Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230011
A.R. Patil, P. Wadje, R. Meenatchi
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (USAE) and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MWAE) methods on the quality parameters and yield of silkworm pupae oil. The selected key independent variables that impact the extraction process, such as power levels, liquid-solid (L/S) ratio, and time for the extraction of SPO (silkworm pupae oil), were optimised. The extracted silkworm pupa oil was further characterised for oil quality, thermal behaviour using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter), colour values and fatty acid profile for its suitability for various food applications. USAE resulted in a maximum oil yield of 36.60 ± 0.20% at 400 W with an L/S ratio of 6 ml/g at 20 min pulsation time. The fatty acid profile of SPO through GC-MS revealed significant amounts of linoleic acid and linolenic acid (6.50% and 67.18%) in USAE, followed by MWAE (34.40 ± 0.20%). Further, the FTIR spectra revealed high-intensity bands ranging between 2300-3000 cm−1, associated with functional groups from long-chain alkyl groups and triglycerides. It was observed that SPO had Omega-3 and Omega-6 long chain fatty acids and triglycerides which are essential for human health. Antioxidant activity exhibited high free radical scavenging in USAE (27.46 ± 0.15%) followed by MWAE (26.63 ± 0.15%). The morphology of SEM images of USAE exhibits microstructural damage to cells resulting in the release of more oil. DSC thermograph displayed that crystallisation and melting curve temperatures for USAE and MWAE were lower than SXLE (soxhlet extraction) alone due to higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. SPO extracted using USAE exhibited higher oil yield with significant antioxidant capacity and good thermal properties for its application in food products.
{"title":"Ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) oil and its quality characterisation","authors":"A.R. Patil, P. Wadje, R. Meenatchi","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230011","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (USAE) and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MWAE) methods on the quality parameters and yield of silkworm pupae oil. The selected key independent variables that impact the extraction process, such as power levels, liquid-solid (L/S) ratio, and time for the extraction of SPO (silkworm pupae oil), were optimised. The extracted silkworm pupa oil was further characterised for oil quality, thermal behaviour using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter), colour values and fatty acid profile for its suitability for various food applications. USAE resulted in a maximum oil yield of 36.60 ± 0.20% at 400 W with an L/S ratio of 6 ml/g at 20 min pulsation time. The fatty acid profile of SPO through GC-MS revealed significant amounts of linoleic acid and linolenic acid (6.50% and 67.18%) in USAE, followed by MWAE (34.40 ± 0.20%). Further, the FTIR spectra revealed high-intensity bands ranging between 2300-3000 cm−1, associated with functional groups from long-chain alkyl groups and triglycerides. It was observed that SPO had Omega-3 and Omega-6 long chain fatty acids and triglycerides which are essential for human health. Antioxidant activity exhibited high free radical scavenging in USAE (27.46 ± 0.15%) followed by MWAE (26.63 ± 0.15%). The morphology of SEM images of USAE exhibits microstructural damage to cells resulting in the release of more oil. DSC thermograph displayed that crystallisation and melting curve temperatures for USAE and MWAE were lower than SXLE (soxhlet extraction) alone due to higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. SPO extracted using USAE exhibited higher oil yield with significant antioxidant capacity and good thermal properties for its application in food products.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"58 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230171
I. Piña-Domínguez, E. Ruíz-May, D. Hernández-Rodriguez, R.C. Zepeda, G. Melgar-Lalanne
Chicatana is the reproductive ant (male and female) of Atta mexicana specie (Smith, 1958). The abdomen is separated from the whole animal and traditionally used as food and medicinal remedy in the Estate of Veracruz (Mexico). It is rich in proteins and chitin. The insect protein concentrates (PCO) may be a way to valorise the edible insects. This research aimed to analyse the antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and antimicrobial activity in their edible form and as a protein concentrate. The results showed a protein concentrate with 56.18 ± 14.20 g protein/100 g. The chitin content of the edible abdomen was 16.05 g/100 g of dry matter. The edible part of the ant and the protein concentrate resulted in high antioxidant activity and some hypoglycemic activity. However, no antimicrobial activity could be found in either sample. Thus, the abdomen of Chicatana ants consumed in Veracruz may be a functional protein-rich food with antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Bioactivity of the edible part of Chicatana ant (Atta mexicana, Smith 1858) and its protein concentrate","authors":"I. Piña-Domínguez, E. Ruíz-May, D. Hernández-Rodriguez, R.C. Zepeda, G. Melgar-Lalanne","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230171","url":null,"abstract":"Chicatana is the reproductive ant (male and female) of Atta mexicana specie (Smith, 1958). The abdomen is separated from the whole animal and traditionally used as food and medicinal remedy in the Estate of Veracruz (Mexico). It is rich in proteins and chitin. The insect protein concentrates (PCO) may be a way to valorise the edible insects. This research aimed to analyse the antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and antimicrobial activity in their edible form and as a protein concentrate. The results showed a protein concentrate with 56.18 ± 14.20 g protein/100 g. The chitin content of the edible abdomen was 16.05 g/100 g of dry matter. The edible part of the ant and the protein concentrate resulted in high antioxidant activity and some hypoglycemic activity. However, no antimicrobial activity could be found in either sample. Thus, the abdomen of Chicatana ants consumed in Veracruz may be a functional protein-rich food with antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230032
L. Frooninckx, J. De Smet, S. Van Miert, M. Van Der Borght
Insects have the potential to form the basis of a sustainable value chain that plays a key role in the transition to a biobased economy. Numerous companies recognize the potential of insects, but immediate application on an industrial scale is hampered by several obstacles such as regulatory uncertainties and the need for support to upscale their processes. Another challenge is that only limited information is available on industrial insect rearing, and the information that is freely available often comes from small-scale research. Translating the research findings of that small-scale research to industrial scale is often cumbersome. In Belgium, KU Leuven and Thomas More in collaboration with VITO started doing research on insect rearing and processing about a decade ago. They recognized the need to add expertise on pilot scale, aside from their research on laboratory scale, as an intermediate step towards industrial production. The realisation of the Insect Pilot Plant in Belgium has enabled their ambition to offer such solutions at pilot scale. Additional benefit of having this pilot facility is that increased reliability and flexibility that comes with it enables the standardisation of all experiments, lab-scale as well as pilot scale, further increasing the expertise of the research centres involved and their ability to transfer that expertise to the sector.
{"title":"The need for dedicated pilot plant infrastructure for insect rearing and processing: a case-study from Belgium","authors":"L. Frooninckx, J. De Smet, S. Van Miert, M. Van Der Borght","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230032","url":null,"abstract":"Insects have the potential to form the basis of a sustainable value chain that plays a key role in the transition to a biobased economy. Numerous companies recognize the potential of insects, but immediate application on an industrial scale is hampered by several obstacles such as regulatory uncertainties and the need for support to upscale their processes. Another challenge is that only limited information is available on industrial insect rearing, and the information that is freely available often comes from small-scale research. Translating the research findings of that small-scale research to industrial scale is often cumbersome. In Belgium, KU Leuven and Thomas More in collaboration with VITO started doing research on insect rearing and processing about a decade ago. They recognized the need to add expertise on pilot scale, aside from their research on laboratory scale, as an intermediate step towards industrial production. The realisation of the Insect Pilot Plant in Belgium has enabled their ambition to offer such solutions at pilot scale. Additional benefit of having this pilot facility is that increased reliability and flexibility that comes with it enables the standardisation of all experiments, lab-scale as well as pilot scale, further increasing the expertise of the research centres involved and their ability to transfer that expertise to the sector.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230143
C. Lopez-Viso, M. Castellanos-Uribe, T. May, J. Brameld, A. Salter, T. Parr
Insects are of high interest as a sustainable source of nutrients to be included in the food production system. The larvae of Tenebrio molitor, commonly known as yellow mealworms (MW), have a high protein content, which means potential applications in the animal feed and human food sectors. However, previous reports have shown considerable variability in the nutrient composition of mealworms, which may in part, be due to harvesting at different developmental stages. A better understanding of the regulation of composition during development would potentially facilitate future attempts to manipulate nutrient content, perhaps through gene editing, to maximize commercial value. In the present study, mealworms were harvested at various time points within a 24 day period leading up to the start of pupation. At the earliest time points (between days −24 and −17), a 44% increase in fat content was seen, which was maintained throughout the rest of development. By day −12, protein content fell by 12%, a change that was also maintained. Throughout development there was a change in fatty acid composition, with a shift from oleic acid being the major fatty acid at day −24, to linoleic acid being predominant at later time points. In an attempt to better understand the genetic basis of these changes, an analysis of the transcriptome was undertaken. In the absence of a specific annotated genome for the mealworm, an Affymetrix GeneChip microarray for Drosophila was utilized. The hybridisation of RNA extracted from five developmental stages (larvae and pupae) showed differential gene expression; and some potential orthologs were identified which may be involved in regulating nutrient composition during development. However, we were unable to identify a significant proportion of the most highly regulated genes, highlighting the need for a fully annotated mealworm genome.
{"title":"Changes in nutrient composition and gene expression in growing mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)","authors":"C. Lopez-Viso, M. Castellanos-Uribe, T. May, J. Brameld, A. Salter, T. Parr","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230143","url":null,"abstract":"Insects are of high interest as a sustainable source of nutrients to be included in the food production system. The larvae of Tenebrio molitor, commonly known as yellow mealworms (MW), have a high protein content, which means potential applications in the animal feed and human food sectors. However, previous reports have shown considerable variability in the nutrient composition of mealworms, which may in part, be due to harvesting at different developmental stages. A better understanding of the regulation of composition during development would potentially facilitate future attempts to manipulate nutrient content, perhaps through gene editing, to maximize commercial value. In the present study, mealworms were harvested at various time points within a 24 day period leading up to the start of pupation. At the earliest time points (between days −24 and −17), a 44% increase in fat content was seen, which was maintained throughout the rest of development. By day −12, protein content fell by 12%, a change that was also maintained. Throughout development there was a change in fatty acid composition, with a shift from oleic acid being the major fatty acid at day −24, to linoleic acid being predominant at later time points. In an attempt to better understand the genetic basis of these changes, an analysis of the transcriptome was undertaken. In the absence of a specific annotated genome for the mealworm, an Affymetrix GeneChip microarray for Drosophila was utilized. The hybridisation of RNA extracted from five developmental stages (larvae and pupae) showed differential gene expression; and some potential orthologs were identified which may be involved in regulating nutrient composition during development. However, we were unable to identify a significant proportion of the most highly regulated genes, highlighting the need for a fully annotated mealworm genome.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230078
W.W.M.Z. Somarny, G. Kuppusamy, N. Samat, S. Azam-Ali
The study assessed the nutrient composition of Sesbania grandiflora (SG) and Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves, and agro-industrial by-products, including soybean waste (SBW), wheat pollard (WP), rice bran (RB), and milk-extracted coconut meat (MECM) to determine the potential of these resources as feed substrates for rearing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Developmental studies of BSFL were conducted for three weeks with four replicates for each substrate. The nutrient composition and growth performance data were collected until half of the larvae had transformed into prepupae. The crude protein (CP) content of BSFL ranged from 26 to 57 g/100 g on a dry matter (DM) basis. The CP levels of larvae declined significantly () as the development time progressed. The ether extract (EE) or crude fat levels of larvae ranged between 6 and 55 g/100 g DM and were significantly () different between substrates. In all samples, larval amino acid profiles were characterised by high levels of glutamic acid (4.08 g/100 g DM) and leucine (2.48 g/100 g DM). The SBW-fed larvae showed a shorter development time (12.75 ± 0.25 days); the longest was MECM-fed larvae (28.5 ± 0.29 days). Larvae on the higher protein feed (SG, MO, and SBW) had the highest feed reduction and larval yield compared to the lower protein group (WP, RB, and MECM). The study demonstrated that BSFL can thrive on a range of substrates where all six feedstuffs (SG, MO, SBW, WP, RB, and MECM) have the potential to be employed in mass production of BSFL with high nutritional values. The selection of a good quality substrate for BSFL production is critical since the substrate’s nutrient composition influences the development and nutrient composition of the larvae.
{"title":"Performance of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, l.) on different feed substrates","authors":"W.W.M.Z. Somarny, G. Kuppusamy, N. Samat, S. Azam-Ali","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230078","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the nutrient composition of Sesbania grandiflora (SG) and Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves, and agro-industrial by-products, including soybean waste (SBW), wheat pollard (WP), rice bran (RB), and milk-extracted coconut meat (MECM) to determine the potential of these resources as feed substrates for rearing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Developmental studies of BSFL were conducted for three weeks with four replicates for each substrate. The nutrient composition and growth performance data were collected until half of the larvae had transformed into prepupae. The crude protein (CP) content of BSFL ranged from 26 to 57 g/100 g on a dry matter (DM) basis. The CP levels of larvae declined significantly () as the development time progressed. The ether extract (EE) or crude fat levels of larvae ranged between 6 and 55 g/100 g DM and were significantly () different between substrates. In all samples, larval amino acid profiles were characterised by high levels of glutamic acid (4.08 g/100 g DM) and leucine (2.48 g/100 g DM). The SBW-fed larvae showed a shorter development time (12.75 ± 0.25 days); the longest was MECM-fed larvae (28.5 ± 0.29 days). Larvae on the higher protein feed (SG, MO, and SBW) had the highest feed reduction and larval yield compared to the lower protein group (WP, RB, and MECM). The study demonstrated that BSFL can thrive on a range of substrates where all six feedstuffs (SG, MO, SBW, WP, RB, and MECM) have the potential to be employed in mass production of BSFL with high nutritional values. The selection of a good quality substrate for BSFL production is critical since the substrate’s nutrient composition influences the development and nutrient composition of the larvae.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230068
A. Cattaneo, M. Meneguz, S. Dabbou
The need to reduce, reuse and recycle materials by applying new strategies of circular economy instead of linear systems of disposal is becoming increasingly urgent. The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is being studied for its outstanding capacity to convert organic waste into high-value biomass and as a valuable nutrient source for animal feed. A systematic literature review identified 35 articles on BSF rearing and use in animal feed. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the lipid composition of BSF larvae, in particular their fatty acid (FA) profile and the mechanisms through which the feeding substrate influences the FA profile. BSF larvae are shown to synthesize certain FAs, such as lauric and myristic acid, even when these components are absent from their diet. Furthermore, enriching the rearing substrate with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid is reported to increase the accumulation of these FAs. The saturated FA content increases when BSF larvae are reared on a vegetable-based diet. Moreover, enriching the rearing media with materials high in omega-3 and omega-6 FAs increases their concentration in the larvae and enhances their value as a feed substrate for other animals. Indeed, the supplementation of animal feeds with BSF larvae products is being studied for application in the aquaculture, poultry, and pig farming sectors. BSF larval fats are shown to have a positive effect on animal growth performances, body composition, and gut histology, establishing BSF larvae as an environmentally-sustainable feed ingredient. This review highlights the importance of deepening our knowledge on the various aspects of BSF larvae rearing and treatments which enhance the accumulation of specific lipids and minimize lipid quality deterioration and loss. By summarizing the existing literature on BSF larvae, this article contributes to the advancement of circular economies and the development of sustainable feed practices.
{"title":"The fatty acid composition of black soldier fly larvae: the influence of feed substrate and applications in the feed industry","authors":"A. Cattaneo, M. Meneguz, S. Dabbou","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230068","url":null,"abstract":"The need to reduce, reuse and recycle materials by applying new strategies of circular economy instead of linear systems of disposal is becoming increasingly urgent. The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is being studied for its outstanding capacity to convert organic waste into high-value biomass and as a valuable nutrient source for animal feed. A systematic literature review identified 35 articles on BSF rearing and use in animal feed. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the lipid composition of BSF larvae, in particular their fatty acid (FA) profile and the mechanisms through which the feeding substrate influences the FA profile. BSF larvae are shown to synthesize certain FAs, such as lauric and myristic acid, even when these components are absent from their diet. Furthermore, enriching the rearing substrate with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid is reported to increase the accumulation of these FAs. The saturated FA content increases when BSF larvae are reared on a vegetable-based diet. Moreover, enriching the rearing media with materials high in omega-3 and omega-6 FAs increases their concentration in the larvae and enhances their value as a feed substrate for other animals. Indeed, the supplementation of animal feeds with BSF larvae products is being studied for application in the aquaculture, poultry, and pig farming sectors. BSF larval fats are shown to have a positive effect on animal growth performances, body composition, and gut histology, establishing BSF larvae as an environmentally-sustainable feed ingredient. This review highlights the importance of deepening our knowledge on the various aspects of BSF larvae rearing and treatments which enhance the accumulation of specific lipids and minimize lipid quality deterioration and loss. By summarizing the existing literature on BSF larvae, this article contributes to the advancement of circular economies and the development of sustainable feed practices.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230126
M. Barrett, S.J.J. Adcock
The insects as food and feed (IAFF) industry represents one of the largest undertakings of industrial livestock rearing in human history, with at least a trillion animals reared each year and massive growth potential. As other livestock industries have grown, animal welfare science has become an essential field for maintaining socially responsible, ethical, and sustainable industry practice. Like traditional livestock industries, the IAFF industry could also benefit – ethically, socially, and economically – from a field of welfare science. Here, we present three economic reasons for considering animal welfare in intensive production systems: (1) improving production outcomes, (2) maintaining social license to operate, and (3) differentiating products. In each case, we provide examples from established livestock industries that highlight how the field of animal welfare science can benefit producers. Further, we provide examples of how the IAFF industry would benefit from the support of a dedicated field of welfare science. We end by calling attention to key partnerships between entomologists, welfare scientists, and producers that could advance the common goals of these stakeholder groups, as well as animal welfare in insect agriculture.
{"title":"Animal welfare science: an integral piece of sustainable insect agriculture","authors":"M. Barrett, S.J.J. Adcock","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230126","url":null,"abstract":"The insects as food and feed (IAFF) industry represents one of the largest undertakings of industrial livestock rearing in human history, with at least a trillion animals reared each year and massive growth potential. As other livestock industries have grown, animal welfare science has become an essential field for maintaining socially responsible, ethical, and sustainable industry practice. Like traditional livestock industries, the IAFF industry could also benefit – ethically, socially, and economically – from a field of welfare science. Here, we present three economic reasons for considering animal welfare in intensive production systems: (1) improving production outcomes, (2) maintaining social license to operate, and (3) differentiating products. In each case, we provide examples from established livestock industries that highlight how the field of animal welfare science can benefit producers. Further, we provide examples of how the IAFF industry would benefit from the support of a dedicated field of welfare science. We end by calling attention to key partnerships between entomologists, welfare scientists, and producers that could advance the common goals of these stakeholder groups, as well as animal welfare in insect agriculture.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230049
R. Ponce Reyes, B.D. Lessard
The emerging edible insect market (for human food and animal feed) has a promising growth potential in Australia. With a long cultural tradition of consuming more than 60 native insect species, strong research capabilities and industry experience, the nascent Australian industry is well positioned to become a leader in the edible insect sector. Here, we highlight the need for an inclusive industry with a focus on enabling Indigenous leadership to join the industry. We also stress the need for new foundational research of native insect species and for investment to support current and new businesses as part of a strategy to grow the industry. Research and business development in this space needs strong Indigenous leadership and guidelines to recognise and protect traditional ownership of culturally eaten insect species. This is to guarantee appropriate knowledge and benefit sharing of Indigenous cultural and intellectual property. This model of prioritising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people participation in Australia may be of use and implemented in other countries to achieve an inclusive industry.
{"title":"Towards an inclusive edible insect industry: perspectives from Australia","authors":"R. Ponce Reyes, B.D. Lessard","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230049","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging edible insect market (for human food and animal feed) has a promising growth potential in Australia. With a long cultural tradition of consuming more than 60 native insect species, strong research capabilities and industry experience, the nascent Australian industry is well positioned to become a leader in the edible insect sector. Here, we highlight the need for an inclusive industry with a focus on enabling Indigenous leadership to join the industry. We also stress the need for new foundational research of native insect species and for investment to support current and new businesses as part of a strategy to grow the industry. Research and business development in this space needs strong Indigenous leadership and guidelines to recognise and protect traditional ownership of culturally eaten insect species. This is to guarantee appropriate knowledge and benefit sharing of Indigenous cultural and intellectual property. This model of prioritising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people participation in Australia may be of use and implemented in other countries to achieve an inclusive industry.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230086
W. Theron, G. M. Teke, D. Diedericks, E. van Rensburg, J. Görgens
With the pressing need for alternative waste management strategies that are friendly to the environment, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are being cultivated as exceptional insects for the bioconversion of organic waste into larval biomass rich in protein and fat content. Agricultural residues, such as wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse are recognised as important renewable biomass sources, with potential to replace insufficient amount of suitable organic wastes available for BSFL feeding. This study evaluated the steam pre-treatment from 140 to 215 °C and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses as BSFL feed supplement prior to blending in an equal ratio (50:50) with the standard feed for BSFL rearing. Key findings illustrated that steam pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are vital in liberating the sugar monomers of the lignocellulose biomass for BSFL utilisation, with an optimum steam pre-treatment temperature of 185 °C. With a lignocellulosic feed prepared at this temperature plus supplemented standard feed, a BSFL dry-weight bioconversion of 16% was achieved in 8 to 11 days of rearing. The inhibitory by-products formed by degradation of lignocelluloses during pre-treatment had a significantly negative effect on the rearing of the BSFL, particularly a furan concentration of 0.2 g/L, which should be investigated for efficient BSFL rearing. Finally, the crude protein content in the BSFL reared on the standard feed was higher than the feed substrate supplemented with lignocellulose. This study demonstrated the need for process optimisation and component supplements in the BSFL feed substrates that contain lignocellulosic feedstocks.
{"title":"Steam pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw as a cleaner feedstock for black soldier fly larvae rearing","authors":"W. Theron, G. M. Teke, D. Diedericks, E. van Rensburg, J. Görgens","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230086","url":null,"abstract":"With the pressing need for alternative waste management strategies that are friendly to the environment, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are being cultivated as exceptional insects for the bioconversion of organic waste into larval biomass rich in protein and fat content. Agricultural residues, such as wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse are recognised as important renewable biomass sources, with potential to replace insufficient amount of suitable organic wastes available for BSFL feeding. This study evaluated the steam pre-treatment from 140 to 215 °C and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses as BSFL feed supplement prior to blending in an equal ratio (50:50) with the standard feed for BSFL rearing. Key findings illustrated that steam pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are vital in liberating the sugar monomers of the lignocellulose biomass for BSFL utilisation, with an optimum steam pre-treatment temperature of 185 °C. With a lignocellulosic feed prepared at this temperature plus supplemented standard feed, a BSFL dry-weight bioconversion of 16% was achieved in 8 to 11 days of rearing. The inhibitory by-products formed by degradation of lignocelluloses during pre-treatment had a significantly negative effect on the rearing of the BSFL, particularly a furan concentration of 0.2 g/L, which should be investigated for efficient BSFL rearing. Finally, the crude protein content in the BSFL reared on the standard feed was higher than the feed substrate supplemented with lignocellulose. This study demonstrated the need for process optimisation and component supplements in the BSFL feed substrates that contain lignocellulosic feedstocks.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1163/23524588-20230098
E.L. Santos Neto, R.K.N. Cardoso, L.A.T.A. Santos, F. Sampaio, E. M. Santos, W.A.Z. Restan, K. Aarts, A. Paul, B.A. Loureiro
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal-based pet food is gaining traction in Europe. In order to unlock the full potential of antimicrobial peptides and fatty acids present in BSFL meal, we evaluated the role of BSFL meal containing pet food in modulating the oral health of dogs. During this study eight female beagle dogs were fed with two iso-nutritive diets in a cross-over design with two periods of 50 days each. These diets were made using defatted BSFL meal or low ash poultry by product (PBP) meal as the main protein source. At the end of the first period, the animals underwent a wash out period of 7 days and the treatments were inverted following this treatment. Oral health of dogs was measured by: (1) count of colony forming unit of volatile sulfur producing bacterial (VSC) in dental plaque; (2) DNA extraction and amplification of 16S rRNA genes from saliva for bacterial profiling; and (3) oral malodor scoring. We found significant reduction of VSC () before and after 50 days of BSFL based pet food consumption. Oral malodor score was not significantly different before and after BSFL based pet food consumption. However, there was a strong tendency for malodor reduction related to BSFL fed groups (). Finally, there was a significant difference () between treatments in the relative abundance of Moraxella, with higher abundance in dog’s saliva when fed BSFL diets. This bacterial group is identified as a marker of oral health. In conclusion, the consumption of BSFL meal-based diets has strong potential to decrease VSC and positively modulates the saliva microbiota, which can suppress the occurrence of halitosis and improve oral health.
{"title":"Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal based extruded diets: potential to improve canine oral health","authors":"E.L. Santos Neto, R.K.N. Cardoso, L.A.T.A. Santos, F. Sampaio, E. M. Santos, W.A.Z. Restan, K. Aarts, A. Paul, B.A. Loureiro","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230098","url":null,"abstract":"Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal-based pet food is gaining traction in Europe. In order to unlock the full potential of antimicrobial peptides and fatty acids present in BSFL meal, we evaluated the role of BSFL meal containing pet food in modulating the oral health of dogs. During this study eight female beagle dogs were fed with two iso-nutritive diets in a cross-over design with two periods of 50 days each. These diets were made using defatted BSFL meal or low ash poultry by product (PBP) meal as the main protein source. At the end of the first period, the animals underwent a wash out period of 7 days and the treatments were inverted following this treatment. Oral health of dogs was measured by: (1) count of colony forming unit of volatile sulfur producing bacterial (VSC) in dental plaque; (2) DNA extraction and amplification of 16S rRNA genes from saliva for bacterial profiling; and (3) oral malodor scoring. We found significant reduction of VSC () before and after 50 days of BSFL based pet food consumption. Oral malodor score was not significantly different before and after BSFL based pet food consumption. However, there was a strong tendency for malodor reduction related to BSFL fed groups (). Finally, there was a significant difference () between treatments in the relative abundance of Moraxella, with higher abundance in dog’s saliva when fed BSFL diets. This bacterial group is identified as a marker of oral health. In conclusion, the consumption of BSFL meal-based diets has strong potential to decrease VSC and positively modulates the saliva microbiota, which can suppress the occurrence of halitosis and improve oral health.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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