Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第8页

Neural network topology in children’s deceptive behaviors: The role of cognitive control and reward processing 神经网络拓扑在儿童欺骗行为中的作用：认知控制和奖励加工的作用

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101613

Liwen Yu , Meng Dai , Pei Huang , Birit F.P. Broekman , Michael Meaney , Yap Seng Chong , Marielle Valerie Fortier , Peipei Setoh , Henning Tiemeier , Ai Peng Tan , Xiao Pan Ding

The neural mechanisms related to children’s deceptive behaviors remain relatively unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by using measures of functional brain network topology, focusing on the cognitive control and reward processing networks that are closely related to children’s deceptive behaviors. The study included 113 6-year-old children from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) project, a birth cohort study. Children participated in the Dart Game designed to assess their tendencies to cheat and lie. During the game, children were required to throw the ball at a long-distance dartboard without supervision, which provided opportunities to cheat by breaking the rules. After the game, children were questioned about whether they had followed the rule, which provided them with opportunities to lie. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected from all children at the same age during a different visit. We compared three network topology measures (cognitive control network recruitment, reward processing network recruitment and reward-control network integration) between non-cheaters and cheaters, as well as between non-liars and liars. The results showed that a higher degree of cognitive control network recruitment was associated with a greater likelihood of lying. Moreover, a higher degree of reward-cognitive control network integration was associated with a lower likelihood of cheating and lying. The degree of reward processing network recruitment was not associated with deceptive behaviors. These findings help to elucidate how neural mechanisms of cognitive control and reward processing contribute to deceptive behaviors in young children.

与儿童欺骗行为相关的神经机制尚未得到充分的研究。本研究旨在通过功能脑网络拓扑测量来解决这一空白，重点关注与儿童欺骗行为密切相关的认知控制和奖励处理网络。该研究包括113名来自新加坡健康成长项目（GUSTO）的16岁儿童，这是一项出生队列研究。孩子们参加了旨在评估他们欺骗和撒谎倾向的飞镖游戏。在游戏中，孩子们被要求在没有监督的情况下将球扔向一个远距离的飞镖靶，这就为违反规则作弊提供了机会。游戏结束后，孩子们被问及他们是否遵守了规则，这给了他们撒谎的机会。静息状态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）数据收集自同一年龄的所有儿童在不同的访问期间。我们比较了三种网络拓扑测量（认知控制网络招募、奖励处理网络招募和奖励-控制网络整合）在非撒谎者和撒谎者之间，以及在非撒谎者和撒谎者之间。结果表明，认知控制网络的激活程度越高，说谎的可能性越大。此外，较高程度的奖励-认知控制网络整合与较低的作弊和说谎可能性相关。奖励处理网络招募的程度与欺骗行为无关。这些发现有助于阐明认知控制和奖励加工的神经机制如何影响幼儿的欺骗行为。

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引用次数: 0

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101611

Aislinn Sandre , Sonya V. Troller-Renfree , Melina Amarante , Amanda M. Dettmer , Jerrold S. Meyer , Kimberly G. Noble

The brain develops rapidly during the prenatal period and first two years of life, making it particularly sensitive to environmental influences. Family socioeconomic disadvantage is one environmental factor that may shape the development of brain function in infancy. However, it is unclear how brain function changes across infancy or whether prenatal family socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with age-related differences in brain function during this period. Here, we examine whether resting electroencephalography (EEG) power (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) shows linear and/or non-linear age-related patterns across four assessments from 1 to 18 months of age (N = 165), and whether these patterns are moderated by prenatal family socioeconomic disadvantage. We find that lower-frequency (relative theta) and higher-frequency (relative alpha, beta, and gamma) power show non-linear age-related patterns during the first 18 months of life. Prenatal family socioeconomic disadvantage moderates these patterns, such that infants from lower-income families show less steep age-related decreases in lower-frequency (relative theta) power and less steep increases in higher-frequency (relative beta) power. These associations hold when adjusting for other prenatal and postnatal experiences, as well as infant demographic and health-related factors. These data suggest that lower prenatal family income is associated with age-related differences in brain function during infancy.

大脑在产前和出生后的头两年发育迅速，因此对环境影响特别敏感。家庭社会经济劣势是影响婴儿大脑功能发育的一个环境因素。然而，目前尚不清楚大脑功能在婴儿期是如何变化的，也不清楚产前家庭社会经济劣势是否与这一时期大脑功能的年龄相关差异有关。在这里，我们研究了静息脑电图（EEG）功率（theta, alpha， beta和gamma）是否在1至18个月大的四次评估中显示线性和/或非线性的年龄相关模式（N = 165），以及这些模式是否受到产前家庭社会经济劣势的调节。我们发现，低频（相对θ）和高频（相对α、β和γ）功率在生命的前18个月表现出与年龄相关的非线性模式。产前家庭的社会经济劣势缓和了这些模式，例如，低收入家庭的婴儿在低频（相对θ）功率方面表现出较低的与年龄相关的急剧下降，而在高频（相对β）功率方面表现出较低的急剧增加。在调整了其他产前和产后经历以及婴儿人口统计学和健康相关因素后，这些关联仍然成立。这些数据表明，较低的产前家庭收入与婴儿时期大脑功能的年龄相关差异有关。

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引用次数: 0

Differential microstructural development within sensorimotor cortical regions: A diffusion MRI study in preterm and full-term infants 感觉运动皮质区显微结构发育差异：早产儿和足月婴儿弥散MRI研究

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101610

Alexandra Brandstaetter , Andrea Gondová , Laurie Devisscher , Denis Rivière , Guillaume Auzias , Yann Leprince , Jessica Dubois

The sensorimotor system develops early in utero and supports the emergence of body representations critical for perception, action, and interaction with environment. While somatotopic protomaps are already developed in the primary somatosensory and motor cortices in late pregnancy, little is known about the anatomical substrates of this functional specialization. In this study, we aimed to decipher the microstructural properties of these regions in the developing brain. Using advanced diffusion MRI and post-processing tools, we parcellated the pre- and post-central gyri into microstructurally distinct clusters along the lateral-to-medial axis in 25 full-term neonates, confirming the early differentiation within sensorimotor regions. These clusters were further analyzed in 59 preterm infants scanned at term-equivalent age (TEA, PT_TEA), of which 45 were also scanned near birth (PT_Birth), and compared with another group of 59 full-term neonates. Applying a multivariate Mahalanobis distance approach, we quantified deviations in preterm cortical microstructure relative to the full-term reference. Preterm infants showed significant region- and position-specific deviations at both ages, though these were smaller at TEA (repeated-measures ANCOVA: PT_Birth: region effect F=25.48, position effect F=16.06; PT_TEA: region effect F=14.87, all p < 0.001), consistently with ongoing maturation during the pre-term period. Differences between the pre- and post-central gyri, and along the somatotopic axis, suggested differential vulnerability to prematurity. In particular, compared with somatosensory regions, the motor regions appeared to be at a more advanced stage of maturation close to birth (paired t-test, T = -4.388, p < 0.001) and less vulnerable at TEA (paired t-test, T = -4.169, p < 0.001), suggesting lesser impact of prematurity. An opposite pattern was observed, particularly close to birth, for lateral positions related to mouth representation compared with intermediary (paired t-test: T = 5.933, p < 0.001) and medial (paired t-test: T = 4.712, p < 0.001) positions. These findings support the notion that early sensorimotor cortical specialization is microstructurally emergent during gestation and sensitive to atypical developmental context of preterm birth.

感觉运动系统在子宫早期发育，支持对感知、行动和与环境互动至关重要的身体表征的出现。虽然在妊娠后期初级体感觉和运动皮质中已经形成了体位原图，但对这种功能专门化的解剖学基础知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们的目的是破译这些区域在发育中的大脑的微观结构特性。利用先进的弥散MRI和后处理工具，我们在25个足月新生儿中沿外侧至内侧轴将中央后回和中央前回包裹成微观结构上不同的簇，证实了感觉运动区域的早期分化。这些聚类进一步分析了59例足月年龄扫描的早产儿（TEA， PTTEA），其中45例也在临近出生时扫描（PTBirth），并与另一组59例足月新生儿进行了比较。应用多元马氏距离法，我们量化了早产儿皮层微观结构相对于足月参照的偏差。早产儿在两个年龄段都表现出显著的区域和体位特异性偏差，尽管这些偏差在TEA时较小（重复测量ANCOVA: PTBirth：区域效应F=25.48，体位效应F=16.06； PTTEA：区域效应F=14.87，均p <； 0.001），与早产儿的持续成熟一致。中枢前回和中枢后回之间的差异，以及沿体位轴的差异，表明对早产的不同易感性。特别是，与体感觉区相比，运动区似乎在接近出生时处于更成熟的阶段（配对T检验，T = -4.388,p <； 0.001），并且在TEA时不那么脆弱（配对T检验，T = -4.169,p <； 0.001），表明早产的影响较小。与中间位置（配对T检验：T = 5.933,p <； 0.001）和中间位置（配对T检验：T = 4.712,p <； 0.001）相比，观察到相反的模式，特别是在接近出生时，与嘴巴表征相关的侧位。这些发现支持了早期感觉运动皮层特化在妊娠期间微观结构上出现的观点，并对早产的非典型发育环境敏感。

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引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological activity predicts children's reading ability through orthographic awareness: Evidence from a cross-sectional and longitudinal study 电生理活动通过正字法意识预测儿童阅读能力：来自横断面和纵向研究的证据

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101609

Man Zhang , Zeping Liu , Xuedi Liu , Pengfei Lu , Li Liu , Taomei Guo

The relationship between brain activity and reading acquisition has been a research focus in recent years. In the current cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we aimed to investigate whether and how resting-state (rs) and task-state brain electrophysiological activity would predict children’s reading ability. Here, we tracked 73 primary school children’ orthographic awareness, reading ability, and EEG signals during both rest and completed a Chinese character recognition task over two consecutive years. Our analyses reveled these neurophysiological measures (rs-EEG power in theta/delta bands and N170 amplitude) significantly predicted orthographic awareness in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Mediation analysis revealed that these neurophysiological measures influenced reading ability by affecting children's orthographic awareness. Importantly, age moderated these effects: the predictive effect of rs-EEG power was stronger in younger children and decreased with age, whereas the effect of N170 amplitude showed the opposite pattern, becoming more prominent as age increased. Collectively, these findings indicate that children's reading performance is shaped by age-sensitive brain neurophysiological activity, with orthographic processing potentially serving as a key cognitive mechanism.

大脑活动与阅读习得的关系是近年来研究的热点。在横断面和纵向研究中，我们旨在探讨静息状态和任务状态脑电生理活动是否以及如何预测儿童的阅读能力。在此，我们连续两年追踪73名小学生在休息和完成汉字识别任务时的正字法意识、阅读能力和脑电图信号。我们的分析显示，这些神经生理测量（θ / δ波段的脑电图功率和N170振幅）在横断面和纵向分析中都能显著预测正字法意识。中介分析表明，这些神经生理措施通过影响儿童的正字法意识来影响阅读能力。重要的是，年龄调节了这些影响：rs-EEG功率的预测作用在年龄较小的儿童中更强，随着年龄的增长而下降，而N170振幅的影响则相反，随着年龄的增长而变得更加突出。总的来说，这些发现表明儿童的阅读表现是由年龄敏感的大脑神经生理活动决定的，而正字法处理可能是一个关键的认知机制。

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引用次数: 0

Feeling left out in the Lunchroom: Neural mechanisms of ostracism vary across adolescence 感觉被遗忘在午餐室：在青春期，被排斥的神经机制各不相同

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101607

Cailee M. Nelson , Rebecca Revilla , Nicole R. Friedman , Mengya Xia , Caitlin M. Hudac

Ostracism (i.e., being ignored/excluded) can cause intense emotional reactions that detrimentally impact mental and physical health. Adolescents may be particularly susceptible to these negative consequences due to brain maturation and changing social priorities. To better understand how neural mechanisms of ostracism vary across development (i.e., age, puberty), the current study employed a pictorial adaptation of Hudac’s (2019) Lunchroom electroencephalography (EEG) task in a sample of 84 adolescents (aged 10–14 years). Results indicated unique effects across event-related potential amplitudes, including a reversed pattern (greater sensitivity to inclusion) for the P1, the “classic” ostracism effect (greater sensitivity to exclusion) for the N2, and classic effects when modulated by puberty for the P3. Source estimation identified different neural networks that were likely driving sensitivity to exclusion (e.g., amygdala, SCG, and IFG) or inclusion (e.g., ACC, cingulate, fusiform, insula, SPL, STG). Further, sensitivity to exclusion increased over pubertal development for P3 amplitude but over age for amygdala and IFG. Sensitivity to inclusion decreased over age for P1 amplitude and inclusion sensitive regions. The current study emphasizes the utility of using paradigms that isolate neural processes associated with ostracism while controlling for participant involvement.

排斥（即被忽视/排斥）会引起强烈的情绪反应，对身心健康产生有害影响。由于大脑成熟和社会优先事项的变化，青少年可能特别容易受到这些负面后果的影响。为了更好地理解排斥的神经机制在不同的发育阶段（即年龄、青春期）是如何变化的，目前的研究在84名青少年（10-14岁）的样本中采用了Hudac（2019）的午餐室脑电图（EEG）任务的图片改编。结果表明，在事件相关电位振幅中存在独特的效应，包括P1的反向模式（对包含更敏感），N2的“经典”排斥效应（对排斥更敏感），P3的经典效应受青春期调节。源估计确定了不同的神经网络，这些神经网络可能驱动对排除（例如，杏仁核，SCG和IFG）或包含（例如，ACC，扣带回，梭状回，岛，SPL， STG）的敏感性。此外，P3振幅的排除敏感性随着青春期的发展而增加，而杏仁核和IFG的排除敏感性随着年龄的增长而增加。随着年龄的增长，P1振幅和包裹体敏感区域对包裹体的敏感性降低。目前的研究强调使用范例的效用，这些范例分离与排斥相关的神经过程，同时控制参与者的参与。

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引用次数: 0

Sex-specific relationships between gray matter volume and executive function in young children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure 有或没有产前酒精暴露的幼儿的灰质体积和执行功能之间的性别特异性关系

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101608

Madison Long , Preeti Kar , Nils D. Forkert , Bennett A. Landman , Gerald F. Giesbrecht , Deborah Dewey , W. Ben Gibbard , Christina Tortorelli , Carly A. McMorris , Yuankai Huo , Catherine Lebel

Sex differences in brain volume are well established across ages however, limited research has investigated if sex differences in brain structure associate with early cognitive outcomes. Moreover, associations among sex, brain structure, and cognition in individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the most common known cause of developmental delay in North America, are unclear. Here, we investigated associations between executive function (measured by the BRIEF or BRIEF-P Global Executive Composite (GEC) and the Statue subtest of the NEPSY-II) and volumes of 36 gray matter regions in a longitudinal MRI sample of 169 young children (N_PAE=37; 534 total scans) aged 2–8 years. We found significant three-way interactions between sex, alcohol exposure, and executive function in 22 regions for GEC and 6 regions for Statue. Unexposed males showed negative executive function-volume associations, whereas males with PAE showed opposite associations. Unexposed females showed strong positive executive function-volume associations whereas females with PAE showed weak positive associations. We also evaluated reduced models in regions without significant 3-way interactions and found significant two-way interactions of sex and executive function for the GEC in three regions, and for the Statue in 22 regions. Males showed a negative executive function-volume relationship whereas females showed a positive relationship, regardless of exposure status. Our results suggest that males with PAE and unexposed females show relatively more mature volume-executive function relationships than females with PAE and unexposed males. This study highlights the importance of considering sex in investigations of brain and cognition, especially in populations with PAE.

脑容量的性别差异在各个年龄段都很明显，然而，有限的研究调查了大脑结构的性别差异是否与早期认知结果有关。此外，性别、大脑结构和产前酒精暴露（PAE）个体的认知之间的关系（PAE是北美已知的最常见的发育迟缓原因）尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了执行功能（通过BRIEF或BRIEF- p Global executive Composite （GEC）和nepsyi - ii的Statue子测试测量）与169名2-8岁幼儿（NPAE=37； 534次总扫描）的纵向MRI样本中36个灰质区域的体积之间的关系。我们发现在22个GEC区域和6个Statue区域中，性别、酒精暴露和执行功能之间存在显著的三方相互作用。未暴露的雄性表现出负的执行功能-体积关联，而患有PAE的雄性表现出相反的关联。未暴露的雌性表现出强烈的正相关，而PAE雌性表现出微弱的正相关。我们还评估了没有显著双向交互的区域的简化模型，发现三个区域的GEC和22个区域的Statue的性别和执行功能存在显著的双向交互。无论暴露状态如何，男性的执行功能与容积呈负相关，而女性的执行功能与容积呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明，与PAE和未暴露的雄性相比，PAE和未暴露的雌性表现出相对更成熟的体积-执行功能关系。这项研究强调了在大脑和认知研究中考虑性别的重要性，特别是在PAE人群中。

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引用次数: 0

Safety learning during adolescence facilitates fear regulation in adult mice 青春期的安全学习促进了成年小鼠的恐惧调节

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101606

Heidi C. Meyer

Experiences during sensitive early life developmental periods such as adolescence have a profound influence on brain maturation and long-term affective behavior. While substantial work focuses on early life adversity, emerging evidence suggests that positive affective experiences can also shape trajectories of neurobehavioral development. This study examined how experience with fear conditioning or discriminative conditioning (i.e., safety learning) during either adolescence or adulthood in male and female mice influenced fear behavior and engagement with an anxiogenic environment one month later, when adolescents had aged to adulthood. Prior conditioning (both fear and safety training) at either age, regardless of valence, promoted later fear generalization to a novel cue. In contrast, safety learning during adolescence conferred enduring benefits, leading to reduced fear expression and enhanced extinction memory in adulthood, whereas similar training in adulthood offered limited protective effects. Behavior in the elevated plus maze revealed increased movement in all previously conditioned animals (both Fear-trained and Safety-trained groups), with safety learning decreasing initial freezing in the maze and accelerating initial re-location from the placement arm. Sex differences in this study were modest, showing limited interaction with age and minimal impact on training-related outcomes across experimental phases, suggesting that the effects of conditioning on later affective regulation are robust and broadly conserved across sexes. Overall, these findings highlight adolescence as a sensitive period during which safety learning can shape affective regulation and potentially buffer against later life pathological fear responding. This work offers insight into developmental mechanisms that may inform early interventions for psychiatric conditions like anxiety.

在敏感的早期生命发育时期，如青春期的经历对大脑成熟和长期的情感行为有深远的影响。虽然大量的工作集中在早期生活的逆境，但新出现的证据表明，积极的情感体验也可以塑造神经行为发展的轨迹。这项研究考察了雄性和雌性小鼠在青春期或成年期的恐惧条件反射或歧视性条件反射（即安全学习）的经历如何影响一个月后的恐惧行为和对焦虑环境的参与，当青少年长大成人时。无论在哪个年龄，无论效价如何，先前的条件反射（恐惧和安全训练）都会促进后来对新线索的恐惧泛化。相比之下，青春期的安全学习带来了持久的好处，导致成年后恐惧表达的减少和灭绝记忆的增强，而成年期的类似训练提供的保护作用有限。在高阶加迷宫中的行为显示，所有先前条件训练的动物（包括恐惧训练组和安全训练组）的运动都增加了，安全学习减少了迷宫中最初的冻结，并加速了最初从放置臂重新定位的速度。本研究中的性别差异不大，与年龄的相互作用有限，在实验阶段对训练相关结果的影响最小，这表明条件反射对后期情感调节的影响是强大的，并且在性别中广泛保守。总的来说，这些发现强调了青春期是一个敏感时期，在此期间，安全学习可以形成情感调节，并可能缓冲以后生活中的病理性恐惧反应。这项工作提供了对发育机制的深入了解，可能为焦虑等精神疾病的早期干预提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping early corpus callosum development to identify neurodevelopmental risk 绘制早期胼胝体发育图以识别神经发育风险

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101605

Boyang Mao , Hongxi Zhang , Haitao Wang , Zhi Yang

This study investigated early childhood corpus callosum development, a critical process for cognitive maturation and implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), using sex-specific growth curve models. Structural MRI data from 295 typically developing children (TDC; aged 1–6 years) were used to model age- and sex-dependent changes in ten morphometric parameters, including subregion volumes and midsagittal plane features. Analyses revealed nonlinear developmental trajectories, region-specific growth rates, and earlier developmental peaks in females. We applied these normative models to an independent dataset of 41 TDC and 26 children with ASD, acquired on a different scanner. Classifiers trained on deviations from the growth curves accurately distinguished children with ASD from TDC (mean Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve [AUC] = 0.95), demonstrating model generalizability. These findings establish sex-specific corpus callosum growth curve models as a quantitative, generalizable tool for characterizing typical development and detecting atypical morphometry, offering a promising approach for early, objective ASD diagnosis and potentially facilitating timely intervention. Further study of model generalizability across more diverse populations is warranted.

本研究利用性别特异性生长曲线模型研究了儿童早期胼胝体的发育，这是认知成熟的关键过程，与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）有关。295名典型发育儿童（TDC， 1-6岁）的结构MRI数据用于模拟10个形态计量参数的年龄和性别依赖性变化，包括亚区体积和正中矢状面特征。分析揭示了雌性的非线性发育轨迹、特定区域的生长速率和更早的发育高峰。我们将这些规范模型应用于41名TDC和26名ASD儿童的独立数据集，这些数据集是通过不同的扫描仪获得的。根据生长曲线偏差训练的分类器可以准确区分ASD儿童和TDC儿童（平均受试者工作特征曲线下面积[AUC] = 0.95），证明了模型的可泛化性。这些发现建立了性别特异性胼胝体生长曲线模型，作为表征典型发育和检测非典型形态的定量、可推广的工具，为早期、客观的ASD诊断和可能的及时干预提供了有希望的方法。在更多样化的人群中进一步研究模型的普遍性是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological decoding captures the temporal trajectory of face categorization in infants 电生理解码捕捉婴儿面部分类的时间轨迹

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101601

Roman Kessler, Michael A. Skeide

The adult human brain rapidly distinguishes between faces at around 170 ms after stimulus onset. During early brain development, however, face discrimination is thought to require almost twice as much processing time. To re-examine this long-standing assumption, we presented human and nonhuman primate faces to five to thirteen-month-old infants in an event-related electroencephalography experiment. Using time-resolved decoding based on logistic regression we detected above-chance discrimination of human faces from nonhuman faces in a time window already starting at around 200 ms, originating from occipito-temporal electrodes. There was no evidence, however, for above-chance discrimination of individual human or individual nonhuman faces. These results indicate that rapid face categorization emerges already in preverbal infants.

在刺激开始后，成年人的大脑会在170 毫秒左右迅速区分人脸。然而，在大脑发育的早期，人脸识别被认为需要几乎两倍的处理时间。为了重新检验这个长期存在的假设，我们在一个与事件相关的脑电图实验中向5到13个月大的婴儿展示了人类和非人类灵长类动物的面孔。利用基于逻辑回归的时间分辨解码技术，我们检测到在大约200 ms的时间窗口内，来自枕颞电极的人脸与非人脸的区分高于概率。然而，没有证据表明，个体人类或个体非人类的面孔存在高于机会的歧视。这些结果表明，在学龄前婴儿中已经出现了快速的面部分类。

引用次数: 0

Developmental differences in social information use under uncertainty: A neurocomputational approach 不确定性下社会信息使用的发展差异：神经计算方法

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101604

Lieke Hofmans , Wouter van den Bos

Adolescence is a period of social re-orientation, with studies suggesting that adolescents may be more sensitive to peer influence than other age groups. A clearer understanding of the dynamics and development of peer influence during adolescence is therefore particularly pertinent. In this study, we compared the cognitive and neural processes underlying social learning in adolescents (12–18 years) and adults (22–45 years), focusing on how uncertainty influences social information use. Participants completed a perceptual decision-making task in which they could revise their initial estimate after viewing a peer's estimate. Uncertainty was manipulated by varying the amount of information provided before their decision and by manipulating the peer's reported confidence. Using a combination of model-free analyses and a Bayesian computational model, we found that while adolescents and adults exhibit similar core decision-making mechanisms, computational modeling revealed that adolescents were less sensitive to variations in their own certainty and peer confidence, reducing the effect on social information use. Functional MRI revealed that adolescents showed a reduced neural response to peer confidence variations compared to adults, but exhibited a stronger initial neural response to variations in their own certainty. However, this heightened response was not present anymore when personal and peer information was to be combined. We discuss how these observations might be explained by ongoing neural development during adolescence, leading to reduced metacognitive abilities which hinder the effective integration of precision signals. Together, these findings deepen our understanding of how adolescents process social information under uncertainty and how this process evolves with age.

青春期是一个重新定位社会的时期，研究表明，青少年可能比其他年龄组对同伴的影响更敏感。因此，更清楚地了解青少年时期同伴影响的动态和发展尤为重要。在这项研究中，我们比较了青少年（12-18岁）和成年人（22-45岁）社会学习的认知和神经过程，重点关注不确定性如何影响社会信息的使用。参与者完成了一个感知决策任务，在这个任务中，他们可以在看到同伴的估计后修改自己的初步估计。不确定性是通过改变决策前提供的信息量和操纵同伴报告的信心来操纵的。结合无模型分析和贝叶斯计算模型，我们发现，尽管青少年和成年人表现出相似的核心决策机制，但计算模型显示，青少年对自身确定性和同伴信心的变化不太敏感，从而降低了对社会信息使用的影响。功能性核磁共振显示，与成年人相比，青少年对同伴信心变化的神经反应较弱，但对自己信心变化的神经反应较强。然而，当个人信息和同伴信息结合在一起时，这种强烈的反应就不存在了。我们讨论了这些观察结果是如何通过青春期持续的神经发育来解释的，这导致了元认知能力的降低，从而阻碍了精确信号的有效整合。总之，这些发现加深了我们对青少年在不确定性下如何处理社会信息以及这一过程如何随着年龄的增长而演变的理解。

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