Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9871
S. Ojeka, B. Njoku, E. E. Onwoke
Exposure to lead (Pb2+) is known to portend serious damaging effects on the kidneys which are central to drug and substances excretion. Hence, a natural chelating agent such as honey is sought to attenuate the deleterious effects of lead induced renal damage. This study investigated the ameliorative influence of honey on renal function in lead – induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. Twenty-four (24) adult male Wistar rats (weighing 180-200g) were divided into four groups of six (n=6) rats each. Group 1: served as (negative control) and received distilled water and rat chow ad libitum. Group 2: served as positive control received 10mg/kg bw of Lead. Group 3: Received 2mls of 50% dilution of honey. Group 4: Received 10mg/kg bw of Lead + 2mls of 50% dilution of honey. All treatments were daily administered orally using oral gavage and lasted for 28 days. At the end of drug administration, experimental animals were anaesthetized using ketamine. Cardiac puncture was used for blood collection for analysis of renal function parameters. Significant (p<0.05) elevations in the serum potassium, uric acid, urea and creatinine were observed for the lead (Pb) treated group compared to the control. However, there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in the serum levels of sodium, potassium, uric acid, urea and creatinine in the groups treated with honey alone and honey + lead (Pb) when compared with the lead (Pb) treated group. These results strongly suggest a possible tubular disruption and consequent alteration of ionic pumps, and ion channels within the renal tubules due to lead (Pb) exposure. This clearly points to the fact that honey may possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can be concluded that oral administration of honey confers a protective and ameliorative potentials against heavy metals (lead) induced kidney dysfunction in experimental animal models. However, lead (Pb2+) toxicity may seem to possess inhibitory properties on the renal Na+/K+ ATPase; because of reduced serum sodium with increased serum potassium levels recorded in this study.
{"title":"The Ameliorative Effect of Honey on Lead (Pb) – Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"S. Ojeka, B. Njoku, E. E. Onwoke","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9871","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to lead (Pb2+) is known to portend serious damaging effects on the kidneys which are central to drug and substances excretion. Hence, a natural chelating agent such as honey is sought to attenuate the deleterious effects of lead induced renal damage. This study investigated the ameliorative influence of honey on renal function in lead – induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. Twenty-four (24) adult male Wistar rats (weighing 180-200g) were divided into four groups of six (n=6) rats each. Group 1: served as (negative control) and received distilled water and rat chow ad libitum. Group 2: served as positive control received 10mg/kg bw of Lead. Group 3: Received 2mls of 50% dilution of honey. Group 4: Received 10mg/kg bw of Lead + 2mls of 50% dilution of honey. All treatments were daily administered orally using oral gavage and lasted for 28 days. At the end of drug administration, experimental animals were anaesthetized using ketamine. Cardiac puncture was used for blood collection for analysis of renal function parameters. Significant (p<0.05) elevations in the serum potassium, uric acid, urea and creatinine were observed for the lead (Pb) treated group compared to the control. However, there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in the serum levels of sodium, potassium, uric acid, urea and creatinine in the groups treated with honey alone and honey + lead (Pb) when compared with the lead (Pb) treated group. These results strongly suggest a possible tubular disruption and consequent alteration of ionic pumps, and ion channels within the renal tubules due to lead (Pb) exposure. This clearly points to the fact that honey may possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can be concluded that oral administration of honey confers a protective and ameliorative potentials against heavy metals (lead) induced kidney dysfunction in experimental animal models. However, lead (Pb2+) toxicity may seem to possess inhibitory properties on the renal Na+/K+ ATPase; because of reduced serum sodium with increased serum potassium levels recorded in this study.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82230739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9870
F. Yousuf, Shyamal Sarker, Tanzil Ferdous, S. Chowdhury, Sayat Quayum
Background: Suicide is a prevalent form of unnatural death and a persistent social problem in Bangladesh. The act of self-poisoning is prevalent in our country, posing a significant medico-social challenge with approximately 300,000 cases and around 2,000 fatalities annually. The occurrence, causes, characteristics, affected age groups, and outcomes of self-poisoning in Bangladesh differ from those observed in Western countries. Notably, there is a concerning upward trend in the number of self-poisoning incidents among females in our nation. Aim of the Study: This research aimed to assess the socio-demographic traits of adult females who engaged in self-poisoning. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study occurred at the Department of Medicine in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2016 to June 2016. The study aimed to investigate self-poisoning among adult female patients, and 100 participants were included as subjects. Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all the participants in accordance with ethical guidelines. The collected data were subsequently processed, analyzed, and managed using MS Excel and SPSS version 23.0 software, as required for the study. Results: The average age of the participants in the study was 28.19±9.84 years. Most participants resided in rural areas (62%), followed by 75% who identified as Muslim. About 55% of the participants came from joint families, and the occupation most frequently reported was "housewife" (30%). Around 51% of the cases belonged to the lower economic class, while 48% of the patients had completed primary-level education. Among the participants, 51% were married. Regarding the timing of self-poisoning incidents, the majority occurred between 6 am and 12 pm (42%). Insecticide was the most commonly used poison material, accounting for 43% of the cases. Notably, a significant majority (81%) of the self-poisoning patients did not have any previous illnesses. Conclusion: Intentional self-poisoning is higher among females in younger age groups, particularly among homemakers and students. The majority of individuals affected by this issue come from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Self-poisoning incidents are more likely to occur during the daytime, and insecticide is most commonly used for this purpose among females. The leading causes of deliberate self-poisoning in this demographic are familial conflicts and experiencing disappointment in romantic relationships.
{"title":"Socio-demographic Profile of Female Engaging in Self-poisoning at a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"F. Yousuf, Shyamal Sarker, Tanzil Ferdous, S. Chowdhury, Sayat Quayum","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9870","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is a prevalent form of unnatural death and a persistent social problem in Bangladesh. The act of self-poisoning is prevalent in our country, posing a significant medico-social challenge with approximately 300,000 cases and around 2,000 fatalities annually. The occurrence, causes, characteristics, affected age groups, and outcomes of self-poisoning in Bangladesh differ from those observed in Western countries. Notably, there is a concerning upward trend in the number of self-poisoning incidents among females in our nation. \u0000Aim of the Study: This research aimed to assess the socio-demographic traits of adult females who engaged in self-poisoning. \u0000Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study occurred at the Department of Medicine in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2016 to June 2016. The study aimed to investigate self-poisoning among adult female patients, and 100 participants were included as subjects. Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all the participants in accordance with ethical guidelines. The collected data were subsequently processed, analyzed, and managed using MS Excel and SPSS version 23.0 software, as required for the study. \u0000Results: The average age of the participants in the study was 28.19±9.84 years. Most participants resided in rural areas (62%), followed by 75% who identified as Muslim. About 55% of the participants came from joint families, and the occupation most frequently reported was \"housewife\" (30%). Around 51% of the cases belonged to the lower economic class, while 48% of the patients had completed primary-level education. Among the participants, 51% were married. Regarding the timing of self-poisoning incidents, the majority occurred between 6 am and 12 pm (42%). Insecticide was the most commonly used poison material, accounting for 43% of the cases. Notably, a significant majority (81%) of the self-poisoning patients did not have any previous illnesses. \u0000Conclusion: Intentional self-poisoning is higher among females in younger age groups, particularly among homemakers and students. The majority of individuals affected by this issue come from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Self-poisoning incidents are more likely to occur during the daytime, and insecticide is most commonly used for this purpose among females. The leading causes of deliberate self-poisoning in this demographic are familial conflicts and experiencing disappointment in romantic relationships.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77899131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9869
S. N. Chukwurah, F. E. Menkiti, C. Ufoaroh, O. Ofiaeli, C. Chigbo, A. Okoye
Aim: Dyspepsia is a term differently understood, and associated with various upper gastro-intestinal endoscopic and histopathologic patterns. Most patients have regarded upper abdominal pain as ‘peptic ulcer disease’ with resultant late presentation of upper gastro-intestinal malignancies in some cases. This study examined the clinical presentation, endoscopic and histopathological patterns among patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria. Methods: This hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study examined 352 patients presenting with dyspepsia. Abdominal ultrasound was used to exclude patients with dyspepsia of biliary or pancreatic origin. An interviewer administered questionnaire (using the short form Leeds dyspepsia questionnaire) was used to describe dyspepsia patterns, and gastroscopy done on the included patients following an overnight fast. Samples obtained from endoscopy were assessed histologically for morphology and presence of H. pylori organism. Results: Most participants belonged to 55 to 74 years age group with a mean age of 52.27±2.59 years. Epigastric discomfort (96.9%), heart burn (63.1%) and belching (55.4%) were the commonest symptoms. The commonest endoscopy and histopathologic findings was chronic gastritis (63.06% and 51.99% respectively), although there was poor agreement between the two modalities. Conclusion: Histology remains the goal standard for diagnosis. However, we recommend endoscopy for dyspeptic patients especially in the elderly to enhance early detection of cancers, which were significant in this study.
{"title":"Clinical, Endoscopic and Histopathological Patterns among Patients with Dyspepsia","authors":"S. N. Chukwurah, F. E. Menkiti, C. Ufoaroh, O. Ofiaeli, C. Chigbo, A. Okoye","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9869","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Dyspepsia is a term differently understood, and associated with various upper gastro-intestinal endoscopic and histopathologic patterns. Most patients have regarded upper abdominal pain as ‘peptic ulcer disease’ with resultant late presentation of upper gastro-intestinal malignancies in some cases. This study examined the clinical presentation, endoscopic and histopathological patterns among patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study examined 352 patients presenting with dyspepsia. Abdominal ultrasound was used to exclude patients with dyspepsia of biliary or pancreatic origin. An interviewer administered questionnaire (using the short form Leeds dyspepsia questionnaire) was used to describe dyspepsia patterns, and gastroscopy done on the included patients following an overnight fast. Samples obtained from endoscopy were assessed histologically for morphology and presence of H. pylori organism. \u0000Results: Most participants belonged to 55 to 74 years age group with a mean age of 52.27±2.59 years. Epigastric discomfort (96.9%), heart burn (63.1%) and belching (55.4%) were the commonest symptoms. The commonest endoscopy and histopathologic findings was chronic gastritis (63.06% and 51.99% respectively), although there was poor agreement between the two modalities. \u0000Conclusion: Histology remains the goal standard for diagnosis. However, we recommend endoscopy for dyspeptic patients especially in the elderly to enhance early detection of cancers, which were significant in this study.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84552156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9868
Nwaokoro Isioma Cynthia, L. Chris-ozoko, E. Odokuma
Introduction: Piliostigma thonningii is an under explored leguminous plant that belong to the family, Leguminosa – caealpiniodae. The objective of this study therefore was to investigate the effect(s) of its ethanolic leaf extract on male testicular weight and histo-architecture. Material and Methods: Forty (40) male Wistar rats of an average of 160-200 g weight were used for the experiment. They were randomly divided into four (4) groups of ten (10) rats each. The groups were represented as: group 1 served as control, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg of the extract for 14 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, testes harvested, weighed and checked for histological changes in seminiferous tubules, epididymis and vas deference. Where necessary, obtained values were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a level of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Results showed that ethanolic leaf extract of P. thonningii caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in testicular weight following 14days of administration. Histomicrograph showed that 500mg/Kg Piliostigma thonningii for 14 Days caused vascular dilatation and congestion within the lining of the seminiferous tubules, 1000 mg/kg P. thonningii for 14 days caused less deteriorating effects on the histo-architecture of the rats’ testes as the seminiferous tubules appeared normal; even though there was mild hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Leydig. 1200 mg/kg Piliostigma thonningii caused vascular dilatation and active congestion in the seminiferous tubules with moderate hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Leydig. Histological features of the testes showed the presence of marked vascular dilatation, active congestion and mild hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Leydig in the testes of rats treated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg P. thonningii. Thus, this study has shown that 14 days treatment of 500 mg/kg Piliostigma thonningii caused active interstitial congestion, 1000 mg/kg with plump fibroblast in the epididymis.
{"title":"Histo-Architectural and Testicular Weight Changes in Wistar Rats Fed with Graded Doses of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach)","authors":"Nwaokoro Isioma Cynthia, L. Chris-ozoko, E. Odokuma","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9868","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Piliostigma thonningii is an under explored leguminous plant that belong to the family, Leguminosa – caealpiniodae. The objective of this study therefore was to investigate the effect(s) of its ethanolic leaf extract on male testicular weight and histo-architecture. \u0000Material and Methods: Forty (40) male Wistar rats of an average of 160-200 g weight were used for the experiment. They were randomly divided into four (4) groups of ten (10) rats each. The groups were represented as: group 1 served as control, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg of the extract for 14 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, testes harvested, weighed and checked for histological changes in seminiferous tubules, epididymis and vas deference. Where necessary, obtained values were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a level of p < 0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: Results showed that ethanolic leaf extract of P. thonningii caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in testicular weight following 14days of administration. Histomicrograph showed that 500mg/Kg Piliostigma thonningii for 14 Days caused vascular dilatation and congestion within the lining of the seminiferous tubules, 1000 mg/kg P. thonningii for 14 days caused less deteriorating effects on the histo-architecture of the rats’ testes as the seminiferous tubules appeared normal; even though there was mild hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Leydig. 1200 mg/kg Piliostigma thonningii caused vascular dilatation and active congestion in the seminiferous tubules with moderate hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Leydig. Histological features of the testes showed the presence of marked vascular dilatation, active congestion and mild hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Leydig in the testes of rats treated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg P. thonningii. Thus, this study has shown that 14 days treatment of 500 mg/kg Piliostigma thonningii caused active interstitial congestion, 1000 mg/kg with plump fibroblast in the epididymis.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76227918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9867
Md. Rifat Uddin, Abdullah Mahmud Showrav, R. Jahan, Md. Ruhul Amin Tuhin, Md. Imtiaz Khalil Ullah, Md. Mirajbillah, M. Amin
Aim: Hospital diet is an integral part of the management of in-ward patients. Patient satisfaction is a key criterion by which the quality of dietary services can be evaluated. This study was conducted to assess the patients’ satisfaction regarding dietary service at tertiary hospitals. Methodology: The present cross-sectional study had been carried out among 247 dietary service receivers to assess the patients’ satisfaction regarding dietary service at tertiary hospitals. The study was conducted in Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical Collage Hospital and Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Bangladesh from January to December, 2022. Convenience sampling technique was adopted and a pre-tested structured questionnaire based on Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (ACHFPSQ) was used for measuring patients’ satisfaction with dietary services. Results: The mean age of the service receivers was 39.24±13.09 years where more than half of the respondents (59%) were male and 65% of the respondents are from rural area. All of the respondents took hospital diet 3 times daily. Among the respondents 97.6% stated that they never had any option to choose their meal and 47.4% of them sometimes felt hungry between two meals. 87% of the respondents considered that the dietary staff always had good behavior. Among the respondent 41.30% had good satisfaction, 30.40% had moderate satisfaction and 22.70% had very good satisfaction regarding hospital dietary service. Conclusion: The study concluded that almost half of respondents had good satisfaction with the overall dietary service whereas about one third of the respondents rated dietary services as average. Hospitals should strengthen the ongoing dietary service by providing a menu with variety of food daily and improve the taste of supplied food.
{"title":"Patients’ Satisfaction Regarding Dietary Service at Tertiary Hospitals","authors":"Md. Rifat Uddin, Abdullah Mahmud Showrav, R. Jahan, Md. Ruhul Amin Tuhin, Md. Imtiaz Khalil Ullah, Md. Mirajbillah, M. Amin","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9867","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Hospital diet is an integral part of the management of in-ward patients. Patient satisfaction is a key criterion by which the quality of dietary services can be evaluated. This study was conducted to assess the patients’ satisfaction regarding dietary service at tertiary hospitals. \u0000Methodology: The present cross-sectional study had been carried out among 247 dietary service receivers to assess the patients’ satisfaction regarding dietary service at tertiary hospitals. The study was conducted in Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical Collage Hospital and Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Bangladesh from January to December, 2022. Convenience sampling technique was adopted and a pre-tested structured questionnaire based on Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (ACHFPSQ) was used for measuring patients’ satisfaction with dietary services. \u0000Results: The mean age of the service receivers was 39.24±13.09 years where more than half of the respondents (59%) were male and 65% of the respondents are from rural area. All of the respondents took hospital diet 3 times daily. Among the respondents 97.6% stated that they never had any option to choose their meal and 47.4% of them sometimes felt hungry between two meals. 87% of the respondents considered that the dietary staff always had good behavior. Among the respondent 41.30% had good satisfaction, 30.40% had moderate satisfaction and 22.70% had very good satisfaction regarding hospital dietary service. \u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that almost half of respondents had good satisfaction with the overall dietary service whereas about one third of the respondents rated dietary services as average. Hospitals should strengthen the ongoing dietary service by providing a menu with variety of food daily and improve the taste of supplied food.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78364227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The addition of dexamethasone to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block has been studied to evaluate its impact on block onset and duration, potentially enhancing the efficacy of regional anesthesia. Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to local anaesthetics on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary hospital from January 2022 to January 2023. Where 100 adult patients undergoing various orthopaedic surgeries on forearm and around the elbow under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were selected and divided into 2 groups of 50 each. In group-A patients received 35 ml of mixture of lignocaine 2%, bupivacaine 0.5% while in group-B patients received the same amount of local anaesthetics with dexamethasone (8 mg). The onset of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia in two groups were compared and development of complications were observed. Results: Both Group A (48%) and Group B (42%), where most of the patients in the research are located, have a median age of 41 years. There were 80% males and 20% females in Group A. There were ninety males and ten females in Group B. There was a statistically significant (p 0.05) early onset of sensory and motor block in group B. The analgesic effect lasted much longer in group B (p 0.001) than in group A. In addition, 45% of group A participants were diagnosed with Horner's syndrome, and 7% had Dyspnoea or chest pain. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was blocked in 3% of patients, whereas 2% had insufficient occlusion. In group B, 31% of people experienced horners syndrome, and 5% had Dyspnoea or chest pain. Two percent of patients had a block of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, with one percent experiencing an inadequate block. Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone to 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline in supraclavicular brachial plexus block speeds the onset and prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade. However, the use of dexamethasone to prolong the effects of local anesthetics is not encouraged. It might be useful in situations when epinephrine use is limited (such as in hypertension or cardiovascular disease).
{"title":"Effect of Dexamethasone Addition to Local Anesthetics in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block","authors":"Md. Abdullah-Hel-Baki, Kawser Ahmed, Jaitun Neher, Nirmal Kumar Barman, Md. Monwar Hossein, A. Sharma, Shiladitya Shil","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9866","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The addition of dexamethasone to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block has been studied to evaluate its impact on block onset and duration, potentially enhancing the efficacy of regional anesthesia. \u0000Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to local anaesthetics on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary hospital from January 2022 to January 2023. Where 100 adult patients undergoing various orthopaedic surgeries on forearm and around the elbow under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were selected and divided into 2 groups of 50 each. In group-A patients received 35 ml of mixture of lignocaine 2%, bupivacaine 0.5% while in group-B patients received the same amount of local anaesthetics with dexamethasone (8 mg). The onset of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia in two groups were compared and development of complications were observed. \u0000Results: Both Group A (48%) and Group B (42%), where most of the patients in the research are located, have a median age of 41 years. There were 80% males and 20% females in Group A. There were ninety males and ten females in Group B. There was a statistically significant (p 0.05) early onset of sensory and motor block in group B. The analgesic effect lasted much longer in group B (p 0.001) than in group A. In addition, 45% of group A participants were diagnosed with Horner's syndrome, and 7% had Dyspnoea or chest pain. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was blocked in 3% of patients, whereas 2% had insufficient occlusion. In group B, 31% of people experienced horners syndrome, and 5% had Dyspnoea or chest pain. Two percent of patients had a block of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, with one percent experiencing an inadequate block. \u0000Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone to 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline in supraclavicular brachial plexus block speeds the onset and prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade. However, the use of dexamethasone to prolong the effects of local anesthetics is not encouraged. It might be useful in situations when epinephrine use is limited (such as in hypertension or cardiovascular disease).","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80133262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9865
M. Jihwaprani, Evan G Kumara
Aim: To describe a rare case of Fahr’s syndrome (FS) associated with chronic post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old female with a previous history of total thyroidectomy and hemiplegia presented to our hospital with altered mentation and recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia. Head computed tomography (CT) scan was consistent with FS, demonstrating extensive, bilateral, and symmetrical calcified deposits in the brain, predominantly in basal ganglia, corona radiata, and cerebellar hemispheres. The association with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and relevant biochemical indices determined the suspected etiology of the pathologic process of ectopic calcification. Discussion: FS is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal bilateral ectopic calcified deposits in the basal ganglia and other brain structures. FS presents with a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric manifestations. The diagnosis is confirmed by neuroimaging studies such as a head CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging, which displays the calcification of BG and other structures in a bilateral and symmetrical pattern. Biochemical analysis may adjunctively identify the underlying risk factor of the disease. Conclusion: Our case represents a long-term severe consequence of untreated post-surgical hypoparathyroidism, which has consequently led to irreversible secondary FS. Maintenance of eucalcemic and euphosphatemic states is essential to prevent the progression of ectopic cerebral calcification.
{"title":"Fahr’s Syndrome Secondary to Hypoparathyroidism Presenting with Paralysis and Recurrent Seizures: A Case Report","authors":"M. Jihwaprani, Evan G Kumara","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9865","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To describe a rare case of Fahr’s syndrome (FS) associated with chronic post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. \u0000Case Presentation: A 63-year-old female with a previous history of total thyroidectomy and hemiplegia presented to our hospital with altered mentation and recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia. Head computed tomography (CT) scan was consistent with FS, demonstrating extensive, bilateral, and symmetrical calcified deposits in the brain, predominantly in basal ganglia, corona radiata, and cerebellar hemispheres. The association with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and relevant biochemical indices determined the suspected etiology of the pathologic process of ectopic calcification. \u0000Discussion: FS is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal bilateral ectopic calcified deposits in the basal ganglia and other brain structures. FS presents with a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric manifestations. The diagnosis is confirmed by neuroimaging studies such as a head CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging, which displays the calcification of BG and other structures in a bilateral and symmetrical pattern. Biochemical analysis may adjunctively identify the underlying risk factor of the disease. \u0000Conclusion: Our case represents a long-term severe consequence of untreated post-surgical hypoparathyroidism, which has consequently led to irreversible secondary FS. Maintenance of eucalcemic and euphosphatemic states is essential to prevent the progression of ectopic cerebral calcification.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80478541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9864
Indah Widyaningsih, T. G. Suryandani
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels brought on by a deficiency in insulin quality, production, or both. In order to achieve the projected target blood glucose levels and limit the progression of sickness, diet continues to be the first line of ongoing effort. This study aims to determine how ashitaba extract influences blood glucose decrease. The study's subjects were healthy mice over a month old weighing 30–40 grams. The sample consisted of 30 mice in total. The One Way Anova statistical test was utilized for data analysis in this study. The outcomes demonstrated that administering Ashitaba extracts to hyperglycemic mice decreased blood glucose levels, as evidenced by a sig value of 0.004 (sig α < 0.05).
糖尿病(DM)是一种代谢紊乱，其特征是由于胰岛素质量、分泌不足或两者兼而有之而导致血糖水平升高。为了达到预期的目标血糖水平并限制疾病的发展，饮食仍然是持续努力的第一线。本研究旨在确定明日叶提取物对血糖降低的影响。这项研究的对象是体重30-40克的健康老鼠。样本总共有30只老鼠。本研究资料分析采用单因素方差分析(One Way Anova)。结果表明，给药后的高血糖小鼠血糖水平降低，显著值为0.004 (sig α < 0.05)。
{"title":"Harnessing Ashitaba Extract: A Promising Solution for Regulating Blood Glucose in High Glucose Diet Mice","authors":"Indah Widyaningsih, T. G. Suryandani","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9864","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels brought on by a deficiency in insulin quality, production, or both. In order to achieve the projected target blood glucose levels and limit the progression of sickness, diet continues to be the first line of ongoing effort. This study aims to determine how ashitaba extract influences blood glucose decrease. The study's subjects were healthy mice over a month old weighing 30–40 grams. The sample consisted of 30 mice in total. The One Way Anova statistical test was utilized for data analysis in this study. The outcomes demonstrated that administering Ashitaba extracts to hyperglycemic mice decreased blood glucose levels, as evidenced by a sig value of 0.004 (sig α < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81578200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9860
Ghizlane Jaabouti, Soumia Bencchakroun, C. Mahraoui, N. Hafidi
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition caused by a congenital defect in the diaphragm, leading to the protrusion of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. It can be isolated (in 40% of cases) or associated with other malformations. In 85% of cases, it is located postero-laterally (Bochdalek hernia), and less commonly antero-laterally (Morgagni and Larrey hernias). We report the case of a patient presenting a Morgagni hernia, which is a rare hernia that accounts for 1 to 6% of diaphragmatic hernias, and is usually asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally. We present the case of an infant born from a well-monitored pregnancy, delivered vaginally, with a normal birth weight of 3200 grams and a normal Apgar score, and no neonatal respiratory distress. The infant was discharged after 24 hours and remained in good health. At 6 months of age, the infant presented with acute viral bronchiolitis, and an incidental discovery of an antero-lateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia was made through a chest X-ray. The patient was stabilized and referred to the pediatric surgery department for management after successful treatment of the bronchiolitis.
{"title":"Incidentally Detected Morgagni Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Case Report","authors":"Ghizlane Jaabouti, Soumia Bencchakroun, C. Mahraoui, N. Hafidi","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9860","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition caused by a congenital defect in the diaphragm, leading to the protrusion of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. It can be isolated (in 40% of cases) or associated with other malformations. In 85% of cases, it is located postero-laterally (Bochdalek hernia), and less commonly antero-laterally (Morgagni and Larrey hernias). \u0000We report the case of a patient presenting a Morgagni hernia, which is a rare hernia that accounts for 1 to 6% of diaphragmatic hernias, and is usually asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally. \u0000We present the case of an infant born from a well-monitored pregnancy, delivered vaginally, with a normal birth weight of 3200 grams and a normal Apgar score, and no neonatal respiratory distress. The infant was discharged after 24 hours and remained in good health. \u0000At 6 months of age, the infant presented with acute viral bronchiolitis, and an incidental discovery of an antero-lateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia was made through a chest X-ray. The patient was stabilized and referred to the pediatric surgery department for management after successful treatment of the bronchiolitis.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"842 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82840146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9862
Ghizlane Jaabouti, Soumia Bencchakroun, C. Mahraoui, N. Hafidi
Road accidents are the main cause of serious injuries worldwide, accounting for over 10% of trauma cases resulting in death or significant physical impairment. Thoracic injuries, on the other hand, are responsible for a quarter of all trauma-related deaths. In such cases, pneumothorax is the most common thoracic injury, affecting 30 to 40% of patients with thoracic trauma. This injury occurs twice as often in closed traumas as in penetrating traumas. However, post-traumatic pulmonary pneumatocele is a very rare condition that occurs mostly in children and young adults. It’s often a sequelae of acute pneumonia or barotrauma resulting from alveolar hyperpressure in the context of closed glottis trauma. Recognizing these injuries quickly can save lives, whether the patient is outside or in a modern intensive care unit. The reported case is an 8-year-old female child with no medical history, no delayed growth or development, who was involved in a public road accident with a thoracic impact. She presented with hemoptysis and chest pain, and a thoracic CT scan revealed bilateral pulmonary parenchymal contusions predominantly on the right, with post-traumatic pneumatoceles on the right side and a right pneumothorax blade, with good progress under surveillance, oxygen therapy, and prophylactic antibiotic treatment.
{"title":"Post-Traumatic Pulmonary Pneumatoceles: A Case Report","authors":"Ghizlane Jaabouti, Soumia Bencchakroun, C. Mahraoui, N. Hafidi","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i9862","url":null,"abstract":"Road accidents are the main cause of serious injuries worldwide, accounting for over 10% of trauma cases resulting in death or significant physical impairment. Thoracic injuries, on the other hand, are responsible for a quarter of all trauma-related deaths. In such cases, pneumothorax is the most common thoracic injury, affecting 30 to 40% of patients with thoracic trauma. This injury occurs twice as often in closed traumas as in penetrating traumas. However, post-traumatic pulmonary pneumatocele is a very rare condition that occurs mostly in children and young adults. It’s often a sequelae of acute pneumonia or barotrauma resulting from alveolar hyperpressure in the context of closed glottis trauma. \u0000Recognizing these injuries quickly can save lives, whether the patient is outside or in a modern intensive care unit. \u0000The reported case is an 8-year-old female child with no medical history, no delayed growth or development, who was involved in a public road accident with a thoracic impact. She presented with hemoptysis and chest pain, and a thoracic CT scan revealed bilateral pulmonary parenchymal contusions predominantly on the right, with post-traumatic pneumatoceles on the right side and a right pneumothorax blade, with good progress under surveillance, oxygen therapy, and prophylactic antibiotic treatment.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78736155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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