PSCs still lag behind their rigid counterparts. Here, we use N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA) to in situ synthesize cross-linking polymer for flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs. DMAA can gather at grain boundary as a scaffold to regulate the crystallization of perovskite and reduce defects. The rigid and flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs showed efficiencies of 16.44% and 15.44%, respectively. In addition, the flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs demonstrated excellent bending durability, which retained over 80% of the original efficiency after 5000 bending cycles at a radius of 5 mm.
{"title":"High performance flexible Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells enabled by a crosslinking additive","authors":"Ya Li, Suhao Yan, Jiupeng Cao, Haoyu Chen, Bingxu Liu, Jiankai Xie, Yuting Shu, Fangfang Wang, Aifei Wang, Jingjin Dong, Tianshi Qin","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00253-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00253-4","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn increasing attention due to their promising applications for wearable electronics and aerospace applications. However, the efficiency and stability of flexible PSCs still lag behind their rigid counterparts. Here, we use N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA) to in situ synthesize cross-linking polymer for flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs. DMAA can gather at grain boundary as a scaffold to regulate the crystallization of perovskite and reduce defects. The rigid and flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs showed efficiencies of 16.44% and 15.44%, respectively. In addition, the flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs demonstrated excellent bending durability, which retained over 80% of the original efficiency after 5000 bending cycles at a radius of 5 mm.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00253-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48881535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00251-6
Soo-Won Choi, Jae-Ho Park, Ji-Woo Seo, Chaewon Mun, Yonghun Kim, Pungkeun Song, Myunghun Shin, Jung-Dae Kwon
Flexible and transparent thin-film silicon solar cells were fabricated and optimized for building-integrated photovoltaics and bifacial operation. A laser lift-off method was developed to avoid thermal damage during the transfer of light-scattering structures onto colorless polyimide substrates and thus enhance front-incidence photocurrent, while a dual n-type rear window layer was introduced to reduce optical losses, facilitate electron transport for rear incidence, and thus enhance performance during bifacial operation. The introduction of the window layer increased the rear-to-front power conversion efficiency ratio to ~86%. The optimized bifacial power conversion efficiency for front and rear irradiances of 1 and 0.3 sun, respectively, equaled 6.15%, and the average transmittance within 500–800 nm equaled 36.9%. Additionally, the flexible and transparent solar cells fabricated using laser lift-off exhibited good mechanical reliability (i.e., sustained 500 cycles at a bending radius of 6 mm) and were therefore suitable for building-integrated photovoltaics.
{"title":"Flexible and transparent thin-film light-scattering photovoltaics about fabrication and optimization for bifacial operation","authors":"Soo-Won Choi, Jae-Ho Park, Ji-Woo Seo, Chaewon Mun, Yonghun Kim, Pungkeun Song, Myunghun Shin, Jung-Dae Kwon","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00251-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00251-6","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible and transparent thin-film silicon solar cells were fabricated and optimized for building-integrated photovoltaics and bifacial operation. A laser lift-off method was developed to avoid thermal damage during the transfer of light-scattering structures onto colorless polyimide substrates and thus enhance front-incidence photocurrent, while a dual n-type rear window layer was introduced to reduce optical losses, facilitate electron transport for rear incidence, and thus enhance performance during bifacial operation. The introduction of the window layer increased the rear-to-front power conversion efficiency ratio to ~86%. The optimized bifacial power conversion efficiency for front and rear irradiances of 1 and 0.3 sun, respectively, equaled 6.15%, and the average transmittance within 500–800 nm equaled 36.9%. Additionally, the flexible and transparent solar cells fabricated using laser lift-off exhibited good mechanical reliability (i.e., sustained 500 cycles at a bending radius of 6 mm) and were therefore suitable for building-integrated photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00251-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45792882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00250-7
Jianjun Li, Kaiwen Sun, Xiaojie Yuan, Jialiang Huang, Martin A. Green, Xiaojing Hao
Flexible photovoltaics have been and will be increasingly in demand in modern and future society in various applications. Searching for ideal flexible photovoltaic technologies that can perfectly meet these expanding demands has long been an active branch of photovoltaic research. Flexible kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) has emerged in recent years owning to its great potential to be an abundant, low-cost, stable, and high-efficiency ‘green’ photovoltaic material that can be widely deployed with the lowest detrimental environmental impact. Here, we review the recent progress with flexible kesterite solar cells in thin-film and monograin technologies, discuss the key challenges and strategies associated with the flexible substrates, and finally provide the future perspectives on further pushing the efficiency toward commercial-competitive levels.
{"title":"Emergence of flexible kesterite solar cells: progress and perspectives","authors":"Jianjun Li, Kaiwen Sun, Xiaojie Yuan, Jialiang Huang, Martin A. Green, Xiaojing Hao","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00250-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00250-7","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible photovoltaics have been and will be increasingly in demand in modern and future society in various applications. Searching for ideal flexible photovoltaic technologies that can perfectly meet these expanding demands has long been an active branch of photovoltaic research. Flexible kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) has emerged in recent years owning to its great potential to be an abundant, low-cost, stable, and high-efficiency ‘green’ photovoltaic material that can be widely deployed with the lowest detrimental environmental impact. Here, we review the recent progress with flexible kesterite solar cells in thin-film and monograin technologies, discuss the key challenges and strategies associated with the flexible substrates, and finally provide the future perspectives on further pushing the efficiency toward commercial-competitive levels.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00250-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43231581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00248-1
Ho Seung Lee, Byeongju Noh, Seong Uk Kong, Yong Ha Hwang, Ha-Eun Cho, Yongmin Jeon, Kyung Cheol Choi
Increasing demand for real-time healthcare monitoring is leading to advances in thin and flexible optoelectronic device-based wearable pulse oximetry. Most previous studies have used OLEDs for this purpose, but did not consider the side effects of broad full-width half-maximum (FWHM) characteristics and single substrates. In this study, we performed SpO2 measurement using a fiber-based quantum-dot pulse oximetry (FQPO) system capable of mass production with a transferable encapsulation technique, and a narrow FWHM of about 30 nm. Based on analyses we determined that uniform angular narrow FWHM-based light sources are important for accurate SpO2 measurements through multi-layer structures and human skin tissues. The FQPO was shown to have improved photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal sensitivity with no waveguide-mode noise signal, as is typically generated when using a single substrate (30–50%). We successfully demonstrate improved SpO2 measurement accuracy as well as all-in-one clothing-type pulse oximetry with FQPO.
{"title":"Fiber-based quantum-dot pulse oximetry for wearable health monitoring with high wavelength selectivity and photoplethysmogram sensitivity","authors":"Ho Seung Lee, Byeongju Noh, Seong Uk Kong, Yong Ha Hwang, Ha-Eun Cho, Yongmin Jeon, Kyung Cheol Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00248-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00248-1","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing demand for real-time healthcare monitoring is leading to advances in thin and flexible optoelectronic device-based wearable pulse oximetry. Most previous studies have used OLEDs for this purpose, but did not consider the side effects of broad full-width half-maximum (FWHM) characteristics and single substrates. In this study, we performed SpO2 measurement using a fiber-based quantum-dot pulse oximetry (FQPO) system capable of mass production with a transferable encapsulation technique, and a narrow FWHM of about 30 nm. Based on analyses we determined that uniform angular narrow FWHM-based light sources are important for accurate SpO2 measurements through multi-layer structures and human skin tissues. The FQPO was shown to have improved photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal sensitivity with no waveguide-mode noise signal, as is typically generated when using a single substrate (30–50%). We successfully demonstrate improved SpO2 measurement accuracy as well as all-in-one clothing-type pulse oximetry with FQPO.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10020774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9169783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00249-0
N. Fumeaux, D. Briand
Transient electronics offer a promising solution for reducing electronic waste and for use in implantable bioelectronics, yet their fabrication remains challenging. We report on a scalable method that synergistically combines chemical and photonic mechanisms to sinter printed Zn microparticles. Following reduction of the oxide layer using an acidic solution, zinc particles are agglomerated into a continuous layer using a flash lamp annealing treatment. The resulting sintered Zn patterns exhibit electrical conductivity values as high as 5.62 × 106 S m−1. The electrical conductivity and durability of the printed zinc traces enable the fabrication of biodegradable sensors and LC circuits: temperature, strain, and chipless wireless force sensors, and radio-frequency inductive coils for remote powering. The process allows for reduced photonic energy to be delivered to the substrate and is compatible with temperature-sensitive polymeric and cellulosic substrates, enabling new avenues for the additive manufacturing of biodegradable electronics and transient implants.
瞬态电子学为减少电子垃圾和用于植入式生物电子学提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案，但其制造仍具有挑战性。我们报告了一种可扩展的方法，该方法将化学和光子机制协同结合，烧结出印刷锌微粒。在使用酸性溶液还原氧化层后，使用闪光灯退火处理将锌颗粒聚集成一个连续的层。烧结后的锌图案显示出高达 5.62 × 106 S m-1 的导电率。印刷锌迹线的导电性和耐用性使得可生物降解传感器和 LC 电路的制造成为可能：温度、应变和无芯片无线力传感器，以及用于远程供电的射频感应线圈。该工艺可减少传送到基底的光子能量，并与对温度敏感的聚合物和纤维素基底兼容，从而为生物可降解电子器件和瞬态植入物的增材制造开辟了新途径。
{"title":"Zinc hybrid sintering for printed transient sensors and wireless electronics","authors":"N. Fumeaux, D. Briand","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00249-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00249-0","url":null,"abstract":"Transient electronics offer a promising solution for reducing electronic waste and for use in implantable bioelectronics, yet their fabrication remains challenging. We report on a scalable method that synergistically combines chemical and photonic mechanisms to sinter printed Zn microparticles. Following reduction of the oxide layer using an acidic solution, zinc particles are agglomerated into a continuous layer using a flash lamp annealing treatment. The resulting sintered Zn patterns exhibit electrical conductivity values as high as 5.62 × 106 S m−1. The electrical conductivity and durability of the printed zinc traces enable the fabrication of biodegradable sensors and LC circuits: temperature, strain, and chipless wireless force sensors, and radio-frequency inductive coils for remote powering. The process allows for reduced photonic energy to be delivered to the substrate and is compatible with temperature-sensitive polymeric and cellulosic substrates, enabling new avenues for the additive manufacturing of biodegradable electronics and transient implants.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00249-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45680962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paper-based electronics have attracted much attention due to their softness, degradability, and low cost. However, paper-based sensors are difficult to apply to high-humidity environments or even underwater. Here, we report a fully paper-integrated piezoresistive sensing system that exhibits flexibility, waterproofing, air permeability, and biocompatibility. This system consists of hydrophobic paper as the substrate and encapsulation layer, conductive paper with a double ‘zig-zag’ and dotted surface structure as the sensing layer, and silver paste films as the interconnects. The structural design of the sensing layer helps to increase the contact area in adjacent layers under pressure and further improves the pressure sensitivity. The piezoresistive system can be worn on human skin in the ambient environment, wet environment, and water for real-time monitoring of physiological signals with air permeability and waterproofing due to its hydrophobic fiber structure. Such a device provides a reliable, economical, and eco-friendly solution to wearable technologies.
{"title":"Fully paper-integrated hydrophobic and air permeable piezoresistive sensors for high-humidity and underwater wearable motion monitoring","authors":"Yuewen Wei, Xuewen Shi, Zhuoqi Yao, Jiacai Zhi, Lixuan Hu, Ren Yan, Chuanqian Shi, Hai-Dong Yu, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00244-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00244-5","url":null,"abstract":"Paper-based electronics have attracted much attention due to their softness, degradability, and low cost. However, paper-based sensors are difficult to apply to high-humidity environments or even underwater. Here, we report a fully paper-integrated piezoresistive sensing system that exhibits flexibility, waterproofing, air permeability, and biocompatibility. This system consists of hydrophobic paper as the substrate and encapsulation layer, conductive paper with a double ‘zig-zag’ and dotted surface structure as the sensing layer, and silver paste films as the interconnects. The structural design of the sensing layer helps to increase the contact area in adjacent layers under pressure and further improves the pressure sensitivity. The piezoresistive system can be worn on human skin in the ambient environment, wet environment, and water for real-time monitoring of physiological signals with air permeability and waterproofing due to its hydrophobic fiber structure. Such a device provides a reliable, economical, and eco-friendly solution to wearable technologies.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00244-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43038575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.1038/s41528-023-00247-2
Taewi Kim, Insic Hong, Yeonwook Roh, Dongjin Kim, Sungwook Kim, Sunghoon Im, Changhwan Kim, Kiwon Jang, Seongyeon Kim, Minho Kim, Jieun Park, Dohyeon Gong, Kihyeon Ahn, Jingoo Lee, Gunhee Lee, Hak-Seung Lee, Jeehoon Kang, Ji Man Hong, Seungchul Lee, Sungchul Seo, Bon-Kwon Koo, Je-sung Koh, Seungyong Han, Daeshik Kang
The recent advances of wearable sensors are remarkable but there are still limitations that they need to be refabricated to tune the sensor for target signal. However, biological sensory systems have the inherent potential to adjust their sensitivity according to the external environment, allowing for a broad and enhanced detection. Here, we developed a Tunable, Ultrasensitive, Nature-inspired, Epidermal Sensor (TUNES) that the strain sensitivity was dramatically increased (GF ~30k) and the pressure sensitivity could be tuned (10–254 kPa−1) by preset membrane tension. The sensor adjusts the sensitivity to the pressure regime by preset tension, so it can measure a wide range (0.05 Pa–25 kPa) with the best performance: from very small signals such as minute pulse to relatively large signals such as muscle contraction and respiration. We verified its capabilities as a wearable health monitoring system by clinical trial comparing with pressure wire which is considered the current gold standard of blood pressure (r = 0.96) and home health care system by binary classification of Old’s/Young’s pulse waves via machine learning (accuracy 95%).
{"title":"Spider-inspired tunable mechanosensor for biomedical applications","authors":"Taewi Kim, Insic Hong, Yeonwook Roh, Dongjin Kim, Sungwook Kim, Sunghoon Im, Changhwan Kim, Kiwon Jang, Seongyeon Kim, Minho Kim, Jieun Park, Dohyeon Gong, Kihyeon Ahn, Jingoo Lee, Gunhee Lee, Hak-Seung Lee, Jeehoon Kang, Ji Man Hong, Seungchul Lee, Sungchul Seo, Bon-Kwon Koo, Je-sung Koh, Seungyong Han, Daeshik Kang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-023-00247-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-023-00247-2","url":null,"abstract":"The recent advances of wearable sensors are remarkable but there are still limitations that they need to be refabricated to tune the sensor for target signal. However, biological sensory systems have the inherent potential to adjust their sensitivity according to the external environment, allowing for a broad and enhanced detection. Here, we developed a Tunable, Ultrasensitive, Nature-inspired, Epidermal Sensor (TUNES) that the strain sensitivity was dramatically increased (GF ~30k) and the pressure sensitivity could be tuned (10–254 kPa−1) by preset membrane tension. The sensor adjusts the sensitivity to the pressure regime by preset tension, so it can measure a wide range (0.05 Pa–25 kPa) with the best performance: from very small signals such as minute pulse to relatively large signals such as muscle contraction and respiration. We verified its capabilities as a wearable health monitoring system by clinical trial comparing with pressure wire which is considered the current gold standard of blood pressure (r = 0.96) and home health care system by binary classification of Old’s/Young’s pulse waves via machine learning (accuracy 95%).","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-023-00247-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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