Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Psychiatric neuroimaging at a crossroads: Insights from psychiatric genetics 处于十字路口的精神科神经影像学：精神病遗传学的启示

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101443

Lorenza Dall’Aglio , Saúl Urbina Johanson , Travis Mallard , Sander Lamballais , Scott Delaney , Jordan W. Smoller , Ryan L. Muetzel , Henning Tiemeier

Thanks to methodological advances, large-scale data collections, and longitudinal designs, psychiatric neuroimaging is better equipped than ever to identify the neurobiological underpinnings of youth mental health problems. However, the complexity of such endeavors has become increasingly evident, as the field has been confronted by limited clinical relevance, inconsistent results, and small effect sizes. Some of these challenges parallel those historically encountered by psychiatric genetics. In past genetic research, robust findings were historically undermined by oversimplified biological hypotheses, mistaken assumptions about expectable effect sizes, replication problems, confounding by population structure, and shared biological patterns across disorders. Overcoming these challenges has contributed to current successes in the field. Drawing parallels across psychiatric genetics and neuroimaging, we identify key shared challenges as well as pinpoint relevant insights that could be gained in psychiatric neuroimaging from the transition that occurred from the candidate gene to (post) genome-wide “eras” of psychiatric genetics. Finally, we discuss the prominent developmental component of psychiatric neuroimaging and how that might be informed by epidemiological and omics approaches. The evolution of psychiatric genetic research offers valuable insights that may expedite the resolution of key challenges in psychiatric neuroimaging, thus potentially moving our understanding of psychiatric pathophysiology forward.

得益于方法学的进步、大规模数据收集和纵向设计，精神科神经影像学比以往任何时候都更有能力确定青少年心理健康问题的神经生物学基础。然而，这项工作的复杂性也日益明显，因为该领域一直面临着临床相关性有限、结果不一致以及效应大小较小等问题。其中一些挑战与精神病遗传学在历史上遇到的挑战相似。在过去的遗传学研究中，过于简化的生物学假说、对预期效应大小的错误假设、复制问题、群体结构的混淆以及不同疾病之间共同的生物学模式，都曾削弱过可靠的研究结果。克服这些挑战有助于该领域目前取得的成功。通过对精神遗传学和神经影像学的比较，我们确定了共同面临的主要挑战，并指出了精神神经影像学从候选基因到（后）全基因组的 "时代 "转变过程中可以获得的相关启示。最后，我们还讨论了精神科神经影像学中突出的发育成分，以及流行病学和全微观方法如何为其提供信息。精神科遗传学研究的发展提供了宝贵的见解，可能会加快解决精神科神经影像学的关键难题，从而有可能推动我们对精神科病理生理学的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying brain development in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study: The magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy protocol 量化 HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) 研究中的大脑发育情况：磁共振成像和光谱分析方案

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101452

Douglas C. Dean III , M Dylan Tisdall , Jessica L. Wisnowski , Eric Feczko , Borjan Gagoski , Andrew L. Alexander , Richard A.E. Edden , Wei Gao , Timothy J. Hendrickson , Brittany R. Howell , Hao Huang , Kathryn L. Humphreys , Tracy Riggins , Chad M. Sylvester , Kimberly B. Weldon , Essa Yacoub , Banu Ahtam , Natacha Beck , Suchandrima Banerjee , Sergiy Boroday , Jed T. Elison

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The acquisition of multimodal magnetic resonance-based brain development data is central to the study’s core protocol. However, application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods in this population is complicated by technical challenges and difficulties of imaging in early life. Overcoming these challenges requires an innovative and harmonized approach, combining age-appropriate acquisition protocols together with specialized pediatric neuroimaging strategies. The HBCD MRI Working Group aimed to establish a core acquisition protocol for all 27 HBCD Study recruitment sites to measure brain structure, function, microstructure, and metabolites. Acquisition parameters of individual modalities have been matched across MRI scanner platforms for harmonized acquisitions and state-of-the-art technologies are employed to enable faster and motion-robust imaging. Here, we provide an overview of the HBCD MRI protocol, including decisions of individual modalities and preliminary data. The result will be an unparalleled resource for examining early neurodevelopment which enables the larger scientific community to assess normative trajectories from birth through childhood and to examine the genetic, biological, and environmental factors that help shape the developing brain.

HEALthy Brain and Child Development（HBCD）研究是一项多站点前瞻性纵向队列研究，将从产前开始并计划到幼儿期对人脑、认知、行为、社交和情感发育进行研究。获取基于多模态磁共振的大脑发育数据是该研究核心方案的核心。然而，在这一人群中应用磁共振成像（MRI）方法面临着技术挑战和生命早期成像的困难。要克服这些挑战，就必须采用创新、协调的方法，将与年龄相适应的采集方案与专门的儿科神经成像策略相结合。HBCD MRI 工作组旨在为所有 27 个 HBCD 研究招募点制定核心采集方案，以测量大脑结构、功能、微观结构和代谢物。为了统一采集，核磁共振扫描仪平台上的各种模式的采集参数都已匹配，并采用了最先进的技术，以实现更快和运动稳定的成像。在此，我们将概述 HBCD MRI 方案，包括各种模式的决策和初步数据。其结果将成为研究早期神经发育的无与伦比的资源，使广大科学界能够评估从出生到童年的正常轨迹，并研究有助于塑造大脑发育的遗传、生物和环境因素。

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引用次数: 0

Maturational changes in frontal EEG alpha and theta activity from infancy into early childhood and the relation with self-regulation in boys and girls 额叶脑电图阿尔法和θ活动从婴儿期到幼儿期的成熟变化以及与男孩和女孩自我调节的关系

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101445

Marissa Hofstee , Joyce Endendijk , Jorg Huijding , Bauke van der Velde , Julie Vidal , Maja Deković

There is increasing interest in examining the development of frontal EEG power in relation to self-regulation in early childhood. However, the majority of previous studies solely focuses on the brain’s alpha rhythm and little is known about the differences between young boys and girls. The aim of the current study was therefore to gain more insight into the neural mechanisms involved in the emergence of self-regulation. The sample consisted of 442 children and data were collected at approximately 5 months, 10 months, and around 3 years of age. Latent growth curve models indicated that,while the neurobiological foundations of self-regulation are established during infancy,it is the maturation of the frontal alpha rhythm that contributes to variations in both observed and parent-reported self-regulation. In addition, it appears that boys might have a greater reliance on external regulation than girls during early childhood, as evident by higher scores of girls on both measures of self-regulation. More insight into the role of external regulators in brain maturation can help to implement interventions aimed at establishing bottom-up self-regulatory skills early in life, in order to provide the necessary foundations for the emergence of top-down self-regulatory skills in the preschool period.

越来越多的人开始关注额叶脑电图与幼儿期自我调节能力相关的发展。然而，以往的研究大多只关注大脑的阿尔法节律，对男孩和女孩之间的差异知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在深入了解自我调节出现的神经机制。样本由 442 名儿童组成，数据收集时间分别为 5 个月、10 个月和 3 岁左右。潜伏生长曲线模型表明，虽然自我调节的神经生物学基础在婴儿期就已建立，但额叶阿尔法节律的成熟才是导致观察到的和家长报告的自我调节出现差异的原因。此外，在幼儿期，男孩似乎比女孩更依赖外部调节，这一点从女孩在自我调节的两项测量中得分更高可以看出。更深入地了解外部调节在大脑成熟过程中的作用，有助于实施干预措施，在生命早期建立自下而上的自我调节技能，从而为学龄前自上而下的自我调节技能的形成奠定必要的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Biospecimens in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study: Rationale and protocol HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) 研究中的生物样本：理由和方案

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101451

Elinor L. Sullivan , Ryan Bogdan , Ludmila Bakhireva , Pat Levitt , Joseph Jones , Michael Sheldon , Julie M. Croff , Moriah Thomason , Jamie O. Lo , Leigh MacIntyre , Susmita Shrivastava , Leigh-Anne Cioffredi , Andrea G. Edlow , Brittany R. Howell , Barbara H. Chaiyachati , Nicole Lashley-Simms , Kelly Molloy , Cris Lam , Anna M. Stoermann , Thanh Trinh , Jenae M. Neiderhiser

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The longitudinal collection of biological samples from over 7000 birthing parents and their children within the HBCD study enables research on pre- and postnatal exposures (e.g., substance use, toxicants, nutrition), and biological processes (e.g., genetics, epigenetic signatures, proteins, metabolites) on neurobehavioral developmental outcomes. The following biosamples are collected from the birthing parent: 1) blood (i.e., whole blood, serum, plasma, buffy coat, and dried blood spots) during pregnancy, 2) nail clippings during pregnancy and one month postpartum, 3) urine during pregnancy, and 4) saliva during pregnancy and at in-person postnatal assessments. The following samples are collected from the child at in-person study assessments: 1) saliva, 2) stool, and 3) urine. Additionally, placenta tissue, cord blood, and cord tissue are collected by a subset of HBCD sites. Here, we describe the rationale for the collection of these biospecimens, their current and potential future uses, the collection protocol, and collection success rates during piloting. This information will assist research teams in the planning of future studies utilizing this collection of biological samples.

HEALthy Brain and Child Development（HBCD）研究是一项多站点前瞻性纵向队列研究，将从产前开始，对人脑、认知、行为、社会和情感发育进行研究，并计划研究到幼儿期。在 HBCD 研究中，对 7000 多名生育父母及其子女的生物样本进行纵向收集，可以研究产前和产后暴露（如药物使用、毒物、营养）以及生物过程（如遗传学、表观遗传学特征、蛋白质、代谢物）对神经行为发育结果的影响。从分娩父母处采集以下生物样本：1）怀孕期间的血液（即全血、血清、血浆、水衣和干血斑）；2）怀孕期间和产后一个月的指甲剪；3）怀孕期间的尿液；4）怀孕期间和产后评估时的唾液。在亲自进行研究评估时，将采集儿童的以下样本：1）唾液；2）粪便；3）尿液。此外，部分 HBCD 检测点还采集胎盘组织、脐带血和脐带组织。在此，我们将介绍收集这些生物样本的理由、其当前和未来的潜在用途、收集方案以及试点期间的收集成功率。这些信息将有助于研究团队规划未来使用这些生物样本的研究。

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引用次数: 0

The development and structure of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study EEG protocol HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) 研究脑电图协议的开发和结构。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101447

Nathan A. Fox , Koraly Pérez-Edgar , Santiago Morales , Natalie H. Brito , Alana M. Campbell , James F. Cavanagh , Laurel Joy Gabard-Durnam , Caitlin M. Hudac , Alexandra P. Key , Linda J. Larson-Prior , Ernest V. Pedapati , Elizabeth S. Norton , Rachel Reetzke , Timothy P. Roberts , Tara M. Rutter , Lisa S. Scott , Lauren C. Shuffrey , Martín Antúnez , Maeve R. Boylan , Bailey M. Garner , Lydia Yoder

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of two brain imaging modalities central to the HBCD Study. EEG records electrical signals from the scalp that reflect electrical brain activity. In addition, the EEG signal can be synchronized to the presentation of discrete stimuli (auditory or visual) to measure specific cognitive processes with excellent temporal precision (e.g., event-related potentials; ERPs). EEG is particularly helpful for the HBCD Study as it can be used with awake, alert infants, and can be acquired continuously across development. The current paper reviews the HBCD Study’s EEG/ERP protocol: (a) the selection and development of the tasks (Video Resting State, Visual Evoked Potential, Auditory Oddball, Face Processing); (b) the implementation of common cross-site acquisition parameters and hardware, site setup, training, and initial piloting; (c) the development of the preprocessing pipelines and creation of derivatives; and (d) the incorporation of equity and inclusion considerations. The paper also provides an overview of the functioning of the EEG Workgroup and the input from members across all steps of protocol development and piloting.

HEALthy Brain and Child Development（HBCD）研究是一项多站点前瞻性纵向队列研究，将从产前开始并计划到幼儿期对人脑、认知、行为、社交和情感发育进行研究。脑电图（EEG）是 HBCD 研究的两种核心脑成像模式之一。脑电图记录来自头皮的电信号，反映大脑的电活动。此外，脑电图信号可与离散刺激（听觉或视觉）的呈现同步，从而以极佳的时间精度测量特定的认知过程（如事件相关电位；ERPs）。脑电图对 HBCD 研究特别有帮助，因为它可用于清醒、警觉的婴儿，并可在整个发育过程中持续采集。本文回顾了 HBCD 研究的脑电图/ERP 协议：(a) 任务（视频静息状态、视觉诱发电位、听觉怪球、面部处理）的选择和开发；(b) 通用跨站点采集参数和硬件的实施、站点设置、培训和初步试点；(c) 预处理管道的开发和衍生工具的创建；(d) 公平性和包容性考虑因素的纳入。本文还概述了脑电图工作组的运作情况，以及工作组成员在协议制定和试点的各个步骤中提供的意见和建议。

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引用次数: 0

The importance of timing of socioeconomic disadvantage throughout development for depressive symptoms and brain structure 在整个成长过程中，处于社会经济不利地位的时间对抑郁症状和大脑结构的重要性。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101449

Lia Ferschmann , Håkon Grydeland , Niamh MacSweeney , Dani Beck , Marieke G.N. Bos , Linn B. Norbom , Eira R. Aksnes , Mona Bekkhus , Alexandra Havdahl , Eveline A. Crone , Tilmann von Soest , Christian K. Tamnes

Prior studies have reported associations between socioeconomic disadvantage, brain structure and mental health outcomes, but the timing of these relations is not well understood. Using prospective longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this preregistered study examined whether socioeconomic disadvantage related differentially to depressive symptoms (n=3012–3530) and cortical and subcortical structures (n=460–733) in emerging adults, depending on the timing of exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage. Family income in early childhood and own income measured concurrently were both significantly related to depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood. Similar results were observed for perceived financial strain. In contrast, only family income in early childhood was associated with brain structure in emerging adulthood, with positive associations with intracranial volume and total and regional cortical surface area. The findings suggest that both objective and subjective aspects of one’s financial standing throughout development relate to depressive symptoms in adulthood, but that specifically early life family income is related to brain structural features in emerging adulthood. This suggests that associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and brain structure originate early in neurodevelopment, highlighting the role of timing of socioeconomic disadvantage.

之前的研究已经报告了社会经济劣势、大脑结构和心理健康结果之间的关系，但对这些关系的发生时间还不甚了解。这项预先登记的研究利用雅芳父母与子女纵向研究（ALSPAC）的前瞻性纵向数据，考察了社会经济劣势是否与新兴成人的抑郁症状（n=3012-3530）以及大脑皮层和皮层下结构（n=460-733）有不同的关系，这取决于接触社会经济劣势的时间。幼儿期的家庭收入和同时测量的自身收入都与成年期的抑郁症状有显著关系。在感知到的经济压力方面也观察到类似的结果。相比之下，只有幼年时期的家庭收入与成年后的大脑结构有关，与颅内容积、皮质总面积和区域皮质面积呈正相关。研究结果表明，一个人在整个成长过程中经济状况的客观和主观方面都与成年后的抑郁症状有关，但特别是幼年时期的家庭收入与成年后的大脑结构特征有关。这表明，社会经济劣势与大脑结构之间的关联起源于神经发育的早期阶段，突出了社会经济劣势的时间选择所起的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Remote data collection of infant activity and sleep patterns via wearable sensors in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD) 在 HEALthy 脑与儿童发育研究（HBCD）中通过可穿戴传感器远程收集婴儿活动和睡眠模式数据

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101446

Nicolò Pini , William P. Fifer , Jinseok Oh , Camille Nebeker , Julie M. Croff , Beth A. Smith , the Novel Technology/Wearable Sensors Working Group

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Wearable and remote sensing technologies have advanced data collection outside of laboratory settings to enable exploring, in more detail, the associations of early experiences with brain development and social and health outcomes. In the HBCD Study, the Novel Technology/Wearable Sensors Working Group (WG-NTW) identified two primary data types to be collected: infant activity (by measuring leg movements) and sleep (by measuring heart rate and leg movements). These wearable technologies allow for remote collection in the natural environment. This paper illustrates the collection of such data via wearable technologies and describes the decision-making framework, which led to the currently deployed study design, data collection protocol, and derivatives, which will be made publicly available. Moreover, considerations regarding actual and potential challenges to adoption and use, data management, privacy, and participant burden were examined. Lastly, the present limitations in the field of wearable sensor data collection and analysis will be discussed in terms of extant validation studies, the difficulties in comparing performance across different devices, and the impact of evolving hardware/software/firmware.

HEALthy Brain and Child Development（HBCD）研究是一项多站点前瞻性纵向队列研究，将从胎儿期开始研究人脑、认知、行为、社会和情感发育，并计划研究整个幼儿期。可穿戴和遥感技术推进了实验室外的数据收集工作，从而能够更详细地探索早期经历与大脑发育以及社会和健康结果之间的关联。在 HBCD 研究中，新型技术/可穿戴传感器工作组（WG-NTW）确定了需要收集的两种主要数据类型：婴儿活动（通过测量腿部运动）和睡眠（通过测量心率和腿部运动）。这些可穿戴技术允许在自然环境中进行远程收集。本文阐述了通过可穿戴技术收集此类数据的方法，并介绍了决策框架，该框架促成了目前部署的研究设计、数据收集协议和衍生产品，这些都将公开发布。此外，本文还研究了在采用和使用、数据管理、隐私和参与者负担方面的实际和潜在挑战。最后，还将从现有的验证研究、比较不同设备性能的困难以及不断发展的硬件/软件/固件的影响等方面讨论可穿戴传感器数据收集和分析领域目前存在的局限性。

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引用次数: 0

A longitudinal study of the relationship between alcohol-related blackouts and attenuated structural brain development 与酒精有关的停电与大脑结构发育减弱之间关系的纵向研究。

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101448

Sara A. Lorkiewicz , Eva M. Müller-Oehring , Fiona C. Baker , Brionne V. Elkins , Tilman Schulte

Purpose

Alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) are common in adolescents and emerging adults. ARBs may also be indicative of persistent, alcohol-related neurocognitive changes. This study explored ARBs as a predictor of altered structural brain development and associated cognitive correlates.

Methods

Longitudinal growth curve modeling estimated trajectories of brain volume across 6 years in participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study (n = 800, 213 with lifetime ARB history). While controlling for demographics and overall alcohol use, ARB history was analyzed as a predictor of brain volume growth in regions associated with alcohol-related cognitive change. Post hoc analyses examined whether ARBs moderated relationships between brain morphology and cognition.

Results

ARBs significantly predicted attenuated development of fusiform gyrus and hippocampal volume at unique timepoints compared to overall alcohol use. Alcohol use without ARBs significantly predicted attenuated fusiform and hippocampal growth at earlier and later timepoints, respectively. Despite altered development in regions associated with memory, ARBs did not significantly moderate relationships between brain volume and cognitive performance.

Conclusion

ARBs and overall alcohol use predicted altered brain development in the fusiform gyrus and hippocampus at different timepoints, suggesting ARBs represent a unique marker of neurocognitive risk in younger drinkers.

目的：酒精相关性昏厥（ARBs）在青少年和新成人中很常见。ARB也可能表明与酒精相关的神经认知发生了持续性变化。本研究将 ARBs 作为大脑结构发育改变和相关认知关联的预测因子进行了探讨：纵向生长曲线模型估计了美国国家青少年酒精与神经发育联合会（NCANDA）研究参与者（n = 800，其中 213 人终生服用 ARB）6 年的脑容量轨迹。在控制人口统计学和总体酒精使用情况的同时，对与酒精相关的认知变化区域的脑容量增长进行了预测分析。事后分析检验了抗逆转录酶抑制剂是否调节了大脑形态与认知之间的关系：结果：与总体饮酒情况相比，ARBs 可明显预测在特定时间点纺锤形回和海马体积的减小。不使用抗逆转录酶抑制剂的酗酒者在较早和较晚的时间点分别会明显预测到纺锤形回和海马体积发育的减弱。尽管与记忆相关区域的发育发生了改变，但ARBs并没有明显缓和脑容量与认知表现之间的关系：结论：ARBs和总体饮酒情况预示着纺锤形回和海马在不同时间点的大脑发育发生了改变，这表明ARBs是年轻饮酒者神经认知风险的独特标志。

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引用次数: 0

Neural processing of speech sounds at premature and term birth: ERPs and MMR between 32 and 42 weeks of gestation 早产儿和足月儿语言声音的神经处理：妊娠 32 至 42 周期间的 ERP 和 MMR

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101444

Josef Urbanec , Kateřina Chládková , Jan Kremláček

Prenatal listening experience reportedly modulates how humans process speech at birth, but little is known about how speech perception develops throughout the perinatal period. The present experiment assessed the neural event-related potentials (ERP) and mismatch responses (MMR) to native vowels in 99 neonates born between 32 and 42 weeks of gestation. The vowels elicited reliable ERPs in newborns whose gestational age at time of experiment was at least 36 weeks and 1 day (36 + 1). The ERPs reflected spectral distinctions between vowel onsets from age 36 weeks + 6 days and durational distinctions at vowel offsets from age 37 weeks + 6 days. Starting at age 40 + 4, there was evidence of neural discrimination of vowel length, indexed by a negative MMR response. The present findings extend our understanding of the earliest stages of speech perception development in that they pinpoint the ages at which the cortex reliably responds to the phonetic characteristics of individual speech sounds and discriminates a native phoneme contrast. The age at which the brain reliably differentiates vowel onsets coincides with what is considered term age in many countries (37 weeks + 0 days of gestational age). Future studies should investigate to what extent the perinatal maturation of the cortical responses to speech sounds is modulated by the ambient language.

据报道，产前听力经验会调节人类在出生时处理语音的方式，但人们对整个围产期语音感知的发展却知之甚少。本实验评估了妊娠 32 至 42 周间出生的 99 名新生儿对母语元音的神经事件相关电位（ERP）和错配反应（MMR）。在实验时胎龄至少为 36 周零 1 天（36 + 1）的新生儿中，元音可引起可靠的 ERP。ERP反映了36周+6天后元音起始点的频谱差异，以及37周+6天后元音偏移点的持续时间差异。从 40+4 周岁开始，有证据表明神经系统对元音长度的辨别，并以负性 MMR 反应为指标。本研究结果扩展了我们对语音感知发展早期阶段的认识，因为它们精确定位了大脑皮层对单个语音的语音特征做出可靠反应并分辨母语音素对比的年龄。大脑能可靠区分元音起音的年龄与许多国家认为的足月年龄（胎龄37周+0天）相吻合。未来的研究应探讨围产期大脑皮层对语音的反应成熟在多大程度上受环境语言的影响。

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引用次数: 0

An introduction to the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD) study HEALthy 脑与儿童发展研究（HBCD）简介

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101441

Charles A. Nelson , Jessica Frankeberger , Christina D. Chambers

The fundamental organization of the human brain is established before birth, with rapid growth continuing over the first postnatal years. Children exposed before or after birth to various biological (e.g., substance exposure) or psychosocial hazards (e.g., maltreatment) are at elevated likelihood of deviating from a typical developmental trajectory, which in turn can be associated with psychological, behavioral, and physical health sequelae. In the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, brain, physical, biological, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development is being examined starting in pregnancy and planned through age 10 (data are sampled at varying degrees of granularity depending on age, with more dense sampling earlier in life). HBCD aims to determine the short- and long-term impacts of a variety of both harmful and protective factors, including prenatal substance use, on developmental trajectories through early childhood. Organized as a nationwide consortium across 27 sites, the HBCD Study will collect multimodal data that will be made publicly available on a yearly basis, through a data use application and approval process. Here we provide an overview of the HBCD Study design, sampling, protocol development, and data management. Data collected through HBCD will be fundamental to informing future prenatal and early childhood interventions and policies to promote wellbeing and resilience in all children.

人类大脑的基本组织结构在出生前就已建立，并在出生后的最初几年里持续快速增长。儿童在出生前或出生后暴露于各种生物（如药物接触）或社会心理危害（如虐待），偏离典型发育轨迹的可能性就会升高，进而与心理、行为和身体健康后遗症相关联。HEALthy Brain and Child Development（HBCD）研究是一项多地点前瞻性纵向队列研究，该研究从孕期开始，计划到 10 岁对大脑、身体、生物、认知、行为、社交和情感发育进行检查（数据采样的粒度因年龄而异，生命早期的采样更为密集）。HBCD 旨在确定各种有害因素和保护因素（包括产前药物使用）对幼儿期发育轨迹的短期和长期影响。HBCD 研究由全国 27 个研究机构组成，将收集多模态数据，并通过数据使用申请和审批程序，每年向公众提供这些数据。在此，我们将概述 HBCD 研究的设计、取样、方案制定和数据管理。通过 HBCD 收集到的数据将为未来的产前和儿童早期干预措施和政策提供基础信息，以促进所有儿童的福祉和适应能力。

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