Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Social profiles among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Evidence from the ABCD study 青少年注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的社会概况：来自ABCD研究的证据

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101591

Rosario Pintos Lobo , Julio A. Peraza , Taylor Salo , Alan Meca , Donisha D. Smith , Kathleen E. Feeney , Katherine M. Schmarder , Matthew T. Sutherland , Raul Gonzalez , Erica D. Musser , Angela R. Laird

Social functioning difficulties among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been examined behaviorally; however, limited research has investigated brain networks associated with social difficulties among youth with ADHD. A growing body of literature supports the utility of the NIMH’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, which emphasizes broad neurobiological based dimensions, allowing for the integration of models of both neural circuitry and behavior when examining externalizing behaviors in youth. We hypothesized that an ADHD classification system based on social functioning would better predict real-world psychosocial and academic outcomes compared to traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) nosology of ADHD presentations. First, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we identified four distinct profiles of youth with ADHD ranging from low social functioning to high social functioning. These social-data-derived profiles were linked to differential social challenges associated with caregiver income and mental health disorders. Next, our neuroimaging findings initially revealed differential patterns of functional connectivity across profiles involving attention-control, cingulo-opercular, sensorimotor networks. However, these connectivity differences were not consistently replicated, indicating that social functioning alone may not define neurobiologically distinct subgroups. Finally, in comparing our social functioning profiles to existing DSM-5 nosology with respect to real-world psychosocial outcomes, our social profiles demonstrated greater explanatory power for outcomes related to peer relationships, family conflict, and mental health. Overall, these findings emphasize the heterogeneity in social functioning among ADHD youth and suggest that while behavioral profiles are clinically meaningful, future work should integrate additional dimensions, such as executive functioning, to more precisely capture the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD.

青少年注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的社会功能障碍已被检查行为；然而，有限的研究调查了与多动症青少年社交困难相关的大脑网络。越来越多的文献支持NIMH研究领域标准（RDoC）框架的实用性，该框架强调广泛的神经生物学基础维度，允许在检查青少年外化行为时将神经回路和行为模型整合起来。我们假设，与传统的精神疾病诊断与统计手册（DSM-5） ADHD分类学相比，基于社会功能的ADHD分类系统可以更好地预测现实世界的社会心理和学业结果。首先，利用青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的数据，我们确定了从低社会功能到高社会功能的四种不同的ADHD青少年特征。这些来自社会数据的档案与照顾者收入和精神健康障碍相关的不同社会挑战有关。接下来，我们的神经影像学发现最初揭示了不同的功能连接模式，包括注意控制、扣谷-眼、感觉运动网络。然而，这些连通性差异并没有被一致地复制，这表明社会功能本身可能无法定义神经生物学上不同的亚群。最后，在将我们的社会功能概况与现有的DSM-5关于现实社会心理结果的分类学进行比较时，我们的社会功能概况对与同伴关系、家庭冲突和心理健康相关的结果显示出更强的解释力。总的来说，这些发现强调了ADHD青少年社会功能的异质性，并表明虽然行为特征在临床上有意义，但未来的工作应该整合其他维度，如执行功能，以更准确地捕捉ADHD的神经生物学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental differences in social information use under uncertainty: A neurocomputational approach 不确定性下社会信息使用的发展差异：神经计算方法

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101604

Lieke Hofmans , Wouter van den Bos

Adolescence is a period of social re-orientation, with studies suggesting that adolescents may be more sensitive to peer influence than other age groups. A clearer understanding of the dynamics and development of peer influence during adolescence is therefore particularly pertinent. In this study, we compared the cognitive and neural processes underlying social learning in adolescents (12–18 years) and adults (22–45 years), focusing on how uncertainty influences social information use. Participants completed a perceptual decision-making task in which they could revise their initial estimate after viewing a peer's estimate. Uncertainty was manipulated by varying the amount of information provided before their decision and by manipulating the peer's reported confidence. Using a combination of model-free analyses and a Bayesian computational model, we found that while adolescents and adults exhibit similar core decision-making mechanisms, computational modeling revealed that adolescents were less sensitive to variations in their own certainty and peer confidence, reducing the effect on social information use. Functional MRI revealed that adolescents showed a reduced neural response to peer confidence variations compared to adults, but exhibited a stronger initial neural response to variations in their own certainty. However, this heightened response was not present anymore when personal and peer information was to be combined. We discuss how these observations might be explained by ongoing neural development during adolescence, leading to reduced metacognitive abilities which hinder the effective integration of precision signals. Together, these findings deepen our understanding of how adolescents process social information under uncertainty and how this process evolves with age.

青春期是一个重新定位社会的时期，研究表明，青少年可能比其他年龄组对同伴的影响更敏感。因此，更清楚地了解青少年时期同伴影响的动态和发展尤为重要。在这项研究中，我们比较了青少年（12-18岁）和成年人（22-45岁）社会学习的认知和神经过程，重点关注不确定性如何影响社会信息的使用。参与者完成了一个感知决策任务，在这个任务中，他们可以在看到同伴的估计后修改自己的初步估计。不确定性是通过改变决策前提供的信息量和操纵同伴报告的信心来操纵的。结合无模型分析和贝叶斯计算模型，我们发现，尽管青少年和成年人表现出相似的核心决策机制，但计算模型显示，青少年对自身确定性和同伴信心的变化不太敏感，从而降低了对社会信息使用的影响。功能性核磁共振显示，与成年人相比，青少年对同伴信心变化的神经反应较弱，但对自己信心变化的神经反应较强。然而，当个人信息和同伴信息结合在一起时，这种强烈的反应就不存在了。我们讨论了这些观察结果是如何通过青春期持续的神经发育来解释的，这导致了元认知能力的降低，从而阻碍了精确信号的有效整合。总之，这些发现加深了我们对青少年在不确定性下如何处理社会信息以及这一过程如何随着年龄的增长而演变的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Feeling left out in the Lunchroom: Neural mechanisms of ostracism vary across adolescence 感觉被遗忘在午餐室：在青春期，被排斥的神经机制各不相同

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101607

Cailee M. Nelson , Rebecca Revilla , Nicole R. Friedman , Mengya Xia , Caitlin M. Hudac

Ostracism (i.e., being ignored/excluded) can cause intense emotional reactions that detrimentally impact mental and physical health. Adolescents may be particularly susceptible to these negative consequences due to brain maturation and changing social priorities. To better understand how neural mechanisms of ostracism vary across development (i.e., age, puberty), the current study employed a pictorial adaptation of Hudac’s (2019) Lunchroom electroencephalography (EEG) task in a sample of 84 adolescents (aged 10–14 years). Results indicated unique effects across event-related potential amplitudes, including a reversed pattern (greater sensitivity to inclusion) for the P1, the “classic” ostracism effect (greater sensitivity to exclusion) for the N2, and classic effects when modulated by puberty for the P3. Source estimation identified different neural networks that were likely driving sensitivity to exclusion (e.g., amygdala, SCG, and IFG) or inclusion (e.g., ACC, cingulate, fusiform, insula, SPL, STG). Further, sensitivity to exclusion increased over pubertal development for P3 amplitude but over age for amygdala and IFG. Sensitivity to inclusion decreased over age for P1 amplitude and inclusion sensitive regions. The current study emphasizes the utility of using paradigms that isolate neural processes associated with ostracism while controlling for participant involvement.

排斥（即被忽视/排斥）会引起强烈的情绪反应，对身心健康产生有害影响。由于大脑成熟和社会优先事项的变化，青少年可能特别容易受到这些负面后果的影响。为了更好地理解排斥的神经机制在不同的发育阶段（即年龄、青春期）是如何变化的，目前的研究在84名青少年（10-14岁）的样本中采用了Hudac（2019）的午餐室脑电图（EEG）任务的图片改编。结果表明，在事件相关电位振幅中存在独特的效应，包括P1的反向模式（对包含更敏感），N2的“经典”排斥效应（对排斥更敏感），P3的经典效应受青春期调节。源估计确定了不同的神经网络，这些神经网络可能驱动对排除（例如，杏仁核，SCG和IFG）或包含（例如，ACC，扣带回，梭状回，岛，SPL， STG）的敏感性。此外，P3振幅的排除敏感性随着青春期的发展而增加，而杏仁核和IFG的排除敏感性随着年龄的增长而增加。随着年龄的增长，P1振幅和包裹体敏感区域对包裹体的敏感性降低。目前的研究强调使用范例的效用，这些范例分离与排斥相关的神经过程，同时控制参与者的参与。

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引用次数: 0

The role of peer relationship on children's creativity during cooperative and competitive interactions: An fNIRS-based hyperscanning study 合作与竞争互动中同伴关系对儿童创造力的影响：基于fnir的超扫描研究

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101592

Shujin Zhou , Yuxuan Zhang , Mingming Zhang , Dan Li

Children are at a critical stage of development for cultivating creativity and are highly sensitive to the influence of peers. This study investigated the impact of peer relationships on children's creativity during both cooperative and competitive interactions, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning techniques. A total of 66 children, including 18 familiar dyads and 15 stranger dyads, were recruited to participate in the cooperative and competitive tangram puzzle tasks. The results showed that familiar dyads demonstrated higher originality and lower appropriateness in cooperative tasks compared to stranger dyads. fNIRS data revealed distinct task-specific neural coupling patterns in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) contingent upon peer relationship: familiar dyads exhibited enhanced inter-brain synchronization (IBS) during cooperative tasks, while stranger dyads demonstrated stronger neural alignment during competitive interactions. Additionally, positive feedback during cooperative interactions in familiar dyads was significantly correlated with increased IBS in the IFG. These findings underscore the advantages of familiar peer relationships in fostering cooperative creativity and the benefits of strange relationships in enhancing competitive performance. This study highlights the importance of considering relational and contextual factors in fostering children’s creative potential.

儿童正处于培养创造力的关键发展阶段，对同龄人的影响非常敏感。本研究利用基于功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）的超扫描技术，研究了同伴关系对儿童在合作和竞争互动中创造力的影响。共招募了66名儿童，其中包括18名熟悉的双人组和15名陌生的双人组，参与合作和竞争的七巧板拼图任务。结果表明，熟悉的二人组在合作任务中表现出更高的独创性和更低的适当性。fNIRS数据揭示了同伴关系下额下回（IFG）中不同的任务特异性神经耦合模式：熟悉的二对在合作任务中表现出增强的脑间同步（IBS），而陌生的二对在竞争互动中表现出更强的神经校准。此外，在熟悉的二人组中，合作互动中的正反馈与IFG中IBS的增加显著相关。这些发现强调了熟悉的同伴关系在培养合作创造力方面的优势，以及陌生关系在提高竞争绩效方面的好处。本研究强调了在培养儿童创造潜能时考虑关系因素和情境因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental changes in dopamine-related neurophysiology and associations with adolescent substance use and incentive-boosted cognitive control 多巴胺相关神经生理学的发育变化及其与青少年物质使用和激励促进的认知控制的关联

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101594

Jessica S. Flannery , Ashley C. Parr , Kristen A. Lindquist , Eva H. Telzer

When substance use begins during adolescence, it is associated with a greater long-term vulnerability to substance use disorders. Developmental changes in dopaminergic functioning may be involved in substance use initiation and escalation during adolescence. We thus used estimates of tissue iron as a noninvasive, indirect measure of dopamine-related neurophysiology to examine associations between basal ganglia tissue iron development, substance use, and incentive-boosted cognitive control in a longitudinal neuroimaging study. Adolescent participants (N = 168; 51.8 % female) underwent an fMRI scan up to four times across 6th to 11th grade (age range: 11.9–18.6 years old) resulting in 469 fMRI timepoints. Time-averaged and normalized T2*-weighted indices were extracted from basal ganglia subregions at each timepoint. Participants self-reported their past year substance use at each timepoint and completed an incentivized cognitive control task at the final time point (n = 76). In confirmation of prior studies, we show developmental increases in tissue iron at the group level. Adolescents who reported substance use showed attenuated age-related increases in tissue iron in comparison to non-users. Additionally, larger incentive-related modulation of cognitive control was associated with lower iron accumulation across adolescence, although tissue iron was not significantly associated with incentive-related changes in brain activity. Overall, findings suggest that adolescents with diminished age-related increases in basal ganglia tissue iron may have a greater propensity toward substance use. These same individuals may also require greater incentive-driven motivation to reach the same cognitive control performance as their peers. These findings suggest a potential developmental neurophysiological phenotype underlying different incentive-driven behaviors during adolescence.

当青少年开始使用物质时，它与物质使用障碍的更大长期脆弱性有关。青春期多巴胺能功能的发育变化可能与物质使用的开始和升级有关。因此，在纵向神经影像学研究中，我们使用组织铁作为多巴胺相关神经生理学的非侵入性间接测量来检测基底节区组织铁发育、物质使用和激励促进的认知控制之间的关系。青少年被试(N = 168；51.8 %女性)在6年级到11年级（年龄范围：11.9-18.6岁）接受了多达4次的功能磁共振成像扫描，得到469个功能磁共振成像时间点。在每个时间点提取基底节区的时间平均和归一化T2*加权指数。参与者在每个时间点自我报告他们过去一年的物质使用情况，并在最后时间点完成一项激励认知控制任务（n = 76）。在证实先前的研究中，我们显示组织铁在群体水平上的发育增加。报告使用药物的青少年与不使用药物的青少年相比，组织铁的年龄相关性增加减弱。此外，尽管组织铁与大脑活动的激励相关变化没有显著关联，但认知控制中与激励相关的较大调节与青春期期间较低的铁积累有关。总的来说，研究结果表明，与年龄相关的基底节区组织铁增加减少的青少年可能有更大的物质使用倾向。这些人也可能需要更多的激励驱动的动机来达到与同龄人相同的认知控制表现。这些发现表明，青春期不同的激励驱动行为背后存在潜在的发育神经生理表型。

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引用次数: 0

High-field fMRI at 7 Tesla reveals topographic responses tuned to number in the developing human brain 7特斯拉的高场功能磁共振成像显示了发育中的人脑对数字的地形反应

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101598

Ga-Ram Jeong , Joram Soch , Robert Trampel , Andreas Nieder , Michael A. Skeide

In the adult brain, hemodynamic responses to visually presented numerosities reveal receptive field-like tuning curves in topographically organized maps across association cortices. It is currently unknown whether such tuned topographic responses to numerosities can also be detected in the developing brain. Here we conducted a 7 Tesla fMRI experiment in which we presented a large set of visual dot displays to children and adults. We found that developing hemodynamic responses indeed already revealed logarithmic Gaussian tuning to quantitative information in children. Remarkably, tuning models explained comparable amounts of variance in children and adults. In most subjects, six bilateral cortical maps consistently exhibited topographic responses to numerosities. The present study goes beyond previous work by uncovering a population code for quantity detection in individual developing human brains. Our work lays a foundation for a model-based neuroimaging approach to individual cognitive differences in the context of developmental dyscalculia and mathematical giftedness.

在成人大脑中，对视觉呈现的数字的血流动力学反应揭示了在跨联合皮层的地形组织图中感受野样调谐曲线。目前尚不清楚这种对数字的调谐地形反应是否也能在发育中的大脑中被检测到。在这里，我们进行了一个7特斯拉的功能磁共振成像实验，我们向儿童和成人展示了大量的视觉点显示。我们发现，发展血流动力学反应确实已经揭示了对数高斯调谐定量信息在儿童。值得注意的是，调整模型解释了儿童和成人之间相当数量的差异。在大多数受试者中，6个双侧皮质图一致表现出对数字的地形反应。目前的研究超越了以前的工作，发现了个体发育中的人类大脑中数量检测的种群代码。我们的工作为基于模型的神经成像方法在发育性计算障碍和数学天赋的背景下的个体认知差异奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Missing data approaches for longitudinal neuroimaging research: Examples from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® 纵向神经影像学研究的缺失数据方法：来自青少年大脑和认知发展（ABCD）研究的例子

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101563

Lin Li , Mohammadreza Bayat , Timothy B. Hayes , Wesley K. Thompson , Michael C. Neale , Arianna M. Gard , Anthony Steven Dick

This paper addresses the challenges of managing missing values within expansive longitudinal neuroimaging datasets, using the specific example of data derived from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD)

{Study}^{®}

. The conventional listwise deletion method, while widely used, is not recommended due to the risk that substantial bias can potentially be introduced with this method. Unfortunately, recommended alternative practices can be challenging to implement with large datasets. In this paper, we advocate for the adoption of more sophisticated statistical methodologies, including multiple imputation, propensity score weighting, and full information maximum likelihood (FIML). Through practical examples and code using ABCD

{Study}^{®}

data, we illustrate some of the benefits and challenges of these methods, with a review of how these advanced methodologies bolster the robustness of analyses and contribute to the integrity of research findings in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience.

本文利用来自青少年大脑和认知发展（ABCD）研究®的具体数据示例，解决了在广泛的纵向神经成像数据集中管理缺失值的挑战。传统的列表删除法虽然被广泛使用，但由于该方法有可能引入大量偏倚的风险，因此不推荐使用。不幸的是，对于大型数据集，推荐的替代实践可能具有挑战性。在本文中，我们提倡采用更复杂的统计方法，包括多重imputation，倾向得分加权和全信息最大似然（FIML）。通过使用ABCD Study®数据的实际示例和代码，我们说明了这些方法的一些好处和挑战，并回顾了这些先进的方法如何增强分析的稳健性，并有助于发展认知神经科学领域研究成果的完整性。

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引用次数: 0

Parental substance use history density and its influence on reward anticipation brain activation in late childhood and early adolescence 父母物质使用史密度及其对儿童晚期和青少年早期奖赏预期脑激活的影响

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101572

Gabriella Y. Navarro-Love , Elizabeth A. Stinson , Ryan M. Sullivan , Krista M. Lisdahl

Parental history of problematic substance use (PH) increases the risk for early adolescent substance use (SU), potentially due to premorbid differences in reward-processing brain regions (e.g., striatum). However, no studies have prospectively examined the separate contributions of parental history of alcohol (PHA) and drug (PHD) use or the impact of PH density (PH⁰, PH¹, PH²) on reward processing in preadolescents. This study analyzed data from 10,235 participants (ages 9–14) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study^SM (ABCD). Reward processing was assessed using the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MID) at baseline and two-year follow-up. Regions of interest included bilateral striatal activation elicited by neutral vs. anticipation of large rewards. Linear mixed-effect models evaluated PH, PHA, PHD, and PH density on ROI activation, controlling for relevant covariates. Results showed that youth with PHA¹ had greater nucleus accumbens activation during reward anticipation than those with no history (PHA⁰), but no significant differences were found between PHA² and PHA¹ or PHA² and PHA⁰. PHD and PH were not significantly associated with BOLD activation in striatal regions, nor were there changes over time. These findings highlight the need to consider both PH and environmental factors when assessing neurodevelopmental risk for early substance use.

父母有问题物质使用史（PH）会增加青少年早期物质使用（SU）的风险，这可能是由于发病前大脑奖励处理区域（如纹状体）的差异。然而，目前还没有研究前瞻性地考察父母酒精（PHA）和药物（PHD）使用史或PH密度（PH0, PH1, PH2）对青春期前奖励加工的影响。这项研究分析了青少年大脑认知发展研究（ABCD）中10235名参与者（9-14岁）的数据。在基线和两年的随访中，使用货币激励延迟任务（MID）评估奖励处理。感兴趣的区域包括双侧纹状体激活，由中性和预期的大奖励引起。线性混合效应模型评估了PH、PHA、PHD和PH密度对ROI激活的影响，控制了相关协变量。结果显示，有PHA1的青年比没有PHA0的青年在奖赏预期时伏隔核的激活更大，但PHA2与PHA1或PHA2与PHA0之间没有显著差异。PHD和PH与纹状体区域的BOLD激活没有显著相关，也没有随时间的变化。这些发现强调，在评估早期药物使用的神经发育风险时，需要考虑PH和环境因素。

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引用次数: 0

Fetal functional connectivity: Examining the role of prenatal maternal depression symptoms using graph theory 胎儿功能连通性：使用图论检查产前母亲抑郁症状的作用

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101585

Ellyn Reed , Lanxin Ji , Marjorie Beeghly , Amyn Majbri , Tanya Bhatia , Mark Duffy , Iris Menu , Christopher Trentacosta , Moriah E. Thomason

Altered fetal brain function is proposed as a mechanism underlying the relationship between prenatal maternal depression (PMD) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. This study investigated the association between PMD symptoms and fetal brain functional connectivity (FC) using graph theory. A total of 123 pregnant women participated in the study, completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and underwent fetal MRI scans. Results revealed a significant relationship between elevated PMD symptoms and reduced global efficiency in the right insular region of the fetal brain. However, because fetal age was not associated with local or global efficiency in the insular brain region, we cannot determine if the PMD-related reduction in insula global efficiency is indicative of an accelerated or delayed developmental pattern. This study is one of the few to examine fetal brain connectivity in relation to prenatal maternal depression, providing valuable insights into early neurodevelopmental risks and potential targets for early intervention.

胎儿脑功能改变被认为是产前母亲抑郁（PMD）与后代神经发育结果之间关系的潜在机制。本研究运用图论探讨经前抑郁症状与胎儿脑功能连接（FC）的关系。共有123名孕妇参与了这项研究，完成了流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D），并接受了胎儿核磁共振扫描。结果显示，PMD症状升高与胎儿大脑右岛区整体效率降低之间存在显著关系。然而，由于胎儿年龄与岛脑区域的局部或整体效率无关，我们无法确定pmd相关的岛脑整体效率降低是否表明发育模式加速或延迟。这项研究是为数不多的研究胎儿大脑连接与产前母亲抑郁症相关的研究之一，为早期神经发育风险和早期干预的潜在目标提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Statistical learning of orthography-semantics regularities: A developmental neurophysiological study 正字法语义规律的统计学习：一项发育神经生理学研究

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101576

Rujun Duan , Wenyuan Zhao , Shelley Xiuli Tong , Xiuhong Tong

Combining event-related potential (ERP) with an artificial orthography learning paradigm, this study examined how 7–11-year-old Chinese children from first to fifth grade implicitly acquired orthography-semantics regularities of artificial characters. We manipulated the semantic consistency levels of radicals embedded in artificial characters at high (100 %), moderate (80 %), and low (60 %). The behavioral results indicated that 8-year-olds in the second grade were able to acquire regularities of semantic radicals within a sequence of artificial characters. The ERP results revealed a N170-P300-N400 pattern. The N170 component in the occipitotemporal area indicated orthographic identification during the early stages of learning, while the P300 and N400 components reflected attentional allocation and semantic activation during the later stages of statistical learning of orthography-semantics connections. The interactions between neural activation of statistical learning and grade suggest a significant developmental change in 7-11-year-old children. These findings support the multi-component model of statistical learning and the age-related hypothesis.

结合事件相关电位（ERP）和人工正字法学习范式，研究了7 - 11岁中国一至五年级儿童人工汉字的正字法语义规则内隐习得情况。我们将人工汉字中嵌入的词根的语义一致性水平控制在高（100 %）、中等（80 %）和低（60 %）。行为结果表明，8岁的二年级儿童能够习得人工汉字序列中语义词根的规律。ERP结果显示N170-P300-N400模式。枕颞区的N170成分反映了早期正字法识别，而P300和N400成分反映了后期正字法-语义连接统计学习的注意分配和语义激活。7-11岁儿童统计学习的神经激活与年级之间的相互作用显示了显著的发展变化。这些发现支持了统计学习的多成分模型和年龄相关假说。

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