Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.009
Barbara Gyapong-Korsah, Godwin Armstrong Duku, E. Appiah-Effah, K. Boakye, Bismark Dwumfour-Asare, H. Essandoh, K. Nyarko
Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater generation and reuse patterns among low-income urban residents in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected from three communities (Ayeduase, Kotei, and Twumduase) through cluster sampling, and a total of 458 questionnaires were administered to households. The average amount of greywater generated for various activities in low-income urban settlements was 53.7 l/c/d. The results showed that greywater reuse is not common among the study participants, but those who reuse it prefer laundry to kitchen and bathroom greywater. The proportion of greywater reuse was estimated at 20.1%, with 2.6, 0.9, and 17.9% of households reusing greywater from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced greywater reuse included age, the community of residence, and the type of house. The study suggests that increased education and awareness about greywater treatment, reuse, and impacts in low-income urban communities could lead to increased participation in its management.
{"title":"Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana","authors":"Barbara Gyapong-Korsah, Godwin Armstrong Duku, E. Appiah-Effah, K. Boakye, Bismark Dwumfour-Asare, H. Essandoh, K. Nyarko","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater generation and reuse patterns among low-income urban residents in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected from three communities (Ayeduase, Kotei, and Twumduase) through cluster sampling, and a total of 458 questionnaires were administered to households. The average amount of greywater generated for various activities in low-income urban settlements was 53.7 l/c/d. The results showed that greywater reuse is not common among the study participants, but those who reuse it prefer laundry to kitchen and bathroom greywater. The proportion of greywater reuse was estimated at 20.1%, with 2.6, 0.9, and 17.9% of households reusing greywater from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced greywater reuse included age, the community of residence, and the type of house. The study suggests that increased education and awareness about greywater treatment, reuse, and impacts in low-income urban communities could lead to increased participation in its management.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43752833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.246
G. Hales, Bushra Hasan, Oscar Balongo, Jay Meshvania, Reychel Sanchez-Martinez, Charles Shachinda, P. Hutchings, James Bartram
Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6) is grounded in human rights and derives from international policies refined over decades. We argue that much of this agenda setting and monitoring reflects or gives way to neo-colonialism and neo-liberalism. We implement an online version of the Nominal Group Technique to explore its efficacy for more equitable global agenda setting. We apply the technique to a group of 19 graduate WaSH students – from diverse professional backgrounds and originating from and having worked in all global regions – to gain their insights on future WaSH issues to be included in global targets. This was preceded by preparatory exercises on WaSH progress and influential contextual factors. We thus demonstrate a novel and systematic application of the NGT and discuss its potential to be used in challenging neo-colonial and neo-liberal agenda setting. The results also provide an early assessment of future priorities that could inform post-SDG target setting including: inclusivity among populations and settings, hygiene, menstrual health, sustainability, circular economy, climate resilience, preventing infectious disease transmission, and universal ‘safely managed services’. These are compared with themes highlighted in Joint Monitoring Programme reports, SDG6 indicators and General Comment 15: The Human Right to Water.
{"title":"‘WaSH Futurism’: exploring post-SDG6 targets using the Nominal Group Technique for more equitable global agenda setting","authors":"G. Hales, Bushra Hasan, Oscar Balongo, Jay Meshvania, Reychel Sanchez-Martinez, Charles Shachinda, P. Hutchings, James Bartram","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6) is grounded in human rights and derives from international policies refined over decades. We argue that much of this agenda setting and monitoring reflects or gives way to neo-colonialism and neo-liberalism. We implement an online version of the Nominal Group Technique to explore its efficacy for more equitable global agenda setting. We apply the technique to a group of 19 graduate WaSH students – from diverse professional backgrounds and originating from and having worked in all global regions – to gain their insights on future WaSH issues to be included in global targets. This was preceded by preparatory exercises on WaSH progress and influential contextual factors. We thus demonstrate a novel and systematic application of the NGT and discuss its potential to be used in challenging neo-colonial and neo-liberal agenda setting. The results also provide an early assessment of future priorities that could inform post-SDG target setting including: inclusivity among populations and settings, hygiene, menstrual health, sustainability, circular economy, climate resilience, preventing infectious disease transmission, and universal ‘safely managed services’. These are compared with themes highlighted in Joint Monitoring Programme reports, SDG6 indicators and General Comment 15: The Human Right to Water.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42112665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.049
B. Sitotaw, Derebew Teferi, Zinash Wossen, B. Tadesse
In low-income countries like Ethiopia, waterborne illnesses have posed serious public health problems. This study aimed to evaluate drinking water quality (DWQ) and associated factors in Bahir Dar City and the surrounding rural areas in northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2022 to determine coliform counts and basic physicochemical parameters from the drinking water samples (DWS) collected from urban, peri-urban, and rural sites. A total of 180 DWS were collected from water collection points and households' containers. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were also isolated from fecal coliform (FC)-positive samples and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined. Moreover, the risk factors associated with water quality were assessed. The water quality test results were evaluated against the WHO guidelines for DWQ. Based on the results of this study, only 16.7 and 73.88% of samples met the standards for total coliform and FC, respectively. Moreover, 95.4 and 43% of the isolated bacteria were resistant at least to one of the commonly used antibiotics and multidrug-resistant, respectively. Educating the public on proper drinking water handling, appropriate treatment, and waterline maintenance are needed to safeguard the community from waterborne diseases.
{"title":"Drinking water quality and associated factors in Bahir Dar City and the surrounding rural areas, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross sectional study","authors":"B. Sitotaw, Derebew Teferi, Zinash Wossen, B. Tadesse","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In low-income countries like Ethiopia, waterborne illnesses have posed serious public health problems. This study aimed to evaluate drinking water quality (DWQ) and associated factors in Bahir Dar City and the surrounding rural areas in northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2022 to determine coliform counts and basic physicochemical parameters from the drinking water samples (DWS) collected from urban, peri-urban, and rural sites. A total of 180 DWS were collected from water collection points and households' containers. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were also isolated from fecal coliform (FC)-positive samples and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined. Moreover, the risk factors associated with water quality were assessed. The water quality test results were evaluated against the WHO guidelines for DWQ. Based on the results of this study, only 16.7 and 73.88% of samples met the standards for total coliform and FC, respectively. Moreover, 95.4 and 43% of the isolated bacteria were resistant at least to one of the commonly used antibiotics and multidrug-resistant, respectively. Educating the public on proper drinking water handling, appropriate treatment, and waterline maintenance are needed to safeguard the community from waterborne diseases.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43315426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.134
L. Sioné, A. Bastable, Abdullah Ampilan, M. R. Templeton
This paper discusses the implementation of Tiger Worm Toilets (TWTs) as a sustainable alternative to pit latrines in areas with challenging environmental conditions. The study was carried out in Koinadugu, Sierra Leone, where TWTs were installed in 200 households, providing safe sanitation for approximately 1,200 individuals within a 17-month period. The study reveals that TWTs offer several benefits over traditional pit latrines, including higher cost efficiency. Despite some setbacks, TWTs have been well-received by the local communities, resulting in a significant reduction in open defaecation in areas where latrines are not viable. The study presents areas of further research and concludes with recommendations for future TWT designs based on the lessons learned.
{"title":"Lessons learned from a Tiger Worm Toilet implementation project in Sierra Leone","authors":"L. Sioné, A. Bastable, Abdullah Ampilan, M. R. Templeton","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This paper discusses the implementation of Tiger Worm Toilets (TWTs) as a sustainable alternative to pit latrines in areas with challenging environmental conditions. The study was carried out in Koinadugu, Sierra Leone, where TWTs were installed in 200 households, providing safe sanitation for approximately 1,200 individuals within a 17-month period. The study reveals that TWTs offer several benefits over traditional pit latrines, including higher cost efficiency. Despite some setbacks, TWTs have been well-received by the local communities, resulting in a significant reduction in open defaecation in areas where latrines are not viable. The study presents areas of further research and concludes with recommendations for future TWT designs based on the lessons learned.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43944935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.055
Tarek Jaber, Thiaba Fame, Osas Aizeyosabor Agho, B. Van de Walle, J. Bartram, E. Boelee
In 2021, Nigeria witnessed a severe cholera outbreak that affected Borno state, in which more than 1,600,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) resided at the time. This rapid appraisal explored factors that facilitate the recurrence of cholera outbreaks in sites hosting IDPs in Northeast Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), management, and healthcare personnel working in 10 displacement camps in Borno state. The interviews were complemented by transect walks and field observations, measurements of free residual chlorine levels, and publicly available data published by the International Organization for Migration Displacement Tracking Matrix. The recurrence of cholera outbreaks appears to be facilitated by substantial interactions between IDPs and host communities, and suboptimal WASH services in camps. Of particular concern, IDP camps are exposed to extreme weather-related events that damage facilities and subsequently affect WASH practices. WASH services in camps may likewise be severely hindered by an influx of new arrivals. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of expanding WASH activities to host communities and developing site-specific WASH interventions and chlorination targets. Practical recommendations are needed for the prevention and control of outbreaks following extreme weather-related events and population influxes.
{"title":"Environmental, social, and WASH factors affecting the recurrence of cholera outbreaks in displacement camps in northeast Nigeria: a rapid appraisal","authors":"Tarek Jaber, Thiaba Fame, Osas Aizeyosabor Agho, B. Van de Walle, J. Bartram, E. Boelee","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2021, Nigeria witnessed a severe cholera outbreak that affected Borno state, in which more than 1,600,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) resided at the time. This rapid appraisal explored factors that facilitate the recurrence of cholera outbreaks in sites hosting IDPs in Northeast Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), management, and healthcare personnel working in 10 displacement camps in Borno state. The interviews were complemented by transect walks and field observations, measurements of free residual chlorine levels, and publicly available data published by the International Organization for Migration Displacement Tracking Matrix. The recurrence of cholera outbreaks appears to be facilitated by substantial interactions between IDPs and host communities, and suboptimal WASH services in camps. Of particular concern, IDP camps are exposed to extreme weather-related events that damage facilities and subsequently affect WASH practices. WASH services in camps may likewise be severely hindered by an influx of new arrivals. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of expanding WASH activities to host communities and developing site-specific WASH interventions and chlorination targets. Practical recommendations are needed for the prevention and control of outbreaks following extreme weather-related events and population influxes.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.101
{"title":"Corrigendum: Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1 January 2022; 12 (1): 129–140: Factors influencing physicochemical characteristics of faecal sludge in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Chea Eliyan, Björn Vinnerås, Christian Zurbrügg, Thammarat Koottatep, Kok Sothea, Jennifer McConville","authors":"","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44447837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.192
Kamrul Hsan, Mahfuza Mubarak, Tareq Rahman, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Mohammad Sohel Rahman, D. Gozal, Md. Marjad Mir Kameli, N. Awal, M. Hossain
Lack of proper handwashing by healthcare providers hands is the major vector for the spread of nosocomial pathogens in healthcare settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 128 community healthcare providers (CHCPs) in the Kurigram district of Bangladesh to investigate predictors of handwashing before and after clinical care encounters. Data were collected between November and December 2019 via a paper-and-pen based survey using a semi-structured questionnaire. CHCP's pre-care handwashing with soap/antiseptic hand cleaner was predicted by a higher level of education (COR = 7.16, 95% CI 2.39–21.40, p = 0.000 and COR = 9.58, 95% CI 3.28–27.92, p = 0.000, bachelors and masters, respectively), lengthier service (COR = 6.90, 95% CI 1.40–34.17, p = 0.015 and COR = 7.8, 95% CI 1.49–40.98, p = 0.015, 5–8 and >8 years, respectively), and presence of handwashing facility (COR = 4.48, 95% CI 1.34–14.95, p = 0.015). However, post-care handwashing was also associated with a higher level of education (COR = 13.36, 95% CI 1.54–115.63, p = 0.019, masters) and availability of soap (COR = 17.73, 95% CI 5.03–59.73, p = 0.000), as well as by male sex (COR = 3.14, 95% CI 1.01–9.79, p = 0.049). Implementation of an effective training program on hand hygiene in consort with improved access to handwashing stations and adequate supply of soap or antiseptic hand cleaner is required to improve both pre-and post-care clinical encounter handwashing practices among CHCPs.
{"title":"Predictors of pre-and post-care handwashing among community healthcare providers: a cross-sectional survey in Bangladeshi community clinics","authors":"Kamrul Hsan, Mahfuza Mubarak, Tareq Rahman, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Mohammad Sohel Rahman, D. Gozal, Md. Marjad Mir Kameli, N. Awal, M. Hossain","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.192","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lack of proper handwashing by healthcare providers hands is the major vector for the spread of nosocomial pathogens in healthcare settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 128 community healthcare providers (CHCPs) in the Kurigram district of Bangladesh to investigate predictors of handwashing before and after clinical care encounters. Data were collected between November and December 2019 via a paper-and-pen based survey using a semi-structured questionnaire. CHCP's pre-care handwashing with soap/antiseptic hand cleaner was predicted by a higher level of education (COR = 7.16, 95% CI 2.39–21.40, p = 0.000 and COR = 9.58, 95% CI 3.28–27.92, p = 0.000, bachelors and masters, respectively), lengthier service (COR = 6.90, 95% CI 1.40–34.17, p = 0.015 and COR = 7.8, 95% CI 1.49–40.98, p = 0.015, 5–8 and >8 years, respectively), and presence of handwashing facility (COR = 4.48, 95% CI 1.34–14.95, p = 0.015). However, post-care handwashing was also associated with a higher level of education (COR = 13.36, 95% CI 1.54–115.63, p = 0.019, masters) and availability of soap (COR = 17.73, 95% CI 5.03–59.73, p = 0.000), as well as by male sex (COR = 3.14, 95% CI 1.01–9.79, p = 0.049). Implementation of an effective training program on hand hygiene in consort with improved access to handwashing stations and adequate supply of soap or antiseptic hand cleaner is required to improve both pre-and post-care clinical encounter handwashing practices among CHCPs.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45222387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.050
Tities Puspita, I. Dharmayanti, D. H. Tjandrarini, Z. Zahra, Athena Anwar, Joko Irianto, B. Rachmat, A. Yunianto
The availability of safe drinking water remains a challenge in Indonesia. Packaged water in bottles or refillable containers has been increasingly popular as an alternative to good-quality drinking water. This study aimed to identify the reasons for the selection, management, and factors that influenced bottled and refilled water use in Indonesia. A cross-sectional Household Drinking Water Quality (HDWQ) study was conducted in 34 Indonesian provinces in 2020 involving 7,236 households as analyzed samples. The data analysis also included the 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey data to obtain households' socioeconomic status. As many as 68 and 63% of households consumed good-quality bottled and refilled water, respectively. Health was the reason for 29% of households choosing good-quality bottled water, while 49% of households selected good-quality refilled water out of habit. Several factors related to the consumption of fine-quality packaged water were high social status, water physical quality, ease of access, health reason, monthly expenses to buy drinking water, and storing water in manufactured containers. Packaged water, whether bottled or refilled, does not guarantee good physical and chemical quality. Therefore, to ensure good quality, the water storage should be kept from contamination.
{"title":"Packaged drinking water in Indonesia: The determinants of household in the selection and management process","authors":"Tities Puspita, I. Dharmayanti, D. H. Tjandrarini, Z. Zahra, Athena Anwar, Joko Irianto, B. Rachmat, A. Yunianto","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The availability of safe drinking water remains a challenge in Indonesia. Packaged water in bottles or refillable containers has been increasingly popular as an alternative to good-quality drinking water. This study aimed to identify the reasons for the selection, management, and factors that influenced bottled and refilled water use in Indonesia. A cross-sectional Household Drinking Water Quality (HDWQ) study was conducted in 34 Indonesian provinces in 2020 involving 7,236 households as analyzed samples. The data analysis also included the 2020 National Socioeconomic Survey data to obtain households' socioeconomic status. As many as 68 and 63% of households consumed good-quality bottled and refilled water, respectively. Health was the reason for 29% of households choosing good-quality bottled water, while 49% of households selected good-quality refilled water out of habit. Several factors related to the consumption of fine-quality packaged water were high social status, water physical quality, ease of access, health reason, monthly expenses to buy drinking water, and storing water in manufactured containers. Packaged water, whether bottled or refilled, does not guarantee good physical and chemical quality. Therefore, to ensure good quality, the water storage should be kept from contamination.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45446509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.001
Jacob C. Eaton, Michelle Bronsard, Mark Radin, Christopher Kaunda, M. Avni, Aditi Krishna, Mary Kincaid
Inadequate menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) pose a great challenge for working women, affecting their productivity, job satisfaction, attendance, and advancement, and also have implications for their employers. Yet there has been little research to quantify the impacts of poor MHH conditions or to consider the value add of workplace MHH programs. As part of USAID's Water Sanitation and Hygiene Partnerships for Learning and Sustainability project, we conducted a social cost–benefit analysis (CBA) of the Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) in the Workplace Action Research, a 10-month intervention in private sector enterprises in Nepal and Kenya. The intervention aimed to determine if providing adequate MHM in the workplace contributes to women's economic empowerment, including improved business and social outcomes. This CBA of a workplace MHM intervention – the first of its kind – found a positive return for investing in workplace MHM programs. The average benefit–cost ratio in the base-case across factories in a 10-month intervention was 1.4, which increased to 2.3 when projected over 24 months. These early results of a pilot CBA on MHM in the workplace should serve as a call for greater attention by governments and businesses to the needs of menstruating women.
{"title":"Building a business case for workplace menstrual hygiene management programs: a social cost–benefit analysis","authors":"Jacob C. Eaton, Michelle Bronsard, Mark Radin, Christopher Kaunda, M. Avni, Aditi Krishna, Mary Kincaid","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inadequate menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) pose a great challenge for working women, affecting their productivity, job satisfaction, attendance, and advancement, and also have implications for their employers. Yet there has been little research to quantify the impacts of poor MHH conditions or to consider the value add of workplace MHH programs. As part of USAID's Water Sanitation and Hygiene Partnerships for Learning and Sustainability project, we conducted a social cost–benefit analysis (CBA) of the Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) in the Workplace Action Research, a 10-month intervention in private sector enterprises in Nepal and Kenya. The intervention aimed to determine if providing adequate MHM in the workplace contributes to women's economic empowerment, including improved business and social outcomes. This CBA of a workplace MHM intervention – the first of its kind – found a positive return for investing in workplace MHM programs. The average benefit–cost ratio in the base-case across factories in a 10-month intervention was 1.4, which increased to 2.3 when projected over 24 months. These early results of a pilot CBA on MHM in the workplace should serve as a call for greater attention by governments and businesses to the needs of menstruating women.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47385702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2023.184
B. Bellanthudawa, S. Udayanga, Poornima Rajapaksha, N. Nawalage, R. Senanayake, S. Meegalla, Jayasuriya Mudiyanselage Saumya Niroshani Jayasuriya, K. Kumara
Improving public restroom facilities in urban areas can contribute to ensuring the overall living standards of the urban populace. Access to improved sanitation and hygiene is also considered a fundamental human right. Therefore, the present study aims to understand public perceptions of urban public restroom use based on a case study conducted in the municipality of Kegalle township in Sri Lanka. This included a questionnaire survey (N = 115) and in-depth interviews (N = 5). The analysis indicates the urgent need for adequate, accessible, and good-quality sanitary services, particularly in densely populated urban areas of the country. More than 70% of people (from N = 115) indicate that public restrooms are not of good quality due to certain reasons such as poor maintenance and uncleanliness. Despite the insalubrity of public restrooms, many respondents have used them, indicating an urgent policy intervention in operating, and properly maintaining public restrooms in densely populated urban areas of the country. A significant number of respondents indicated that the quality of public restrooms is extremely poor (39%) or poor (31.1%). Around 86.9% of respondents are not satisfied with existing public restrooms, thus, 71.4% believe in reconstructing new public restrooms that pave the way for ensuring access, affordability, quality, and safety.
{"title":"The public perceptions of urban sanitation infrastructure: a cross-sectional study in Kegalle township in Sri Lanka","authors":"B. Bellanthudawa, S. Udayanga, Poornima Rajapaksha, N. Nawalage, R. Senanayake, S. Meegalla, Jayasuriya Mudiyanselage Saumya Niroshani Jayasuriya, K. Kumara","doi":"10.2166/washdev.2023.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Improving public restroom facilities in urban areas can contribute to ensuring the overall living standards of the urban populace. Access to improved sanitation and hygiene is also considered a fundamental human right. Therefore, the present study aims to understand public perceptions of urban public restroom use based on a case study conducted in the municipality of Kegalle township in Sri Lanka. This included a questionnaire survey (N = 115) and in-depth interviews (N = 5). The analysis indicates the urgent need for adequate, accessible, and good-quality sanitary services, particularly in densely populated urban areas of the country. More than 70% of people (from N = 115) indicate that public restrooms are not of good quality due to certain reasons such as poor maintenance and uncleanliness. Despite the insalubrity of public restrooms, many respondents have used them, indicating an urgent policy intervention in operating, and properly maintaining public restrooms in densely populated urban areas of the country. A significant number of respondents indicated that the quality of public restrooms is extremely poor (39%) or poor (31.1%). Around 86.9% of respondents are not satisfied with existing public restrooms, thus, 71.4% believe in reconstructing new public restrooms that pave the way for ensuring access, affordability, quality, and safety.","PeriodicalId":48893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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