Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.009
X. Zheng, Z. Luo, Y. Zhang, S. Wang, L. Ren
Structural robustness, an index for structural geometrical agreement, is used to assess the alternative load paths of structures subjected to loads. Therefore, robustness can be extended to evaluate the robustness of bridges with local failure in individual members. In this work, a method that includes the use of a radar chart is proposed to assess the robustness of cable-stayed bridges by considering the mechanical performance of bridges with local failure in the cables and chords. Four plans regarding the truss girder and cables are designed to reinforce a damaged bridge. The results indicate that these two alternative path plans disperse the stress in the members in the truss girder, and the reduction of alternative path plan 2 (AP2) is greater than that of alternative path plan 1 (AP1). Similarly, the two plans regarding the cables are found to decrease the vertical displacement of the truss girder under gravity, and the reduction of the first plan is slightly greater than that of the second plan. Consequently, the two alternative load path plans improve the indexes of the truss girder, leading to an increase in the value of IRob to 0.74. Moreover, regarding the truss girder, the two alternative cable plans are used to increase the indexes, and the values are all found to be larger than the corresponding values of the intact cable-stayed bridge. The proposed method including the use of a radar chart, which is associated with several indexes, can be used to assess the structural robustness of intact and damaged bridges, thereby allowing for the development of reinforcement plans.
{"title":"A method for the robustness evaluation of cable-stayed bridges with steel truss girders under different reinforcement cases","authors":"X. Zheng, Z. Luo, Y. Zhang, S. Wang, L. Ren","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"Structural robustness, an index for structural geometrical agreement, is used to assess the alternative load paths of structures subjected to loads. Therefore, robustness can be extended to evaluate the robustness of bridges with local failure in individual members. In this work, a method that includes the use of a radar chart is proposed to assess the robustness of cable-stayed bridges by considering the mechanical performance of bridges with local failure in the cables and chords. Four plans regarding the truss girder and cables are designed to reinforce a damaged bridge. The results indicate that these two alternative path plans disperse the stress in the members in the truss girder, and the reduction of alternative path plan 2 (AP2) is greater than that of alternative path plan 1 (AP1). Similarly, the two plans regarding the cables are found to decrease the vertical displacement of the truss girder under gravity, and the reduction of the first plan is slightly greater than that of the second plan. Consequently, the two alternative load path plans improve the indexes of the truss girder, leading to an increase in the value of IRob to 0.74. Moreover, regarding the truss girder, the two alternative cable plans are used to increase the indexes, and the values are all found to be larger than the corresponding values of the intact cable-stayed bridge. The proposed method including the use of a radar chart, which is associated with several indexes, can be used to assess the structural robustness of intact and damaged bridges, thereby allowing for the development of reinforcement plans.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.06.002
M. Tang, L. Dai, S. Shin
Robust parameter design (RPD) is to determine the optimal controllable factors that minimize the variation of quality performance caused by noise factors. The dual response surface approach is one of the most commonly applied approaches in RPD that attempts to simultaneously minimize the process bias (i.e., the deviation of the process mean from the target) as well as process variability (i.e., variance or standard deviation). In order to address this tradeoff issue between the process bias and variability, a number of RPD methods are reported in literature by assigning relative weights or priorities to both the process bias and variability. However, the relative weights or priorities assigned are often subjectively determined by a decision maker (DM) who in some situations may not have enough prior knowledge to determine the relative importance of both the process bias and variability. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes an alternative approach by integrating the bargaining game theory into an RPD model to determine the optimal factor settings. Both the process bias and variability are considered as two rational players that negotiate how the input variable values should be assigned. Then Nash bargaining game solution technique is applied to determine the optimal, fair, and unique solutions (i.e., a balanced agreement point) for this game. This technique may provide a valuable recommendation for the DM to consider before making the final decision. This proposed method may not require any preference information from the DM by considering the interaction between the process bias and variability. To verify the efficiency of the obtained solutions, a lexicographic weighted Tchebycheff method which is often used in bi-objective optimization problems is utilized. Finally, in two numerical examples, the proposed method provides non-dominated tradeoff solutions for particular convex Pareto frontier cases. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are also conducted for verification purposes associated with the disagreement and agreement points.
{"title":"Integration of game theory and response surface method for robust parameter design","authors":"M. Tang, L. Dai, S. Shin","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Robust parameter design (RPD) is to determine the optimal controllable factors that minimize the variation of quality performance caused by noise factors. The dual response surface approach is one of the most commonly applied approaches in RPD that attempts to simultaneously minimize the process bias (i.e., the deviation of the process mean from the target) as well as process variability (i.e., variance or standard deviation). In order to address this tradeoff issue between the process bias and variability, a number of RPD methods are reported in literature by assigning relative weights or priorities to both the process bias and variability. However, the relative weights or priorities assigned are often subjectively determined by a decision maker (DM) who in some situations may not have enough prior knowledge to determine the relative importance of both the process bias and variability. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes an alternative approach by integrating the bargaining game theory into an RPD model to determine the optimal factor settings. Both the process bias and variability are considered as two rational players that negotiate how the input variable values should be assigned. Then Nash bargaining game solution technique is applied to determine the optimal, fair, and unique solutions (i.e., a balanced agreement point) for this game. This technique may provide a valuable recommendation for the DM to consider before making the final decision. This proposed method may not require any preference information from the DM by considering the interaction between the process bias and variability. To verify the efficiency of the obtained solutions, a lexicographic weighted Tchebycheff method which is often used in bi-objective optimization problems is utilized. Finally, in two numerical examples, the proposed method provides non-dominated tradeoff solutions for particular convex Pareto frontier cases. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are also conducted for verification purposes associated with the disagreement and agreement points.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.07.001
J. De‐la‐Colina, C. Gonzalez-Perez
A proposal to estimate both the hydrodynamic pressures and the maximum wave height of liquids contained in rectangular tanks subjected to earthquake ground motions is presented. The computation procedure, based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, assumes the fluid as a continuum and it does not use concentrated masses or springs. The solution is achieved by equating the seismic input energy of the system with the total kinetic energy of the fluid assuming liquid velocity fields. The resulting design formulas are simple and they are intended to simplify the seismic design of tanks. Numerical results lead to both the liquid maximum sloshing height and hydrodynamic pressure distributions that are similar to those obtained with other simplified methods and those estimated with the finite element method. Preliminary estimations of shear forces and bending moments for a numerical example resulted 13% and 6% larger (respectively) than the corresponding values obtained with the finite element method.
{"title":"Proposal to compute hydrodynamic pressures and sloshing heights in ground-supported rectangular tanks subjected to earthquakes","authors":"J. De‐la‐Colina, C. Gonzalez-Perez","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"A proposal to estimate both the hydrodynamic pressures and the maximum wave height of liquids contained in rectangular tanks subjected to earthquake ground motions is presented. The computation procedure, based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, assumes the fluid as a continuum and it does not use concentrated masses or springs. The solution is achieved by equating the seismic input energy of the system with the total kinetic energy of the fluid assuming liquid velocity fields. The resulting design formulas are simple and they are intended to simplify the seismic design of tanks. Numerical results lead to both the liquid maximum sloshing height and hydrodynamic pressure distributions that are similar to those obtained with other simplified methods and those estimated with the finite element method. Preliminary estimations of shear forces and bending moments for a numerical example resulted 13% and 6% larger (respectively) than the corresponding values obtained with the finite element method.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.09.002
Z. Qu, A. Lai, B. Lin
Internal solitary waves (ISW) often appear in the actual ocean and carry huge energy. In order to study the interaction between the ISW and the underwater objects, considering the variation law of the fluid density along the depth direction in the actual ocean, the numerical calculation model for the ISW and the submarine in the stratified fluid is established based on the Korteweg de Vres (KdV) theory and the RANS method. The load characteristics of the ISW on the submarine are studied by using the overset mesh technology and the VOF method. When the submarine passes through the ISW, the change of its buoyancy will cause a sharp change in the vertical load. The ISW-induced flow field will also affect the force on the submarine. The ISW-induced forces increase with the increase of the ISW amplitudes. When the submarine is completely below the peak of the waveform, the load is mainly affected by the flow field structure; the force amplitude is small, and the impact of the submergence depth is small.
内孤立波经常出现在实际海洋中，并携带着巨大的能量。为了研究ISW与水下物体之间的相互作用，考虑实际海洋中流体密度沿深度方向的变化规律，基于Korteweg de Vres (KdV)理论和RANS方法建立了分层流体中ISW与潜艇的数值计算模型。采用叠置网格技术和VOF方法研究了潜艇上ISW的载荷特性。当潜艇通过ISW时，其浮力的变化会引起垂直载荷的急剧变化。isw诱导的流场也会影响对潜艇的作用力。ISW诱导力随ISW振幅的增大而增大。当潜艇完全处于波形峰值以下时，载荷主要受流场结构的影响;力幅值较小，受淹没深度的影响较小。
{"title":"Numerical investigation of load characteristics by internal solitary wave on submarines in fluids with continuous density change","authors":"Z. Qu, A. Lai, B. Lin","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"Internal solitary waves (ISW) often appear in the actual ocean and carry huge energy. In order to study the interaction between the ISW and the underwater objects, considering the variation law of the fluid density along the depth direction in the actual ocean, the numerical calculation model for the ISW and the submarine in the stratified fluid is established based on the Korteweg de Vres (KdV) theory and the RANS method. The load characteristics of the ISW on the submarine are studied by using the overset mesh technology and the VOF method. When the submarine passes through the ISW, the change of its buoyancy will cause a sharp change in the vertical load. The ISW-induced flow field will also affect the force on the submarine. The ISW-induced forces increase with the increase of the ISW amplitudes. When the submarine is completely below the peak of the waveform, the load is mainly affected by the flow field structure; the force amplitude is small, and the impact of the submergence depth is small.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.003
F. Zarate, J. Cuellar, M. Santana, J. Mata
The objectives of this work are focused on giving an answer to the problems presented in the operation of a railway bridge, using the FEM-DEM numerical technique considering static and dynamic loads. The purpose is to find out the existing breakage mechanisms in the bridge. From a social aspect, there is concern about the possible collapse of the bridge, with the corresponding economic loss and eventually human losses; therefore, the interest and social involvement of the study has repercussions not only on the repair mechanisms that can be adopted but also on the possible revision of the calculation and design aspects in this type of works. The FEM-DEM technique developed by Zárate et al. [1,2] has been validated in various laboratory tests [3-5]. Due to the characteristics of the problem, the technique used is an ideal tool to study the structural behaviour of the bridge from a static and dynamic point of view. Considering the reinforcing steel in the bridge is fundamental to carry out the structural analysis, which is why the implementation of this type of reinforcement in the FEM-DEM formulation is described.
{"title":"Structural analysis of a railway bridge using the FEM-DEM technique","authors":"F. Zarate, J. Cuellar, M. Santana, J. Mata","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this work are focused on giving an answer to the problems presented in the operation of a railway bridge, using the FEM-DEM numerical technique considering static and dynamic loads. The purpose is to find out the existing breakage mechanisms in the bridge. From a social aspect, there is concern about the possible collapse of the bridge, with the corresponding economic loss and eventually human losses; therefore, the interest and social involvement of the study has repercussions not only on the repair mechanisms that can be adopted but also on the possible revision of the calculation and design aspects in this type of works. The FEM-DEM technique developed by Zárate et al. [1,2] has been validated in various laboratory tests [3-5]. Due to the characteristics of the problem, the technique used is an ideal tool to study the structural behaviour of the bridge from a static and dynamic point of view. Considering the reinforcing steel in the bridge is fundamental to carry out the structural analysis, which is why the implementation of this type of reinforcement in the FEM-DEM formulation is described.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"13 33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.001
M. Shojaeefard, M. Mollajafari, S. Mousavitabar, M. Khordehbinan, H. Hosseinalibeiki
The distribution of goods and urban services has made the issue of vehicle routing of particular importance to researchers. Advanced Routing Vehicle (RVRP) Rich Vehicle Routing Problem As a hybrid optimization problem, it is widely used in many transportation and logistics planning. The approach of this paper is to present a heuristic method for solving the problem called Nested Clustering for Traveling Salesman Problem (NC-TSP), in this method to optimize the search space, we break the problem in consecutive space. In the first step, using the nearest neighbor (Knn) algorithm with the center of each depot, and then using the fuzzy C-means clustering method within each cluster obtained from the Knn method, to find the optimal set of nodes. Then we solve the problem using the extension of MILP linear functions to the heterogeneous nature of the transport fleet and the warehouses that supply the goods, using the optimization algorithm (GA). The proposed approach, despite its great complexity, solves the problem to a large extent and shows promising cost-effective results in the existing criteria.
{"title":"A TSP-based nested clustering approach to solve multi-depot heterogeneous fleet routing problem","authors":"M. Shojaeefard, M. Mollajafari, S. Mousavitabar, M. Khordehbinan, H. Hosseinalibeiki","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of goods and urban services has made the issue of vehicle routing of particular importance to researchers. Advanced Routing Vehicle (RVRP) Rich Vehicle Routing Problem As a hybrid optimization problem, it is widely used in many transportation and logistics planning. The approach of this paper is to present a heuristic method for solving the problem called Nested Clustering for Traveling Salesman Problem (NC-TSP), in this method to optimize the search space, we break the problem in consecutive space. In the first step, using the nearest neighbor (Knn) algorithm with the center of each depot, and then using the fuzzy C-means clustering method within each cluster obtained from the Knn method, to find the optimal set of nodes. Then we solve the problem using the extension of MILP linear functions to the heterogeneous nature of the transport fleet and the warehouses that supply the goods, using the optimization algorithm (GA). The proposed approach, despite its great complexity, solves the problem to a large extent and shows promising cost-effective results in the existing criteria.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.11.003
Yanlin Zhou, K. Hu, T. Hu, S. Shi, Y. Han, J. Wang, Y. Lou, T. Hou
In this study, IGA is introduced into the performance analysis of the expansion water seal for an exact representation of its complex geometrical shape. Firstly, the incremental equilibrium equations used in the large deformation analysis are derived for the IGA discretization model based on the updated Lagrangian formulation. The unknown contact forces are directly involved in the equilibrium equations, which results in a simple expression. Then, through the investigation of the contact conditions, the normal and tangential contact forces are verified to be the solutions of two box-constrained variational inequalities representing the normal and tangential contact conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the incremental equilibrium equations for all components of the water seal system and the variational inequalities for all contacts between the components are assembled together and reformulated as a global variational inequality, which is resolved by using the Extra-gradient method. Ultimately, the new method is applied in the performance comparison of two optional expansion water seals, in which the capability and precision of the proposed method are investigated. Results verify that the proposed method is effective in the numerical simulation of the expansion water seal and has a higher precision than the traditional FEM under the same conditions.
{"title":"Investigation on the performance of the expansion water seal by using isogeometric analysis with variational inequalities for the frictional contact","authors":"Yanlin Zhou, K. Hu, T. Hu, S. Shi, Y. Han, J. Wang, Y. Lou, T. Hou","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, IGA is introduced into the performance analysis of the expansion water seal for an exact representation of its complex geometrical shape. Firstly, the incremental equilibrium equations used in the large deformation analysis are derived for the IGA discretization model based on the updated Lagrangian formulation. The unknown contact forces are directly involved in the equilibrium equations, which results in a simple expression. Then, through the investigation of the contact conditions, the normal and tangential contact forces are verified to be the solutions of two box-constrained variational inequalities representing the normal and tangential contact conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the incremental equilibrium equations for all components of the water seal system and the variational inequalities for all contacts between the components are assembled together and reformulated as a global variational inequality, which is resolved by using the Extra-gradient method. Ultimately, the new method is applied in the performance comparison of two optional expansion water seals, in which the capability and precision of the proposed method are investigated. Results verify that the proposed method is effective in the numerical simulation of the expansion water seal and has a higher precision than the traditional FEM under the same conditions.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.006
B. Azman, S. Hussain, N. Azmi, M. Ghani, N. Norlen
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, and it is ranked as the second highest cancer with high mortality rate. Breast-cancer recurrence is the cancerous tumor that returned after treatment. Cancer treatments such as radiotherapy are performed mainly to kill cancer cells; however, some cells may have survived and multiply themselves at the same area as the original cancer (local recurrence) or to any other part (distant recurrence). Distant recurrence occurs when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, most commonly to bone, breast, liver, and lungs. This study employed an Artificial Neural Network of the deep learning approach to predict distant recurrence of breast cancer. Factors that contribute to the risk of recurrence are age, type of surgery performed, tumor size, breast subtype, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, undergoing chemotherapy or not, and lymph node involvement. The actual value of distant recurrence is also considered to be a variable. Principal Component Analysis using five and three principal components was conducted. The outcome indicates that the model has accuracy of up to 0.80 using three principal components.
{"title":"Prediction of Distant Recurrence in Breast Cancer using a Deep Neural Network","authors":"B. Azman, S. Hussain, N. Azmi, M. Ghani, N. Norlen","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, and it is ranked as the second highest cancer with high mortality rate. Breast-cancer recurrence is the cancerous tumor that returned after treatment. Cancer treatments such as radiotherapy are performed mainly to kill cancer cells; however, some cells may have survived and multiply themselves at the same area as the original cancer (local recurrence) or to any other part (distant recurrence). Distant recurrence occurs when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, most commonly to bone, breast, liver, and lungs. This study employed an Artificial Neural Network of the deep learning approach to predict distant recurrence of breast cancer. Factors that contribute to the risk of recurrence are age, type of surgery performed, tumor size, breast subtype, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, undergoing chemotherapy or not, and lymph node involvement. The actual value of distant recurrence is also considered to be a variable. Principal Component Analysis using five and three principal components was conducted. The outcome indicates that the model has accuracy of up to 0.80 using three principal components.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.12.001
Y. Ge, F. Liu, D. Wang, D. Liu
In order to solve the problems of serious axial and tangential leakage and low torque density in the magnetic circuit axial permanent magnet gear (APMG), an external regulating ring is introduced on the basis of APMG to form a dual-excitation and modulation APMG structure, namely DEM-APMG. The low speed rotor of DEM-APMG is clamped between the inner and outer magnetizing rings to generate dual-excitation field (i.e. dual excitation). At the same time, the inner and outer magnetizing rings modulate the low speed rotor dual-directionally modulation (i.e. dual modulation). The axial and tangential leakage flux of APMG can be converted into useful harmonics to increase the output torque and torque density on the basis of APMG. In this study, mathematical analysis is used to describe the air gap magnetic density and electromagnetic torque model of a DEM-APMG, which essentially describes the root cause of the increase in torque density. Using 3D finite element static and dynamic simulations, the transmission characteristics of the APMG and DEM-APMG are compared and analyzed. Results show that the maximum static torque of the DEM-APMG high-speed and low-speed rotors with the same outer diameter increase by 22.7% and 23.8%, respectively, compared with APMG, 26% and 29%, respectively, in steady-state operation, and the torque density increases by 24%. The influence of the primary structural parameters on the transmission characteristics is also investigated using the control variable method. Results show that the duty cycle of the magnet adjusting block, the axial length of the high-speed permanent magnet and the low-speed permanent magnet have the strongest effect on the torque density of the DEM-APMG. When the axial length of the high-speed permanent magnet and low-speed permanent magnet is 8mm, and the duty cycle is 0.4, the torque density can reach the optimal value of 156kNm/m3.
{"title":"Design and characteristic analysis of dual-excitation and dual-modulation axial permanent magnetic gear","authors":"Y. Ge, F. Liu, D. Wang, D. Liu","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the problems of serious axial and tangential leakage and low torque density in the magnetic circuit axial permanent magnet gear (APMG), an external regulating ring is introduced on the basis of APMG to form a dual-excitation and modulation APMG structure, namely DEM-APMG. The low speed rotor of DEM-APMG is clamped between the inner and outer magnetizing rings to generate dual-excitation field (i.e. dual excitation). At the same time, the inner and outer magnetizing rings modulate the low speed rotor dual-directionally modulation (i.e. dual modulation). The axial and tangential leakage flux of APMG can be converted into useful harmonics to increase the output torque and torque density on the basis of APMG. In this study, mathematical analysis is used to describe the air gap magnetic density and electromagnetic torque model of a DEM-APMG, which essentially describes the root cause of the increase in torque density. Using 3D finite element static and dynamic simulations, the transmission characteristics of the APMG and DEM-APMG are compared and analyzed. Results show that the maximum static torque of the DEM-APMG high-speed and low-speed rotors with the same outer diameter increase by 22.7% and 23.8%, respectively, compared with APMG, 26% and 29%, respectively, in steady-state operation, and the torque density increases by 24%. The influence of the primary structural parameters on the transmission characteristics is also investigated using the control variable method. Results show that the duty cycle of the magnet adjusting block, the axial length of the high-speed permanent magnet and the low-speed permanent magnet have the strongest effect on the torque density of the DEM-APMG. When the axial length of the high-speed permanent magnet and low-speed permanent magnet is 8mm, and the duty cycle is 0.4, the torque density can reach the optimal value of 156kNm/m3.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23967/j.rimni.2022.04.001
C. Chavez-Olivares, E. Rubio, C. Guzman
ADAMS-MATLAB co-simulation is widely used in complex system development to control models of closed-loop mechanisms. An advantage of ADAMS is to facilitate the configuration of parameters such as friction. However, its mathematical friction model is unknown. There are alternatives such as Simscape Multibody that facilitate the configuration of any friction model. This paper presents a case study of dynamic simulation using the mathematical model of a mechanism in order to compare it with ADAMS and Simscape Multibody. The state-space model uses the parameters b and fc – viscous and Coulomb friction coefficients. However, ADAMS uses only one dynamic friction parameter µ. Since both friction parameters do not appear in ADAMS, a parametric identification procedure was used to determine the equivalency between the friction coefficients b and fc compared to µ. To identify the friction model of ADAMS, open-loop and closed-loop simulations were proposed. To compare the simulation results numerically, the L2 norm was used. The reference was the model solved with the ODE45 function.
{"title":"Study of dynamic simulators with ADAMS and Matlab/Simulink for control systems","authors":"C. Chavez-Olivares, E. Rubio, C. Guzman","doi":"10.23967/j.rimni.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23967/j.rimni.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"ADAMS-MATLAB co-simulation is widely used in complex system development to control models of closed-loop mechanisms. An advantage of ADAMS is to facilitate the configuration of parameters such as friction. However, its mathematical friction model is unknown. There are alternatives such as Simscape Multibody that facilitate the configuration of any friction model. This paper presents a case study of dynamic simulation using the mathematical model of a mechanism in order to compare it with ADAMS and Simscape Multibody. The state-space model uses the parameters b and fc – viscous and Coulomb friction coefficients. However, ADAMS uses only one dynamic friction parameter µ. Since both friction parameters do not appear in ADAMS, a parametric identification procedure was used to determine the equivalency between the friction coefficients b and fc compared to µ. To identify the friction model of ADAMS, open-loop and closed-loop simulations were proposed. To compare the simulation results numerically, the L2 norm was used. The reference was the model solved with the ODE45 function.","PeriodicalId":49607,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional de Metodos Numericos para Calculo y Diseno en Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68781659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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